1.
Transport Construction Authority
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The Transport Construction Authority is a former agency of the Government of New South Wales that was responsible for new railway projects in the city of Sydney, Australia. On 1 November 2011 the Transport Construction Authority was subsumed into the newly formed body, the Authority oversaw the process of planning, design, regulatory approval and community relations for its projects. Construction was performed by private-sector construction companies, when built, the infrastructure was turned over for management by CityRail. The former chairman of the Transport Construction Authority is Ron Finlay, in 2006-2007 the Authority was responsible for 11 projects under construction, collectively worth over A$3.2 billion, with another nine projects in the planning phase. Project expenditure for the year totaled A$629 million, on 1 November 2011, the Transport Construction Authority was abolished and subsumed into Transport for New South Wales
2.
Roads & Traffic Authority
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The Roads & Traffic Authority is a former New South Wales government agency that was responsible for major road infrastructure, licensing of drivers, and registration of motor vehicles. The RTA directly managed State roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads, in addition, with assistance from the Federal Government, the RTA also previously managed the NSW national highway system. The agency was abolished in 2011 and replaced by NSW Roads, the Department of Main Roads was created in November 1932. The DMR undertook works across NSW, including maintenance of all roads into Sydney and programs of road reconstruction, construction. The DMR was also responsible for many ferries and New South Wales bridges, on 1 November 2011, the Roads and Traffic Authority in turn was merged with NSW Maritime to become Roads and Maritime Services. Planning and co-ordination functions were transferred to Transport for NSW, the Roads and Traffic Authority is responsible for the registration of vehicles and the issuing of Drivers licences in New South Wales, including testing and administering of licences. Within NSW, the Transport Management Centre is responsible for managing events and unplanned incidents. It is the point for identifying and directing the response to incidents such as crashes, breakdowns. It passes on information to the public through the media, the RTA call centre, Traffic Emergency Patrols vans patrol major road routes and respond to unplanned incidents with the aim of returning the road to normal operating conditions as soon as possible. Both Traffic Commanders and TEP units carry an array of traffic management devices such as traffic cones, barrier boards. Both also are permitted to use and display red and blue lighting and are designated as emergency vehicles. Dual carriageway completion on the whole Hume Highway and the Great Western Highway, lawrence Hargrave Drive North Kiama Bypass Sydney Orbital Network. As part of its duty to provide major road infrastructure, the RTA is responsible for the provision of car ferries. More completed projects from the RTA Roads and Traffic Authority MySpace profile SCATS - Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System Website
3.
New South Wales
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New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south and it has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state, New South Wales state capital is Sydney, which is also Australias most populous city. In March 2014, the population of New South Wales was 7.5 million. Just under two-thirds of the population,4.67 million. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen, the Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised a more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825, in addition, the colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemens Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand. However, the Swan River Colony has never administered as part of New South Wales. Lord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal Territory, as have the now known as the Australian Capital Territory. The prior inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region. The Wodi Wodi people are the custodians of the Illawarra region of South Sydney. The Bundjalung people are the custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas. The European discovery of New South Wales was made by Captain James Cook during his 1770 survey along the eastern coast of the Dutch-named continent of New Holland. In his original journal covering the survey, in triplicate to satisfy Admiralty Orders, Cook first named the land New Wales, however, in the copy held by the Admiralty, he revised the wording to New South Wales. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, macquaries legacy is still evident today. During the 19th century, large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria. Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855, following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840
4.
Minister for Transport (New South Wales)
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The current Minister for Transport and Infrastructure since 2 April 2015 is Andrew Constance. The minister is supported by the Minister for Roads, Maritime and Freight, the portfolio of Minister for Transport was created under Act No. The following individuals have been appointed as Ministers of Transport and Infrastructure, the following individuals have been appointed as Ministers with responsibility for roads, maritime and freight. The following individuals have been appointed as Ministers with responsibility for ports, the following individuals have been appointed as Assistant Ministers with responsibility for assisting or advising the Minister for Transport. At various times this portfolio has been left vacant
5.
Melinda Pavey
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Melinda Jane Pavey, an Australian politician, is the New South Wales Minister for Roads, Maritime and Freight since January 2017 in the Berejiklian government. Pavey has been a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly since 2015 and she was previously a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council between 2002 and 2015. A former party staffer, the Coffs Harbour businesswoman became the partys youngest New South Wales MP at the age of 33. Over the next decade, she worked for a number of MPs, including Deputy Premier Wal Murray, Minister for Consumer Affairs Wendy Machin, Pavey entered politics in July 2002, when long-serving Legislative Council member Doug Moppett died suddenly. In the subsequent weeks, Pavey announced her intention to nominate for the casual vacancy. At the time, the party was recovering from a significant defeat at the 2001 election, and she has dedicated much of her time to advocating for the people of the Queanbeyan region, in her role as The Nationals duty member for the Labor-held Legislative Assembly electorate of Monaro. She has also served on the Parliamentary Committee on Children and Young People since 2003, after the 2011 state election, Premier Barry OFarrell announced that Pavey would not enter Cabinet, despite previously holding the role of Shadow spokesperson for Emergency Services. Pavey was subsequently appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Regional Health, in December 2014, Pavey was preselected by the Nationals as the partys candidate for the lower house seat of Oxley at the 2015 state election. Following the resignation of Mike Baird as Premier, Gladys Berejiklian was elected as Liberal leader, the Berejiklian ministry was subsequently formed with Pavey sworn in as the Minister for Roads, Maritime and Freight with effect from 30 January 2017
6.
Departmental secretary
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A departmental secretary is the non-political non-elected public servant heads of government departments, who generally hold their position for a number of years. A departmental secretary works with departments and agencies to ensure the delivery of services. Secretaries are frequently called for questioning by the Joint Committee of Public Accounts and Audit, the House of Representatives committees, the report is prepared in conjunction with the Public Service Commissioner. Appointments and terminations as departmental secretary are made by the Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister, under Sections 58 and 59 respectively of the Act. In the first Rudd government, secretaries were appointed for a five-year term, in 1999, the Howard government sought to remove Paul Barratt AO as Secretary of the Department of Defence after Barratt fell out of favour with his Minister. Despite being offered a diplomatic post, Barratt refused to vacate the role and commenced legal action, claiming unfair dismissal, Barratt had a temporary stay, but was dismissed within 14 days, and subsequently lost, on appeal in the Federal Court. The most senior Commonwealth public servant is the Secretary of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, in the Government of the state of Victoria, the most senior government departmental secretary is the Secretary of the Department of Premier and Cabinet, currently Chris Eccles. There are currently 22 individuals in Australian government departments with the grade of Secretary, Government of Australia Australian Public Service
7.
Government of New South Wales
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The Government of New South Wales, also referred to as the New South Wales Government or NSW Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of New South Wales, in Australia. The Government of New South Wales, a constitutional monarchy, was formed in 1856 as prescribed in its Constitution. Since the Federation of Australia in 1901, New South Wales has been a state of the Commonwealth of Australia, under the Australian Constitution, New South Wales ceded legislative and judicial supremacy to the Commonwealth, but retained powers in all matters not in conflict with the Commonwealth. Section 109 of the Australian Constitution provides that, where a State law is inconsistent with a federal law, initially the Australian states retained significant independence. Over time, however, that independence has been eroded by both the proliferation of Commonwealth Law, and the increasing financial domination of the Commonwealth. New South Wales is governed according to the principles of the Westminster system, Executive power rests formally with the Executive Council, which consists of the Governor and senior ministers. The Governor, as representative of the Crown, is the repository of power, which is exercised by him or her on the advice of the Premier of New South Wales. The Premier and Ministers are appointed by the Governor, and hold office by virtue of their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the Legislative Assembly. In 2006, the Sesquicentenary of Responsible Government in New South Wales, the Act was assented to by the Queen on 3 April 2006. The following individuals serve as government ministers, at the pleasure of the Queen, the government ministers are listed in order of seniority, while their opposition counterparts are listed to correspond with the government ministers. All Opposition counterparts are members of the Parliament of New South Wales
8.
Parliament of New South Wales
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The Parliament of New South Wales, located in Parliament House on Macquarie Street, Sydney, is the main legislative body in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is a parliament elected by the people of the state in general elections. The parliament shares law making powers with the Australian Federal Parliament, the New South Wales Parliament follows the Westminster parliamentary traditions of dress, Green–Red chamber colours and protocol. The Parliament derives its authority from the Queen of Australia, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, represented by the Governor of New South Wales and it consists of a lower house, the New South Wales Legislative Assembly, and an upper house, the New South Wales Legislative Council. Each house is elected by the people of New South Wales at elections held approximately every four years. The Parliament of New South Wales is Australias oldest legislature and it had its beginnings when New South Wales was a British colony under the control of the Governor. A small, appointed Legislative Council began meeting in 1824 to advise the Governor on legislative matters, by 1843, this had been enlarged with two-thirds of its members elected by adult males who met certain property requirements. The right to vote was extended to all males in 1858. In 1850 the Australian Colonies Government Act was passed by the Imperial Parliament and this expanded the New South Wales Legislative Council so that by 1851 there were 54 members – again, with two-thirds elected. In 1853, a committee chaired by William Wentworth began drawing up a Constitution for responsible self-government. The Committee’s proposed Constitution was placed before the Legislative Council in August that year and, for the most part, the Constitution, with an upper house whose members were appointed for life, was sent to the Imperial Parliament and was passed into law on 16 July 1855. The new Parliament of New South Wales was to be a bicameral legislature, on 22 May 1856, the newly constituted New South Wales Parliament opened and sat for the first time. With the new 54-member Legislative Assembly taking over the council chamber, in 1859 Queensland was made a colony separate from New South Wales. The Legislative Assembly was reduced from 80 to 72 members by the loss of the Queensland seats, in 1901, New South Wales became a state of the Commonwealth of Australia and many government functions were transferred to the new Commonwealth government. The current Constitution of New South Wales was adopted in 1902, women gained the right to vote in Commonwealth elections in April 1902 and in New South Wales state elections in August 1902. In 1918, reforms permitted women to be Members of Parliament and that same year, a proportional representation system was introduced for the Legislative Assembly with multiple representatives from each electorate, this system lasted until it was abolished in 1926. In 1925,1926 and 1929, Premier Jack Lang made attempts at abolishing the Legislative Council, following the example of the Queensland Legislative Council in 1922, in 1962 Indigenous Australians gained the right to vote in all state elections. In 1978, the Council became an elected body in a program of electoral reform introduced by the Wran Labor government
9.
New South Wales state election, 2011
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Elections to the 55th Parliament of New South Wales were held on Saturday,26 March 2011. The 16-year-incumbent Australian Labor Party government led by Premier Kristina Keneally was defeated in a landslide by the Liberal–National Coalition opposition led by Barry OFarrell. Labor suffered a two-party swing of 16.4 points, the largest against a government at any level in Australia since World War II. The Coalition picked up 34 seats to win a strong majority and it is only the third time since 1941 that a NSW Labor government has been defeated. The election was conducted by the New South Wales Electoral Commission, *Figure is Greens vs Liberal **Figure is from the 2007 state election, where Rob Oakeshott was the independent candidate. In addition, the Liberals retained Ryde and Penrith, which were gained from Labor at by-elections, members in italics did not contest their seat at this election. The centre-left Labor Party, led by Premier Kristina Keneally, and the centre-right Liberal Party, led by Leader of the Opposition Barry OFarrell, were the two main parties in New South Wales. In the 2007 state election, of 93 seats total, Labor won 52 seats, the Liberals won 22 seats and the Nationals, led by Andrew Stoner, six seats were retained by independents. Smaller parties which hold no seats in the house but achieved significant votes in 2007 include The Greens. On 18 October 2008, four state electorates went to by-elections as a result the resignation of the Premier, the results in Ryde, Cabramatta, and Lakemba showed the largest by-election swing against Labor in its history. The results showed a significant swing towards the Liberal Party with a swing of 22. Ryde, once a safe Labor seat, with a swing of 23.1 points delivered former deputy premier John Watkins seat to Victor Dominello. 5–45. 5%, Premier Keneally launched the Labor Partys campaign slogan Protecting jobs – Supporting families. In attendance for the launch were former Prime Minister Bob Hawke and former Premiers Wran, the Coalition had been leading in opinion polling for almost three years, and were unbackable favourites throughout the campaign to win the election. The final Newspoll had support for Labor at a low with 23 percent of the primary vote and 35.9 percent of the two-party vote. Bookmakers were paying $1.01 for a Coalition win with Labor getting as much as $36 and one agency even paid out the winnings, at one point, Labor was widely predicted to win as few as 13 seats, seven less than the actual result. According to several pollsters, Labor was in danger of losing seats where it had not been seriously threatened in decades. Labor won 20 seats, the lowest for Labor in NSW Parliament in over a century, many prominent Labor MPs and ministers lost their seats including Verity Firth, David Borger, Matt Brown, Jodi McKay, Virginia Judge, Phil Costa and Kevin Greene. In the process, the Coalition took dozens of seats in areas considered Labor heartland, such as western Sydney and the Upper Hunter—some on swings of well over 10 per cent
10.
Barry O'Farrell
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Barry Robert OFarrell is a former Australian politician who was the 43rd Premier of New South Wales and Minister for Western Sydney from 2011 to 2014. Born in Melbourne, his fathers Army career saw OFarrell and his move around Australia, ending up in Darwin in the Northern Territory. In 1977 OFarrell moved to Canberra to study at the Australian National University, OFarrell started his career as a graduate trainee in the Australian Public Service in Canberra. After working for a number of federal and state Liberal Party politicians, at the 1995 New South Wales election, OFarrell was elected to the safe Liberal seat of Northcott in northern Sydney. Following the seats abolition in the 1998 redistribution he secured selection for the safe seat of Ku-ring-gai in 1999. OFarrell joined the Shadow Ministry in 1998 and served two periods as Deputy Leader, following the Liberal-Nationals defeat at the 2007 state election, OFarrell challenged Liberal Party leader Peter Debnam. Debnam withdrew from the contest on the day of the ballot and OFarrell was elected unopposed as the Leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party and he became Premier in a landslide at the 2011 election. He formally resigned on 17 April as Liberal Party leader and was succeeded by Mike Baird, on 24 November 2014, OFarrell announced his intention not to stand for re-election at the 2015 NSW election. The youngest of three children, Barry Robert OFarrell was born to Kevin and Mae OFarrell in the Royal Womens Hospital, Melbourne, on 24 May 1959. He is descended from Irish immigrants who arrived in Victoria in the 1860s, the OFarrells moved to Darwin during his adolescence and he finished his high school education at St Johns College. In 1977 OFarrell began studying at the Australian National University in Canberra, during his second year of study, he was elected President of the Ursula College Student Association. When John Howard became Leader of the Opposition in 1985, his chief of staff, Gerard Henderson, in May 1988, OFarrell was employed as Chief of Staff for Bruce Baird, a cabinet minister in the New South Wales government. Four years later, OFarrell and Tony Abbott sought appointment as the State Director of the New South Wales Liberal Party, OFarrell gave his maiden speech in Parliament on 19 September 1995. On 14 December 1998, State Opposition Leader Kerry Chikarovski appointed OFarrell Shadow Minister for Small Business, OFarrell represented Northcott until its abolition on 26 March 1999. His transfer bid was successful at the 1999 election, gaining 56. 3% of the vote and 70. 03% after preferences. When Ron Phillips was defeated at the election, thereby vacating the Deputy Leadership, OFarrell stood for the position and was elected on 31 March 1999, Chikarovski then appointed him on 19 April 1999 to the senior role of Shadow Minister for Transport, dropping Small Business. At the 1999 republic referendum, OFarrell voted against the proposal for Australia to become a republic with a president elected by the Parliament of Australia, in 2007, referring to his vote, OFarrell stated Im not going to buy something that I dont believe is a better deal. In a further Shadow Cabinet reshuffle on 4 January 2002, OFarrell lost Information Technology, however, when John Brogden deposed Chikarovski as Leader on 28 March 2002, OFarrell also lost the Deputy Leadership, eleven votes to nine, to Chris Hartcher
11.
RailCorp
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Rail Corporation New South Wales is a State-owned corporation of the State of New South Wales established under the Transport Administration Act 1988 in 2004. From 2004 until 2013, RailCorp operated passenger services in New South Wales. Other functions include network access, leasing and managing the NSW Governments contract with Airport Link Company, the acting chief executive of RailCorp is Sydney Trains chief executive Howard Collins. Initially governed by a Board of Directors as a State owned corporation, changes to the Transport Administration Act,1988 resulted in abolition of the Board effective 1 July 2010 and the repositioning of RailCorp as an entity under Transport NSW. RailCorp reports to the Minister for Transport, in a series of seven reports released during 2008, the ICAC reported that more than $21 million in improper contracts and deals through the procurement of services in just three years. In June 2009, RailCorp terminated the contract of Vicki Coleman, its Chief Information Officer, the ICAC recommended charges against 33 people, yet by April 2012, only eight people had faced the courts. Those that received custodial sentences included Allan Michael Blackstock and Renea Hughes, youssef Madrajat was directed to undertake community service. Further charges are expected to be laid on others, and several are still waiting the outcome of criminal proceedings, RailCorp maintains a statewide Emergency Response Unit. The function of this unit is to attend incidents, such as derailments, the unit also undertakes cross-training with Fire and Rescue NSW. The units motto is Semper Paratus, translated from Latin to mean Always Ready, Rail transport in New South Wales Railways in Sydney RailCorp
12.
State Transit Authority
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The State Transit Authority, also referred to as State Transit or STA, is an agency of the Government of New South Wales based in Sydney, operating bus and ferry services. The STA reports to the Minister for Transport, Andrew Constance, the current chief executive is Peter Rowley. The former Premier of New South Wales, Barrie Unsworth was chairman from November 2004 to November 2009, the State Transit Authority comprises two business units. The network is based on the reach of the citys former tram network. Sydney Buses has grown significantly through acquisitions of smaller bus companies as reforms to contracting arrangements encourage consolidation in the industry, in December 1999 North & Western Bus Lines was purchased followed in February 2000 by Parramatta-Ryde Bus Service. In January 2005 most of former Harris Park Transport routes were taken over from Hillsbus, Sydney Buses operates a number of high-profile services. 333, Bondi Beach – Circular Quay via Bondi Junction and Darlinghurst, Newcastle Buses & Ferries is a commuter bus and ferry service operating in Newcastle and Lake Macquarie. Newcastle Buses & Ferries operates 28 bus routes plus a service across the Hunter River between Newcastle and Stockton. The network radiates from a bus terminal near Newcastle station, major interchanges are located at the University of Newcastle, Wallsend, Glendale, Warners Bay, Belmont, Charlestown Square, Westfield Kotara and Broadmeadow station. Newcastle Buses and Stockton ferry services became Opal active as from 20 November 2014 as some older tickets were retired, trips within a designated area of the Newcastle CBD on State Transit-operated bus services are zero-fare under the Newcastle Alliances Free City Buses programme. The zero-fare zone operates between 07,30 and 18,00, seven days a week, the programme receives funding from the Honeysuckle Development Corporation and the Government of New South Wales. The State Transit Authority also comprised two former business units, Sydney Ferries is the public transport authority for ferry services on Port Jackson in Sydney. It was established in 2004 as a government agency, separate of the State Transit Authority, since July 2012 the provision of services has been contracted out to Harbour City Ferries. Formed in 2003, Western Sydney Buses operated route T80, a bus transit service in Western Sydney on the Liverpool-Parramatta T-way. Passengers made 2.77 million journeys with Western Sydney Buses in the 2011/12 financial year, Western Sydney Buses operated out of a corner of Westbus Bonnyrigg depot. In November 2012, Transit Systems Sydney won the tender for Sydney Bus Region 3 which included route T80 with the service and 22 buses transferring on 13 October 2013 and it also operates a ferry service between Queens Wharf on the Newcastle waterfront and Stockton across the Hunter River. Sydney Buses services charge fares on the basis of distance, Newcastle Buses & Ferries bus services charge fares on the basis of travel time. Journeys on Newcastle buses within an area of the CBD are zero-fare during the day
13.
Roads and Maritime Services
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The Agency was created on 1 November 2011 from a merger of the Roads & Traffic Authority and NSW Maritime. Planning responsibilities were transferred to Transport for New South Wales, which was created on the same day, Roads and Maritime Services is responsible for the registration of vehicles and the issuing of Drivers licences in New South Wales, including testing and administering of licences. Within NSW, the Transport Management Centre is responsible for managing events and unplanned incidents. It is the point for identifying and directing the response to incidents such as crashes, breakdowns. It passes on information to the public through the media, the RMS call centre, Traffic Commanders exercise command and control of RMS resources at the outer perimeter with regard to traffic management such as the coordination of Traffic Emergency Patrols. Traffic Emergency Patrols vans patrol major road routes and respond to unplanned incidents with the aim of returning the road to normal operating conditions as soon as possible. Both Traffic Commanders and TEP units carry an array of traffic management devices such as traffic cones, barrier boards. Both also are permitted to use and display red and blue lighting and are designated as emergency vehicles. Accept responsibility for traffic management from the incident inner perimeter or event perimeter into the rest of the road network, clear the road and make it safe. Communicate traffic management arrangements to the media, assist in the timely provision of heavy lift and other towing/salvage services to clear the road. Provide close support to the Site Controller for traffic control within an incident outer perimeter, develop and deploy Traffic Emergency Patrol teams for specific routes. Develop a joint framework and lead in the development of management plans. Coordinate the response of specialised resources to support traffic management, at the request of Police or a Combat Agency, display warnings and alerts on the Variable Message Signs in accordance with approved guidelines. This may include warnings associated with bushfires and floods, assist in the conduct of Green Light Corridors As part of its duty to provide major road infrastructure, RMS is responsible for the provision of several car ferries. Previously Roads and Maritime Services maintained separate offices, which were the most widespread offices of the New South Wales Government in the state and these have almost universally been replaced by Service NSW offices. While the new offices perform most of the functions of Roads and Maritime Services, they also handle other New South Wales Government services, such as Births Death, many functions that required attendance can now be performed online, e. g. vehicle registration renewal
14.
Sydney Metro (2008 proposal)
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Sydney Metro was a proposed rapid transit railway network in Sydney, Australia, intended to connect the central business district with Rouse Hill, Westmead, Malabar and the lower North Shore. The cycle of announcement, re-announcement and cancellation of rail projects was a pattern under the Labor government that ruled New South Wales between 1995 and 2011. The short life of the Sydney Metro proposal was a significant contributing factor to Labor’s rout at the 2011 state election, although Labors Sydney Metro proposals were not revived, an alternative rapid transit system was proposed by the Liberal/Nationals government elected in 2011. Construction of this scheme, also known as Sydney Metro, began in 2013, although Sydney Metro would have been the first rapid transit system to be built in Australia – and one of only a handful in the Southern Hemisphere – the idea was not new. A true rapid transit system, separate from the increasingly congested suburban rail system, was proposed in 1968 by the new State Planning Authority’s Sydney Region Outline Plan. At the time, a number of cities were planning or building modern, standalone metros, including Toronto, Lisbon, Montreal, São Paulo, Seoul, Santiago, Washington, D. C. and Hong Kong. The 1964 introduction of the first double-deck carriages boosted capacity to an extent, SROP’s solution was a rapid transit system that would have augmented the city’s most crowded rail line, the Main West, with a fast, single-deck operation between the CBD and Parramatta. But though SROP fundamentally shaped Sydney’s growth for the next 20 years, the planned line was never built, improvements to the existing railway always took priority. Forty-four years later, a government report was to observe that in delaying the advent of rapid transit, “we have pushed the complex two-door double deck network further than any other operator. ”SROP’s eventual replacement, a plan called Sydney Into Its Third Century, was released by Labor planning minister Bob Carr in 1988. Although not a policy as such, the document set a radical change of direction that unwittingly built the strategic case for rapid transit. Firstly, it broke with SROP’s cardinal rule that new development should occur along existing railway corridors, secondly, it mandated a dramatic increase in urban density within the city’s existing footprint. Ironically, it was Carr himself who would have to deal with the consequences of his metropolitan plan, at first, the needs of the forthcoming Sydney 2000 Olympics – new rail lines to the airport and the new stadium planned by his Liberal predecessors – took priority. Carr’s first new rail proposal was the Parramatta to Epping Rail Link, something like it – a St Leonards to Eastwood line – had figured in Bradfield’s 1920 plan. The need for this extension was questionable, indeed, Carr and Scully’s successor, Michael Costa, were to remove it from the plan five years later. But the political imperative was clear, Carr owed his 1995 victory to just three electoral districts, all of them in Western Sydney, the next priority was the North West, where Carr as planning minister had green-lit future development far from mass transit links. The Governments solution was heavy rail from Epping to Castle Hill and this represented the beginnings of a major strategic shift, with future rapid transit proposals to incorporate private-sector operation as a core element. The following year, a collision at Glenbrook in the lower Blue Mountains killed seven people. Carr and Scully recognised that the system needed a serious strategic review
15.
Sydney Ferries
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Sydney Ferries is the public transport ferry network serving the Australian city of Sydney, New South Wales. Services operate on Sydney Harbour and the Parramatta River, the network is controlled by the New South Wales Governments transport authority, Transport for NSW, and is part of the authoritys Opal ticketing system. In 2015-16,15.4 million passenger journeys were made on the network, the first ferry, officially named the Rose Hill Packet, was crafted by convicts and powered by sails and oars. Trips inland from Sydney Cove to Parramatta typically took up to one week to complete, as time progressed, a series of rowboat ferrymen set up small operations to transport people from either side of Sydney Harbour. In 1861, the North Shore Ferry Company was established which operated the very first commercial ferry service across Sydney Harbour, in 1899, ferry services were integrated into Sydney Ferries Limited, which became the worlds largest ferry operator by fleet size. After the Sydney Harbour Bridge opened in March 1932, ferry patronage dropped almost overnight, in 1951, the NSW Government intervened in response to the financial difficulty of the operator and agreed to take over Sydney Ferries Limited. On 3 April 2007 the Premier of New South Wales Morris Iemma appointed Bret Walker, walkers report, delivered in November 2007, was highly critical of the Ferries management, industrial relations and government interference. On 1 January 2009, Sydney Ferries became a NSW Government agency, in February 2009, a private operator took over the high speed jet cat service to Manly. In April 2010, the NSW Government decided the service contract would remain with the Sydney Ferry Corporation, on 28 July 2012, Harbour City Ferries, a 50/50 joint venture between Broadspectrum and Transdev Australasia, began operating the services of Sydney Ferries under a seven-year contract. The following table lists patronage figures for the network during the financial year. Australias financial years start on 1 July and end on 30 June, major events that affected the number of journeys made or how patronage is measured are included as notes. On 12 May 2004 the Louise Sauvage crashed into a wharf at Rose Bay, a small number of minor injuries resulted from the accident, which was blamed on a steering mechanism fault. In January 2007, one man died after a Sydney RiverCat, in March 2007, a Sydney Ferries vessel crashed into a whale-watching ship before hitting Pyrmont Bridge in Darling Harbour. On Wednesday,28 March 2007, the Sydney Ferries HarbourCat Pam Burridge collided with a private vessel, four people, including a fourteen-year-old girl, were killed in the accident. The Office of Transport Safety Investigations found that the Merinda was not exhibiting the required navigation lights and had not maintained a proper look-out, Australian skating champion Sean Carlow was among the survivors of the accident. His mother and coach, former Australian Olympic competitor Liz Cain, had a leg amputated, one of the dead was a skating judge who had officiated at the 2007 World Figure Skating Championships the previous week. On 23 November 2008, at 17,15 the Lady Northcott ran into the stern of Friendship while the former was berthing behind the latter at Circular Quay, no one was on board the Friendship, and no passengers were injured on the Lady Northcott. On 6 April 2009 the Lady Northcott crashed into rocks after it overshot Taronga Zoo wharf, no one was injured in the accident, and it was blamed on driver error
16.
Light rail in Sydney
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The Sydney light rail network is a tram or light rail system serving the Australian city of Sydney, New South Wales. The network presently consists of a single 12. 8-kilometre line of 23 stations, a second line is under construction and two further lines serving Western Sydney have been announced. The network is controlled by the New South Wales Governments transport authority, Transport for NSW, in 2015-16,9.7 million passenger journeys were made on the network. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Sydney developed a tram network. In the 1980s and 1990s, the city areas of Darling Harbour. In 1988 the Sydney Monorail opened, connecting Darling Harbour to the Central Business District, a section of track between Pyrmont and Haymarket was upgraded and a new on-street section constructed to link the line to Central railway station. The line was set up as a partnership and opened in August 1997 as the Sydney Light Rail. The lines owner soon made proposals for an extension along the disused section of the goods line. The western extension opened in 2000, but the company was unsuccessful in its attempts to develop a CBD line, the extensions announced during the decade total almost 40-kilometres. If all projects are completed, the network would expand in size from 7. 2-kilometres at the start of the decade to approximately 50-kilometres, the contract gave the company significant control over the commercial arrangements relating to future extensions or interconnecting lines. SLRC contracted operation of the line to TNT, who owned the monorail. A major change occurred in August 1998 when the rail and monorail effectively merged. TNT sold the monorail to CGEA Transport and the companies owning SLRC, CGEA Transport and its successors have operated the inner city light rail network ever since. The company controlling the light rail and monorail became known as Metro Transport Sydney, the Government of New South Wales purchased Metro Transport Sydney on 23 March 2012 for $19.8 million, and the company was placed under the control of Transport for NSW. The monorail closed on 30 June 2013, from 1 July, the Metro Light Rail brand was phased out as part of a broader rebranding and reorganisation of public transport services in New South Wales. The process of shutting down Metro Transport Sydney and transferring assets to Transport for NSW was completed in September 2014, in December 2014, Transport for NSW awarded the contract to the ALTRAC Light Rail consortium, consisting of Alstom, Transdev, Acciona Infrastructure & Capella Capital. The operating contract commenced on 1 July 2015 and runs until 2034, Transdev Sydney operate and maintain the network as part of the consortium. The following table lists patronage figures for the network during the financial year
17.
Sydney Monorail
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The Sydney Monorail was a single-loop monorail in Sydney, Australia, that connected Darling Harbour, Chinatown and the Sydney central business and shopping districts. It opened in July 1988 and closed in June 2013, there were eight stations on the 3.6 kilometre loop, with up to six trains operating simultaneously. It served major attractions and facilities such as the Powerhouse Museum, Sydney Aquarium, the system was operated by Veolia. As part of the redevelopment of 50 hectares of land at Darling Harbour it was proposed to build a link to the Sydney central business district. Sydney City Council preferred a light line, however in November 1985 Transport Minister Laurie Brereton announced a monorail would be built. Initially operated by TNT Harbourlink, the monorail opened on 21 July 1988 after a period of 26 months. The first test services ran in October 1987 on a 500-metre section at Darling Harbour, TNT Harbourlink was awarded a 50-year concession until 2038. In August 1998 TNT sold the monorail to CGEA Transport Sydney, the monorail ceased operating on 30 June 2013 and all sections of track and some of the stations have been dismantled. Around 70 million passenger journeys were made on the line during its lifetime, Two carriages and 10 metres of track have been preserved at the Powerhouse Museum. Two carriages are being used as meeting rooms at Googles Pyrmont offices, the track was a steel box girder of 94 centimetres width, raised at a minimum height of 5.5 metres from ground level on steel columns 20 to 40 metres apart. The minimum curve radius was 20 metres and the maximum gradient 4. 4% uphill and 6. 5% downhill, Power was supplied at 500 V AC to power the train, via a sheathed conductor below the running plate of the track. A control rail was provided for train control, and a generator provided to clear trains from the track in emergencies. The train control and maintenance facility is located between Convention and Paddys Market stations, where a traverser moved trains in and out of service, each station stop took 40 seconds, including the time to decelerate, board passengers, and accelerate again. A complete circuit of the route took 12 minutes and it was originally intended for the system to operate automatically, but after a number of breakdowns soon after opening, it was decided to retain drivers, who occupied the first car of each train. Payment for single journeys was made by tokens inserted into the turnstile, for multiple journeys, customers could purchase pre-paid cards. The first card type was based on magnetic stripe technology and called the METROCard, shortly before the closure of the Monorail, a new contactless card was introduced called the smart. Delivered in 1987, six trains of seven carriages were built by Von Roll Holding to the Type III specification, each seated 48 passengers, with the driver in the leading car, but were designed to seat 56, using all seven carriages. The first was displayed at the Trans Public Show in Geneva, the monorail trains ran on rubber wheels, and each seven car train had six 37 kilowatts traction motors, permitting a normal operating speed of 33 km/h
18.
Sydney Trains
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Sydney Trains is the suburban passenger rail network serving the city of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The network is a hybrid suburban-commuter railway with a central core that covers over 815 km of track and 178 stations over 7 lines. During weekend services trains are frequent with headways of upwards of a half-hour on outer stations with frequencies of less than 10 minutes in the underground core. The network is controlled by the New South Wales Governments transport authority, Transport for NSW, in 2015-16,322 million passenger journeys were made on the network. The Sydney Trains network is operated by a government owned organisation–also called Sydney Trains–that replaced the government operator. In May 2012 the Minister for Transport announced a restructure of RailCorp, intercity and Hunter Line services previously operated by CityRail are now operated by NSW TrainLink which was also formed as part of the restructure. RailCorp was left as the owner of the network infrastructure, in April 2013 the Sydney Trains logo was unveiled. The first expansion of the Sydney suburban network during the Sydney Trains era occurred in 2015 when the South West Rail Link opened between Glenfield and Leppington. The network will reduce in size over the years as sections of the network are transferred to the city’s metro. The line between Chatswood and Epping will form part of Sydney Metro Northwest and will close for conversion in 2018, the section of line between Sydenham and Bankstown will form part of Sydney Metro City & Southwest. This is due to open in 2024, the section of line between Camellia and Carlingford will form part of the Parramatta Light Rail network. Construction is expected to be completed by 2023, the following table lists patronage figures for the network during the corresponding financial year. Australias financial years start on 1 July and end on 30 June, major events that affected the number of journeys made or how patronage is measured are included as notes. Sydney Trains operates seven suburban lines across metropolitan Sydney, in conjunction with a new timetable released on 20 October 2013, the Sydney Trains network was reorganised with a new numbering system. The number of lines was reduced from eleven to seven by grouping some lines together, the main hub of the Sydney Trains system is Central Station, which most lines pass through. Central is also the terminus of most NSW TrainLink lines, after leaving Central, trains coming from the T2 Airport, Inner West & South Line and T3 Bankstown Line then travel through the City Circle - a ring line serving the Sydney Central Business District. After completing the City Circle, these pass through Central for a second time. The T1 North Shore, Northern & Western Line and T4 Eastern Suburbs and Illawarra Line pass through the Central Business District and continue on to other areas of Sydney
19.
NSW TrainLink
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NSW TrainLink is an Australian brand for the medium and long distance passenger rail and coach services of the New South Wales Governments transport authority, Transport for NSW. NSW TrainLink services operate throughout New South Wales and extend into the states and territories of Victoria, Queensland. Train services are operated by the governments NSW Trains, Coach services are contracted to private operators. In May 2012, the Minister for Transport announced a restructure of RailCorp, operation of Sydney suburban train services was split from medium and long distance train services. Two new companies - Sydney Trains and NSW Trains - were created to operate the rail network. The NSW TrainLink brand was introduced on 1 July 2013 to coincide with NSW Trains taking over all of CountryLinks services, the NSW TrainLink network is divided into two tiers, branded as Intercity and Regional. Intercity services operate commuter services, mainly to and from Sydney with limited stops within the metropolitan area. The Intercity network is part of Transport for NSWs Opal ticketing system, seats on Intercity services are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Regional services operate in areas of population density, providing passenger transport mainly between regional NSW and Sydney. Regional services use a separate, reserved seat, ticketing system, Intercity services operate to a distance approximately 200 kilometres from Sydney, bounded by Dungog in the north. Scone in the north-west, Bathurst to the west, Goulburn in the south-west, electric services extend from Sydney north to Hamilton, west to Lithgow and south to Port Kembla and Kiama. Most electric services originate from or terminate at Central, diesel trains serve the more distant or less populated parts of the Intercity network. Hunter Line services operate from Hamilton to Telarah with some extending to Dungog, southern Highlands Line services operate between Campbelltown and Moss Vale with a limited number extending to Sydney and Goulburn. Diesel services also operate on the South Coast Line between Kiama and Bomaderry, the Bathurst Bullet provides a daily, limited stop service between Sydney and Bathurst. Opal is also valid on bus, ferry and light rail services in the Greater Sydney region, the following table lists Opal fares for reusable smartcards and single trip tickets, ^ = $2.50 for Pensioner/Senior cardholders Card fares as of 4 January 2015. Single trip fares as of 5 September 2016, NSW TrainLink operates several bus routes along corridors where the railway line has been closed to passengers or as a supplement to rail services. These bus services are operated by private bus companies contracted by NSW TrainLink. All rail services feature diesel rolling stock, the North Coast services operate through the Mid North Coast, Northern Rivers and South East Queensland regions
20.
CityRail
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CityRail is a defunct railway brand for commuter rail and rail replacement bus services in and around Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong, the three largest cities in New South Wales. The brand was established in 1988 and abolished in 2013 when it was superseded by Sydney Trains and NSW TrainLink. In June 2013, it operated 307 stations and over 2,060 kilometres of track, extending north to the upper Hunter Region, south to the Shoalhaven and Southern Highlands regions, in the year ended 30 June 2012,306 million journeys were made on the network. On 1 January 2004, RailCorp assumed all functions of the State Rail Authority, when the CityRail brand was introduced the State Rail Authority was part way through taking delivery of 450 Tangara carriages. These would see the last single deck suburban sets withdrawn in 1992, in February 1994 the first of 15 two-carriage Endeavour railcars was delivered. These replaced Class 620/720 railcars, Class 900 railcars and locomotive hauled stock, in May 2000 the Airport & East Hills line opened. In July 2002 the first of 141 M set carriages entered service, in November 2006 the first of seven two-carriage Hunter railcars entered service. In December 2006 the first of 221 Oscar carriages entered service on the South Coast Line, in February 2009 the Epping to Chatswood railway line opened with shuttle services. Being integrated into the Northern line service in October 2009, in July 2011 the first Waratah trains entered service to replace the S sets. In October 2012 a new service from Bathurst to Sydney commenced, CityRail ceased operating on 30 June 2013 with Sydney Trains taking over responsibility for suburban services and NSW TrainLink Intercity services. At the time of it cessation in June 2013, CityRail operated eight electric multiple unit classes for suburban and interurban working, all CityRail electric trains used 1500 V DC overhead electrification and travel on 1, 435mm standard gauge tracks. Double deck rollingstock was first introduced in 1964 and after 1996, the CityRail network was divided into three sectors, based around three maintenance depots. EMU trainsets were identified by target plates, which are exhibited on the front lower nearside of driving carriages, target designations and set numbers were used in identifying EMU trainsets. The composition and formations of trainsets, and the designations were subject to alteration. All V sets which operated on the Newcastle and Blue Mountains lines, were serviced at Flemington Depot, all M and H sets, which had a green target plate, were serviced at Eveleigh Maintenance Centre. For most of the brands life CityRails ticketing system was the Automated Fare Collection System, dating from 1992, it was based on magnetic stripe technology and was interoperable with the Sydney Buses and Sydney Ferries systems. In later years the network was incorporated into the MyZone ticketing system, according to the 2003 Parry Report, The interaction of metropolitan, suburban, intercity and freight lines and services has resulted in an overly complex system. This complexity has contributed in part to the organisation being widely criticised for poor reliability and safety, RailCorp requires a government subsidy of close to $1.8 billion a year, approximately 5% of the state budget and more than three times what it collects in fares
21.
CountryLink
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CountryLink was an Australian passenger rail and road operator operating in regional New South Wales, as well as to Canberra, Brisbane and Melbourne. It was owned by RailCorp, a Government of New South Wales entity, CountryLink operated rail services using XPT and Xplorer rolling stock, with connecting coach services operated under contract by private operators. It inherited a fleet of XPT and locomotive-hauled passenger trains, following the election of the Greiner State Government in March 1988, consultants Booz Allen Hamilton were commissioned to prepare a report into NSW rail services. On purely economic grounds, the report recommended closing all country passenger services as they were judged unviable, if services were to be maintained, the report recommended an all XPT option with an expanded network of coach services replacing many other services. The Intercapital Daylight ceased in August 1991 and the Sydney/Melbourne Express in November 1993 was replaced by an XPT in November 1993 following the delivery of additional stock. This would release an XPT to operate a service to operate the Grafton Express replacing a weekly locomotive-hauled service that was reintroduced at the same time. The Xplorers entered service on the North Western service in October 1993, in November 1994 the government ordered a further four Xplorer carriages. In October 1990, the government announced that eight sleeper carriages would be ordered for use on services to Brisbane, Murwillumbah. These were included in an order placed with ABB Transportation, Dandenong in 1991 for four cars and 13 trailers that was jointly funded by the New South Wales. In December 1994, a service to Melbourne resumed by extending the Riverina XPT from Albury. In 1995 CountryLink trialled three Swedish Railways X2000 tilting train carriages, after conducting a statewide tour in March, they were used on Canberra services from April until June with two modified XPT power cars. In March 1996, services were reintroduced to Broken Hill and Griffith using refurbished locomotive-hauled rolling stock honouring an election commitment by the Carr State Government, with the formation of RailCorp, responsibility for CountryLink transferred to the new corporation in January 2004. With the closure of the Muwillumbah branch, services were cut back to Casino from April 2004, countrylink was merged with the regional services of CityRail to form NSW Trainlink on 1 July 2013. The hub of its operation was Sydney Central railway station, the North Coast region covers the North Coast, Northern Rivers and South East Queensland regions. Accordingly, the Government of Queensland made a contribution to the provision of these services, North Coast region services appeared on the network map in red. Services ran along the Main North and North Coast lines from Sydney Central station to Roma Street station in Brisbane, the North Western region covers the states Hunter, Northern Tablelands and North West regions. North Western region services appeared on the map in orange. Services ran along the Main North line from Sydney Central station to Werris Creek where the service divided for Armidale, the Western region covers the Central Tablelands and Western regions
22.
Central railway station, Sydney
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The Central railway station is a railway station located at the southern end of the central business district in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Often abbreviated as Central or Central station, the station is the largest and busiest railway station in New South Wales and it services almost all of the lines on the Sydney Trains network, and is the major terminus for NSW TrainLink services. Actual patronage was 11.35 million passenger movements in 2013, there have been three terminal stations in Sydney. The original Sydney station was opened on 26 September 1855 in a known as Cleveland Fields. This station, called Redfern, had Devonshire Street as its northern boundary, when this station became inadequate for the traffic it carried, a new station was built in 1874 on the same site and also called Redfern. This was a building with two platforms. It grew to 14 platforms before it was replaced by the station to the north of Devonshire Street. The new station was built on a site occupied by the Devonshire Street Cemetery, a convent, a female refuge, a police barracks, a parsonage. The remains exhumed from the cemetery were re-interred at several other Sydney cemeteries including Rookwood, bodies were moved to Botany by steam tram motors and flat cars. The present station was opened on 4 August 1906 and opening for passengers on 5 August 1906. The new station included the previous Mortuary railway station used to transport funeral parties to Rookwood Cemetery, the last train departed platform 5 of the 1874 station at midnight. During the remainder of that night, the concourse was demolished. The Western Mail arrived at 05,50 on 5 August 1906 at the new station, Devonshire Street, which separated the two stations, became a pedestrian underpass to allow people to cross the railway line and is now known by many as the Devonshire Street Tunnel. An 85. 6-metre-tall clock tower in the Free Classical style was added at the corner of the station. The clock was designed by Richard Lamb and Alfred Fairfax, the co-founders of Fairfax & Roberts, Central station was designed by the Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon. It is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register and the now defunct Register of the National Estate, a riot, dubbed the Battle of Central Station, took place in 1916. Soldiers rebelling against camp conditions had raided hotels in Liverpool and travelled to the city by commandeered trains, upon arrival at Central station, the rioters set about destroying the station facilities, and fire was exchanged between rampaging rioters and military police. One rioter was shot dead and several were injured, the only remaining evidence of the gun battle is a small bullet-hole in the marble by the entrance to platform 1
23.
Sydney Metro
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Sydney Metro is an automated rapid transit system under construction in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The first dedicated rapid transit line to be constructed is a link from Rouse Hill to Epping, planning work has commenced for Sydney Metro City & Southwest, an extension across Sydney Harbour and through the Central Business District, which will then take the trains to Bankstown. Construction is scheduled to commence in 2017, with the line to open in 2024, Sydney Metro West, a separate line between the Sydney CBD and Parramatta, is expected to open in the second half of the 2020s. Sydney will be the first Australian city to build a rapid transit system. Plans and projects involving a high speed, rapid transit railway in Sydney date at least back to 2008. Despite extensive plans for a network in the past, disputes over privatisation and funding had hampered government approval. In spite of getting the project off the ground, government approval for what was initially known as the North West Rail Link. Route extensions and a change to the Sydney Metro soon followed. He suggested that a number of metro lines—operationally independent from the existing network—should be constructed past 2020 due to capacity constraints and this was later dismissed by the New South Wales Government as only a shopping list of potential projects. The idea for a metro resurfaced in late 2007, when discussions about an underground Anzac Line took place within the NSW Government, the line would have run from West Ryde in Sydneys north-west to Malabar in the south-east, but did not come to fruition. In early 2008, following the shelving of various heavy rail expansion projects from the 2005 Metropolitan Rail Expansion Programme, expected to cost $12 billion, it would have linked Rouse Hill in Sydneys north-west with the CBD, with construction starting in 2010 and finishing in 2017. The construction of the North West Metro was however dependent on the privatisation of the electricity network and its replacement was the 9 km, $4 billion CBD Metro, a shortened route running from Rozelle in the inner-west and into the CBD through to Central. Construction was scheduled to start in 2010, like its predecessor, the CBD Metro was to have formed the central spine of a future metro network, with an planned West Metro extension to Westmead and Parramatta to be constructed soon after, subject to Federal funding. The Governments initial submission to Infrastructure Australia for funding was rejected to due a lack of integrated planning. It was later revealed that the cost had jumped from $4 billion to $5.3 billion in six months, the CBD Metro was cancelled in early 2010, after the Premier was deposed a few months before in 2009. The Government had spent almost $410 million on the project, the new Premier Kristina Keneally chose instead to focus on expansion of the existing heavy rail network, including the North West Rail Link and South West Rail Link. In mid-2012 the newly elected Coalition government announced Sydneys Rail Future, under this proposal, the North West Rail Link would be built as a single-deck, privately operated metro connecting to a future second harbour crossing. The new railway would cross Sydney Harbour, tunnel beneath the CBD, the system was officially renamed Sydney Metro in June 2015 following the passage of power privatisation bills
24.
States and territories of Australia
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Australia is a federation of six states, together with ten federal territories. The Australian mainland consists of five of the six federated states, the state of Tasmania is an island about 200 kilometers from the mainland. The remaining seven territories are classified for some purposes as external territories, aside from the Australian Antarctic Territory, which is Australias claim to part of Antarctica, Australia is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area. Since 2015, federal control has also extended to the formerly self-governing territory of Norfolk Island. Three of the territories are inhabited, the others are uninhabited. The term geographic Australia is used by the Australian government to describe the area covered by demographic statistics such as national population figures and this area comprises Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands in addition to the six states and three mainland territories. Norfolk Island is the territory with a native population that is not part of geographic Australia. Both territories were reincorporated as the Northern Territory at the end of this period, from 1923 to 1968, the United Nations Trust Territory of Nauru was under Australian administration, until independence as the Republic of Nauru. From 1949 to 1975, the Territory of Papua and New Guinea was a territory of Australia, the states originated as separate British colonies prior to Federation in 1901. Upon Federation, the six colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, the territories, by contrast, are from a constitutional perspective directly subject to the Commonwealth Government, laws for territories are determined by the Australian Parliament. Most of the territories are directly administered by the Commonwealth Government, in the self-governing territories, the Australian Parliament retains the full power to legislate, and can override laws made by the territorial institutions, which it has done on rare occasions. For the purposes of Australian intergovernmental bodies, the Northern Territory, each state has a Governor, appointed by the Queen, which by convention she does on the advice of the state Premier. The Administrator of the Northern Territory, by contrast, is appointed by the Governor-General, Jervis Bay Territory is the only non-self-governing internal territory. Until 1989, it was administered as if it were a part of the ACT, although residents of the Jervis Bay Territory are generally subject to laws made by the ACT Legislative Assembly, they are not represented in the Assembly. They are represented in the Parliament of Australia as part of the Electoral Division of Fraser in the ACT, in other respects, the territory is administered directly by the Federal Government through the Territories portfolio. The external territory of Norfolk Island possessed a degree of self-government from 1979 until 2015, each state has a bicameral parliament except Queensland, which abolished its upper house in 1922. The lower house is called the Legislative Assembly, except in South Australia and Tasmania, Tasmania is the only state to use proportional representation for elections to its lower house, all others elect members from single member constituencies, using preferential voting. The upper house is called the Legislative Council and is elected from multi-member constituencies using proportional representation
25.
Buses in Sydney
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Buses account for close to six per cent of trips each day in the Australian city of Sydney, New South Wales, forming a key part of the citys public transport system. The networks are part of Transport for NSWs Opal ticketing system, each route within these six networks is assigned to one of 14 contract regions. Each of these regions is assigned to either the Government-owned bus operator, at present, State Transit holds four regions, while nine private operators hold the other 10. In 2014-15,232 million passenger journeys were made on Sydneys bus networks, at the beginning of the 20th century, Sydneys public transport network was composed of a suburban railway and inner-city trams, both operated by the New South Wales Government Railways. These were complemented by various privately operated services on Sydney Harbour and the Parramatta River. The Railways experimented with a bus service from Potts Point to Darlinghurst in 1905, but the vehicles quickly proved unsatisfactory. The citys second bus route ran from Newport, in the north of the Northern Beaches district, to Manly and this was operated by the privately owned Manly-Pittwater Motor Omnibus Company. The company did not prosper, however, and the business was wound up in 1908, the return of servicemen from the Great War in the late 1910s provided fresh impetus to the motor omnibus industry. Here, suddenly, were thousands of men with experience working with heavy vehicles – all looking for work, in 1915, only 15 motorised buses were known to operate in Sydney. By 1929, the bus fleet numbered more than 600. A private bus industry, dominated by owner-operators and small businesses, was taking shape. The Railways were also restructured, with the tram system hived off into a new Department of Road Transport & Tramways in 1932, the Department introduced its first bus service, the 144 from St Leonards to Manly, on Christmas Day of that year. Langs reforms established a structure for the bus network that was to endure for close to a century. On the one hand, the Department – forerunner to todays State Transit Authority – began to shut down its trams and build a bus network serving the inner suburbs. On the other, the heavily regulated private operators remained small-scale, but Langs draconian Transport Act held at least one benefit for the bus companies, just as the trams were protected from them, so too were they protected from new entrants to the industry. The 144 was a service, connecting trains, trams. But the Departments focus began to shift inexorably towards building its bus network, two years later, tram services from Manly were replaced with buses. In 1948, a recommendation was handed to the Department that the network be replaced with buses
26.
Serco
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Serco Group plc is a British outsourcing company based in Hook, Hampshire. It operates public and private transport and traffic control, aviation, military weapons, detention centres, call centres, prisons, Serco has been involved in a variety of controversies having a history of problems, failures, fatal errors and overcharging. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE250 Index, Serco operates in Continental Europe, the Middle East, the Asia Pacific region and North America, but the majority of its turnover comes from the UK. Serco was founded in 1929 as RCA Services Limited, a United Kingdom division of the Radio Corporation of America, following the takeover of RCA by General Electric in late 1985, RCA Services Limited was bought out by its local management. It changed its name to Serco in 1987 and has been a London Stock Exchange listed company since 1988, on 29 December 2008, Serco acquired SI International. In November 2014 its share price, which stood at 674p before the scandal broke in 2013 collapsed to 218. 7p. The new chief executive Rupert Soames sold off scores of divisions, on 17 November 2014, it was announced that Alastair Lyons would resign from his position as chairman of Serco. Lyons referred to “operational mis-steps” for which he took “ultimate responsibility”, Serco made a loss of £991 million in 2014, reducing to a loss of £69.4 million in 2015. Sir Roy Gardner was appointed as Non-Executive Chairman on 28 May 2015, Serco, as well as its rival G4S, was accused of overcharging the Ministry of Justice on its contract to tag offenders. The firm issued a warning for 2014 as a result of the costs of becoming embroiled in an electronic tagging scandal. Serco repaid £68.5 million to the government for its overcharging on the contract and we Own It held a protest outside the companys annual general meeting on 8 May called Sick of Serco. The group brought sick bags and proposed a Public Service Users Bill that would provide better, Serco operates the National Border Targeting Centre for UK Visas and Immigration and provides the carrier gateway—the interface between carriers and the agency. Serco operates the Santander Cycles scheme and the NorthLink Ferries Northern Isles lifeline ferry service in Scotland, Serco also has a joint venture with Abellio, the international arm of Dutch national rail operator Nederlandse Spoorwegen, to operate passenger trains in the UK. Serco-Abellio has a 25-year concession for Merseyrail in Liverpool until 2028 and it previously operated the Docklands Light Railway. On 31 March 2015, Serco commenced a 15-year contract to operate the Caledonian Sleeper between London and Scotland, Serco managed the UKs National Physical Laboratory until 2015 and also provides IT Services, Industrial Support and Cryogenic Operations Support and Maintenance at CERN. Serco also was part of a running the National Nuclear Laboratory under contract. In Britain Serco supplies electronic tagging devices for offenders and asylum seekers and it runs four prisons, a Young Offenders Institution and a Secure Training Centre. It has also operated two Immigration Removal Centres since 2007, Serco is also responsible for the contracted-out court escort services in the south-east area
27.
Telecommunications device for the deaf
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A telecommunications device for the deaf is a teleprinter, an electronic device for text communication over a telephone line, that is designed for use by persons with hearing or speech difficulties. Other names for the device include teletypewriter, textphone, and minicom, the typical TDD is a device about the size of a typewriter or laptop computer with a QWERTY keyboard and small screen that uses an LED, LCD, or VFD screen to display typed text electronically. In addition, TDDs commonly have a spool of paper on which text is also printed – old versions of the device had only a printer. The text is transmitted live, via a line, to a compatible device. Special telephone services have developed to carry the TDD functionality even further. In certain countries there are systems in place so that a person can communicate with a hearing person on an ordinary voice phone using a human relay operator. There are also services, enabling people who can hear but cannot speak. The term TDD is sometimes discouraged because people who are deaf are increasingly using mainstream devices and technologies to carry out most of their communication, the devices described here were developed for use on the partially-analog Public Switched Telephone Network. They do not work well on the new internet protocol networks, thus as society increasingly moves toward IP based telecommunication, the telecommunication devices used by people who are deaf will not be TDDs. In the US for example, the use of the term TDD is discouraged to avoid confusion with these devices being referred to as TTYs. Furthermore, these were referred to by the TTY initialism. When computers had keyboard input mechanisms and page printer output, before CRT terminals came into use, the TDD concept was developed by James C. Marsters, a dentist and private pilot who became deaf as an infant because of scarlet fever, and Robert Weitbrecht. APCOM collected old teleprinter machines from the Department of Defense and junkyards, the entire configuration of teleprinter machine, acoustic coupler, and telephone set became known as the TTY. Weitbrecht invented the acoustic coupler modem in 1964, the actual mechanism for TTY communications was accomplished electro-mechanically through frequency shift keying allowing only half-duplex communication, where only one person at a time can transmit. During the late 1960s, Paul Taylor combined Western Union Teletype machines with modems to create teletypewriters and he distributed these early, non-portable devices to the homes of many in the deaf community in St. Louis, Missouri. He worked with others to establish a local telephone wake-up service, in the early 1970s, these small successes in St. Louis evolved into the nation’s first local telephone relay system for the deaf. The battery-powered MCM was invented and designed by a news anchor and interpreter, Kit Patrick Corson, in conjunction with Michael Cannon
28.
Sydney Metro Northwest
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Sydney Metro Northwest is a current project by the Government of New South Wales for a rapid transit link to the north-western suburbs of Sydney, Australia. Presently under construction, the Northwest Metro is being managed by Transport for New South Wales and is proposed to connect Rouse Hill to Chatswood via Castle Hill, prior to June 2015, the project was known as the North West Rail Link. Originally, North West Rail Link was meant to cover the section between Epping and Rouse Hill, in June 2015, it was announced that the entire project would be renamed the Sydney Metro Northwest, the first stage of the forthcoming Sydney Metro system. Planning for the original North West Rail Link was a long, the line was announced, cancelled and re-announced several times beginning in the 1990s. There were differing plans as to how the line would integrate into the rest of Sydneys transport system, main line rail connecting directly to the Epping to Chatswood line at Epping, with trains accessing the city via Macquarie Park. Rapid transit line from the north west to the city via the Inner West, Rapid transit line connecting to a modified Epping to Chatswood line at Epping. Trains terminate at Chatswood, with an extension to the city proposed for the future and this was the design which was ultimately selected. At the time, the proposal was for a $360 million heavy rail connection from Epping to Castle Hill, with extension to Mungerie Park. Delays in 2000 by the Carr Government in releasing a report on the proposal led to concern about the viability of the proposed route. This led to a deadlock between the State Government and Baulkham Hills Shire Council regarding construction of the $200 million Mungerie Park industrial and residential development at Kellyville. In response, the State Government threatened to remove the Councils planning powers for the Rouse Hill Development Area if planning approval was not granted. Member for the electorate of The Hills, Michael Richardson. The State Government had not responded to the request by 13 December 2000, well beyond the 21-day response limit, the State Government formally rejected the Freedom of Information request on 9 January 2001, despite acknowledging that release of the report would be in the public interest. As a result, the NSW Ombudsman began an investigation into NSW Transports refusal to release the report, the Action for Transport 2010 cost blowout was seen as the reason for the State Governments refusal to release the draft report into the North West rail link route. There was no mention of the link in the 2001 budget. A2002 NSW Treasury report mentioned the North West rail link, and that it was under development or investigation, on 10 March 2002, Transport Minister Carl Scully released a report detailing the preferred route alignment. The 19 km route was proposed to run from Epping to Mungerie Park at Rouse Hill via Castle Hill, the cost of construction was estimated at $1.4 billion. Public consultation on the proposal was conducted over eight weeks from 10 March to 3 May 2002, the consultation received 118 written submissions, 73% of which were in favour of the project proceeding, and only 5% strongly opposed the project
29.
Rapid transit
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Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems
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CBD and South East Light Rail
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The line will be part of Sydneys light rail network. Major construction commenced in October 2015, the project is being managed by Transport for NSW, a statutory authority of the New South Wales Government. Construction, operation and maintenance of the line is contracted to the ALTRAC Light Rail consortium, since the light rail networks original line opened in 1997, a line through the Sydney central business district had been suggested numerous times but failed to achieve State Government support. This changed in February 2010 when the Keneally Government announced a new line from Haymarket to Circular Quay via Barangaroo, the final route was not decided, with the three options being to send the line north via George Street, Sussex Street or a loop using both. When the OFarrell Government took office in March 2011, it committed to building a line through the CBD to Barangaroo and it also committed to conducting feasibility studies into the construction of lines from the City to Sydney University and the City to the University of New South Wales. On 8 December 2011, the government announced shortlisted potential routes for these extensions, in 2012, Transport for NSW decided the routes to Sydney University and Barangaroo via The Rocks provided fewer customer benefits and were considered a lower priority. A route from Circular Quay to the University of New South Wales via Central station was seen as the best option, construction was expected to begin in 2014 and to take five to six years. The line services areas that were served by Sydneys former tram network. Some of the new route follows tram lines of the former network, the route is mostly on-street but includes an off-street section through Moore Park. The only major engineering works on the line are a new bridge over the Eastern Distributor, there will be between 8 and 10 new traffic light controlled intersections created along the route. Several changes to the design were announced in December 2014 and it was also announced that the projected cost had increased from $1.6 billion to $2.2 billion. A pedestrian zone will be established along approximately 40% of George Street, the section between Bathurst Street and Circular Quay will be wire-free. This was originally to have achieved by equipping the trams with batteries. This was changed to the proprietary ground-level power supply technology of the tram supplier, the line is designed to handle special events in the Moore Park precinct and at Royal Randwick Racecourse. Events at Moore Park were initially planned to be served using two coupled trams 90 metres long, with double length platforms at the Central Station and Moore Park stops. Following the decision to increase the length of the trams to 67 metres, a depot for the trams will be built at the north-western corner of Royal Randwick Racecourse, providing stabling facilities and allowing light maintenance. Heavy maintenance will be conducted at the former Rozelle railway yard at Lilyfield, a contract for early construction works was awarded to Laing ORourke in July 2014. Balfour Beatty was reportedly concerned about cost overruns for the project, on 23 October 2014, Connecting Sydney was announced as the preferred bidder
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Light rail
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Light rail, light rail transit or fast tram is urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right-of-way. A few light rail networks tend to have closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail. Other light rail networks are tram-like in nature and partially operate on streets, Light rail systems are found throughout the world, on all inhabited continents. They have been popular in recent years due to their lower capital costs. The term light rail was coined in 1972 by the U. S, Urban Mass Transportation Administration to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany the term Stadtbahn was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt the direct translation, however, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of intended for light loads and fast movement, the infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The Transportation Research Board defined light rail in 1977 as a mode of urban transportation utilizing predominantly reserved, electrically propelled rail vehicles operate singly or in trains. LRT provides a range of passenger capabilities and performance characteristics at moderate costs. Light rail is a generic international English phrase for these types of rail systems, the use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English. The word trolley is used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States. A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams except Blackpool after World War II, when these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both the old and new systems. Conventional rail technologies including high-speed, freight, commuter/regional, and metro/subway/elevated urban transit systems are considered heavy rail, people movers and personal rapid transit are even lighter, at least in terms of capacity. Monorail is a technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. Due to varying definitions, it is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail, a system described as light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called light rail are in very similar to rapid transit, in recent years. Some light rail systems, such as Sprinter, bear little similarity to urban rail, in the United States, light rail has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. There is a significant difference in cost between these different classes of light rail transit, tram-like systems are often less expensive than metro-like systems by a factor of two or more
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Newcastle Light Rail
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The Newcastle Light Rail is a proposed Australian light rail line in Newcastle, New South Wales, running from Newcastle Interchange through the central business district to Pacific Park. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2017 and finish in 2019, the network will be controlled by the New South Wales Governments transport authority, Transport for NSW, and will be part of the authoritys Opal ticketing system. For decades the Newcastle railway line had been seen by some as an impediment to the redevelopment of Newcastles central business district with many proposals for its closure. In December 2012, the Government of New South Wales announced its intention to close the line east of Wickham with the closure of Wickham, Civic, the line closed between Hamilton and Newcastle stations on 25 December 2014, with a new Newcastle Interchange to open in late-2017. Two options were put forward for the rail route - reusing the heavy rail corridor or using an on-street route. In May 2014, it was announced a light rail line would be using a predominately on-street route. About 500 m of the rail corridor east of Wickham station will be reused, before the light rail proceeds along Scott. The decision to use a predominately on-street route drew mixed reactions, in December 2014, the Government announced that Newcastle City Council would have the final say in determining any future development in the former rail corridor. The replacement of the rail line with light rail has also been controversial. Several newspapers in the Hunter region led a campaign to retain the rail link. Newcastle City Council was initially supportive of the rail project. In August 2015 Transport for NSW put out a tender for a technical advisor to assist in the development of this project, registrations of interest for companies to design and construct the Newcastle Light Rail were called in January 2016. In December 2014 it was estimated construction would commence in late 2015. In April 2016 it was stated that construction would start in 2017. Establishment of a site office commenced in February 2017, major construction is expected to start around the middle of the year. A list of stops along the route was released in April 2016, stops proposed are, Newcastle Interchange, Honeysuckle, Civic, Crown Street, Market Street and Pacific Park. Each light rail vehicle will carry at least 100 passengers and frequency will be every 10 minutes at peak times, in April 2016 CPB Contractors, Downer Group, John Holland, Laing ORourke and McConnell Dowell were shortlisted to bid for the contract to build the infrastructure. Downer was awarded the contract in August, in November 2015, the Government announced its intention to incorporate the Newcastle Light Rail and Newcastle Buses & Ferries into a new organisation called Transport for Newcastle
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Western Sydney Airport
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The Western Sydney Airport is a designated site for the second Sydney airport, located within the suburb of Badgerys Creek. The Airport is a planned 24 hour, curfew-free airport, the site was officially designated by the Federal Government on 15 April 2014, after decades of debate on the location of another airport within the Sydney basin. The site of the airport is situated 44 kilometres west of the Sydney CBD and 41 km west of the Kingsford Smith Airport. The site is located within 7 kilometres to the Blue Mountains National Park and lies 11 kilometres east to Warragamba Dam, the site is within the City of Liverpool local government area and consists of approximately 1,700 hectares of Commonwealth land that was acquired between 1986 and 1991. The airport is legislated for construction via the Commonwealth Governments Airports Act 1996, the airport will be developed and operated under the Airports Act 1996. On 19 October 2015, the draft Environmental Impact Statement was released by the coalition government and this Statement outlined the proposed flight paths for Western Sydney Airport from initial opening in mid 2020s to 2050 for future flight paths for an international expansion. In the final EIS, the plans were still unclear. The flight paths in use from commencement of the operations are not in the EIS. The site at Badgerys Creek was chosen because it was considered the site by successive studies including an environmental impact statement that was completed in 1999. It is planned that the airport will be built in phases with the construction phase building a smaller airport with a single runway. The cost of the development has been estimated at A$2.4 billion. The government plans the initial phase would be complete and operational by 2025 and it is believed the initial phase, with only one runway, would be favourable for budget airlines and airlines offering point to point travel. The airport will not have a curfew, as the existing Sydney Airport now does. With the designation of site as the location of Sydneys Second Airport, announcements were made on new and upgraded transport links to the airport and it is likely the rail connection to the airport would consist of an extension to the South West Rail Link from Leppington. In October 2015, Malcolm Turnbull - who had become Prime Minister the previous month - indicated that the Badgerys Creek Airport would need both road and rail links to Sydney. A scoping study into rail investment to service Western Sydney and the Western Sydney Airport was announced in November 2015, the study is jointly managed by the state and federal governments. A discussion paper was released in September 2016, the paper proposed various options that could provide a rail link to the airport, The site of the planned airport is presently serviced by bus. As at April 2014, route 801 connects Badgerys Creek to Liverpool while route 789 runs between Luddenham and Penrith, the site of the proposed airport is an area of undulating low-lying hills with several small watercourses and lakes
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Transport hub
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A transport hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or between transport modes. Public transport hubs include train stations, rapid transit stations, bus stops, tram stop, airports, freight hubs include classification yards, airports, seaports and truck terminals, or combinations of these. For private transport, the parking lot functions as a hub, delta Air Lines pioneered the hub and spoke system for aviation in 1955 from its hub in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, in an effort to compete with Eastern Air Lines. FedEx adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s, when the United States airline industry was deregulated in 1978, Deltas hub and spoke paradigm was annexed by several airlines. Several airlines around the world operate hub and spoke systems, sections of city streets that are devoted to functioning as transit hubs are referred to as transit malls. Modern electronic passenger information systems and journey planners require a digital representation of the stops, airports have a twofold hub function. First they concentrate passenger traffic into one place for onward transportation and this makes it important for airports to be connected to the surrounding transport infrastructure, including roads, bus services, railway and rapid transit systems. Secondly some airports function as hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs. Airlines have extended the model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis and this reduces the need to travel long distances between nodes that are close together. Another method is to use focus cities to implement point-to-point service for high traffic routes, there are usually three kinds of freight hubs, sea-road, sea-rail and road-rail, though they can also be sea-road-rail. With the growth of containerization, intermodal freight transport has become more efficient, central station Infrastructure security Intermodal Journey Planner Junction Layover Spoke-hub distribution paradigm
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East Hills railway line
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The East Hills railway line serves the southern and south-western suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The line opened to East Hills in 1931 and was extended to connect to the Main South line in 1987, most services along the line form part of the Airport, Inner West & South Line operated by Sydney Trains. The East Hills line branches from the Illawarra line at Wolli Creek Junction, from Wolli Creek, the line heads west towards East Hills, where the alignment is within 2 km of the since-constructed M5 South Western Motorway. It then turns south-west through the new suburbs of Voyager Point, the line is four tracks between Wolli Creek junction and Revesby station, then two tracks to Glenfield junction. The bridge over the Georges River at East Hills, opened in 1987, is the only significant engineering structure on the line, proposals for a line to East Hills were first raised after World War 1 as an extension of the existing line at Bankstown. In 1923, the Railway Department put forward a proposal for a railway from Tempe to Salt Pan Creek to serve the town of Dumbleton. Residents west of Salt Pan Creek petitioned the government to extend the line to East Hills, a ceremony at Padstow Park commemorating the turning of the first sod by the then-Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang was held in September 1927. The initial line was to be double track between Tempe and Kingsgrove and single track beyond, although earthworks were to allow future easy duplication of the entire route, electrification was also to end at Kingsgrove. Construction began in 1927 with the employment of 400 workers, Station names were announced in November 1929. They were largely the same as used today with the exception of Dumbleton. The first section to Kingsgrove opened on 21 September 1931 as a double track line from Wolli Creek Junction on the Illawarra line to Kingsgrove. The second section, a single-track non-electrified extension to East Hills, was opened on 19 December 1931 by the then-Minister for Local Government James McGirr in a ceremony at East Hills, points to reverse trains were provided at Kingsgrove, and a passing loop was provided at Herne Bay. Services on this section were by CPH railmotor, supplemented by steam trains from Central in peak hours. Some electric services from Kingsgrove operated through to St James station, however most terminated at Tempe, connecting with Illawarra line services to, complete through service commenced in 1937. The single line between Kingsgrove and East Hills was opened for services on 17 December 1939. The line was duplicated between Kingsgrove and Riverwood in 1948, with points for terminating trains provided at stations, and a passing loop at Revesby was opened in 1956. Services generally ran all stations from East Hills via Tempe and Sydenham, occasional services terminated at Riverwood, Kingsgrove and Padstow. Most trains stopped at Erskineville and St Peters, now served by the Bankstown line
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Rail Clearways Program
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The disparate projects at pinch points throughout the network were designed to increase capacity and improve reliability. All projects were delivered by the Transport Construction Authority until it was subsumed in November 2011 by Transport for New South Wales. Following the introduction of a new timetable in October 2013 that realised the benefit of many of the projects, the safety regime introduced after this crash required drivers to stick to the speed limit, which often caused delays due to the expectations of the timetable for higher speeds. A slower, more realistic, timetable was introduced in September 2005, the Clearways Program was intended to be the next step in improving on time performance. The Clearways Program aimed to divide the networks fourteen metropolitan rail lines into five independent clearways reducing the heavily interwoven nature of the Sydney system and this was intended to isolate incidents to one part of the network so other clearways would still run as scheduled, increasing on time performance. The clearways feed the existing lines through the Central Business District, as the Carlingford Line does not run through the CBD, it was not included in any of the clearway routes. However, a Carlingford line upgrade was included in the program. The Cumberland Line is spread across Clearways 4 and 5, the five clearways routes are, This route did not change from the pre-clearways Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line. The projects undertaken on this route have increased capacity, the Airport line would be served by slower East Hills line trains from Clearway 4. Under the plan, St Peters and Erskineville railway stations were expected to continue to be served by the Bankstown line and this would have required platforms, partially completed in the 1970s as part of the Eastern Suburbs line construction, to have been activated at these two stations. The works were cancelled in November 2008, and the plan for frequent operation of express East Hills line services via Sydenham was abandoned. A second Bankstown line project involved the construction of a new platform at Lidcombe. This works in concert with the Homebush turnback project, which provides a point for all stations trains on the Airport. This separation was enacted in the October 2013 timetable and this was to allow more frequent express services to the City, relieve pressure on other parts of the network and improve the distribution of passengers. After passing through the City Circle, trains would have headed south-west via the Airport to Revesby, in the October 2013 timetable these two clearways were merged to create the Airport, Inner West & South Line. In the 2013 timetable most trains from Macarthur via Revesby use the tracks between Revesby and Wolli Creek and make a number of stops along the route. These trains approach the City via the Airport, the North West Clearway provides an independent corridor for the North Shore, Northern & Western Line to improve reliability and capacity. Trains from the west start from the Richmond, Penrith or Epping branches, meet up at Strathfield, here trains split, either continuing up the North Shore line to Berowra, or via the Chatswood to Epping line to Hornsby
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Liverpool railway station
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Liverpool railway station is located on the Main South line, serving the Sydney suburb of Liverpool. It is served by Sydney Trains T2 Inner West & South, T3 Bankstown, the town of Liverpool on the Georges River was one of the earliest settlements of the colony of New South Wales. The station opened on 26 September 1856 and was a terminus of the Main South line. Immediately north of Liverpool station, a branch line crossed the Georges River. The pylons for the bridge over the river have been reused to provide a pedestrian walkway, in 1929, the line from Central was electrified. Liverpool remained the point for electric services until the wires were extended to Campbelltown in 1968. It was also a point for regional services until the 1990s. In 1965, one person was killed and three were injured when a train collided with a stationary electric passenger train at Liverpool station. The Southern Sydney Freight Line passes to the east of the station, around the same time, a new platform for southbound services was constructed as part of the Rail Clearways Program. Platform 4 opened in January 2014, previously platform 2 was the main southbound platform with platform 3 used for turnbacks. Platforms 1 and 4 serve the Airport, Inner West & South and Cumberland lines, Liverpool railway station has a busy bus station opened in 2000 attached to it. Local bus services are operated by Interline, Transdev NSW and Transit Systems Sydney and it is also a calling point for some Greyhound Australia services to and from Canberra. Media related to Liverpool railway station at Wikimedia Commons Liverpool station details Sydney Trains
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Dulwich Hill Line
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The Dulwich Hill Line, is a light rail line in Sydney, New South Wales Australia running from Central railway station through the Inner West to Dulwich Hill. The 23-stop,12. 8-kilometre route is the only light rail line in Sydney. Most of the line is built on the path of the former Metropolitan Goods railway line, operation and maintenance of the line is contracted to the ALTRAC Light Rail consortium by Transport for New South Wales, a statutory authority of the New South Wales Government. Services on the line are operated by Transdev Sydney as a member of ALTRAC Light Rail, most of the alignment of the Dulwich Hill Line had its origins as the Metropolitan Goods railway line. From the time when the Sydney Railway Company was formed in 1848, to this end, a railway line was constructed between the Sydney Railway Station and Darling Harbour, which opened on 26 September 1855. This line was extended to Dulwich Hill via Lilyfield in 1922, a short branch from Lilyfield to Rozelle served another freight terminal. The port closed and the area was redeveloped in the 1980s, construction and conversion of the first section of line from Central station to Wentworth Park started on 25 January 1996 and took 16 months to complete. The original route opened for operation with a limited 09,00 to 17,00 service on 11 August 1997 with three weeks of testing. The official public opening was conducted by State Premier Bob Carr on 31 August 1997, buoyed by the success of the original line, a 3. 6-kilometre, four stop extension of the route opened on 13 August 2000. This saw the light rail reach Lilyfield, which was then the limit of the section of the goods line. Work to upgrade the track and remove the overhead wiring began in August 2010, the project received planning approval in February 2011. The Greenway walking and cycling path which was to run much of the route was deferred. The new government blamed hasty planning by their predecessor for the delay and cost overruns, the extension opened on 27 March 2014. A further closure will be required to install a junction between the two lines, the connection will be used by trams of the CBD and South East line to access a maintenance facility at Lilyfield. In March 1994 the Sydney Light Rail Company was formed, the service was originally operated by TNT Transit Systems. In August 1998 Sydney Light Rails investors formed a joint venture named CGEA Transport Sydney to purchase TNT Transit Systems, the shareholders in CGEA Transport Sydney were CGEA Transport, Australian Infrastructure Fund, Utility Trust of Australia and Legal & General. Following this purchase, operations of both the rail and the monorail became subsidiaries of Metro Transport Sydney, which then contracted out the day-to-day operations to Transdev. In March 2012, Metro Transport Sydney was purchased by the Government of New South Wales, the line operated without serious incident until 7 October 2013, when two trams derailed within the space of 20 minutes
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Monorail
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A monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail. The term is used to describe the beam of the system. Colloquially, the monorail is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track, not its elevation, with Mono meaning one, monorails have found applications in airport transfer and medium capacity metros. To differentiate monorails from other modes, the Monorail Society says “Monorail n. A single rail serving as a track for passenger or freight vehicles, in most cases rail is elevated, but monorails can also run at grade, below grade or in subway tunnels. Vehicles either are suspended from or straddle a narrow guide way. Monorail vehicles are wider than the way that supports them. ”Monorails are often elevated, sometimes leading to confusion with other elevated systems such as the Docklands Light Railway, Vancouver SkyTrain and the AirTrain JFK. Monorail vehicles often appear similar to light vehicles, and can be staffed or unstaffed. They can be individual rigid vehicles, articulated single units, or multiple units coupled into trains, unlike some trams and light rail systems, modern monorails are always separated from other traffic and pedestrians. From the passengers perspective, monorails can have advantages over trains, buses. As with other grade-separated transit systems, monorails avoid red lights, intersection turns, as with other elevated transit systems, monorail passengers enjoy sunlight and views and by watching for familiar landmarks, they can know better when to get off to reach their destinations. As with other systems, expensive and noisy ventilation systems are not necessary if the cars have traditional windows that can be opened by passengers, monorails can be quieter than diesel buses and trains. They obtain electricity from the structure, eliminating costly and unsightly overhead power lines and poles. Compared to the train systems of New York, Chicago and elsewhere. See Chicago L Under the Monorail Society beam width criterion, some but not all systems are considered monorails, such as the Transrapid. Maglevs differ from other monorails in that they do not physically contact the beam, the first monorail prototype was made in Russia in 1820 by Ivan Elmanov. Attempts at creating monorail alternatives to conventional railways have been made since the part of the 19th century
