1.
Rome
–
Rome is a special comune and the capital of Italy. Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region, with 2,873,598 residents in 1,285 km2, it is also the countrys largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. It is the center of the Metropolitan City of Rome, which has a population of 4.3 million residents, the city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio, along the shores of the Tiber. Romes history spans more than 2,500 years, while Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at only around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied sites in Europe. The citys early population originated from a mix of Latins, Etruscans and it was first called The Eternal City by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression was also taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy. Rome is also called the Caput Mundi, due to that, Rome became first one of the major centres of the Italian Renaissance, and then the birthplace of both the Baroque style and Neoclassicism. Famous artists, painters, sculptors and architects made Rome the centre of their activity, in 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic. Rome has the status of a global city, Rome ranked in 2014 as the 14th-most-visited city in the world, 3rd most visited in the European Union, and the most popular tourist attraction in Italy. Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, monuments and museums such as the Vatican Museums and the Colosseum are among the worlds most visited tourist destinations with both locations receiving millions of tourists a year. Rome hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics and is the seat of United Nations Food, however, it is a possibility that the name Romulus was actually derived from Rome itself. As early as the 4th century, there have been alternate theories proposed on the origin of the name Roma. There is archaeological evidence of occupation of the Rome area from approximately 14,000 years ago. Evidence of stone tools, pottery and stone weapons attest to about 10,000 years of human presence, several excavations support the view that Rome grew from pastoral settlements on the Palatine Hill built above the area of the future Roman Forum. Between the end of the age and the beginning of the Iron age. However, none of them had yet an urban quality, nowadays, there is a wide consensus that the city was gradually born through the aggregation of several villages around the largest one, placed above the Palatine. All these happenings, which according to the excavations took place more or less around the mid of the 8th century BC. Despite recent excavations at the Palatine hill, the view that Rome has been indeed founded with an act of will as the legend suggests in the middle of the 8th century BC remains a fringe hypothesis. Traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth
Rome
Rome
Rome
Rome
2.
Italy
–
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world
Italy
–
The
Colosseum in Rome, built c. 70 – 80 AD, is considered one of the greatest works of
architecture and
engineering of ancient history.
Italy
–
Flag
Italy
–
The
Iron Crown of Lombardy, for centuries symbol of the
Kings of Italy.
Italy
–
Castel del Monte, built by German Emperor
Frederick II,
UNESCO World Heritage site
3.
Rome Metro
–
The Rome Metro is an underground public transportation system that operates in Rome, Italy. The network opened in 1955, making it the oldest in the country, the Metro comprises three lines – Line A, Line B and Line C – which operate on 60.0 kilometres of route, serving 73 stations. The original lines in the system, Lines A and B, form an X shape with the lines intersecting at Termini Station, Line B splits at the Bologna station into two branches. While Line C opened in 2014, it is not yet connected to the rest of the Metro network, plans have also been announced for a fourth line. Romes local transport provider, ATAC, operates the Rome Metro and several rail services, the Roma–Lido line, the Roma-Giardinetti line. The first of these, the Roma–Lido, which connects Rome to Ostia and it is run on similar lines and uses trains similar to those in service on the Metro. The Roma–Giardinetti line, although designated as a railway, is actually a narrow-gauge tram line while the Roma–Nord line is a suburban railway. Line A runs from the suburbs of Rome, then along the northeast section of downtown. It connects with Line B at Termini Station, along many other national and regional rail services. It has 27 stations, with terminals at Battistini and Anagnina and it is identified by the colour orange. Line A was the line built in Rome. Approval was given for the construction of the second metro line in 1959. Work on Line A began in 1964 in the Tuscolana area, above all, the originally planned method of construction, the cut and cover, posed serious problems for road traffic in south-east Rome. Work was also interrupted by archaeological finds made during the excavations. Line A entered service in February 1980, in the late 1990s it was extended from Ottaviano, in the Prati district, to Battistini to the west. Line B was the first Metro line in Rome, Line B connects the north-east of the city with the south-west. It has 26 stations with terminals at Rebibbia, Jonio and Laurentina and it is identified by the colour blue. Transfers are available with Line A and other services at Termini Station
Rome Metro
–
A S300 train at Conca d'Oro station
Rome Metro
–
A train of the Roma-Giardinetti line
Rome Metro
–
Montebello station of the Roma-Civitacastellana-Viterbo line
Rome Metro
–
Commuter rail
4.
Rapid transit
–
Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems
Rapid transit
–
The
New York City Subway is the world's largest rapid transit system by
track length and by number of
stations, at 469.
Rapid transit
–
The
Moscow Metro is
one of the busiest metro systems in the world and is the busiest in Europe.
Rapid transit
–
Metro M1 kit on
line C in
Prague Metro
Rapid transit
–
Line 2 subway train in Toronto
5.
Roma Termini station
–
Roma Termini is the main railway station of Rome, Italy. It is named after the district of the name, which in turn took its name from ancient Baths of Diocletian. The station has train services to all major Italian cities, as well as daily international services to Munich, Geneva. With 33 platforms and over 150 million passengers each year, Roma Termini is the second largest railway station in Europe after Paris Gare du Nord, Termini is also the main hub for public transport inside Rome. Both current Rome Metro lines intersect at Termini metro station, and a bus station is located at Piazza dei Cinquecento. However, the tram lines of the city cross at Porta Maggiore. On 23 December 2006, the station was dedicated to Pope John Paul II, on 25 February 1863, Pope Pius IX opened the first, temporary Termini Station as the terminus of the Rome–Frascati, Rome–Civitavecchia and Rome-Ceprano lines. The dilapidated Villa Montalto-Peretti, erected in the 16th Century by Pope Sixtus V, was chosen as the site for new station. It was laid out according to a plan by the architect Salvatore Bianchi, the front of this station reached Via Cavour, which means it stuck some 200 metres deeper into the city than the current station. In 1937, it was decided to replace the old station, as part of the planning for the 1942 Worlds Fair, the old station was demolished, and part of the new station was constructed, but works were halted in 1943 as the Italian fascist government collapsed. The side structures of the design by Angiolo Mazzoni del Grande are still part of the current-day station, the building is characterized by the linear lobby hall, a tall space of monumental dimensions. This great hall is fronted by full height glass walls, and is covered with a roof that consists of a flattened and segmented arch. The vault is structurally integrated with a canopy that extends over the entrance drive. The end result is a gravity-defying modernist structure that recalls a similar achievement of Roman architecture. Its bold presence in the urban fabric expresses the diversity of the Citys history, the anodized aluminium frieze panels set in sequence along the length of the glass wall are the work of artist Amerigo Tot. The composition is about capturing the dynamics in sound and speed of a train, a length of the early Roman Servian Wall is preserved outside the station
Roma Termini station
–
Roma Termini
Roma Termini station
–
Façade of the first permanent Termini station, circa 1890. The
obelisk on the right, a memorial to Italian casualties in
battle of Dogali, is now in a nearby street, via delle Terme di Diocleziano.
Roma Termini station
–
Overview
6.
Trams in Rome
–
The current Rome tram system is a leftover from what once was the largest tram system in Italy. With its fragmented structure, it does not currently function as a backbone of the public transport. The system is owned and operated by Agenzia per i Trasporti Autoferrotranviari del Comune di Roma, the key node of the tram network in Rome is Porta Maggiore, where four out of six lines meet, as well as the Rome-Giardinetti railway. This is about 1 km east of Roma Termini railway station, some runs of the 2 on weekdays run from Piazza Mancini to Piazza Risorgimento, running with the 19 across the Tevere to the Vatican. 3 Piazza Thorvaldsen ↔ Trastevere railway station, partially reopened on 27 August 2012. This is the longest line after line 19, going round the city centre in an arc from north via east to south-west. At the western endpoint Trastevere railway station, this line connects with the Regional railways, while connections with Metro A are at Manzoni and San Giovanni. There are four connections with metro Line B, one at Policlinico, the remainder of the line from the Roma Trastevere railway station to Piazzale Ostiense is still served by s substituted bus service, the 3B, pending the completion of infrastructural works. On August 8th,2016, the service was restored on this last segment. Line 3 now runs on its original route. 5 Roma Termini railway station ↔ Piazza dei Gerani and this line runs east from Termini railway station. It connects with line A at Termini metro station, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II,8 Piazza Venezia ↔ Via del Casaletto. Line 8 is the newest line of the system, always running with modern stock and it also reaches furthest into the historic city centre, connecting it with Trastevere railway station. Work on an extension began on June 19,2012 and the new terminus, located in piazza Venezia,14 Stazione Termini ↔ Viale Palmiro Togliatti This line mostly follows the route of line 5, but with a different eastern terminus. 19 Piazza Risorgimento ↔ Piazza dei Gerani and this line connects the Vatican with the rest of the tram network, following the route of first line 3, and then line 5. It connects with the metro at Ottaviano – San Pietro – Musei Vaticani, Lepanto, Line 19 is the longest line, connecting with all other tram lines, except for line 8. Rome had horse buses after 1845, when pope Gregory XVI authorized a line from Piazza Venezia to the Basilica di San Paolo fuori le mura to transport pilgrims and this first line did not run according to a timetable, trams left when they were full. Horse trams arrived in 1877, connecting Piazzale Flaminio with the Ponte Milvio, in 1895, electric trams arrived, connecting Termini station to Piazza San Silvestro
Trams in Rome
–
Trams in Rome
Trams in Rome
–
Older tram near Porta Maggiore 2010
Trams in Rome
–
Modern stock on line 8 at the old terminus located at Largo di Torre Argentina.
Trams in Rome
–
Motorcars MRS 2055, 2219 and 2221 at Piazzale Flaminio, 1996.
7.
Lazio regional railways
–
The FL lines, formerly Lazio regional railways consist of 8 commuter rail lines operated by Trenitalia, converging on the city of Rome. The lines FL1, FL2 and FL3, particularly in areas closer to Rome, function like a transit service, integrated with the Rome Metro. The other lines are served by regional trains, and used almost exclusively for commuter traffic. All eight lines are considered regional trains by Trenitalia, on timetables and departure boards at the stations the trains are marked with the letter R. The numbering of the lines only in some informational materials. However, in the ATAC network, the numbering appears in all network maps.90 € ticket. The Anello and the Metrebus Rome tickets are valid within Rome, bounded by the stations, Capannelle, Cesano di Roma, Fiera di Roma, Lunghezza, Roma Aurelia, Settebagni. For all trips that take place outside the Anello ring, or that cross through the ring, history of rail transport in Italy List of railway stations in Lazio Rail transport in Italy Transport in Rome Paolo Blasimme, Il treno-metrò di Roma. G. De Grisantis, Il servizio urbano FS a Roma, marcello Cruciani, Roma per i suoi pendolari. Media related to Ferrovie Regionali del Lazio at Wikimedia Commons
Lazio regional railways
–
FL lines
Lazio regional railways
–
Commuter rail
8.
Trenitalia
–
Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. Trenitalia is owned by Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, itself owned by the Italian Government, the Italian government formed Trenitalia to comply with European regulations. The European Commissions First Railway Directive from 1991 prohibited that the railway company manage the rail infrastructure. On 1 June 2000, therefore, Italy created Trenitalia as the rail transportation company. However, the separation was only formal, since both are subsidiaries of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane holding and are owned wholly by the government, Trenitalia offers national rail transport in Italy and international connections to Austria, France, Germany, and Switzerland. The company operates regional and long-distance trains. Regional trains travel within an Italian region or between neighboring Italian regions, Trains usually stop at all stations at most, thus connecting small centres to cities. Regionale veloce are trains stopping at about half of station stations at most, there are no reservations for regional trains, and for this reason, there is no price advantage to acquiring regional tickets in advance online. Once bought, tickets for trains have to be validated at the station before departure. Validation in this case means placing a stamp on the ticket by inserting into a green. This is done because regional tickets are not for a date or time but are valid for a period. The date/time stamp is to show that the ticket cannot be reused, from 1 August 2016, tickets are valid for the 24 hours chosen by online buyers, the date of use can be changed until the previous 24 hours of the later date. The date of use can be anticipated until the 24 hours following this adjusting operation, the omission about the period of use at paper shops will involve a one-way daily ticket issue. This change aims to hinder fare evasion, there are no discount schemes available for non-residents of Italy on regional trains. Long-distance trains are of mainly of two types, the Frecce and Intercity trains, Intercity trains also serve medium-sized cities besides the big cities, thus are generally slower but are cheaper than the Frecce. Night trains operate mainly between north and south of Italy and between Italy and its neighbouring countries and are comparable to Intercity level, there are currently four generations of ElettroTreno in service on the network. Trenitalia ordered 50 high speed trainsets in 2010, new trains will be ETR1000 series. They will be 200 metres long, non-articulated trains, with distributed traction, mauro Moretti, chief executive of FS group, said FS was considering long-distance international services to France, Germany, or even Spain and the UK
Trenitalia
–
Trenitalia Minuetto regional train
Trenitalia
–
Trenitalia SpA
Trenitalia
–
Frecciabianca High-Speed train
Trenitalia
–
Frecciargento High-Speed train
9.
Light rail
–
Light rail, light rail transit or fast tram is urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right-of-way. A few light rail networks tend to have closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail. Other light rail networks are tram-like in nature and partially operate on streets, Light rail systems are found throughout the world, on all inhabited continents. They have been popular in recent years due to their lower capital costs. The term light rail was coined in 1972 by the U. S, Urban Mass Transportation Administration to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany the term Stadtbahn was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt the direct translation, however, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of intended for light loads and fast movement, the infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The Transportation Research Board defined light rail in 1977 as a mode of urban transportation utilizing predominantly reserved, electrically propelled rail vehicles operate singly or in trains. LRT provides a range of passenger capabilities and performance characteristics at moderate costs. Light rail is a generic international English phrase for these types of rail systems, the use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English. The word trolley is used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States. A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams except Blackpool after World War II, when these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both the old and new systems. Conventional rail technologies including high-speed, freight, commuter/regional, and metro/subway/elevated urban transit systems are considered heavy rail, people movers and personal rapid transit are even lighter, at least in terms of capacity. Monorail is a technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. Due to varying definitions, it is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail, a system described as light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called light rail are in very similar to rapid transit, in recent years. Some light rail systems, such as Sprinter, bear little similarity to urban rail, in the United States, light rail has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. There is a significant difference in cost between these different classes of light rail transit, tram-like systems are often less expensive than metro-like systems by a factor of two or more
Light rail
–
Los Angeles 's mass transit expansion has been driven in large part by light rail
Light rail
–
Utah Transit Authority 's
TRAX Is one of the fastest growing light rail systems in America
Light rail
–
Edmonton Light Rail Transit in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was the first modern LRT line in North America
Light rail
–
The
METRO Blue Line light rail in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
10.
Commuter rail
–
Trains operate following a schedule, at speeds varying from 50 to 200 km/h. Distance charges or zone pricing may be used and they primarily serve lower density suburban areas, and often share right-of-way with intercity or freight trains. Some services operate only during peak hours and others uses fewer departures during off peak hours, average speeds are high, often 50 km/h or higher. These higher speeds better serve the longer distances involved, some services include express services which skip some stations in order to run faster and separate longer distance riders from short-distance ones. The general range of commuter trains distance varies between 15 and 200 km, sometimes long distances can be explained by that the train runs between two or several cities. Distances between stations may vary, but are much longer than those of urban rail systems. In city centers the train either has a station or passes through the city centre with notably fewer station stops than those of urban rail systems. Toilets are often available on trains and in stations. Their ability to coexist with freight or intercity services in the same right-of-way can drastically reduce system construction costs, however, frequently they are built with dedicated tracks within that right-of-way to prevent delays, especially where service densities have converged in the inner parts of the network. Most such trains run on the standard gauge track. Some light rail systems may run on a narrower gauge, some countries, including Finland, India, Pakistan, Russia, Brazil and Sri Lanka, as well as San Francisco in the USA and Melbourne and Adelaide in Australia, use broad gauge track. The fact that the terminology is not standardised across countries further complicates matters, most S-bahns typically behave like commuter rail with most trackage not separated from other trains, and long lines with trains running between cities and suburbs rather than within a city. The distances between stations however, are usually short, in larger systems there is usually a high frequency metro-like central corridor in the city center where all the lines converge into. Typical examples of large city S-Bahns include Munich and Frankfurt, S-Bahns do also exist in some mid-size cities like Rostock and Magdeburg but behave more like typical commuter rail with lower frequencies and very little exclusive trackage. A similar network exists in Copenhagen called the S-tog, in Hamburg and Copenhagen, other, diesel driven trains, do continue where the S-Bahn ends. Regional rail usually provides rail services between towns and cities, rather than purely linking major population hubs in the way inter-city rail does, Regional rail operates outside major cities. Unlike Inter-city, it stops at most or all stations between cities and it provides a service between smaller communities along the line, and also connections with long-distance services at interchange stations located at junctions or at larger towns along the line. Alternative names are local train or stopping train, examples include the former BRs Regional Railways, Frances TER, Germanys DB Regio and South Koreas Tonggeun services
Commuter rail
–
The
Long Island Rail Road operates electric and diesel service into
New York City along with
Metro-North Railroad and
New Jersey Transit Rail.
Commuter rail
–
Mumbai Suburban Railway, the lifeline of
Mumbai, carries more than 7.24 million commuters on a daily basis
Commuter rail
–
S-Bahns, like the one in
Berlin, are not considered commuter rail.
Commuter rail
–
An
electric multiple unit on the
Gyeongchun Line operated by
Korail in
Seoul, South Korea
11.
Ciampino
–
Ciampino is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, Italy. It was a frazione of Marino until 1974, when it became a comune, the city is named after Giovanni Giustino Ciampini, a religious, scientist and archaeologist who lived here in the 17th century. It grew from 5,000 inhabitants in 1951 to 28,000 in 1971, today, the city has circa 37,000 inhabitants. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ciampino has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, the citys climate is basically Mediterranean type, but there are rare continental peaks, especially in winter. The autumn and spring seasons are particularly rainy and with mild temperatures, snow is a very rare phenomenon, they are mostly timid sleet or downpour of graupel. The summer is hot, humid and potentially drought. Therefore, the rainfall will have on the foothills of the hills, facing the sea, towards the south-west. In the summer, in conditions of heat waves particularly. Media related to Ciampino at Wikimedia Commons
Ciampino
–
Ciampino International Airport
12.
Trolleybuses in Rome
–
The Rome trolleybus system forms part of the public transport network of the city and comune of Rome, Italy. In operation since 2005, the current system comprises a single route, from 1937 to 1972, Rome was served by a much more extensive trolleybus system, which was then the largest in Italy and one of the largest in Europe. The first route of Romes original trolleybus system was inaugurated on 8 January 1937, in the 1960s, the trolleybus system was considered outdated and costly to maintain. The trolleybus routes were therefore replaced by conventional buses. On 2 July 1972, operations ceased on the last surviving trolleybus route of the original system, the administration decided to improve the tram network, and by reintroducing trolleybuses on the most popular bus routes. On 23 March 2005, trolleybuses took over the operation of route 90 Express, and on 1 December 2008, on 18 June 2012, the Express Line 90d is suppressed. Other planned lines had never been built, the only service operating on Romes current trolleybus route is,90 Express Termini station ↔ Largo F. On that part of the route, the trolleybuses are powered by onboard batteries, the Trollinos are 18 m long,2,550 mm wide, and 3,490 mm high. They are fitted with a system to enable operation over the unwired section from Termini station to Porta Pia. Trams in Rome Rome Metro List of trolleybus systems in Italy Gregoris, Paolo, Rizzoli, Francesco, Serra, Claudio
Trolleybuses in Rome
–
No 8520 near
Porta Pia.
Trolleybuses in Rome
–
No 8507 at
Roma Termini.
Trolleybuses in Rome
–
No 8505 on Via Nomentana, just south of Piazza Sempione.
Trolleybuses in Rome
–
Commuter rail
13.
Bus
–
A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers, many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary school buses or shuttle buses within a post-secondary education campus do not charge a fare, in many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special licence above and beyond a regular drivers licence. Horse-drawn buses were used from the 1820s, followed by steam buses in the 1830s, the first internal combustion engine buses, or motor buses, were used in 1895. Recently, interest has been growing in hybrid electric buses, fuel cell buses, as of the 2010s, bus manufacturing is increasingly globalised, with the same designs appearing around the world. Bus is a form of the Latin word omnibus. The first horse-drawn omnibus service was started by a businessman named Stanislas Baudry in the French city of Nantes in 1823, Nantes citizens soon gave the nickname omnibus to the vehicle. The omnibus in Nantes was a success and Baudry moved to Paris, a similar service was introduced in London in 1829. The first mechanically propelled omnibus appeared on the streets of London on 22 April 1833, in parallel to the development of the bus was the invention of the electric trolleybus, typically fed through trolley poles by overhead wires. The Siemens brothers, William in England and Ernst Werner in Germany, sir William first proposed the idea in an article to the Journal of the Society of Arts in 1881 as an. arrangement by which an ordinary omnibus. The first such vehicle, the Electromote, was made by his brother Dr. Ernst Werner von Siemens and presented to the public in 1882 in Halensee, Germany. Although this experimental vehicle fulfilled all the criteria of a typical trolleybus. Max Schiemann opened a trolleybus in 1901 near Dresden, in Germany. Although this system operated only until 1904, Schiemann had developed what is now the standard trolleybus current collection system, in the early days, a few other methods of current collection were used. Leeds and Bradford became the first cities to put trolleybuses into service in Great Britain on 20 June 1911, in Siegerland, Germany, two passenger bus lines ran briefly, but unprofitably, in 1895 using a six-passenger motor carriage developed from the 1893 Benz Viktoria. Another commercial bus line using the same model Benz omnibuses ran for a time in 1898 in the rural area around Llandudno. Daimler also produced one of the earliest motor-bus models in 1898, the vehicle had a maximum speed of 18 kph and accommodated up to 20 passengers, in an enclosed area below and on an open-air platform above. With the success and popularity of bus, Daimler expanded production, selling more buses to companies in London and, in 1899, to Stockholm
Bus
–
An
Alexander Dennis Enviro400 double-decker bus, operating for
Arriva on
London Buses route 102
Bus
–
Volvo B10M articulated bus in
Chiba, Japan
Bus
–
A SWB6128V8LF bus in
Shanghai, China
Bus
–
A
Scania OmniCity bus belonging to
SL here seen on line 55 in
Stockholm,
Sweden
14.
Milan
–
Milan is a city in Italy, capital of the Lombardy region, and the most populous metropolitan area and the second most populous comune in Italy. The population of the city proper is 1,351,000, Milan has a population of about 8,500,000 people. It is the industrial and financial centre of Italy and one of global significance. In terms of GDP, it has the largest economy among European non-capital cities, Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and lies at the heart of one of the Four Motors for Europe. Milan is an Alpha leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts Italys Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks, the city is a major world fashion and design capital, well known for several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair. The city hosts numerous cultural institutions, academies and universities, with 11% of the national total enrolled students, Milans museums, theatres and landmarks attract over 9 million visitors annually. Milan – after Naples – is the second Italian city with the highest number of accredited stars from the Michelin Guide, the city hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015. Milan is home to two of Europes major football teams, A. C. Milan and F. C. Internazionale, the etymology of Milan is uncertain. One theory holds that the Latin name Mediolanum comes from the Latin words medio, however, some scholars believe lanum comes from the Celtic root lan, meaning an enclosure or demarcated territory in which Celtic communities used to build shrines. Hence, Mediolanum could signify the central town or sanctuary of a Celtic tribe, indeed, the name Mediolanum is borne by about sixty Gallo-Roman sites in France, e. g. Saintes and Évreux. Alciato credits Ambrose for his account, around 400 BC, the Celtic Insubres settled Milan and the surrounding region. In 222 BC, the Romans conquered the settlement, renaming it Mediolanum, Milan was eventually declared the capital of the Western Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian in 286 AD. Diocletian chose to stay in the Eastern Roman Empire and his colleague Maximianus ruled the Western one, immediately Maximian built several monuments, such as a large circus 470 m ×85 m, the Thermae Herculeae, a large complex of imperial palaces and several other buildings. With the Edict of Milan of 313, Emperor Constantine I guaranteed freedom of religion for Christians, after the city was besieged by the Visigoths in 402, the imperial residence was moved to Ravenna. In 452, the Huns overran the city, in 539, the Ostrogoths conquered and destroyed Milan during the Gothic War against Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. In the summer of 569, a Teutonic tribe, the Lombards, conquered Milan, some Roman structures remained in use in Milan under Lombard rule. Milan surrendered to the Franks in 774 when Charlemagne took the title of King of the Lombards, the Iron Crown of Lombardy dates from this period
Milan
–
Milan Cathedral,
La Scala opera house and
Porta Nuova business district
Milan
Milan
Milan
15.
Bologna
–
Bologna is the largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, located in the heart of an area of about one million. The first settlements back to at least 1000 BC. The city has been a centre, first under the Etruscans. Home to the oldest university in the world, University of Bologna, founded in 1088, Bologna is also an important transportation crossroad for the roads and trains of Northern Italy, where many important mechanical, electronic and nutritional industries have their headquarters. According to the most recent data gathered by the European Regional Economic Growth Index of 2009, Bologna is the first Italian city, Bologna is home to numerous prestigious cultural, economic and political institutions as well as one of the most impressive trade fair districts in Europe. In 2000 it was declared European capital of culture and in 2006, the city of Bologna was selected to participate in the Universal Exposition of Shanghai 2010 together with 45 other cities from around the world. Bologna is also one of the wealthiest cities in Italy, often ranking as one of the top cities in terms of quality of life in the country, after a long decline, Bologna was reborn in the 5th century under Bishop Petronius. According to legend, St. Petronius built the church of S. Stefano. After the fall of Rome, Bologna was a stronghold of the Exarchate of Ravenna in the Po plain. In 728, the city was captured by the Lombard king Liutprand, the Germanic conquerors formed a district called addizione longobarda near the complex of S. Stefano. Charlemagne stayed in this district in 786, traditionally said to be founded in 1088, the University of Bologna is widely considered to be the first university. The university originated as a centre of study of medieval Roman law under major glossators. It numbered Dante, Boccaccio and Petrarca among its students, the medical school is especially famous. In the 12th century, the families engaged in continual internecine fighting. Troops of Pope Julius II besieged Bologna and sacked the artistic treasures of his palace, in 1530, in front of Saint Petronio Church, Charles V was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII. Then a plague at the end of the 16th century reduced the population from 72,000 to 59,000, the population later recovered to a stable 60, 000–65,000. However, there was also great progress during this era, in 1564, the Piazza del Nettuno and the Palazzo dei Banchi were built, along with the Archiginnasio, the centre of the University
Bologna
–
A collage of the city, showing
Fountain of Neptune,
Piazza Maggiore,
Basilica of San Petronio,
Two towers (Due Torri),
Tagliatelle al
ragù bolognese (dish of Bologna origin), and endless city arcades typical for Bologna
Bologna
–
Porta Maggiore, one of the twelve medieval city gates of Bologna.
Bologna
–
Depiction of a 14th-century fight between the militias of the Guelf and Ghibelline factions in Bologna, from the Croniche of Giovanni Sercambi of Lucca.
Bologna
–
Bologna in 1640.
16.
Railway station
–
A train station, railway station, railroad station, or depot is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers or freight. It generally consists of at least one platform and a station building providing such ancillary services as ticket sales. If a station is on a line, it often has a passing loop to facilitate traffic movements. The smallest stations are most often referred to as stops or, in parts of the world. Stations may be at level, underground, or elevated. Connections may be available to intersecting rail lines or other modes such as buses. In British usage, the station is commonly understood to mean a railway station unless otherwise qualified. In the United States, the most common term in contemporary usage is train station, Railway station and railroad station are less frequent. Outside North America, a depot is place where buses, trains, or other vehicles are housed and maintained and from which they are dispatched for service. The two-storey Mount Clare station in Baltimore, Maryland, which survives as a museum, first saw service as the terminus of the horse-drawn Baltimore. The oldest terminal station in the world was Crown Street railway station in Liverpool, built in 1830, as the first train on the Liverpool-Manchester line left Liverpool, the station is slightly older than the Manchester terminal at Liverpool Road. The station was the first to incorporate a train shed, the station was demolished in 1836 as the Liverpool terminal station moved to Lime Street railway station. Crown Street station was converted to a goods station terminal, the first stations had little in the way of buildings or amenities. The first stations in the modern sense were on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, manchesters Liverpool Road Station, the second oldest terminal station in the world, is preserved as part of the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester. It resembles a row of Georgian houses, dual-purpose stations can sometimes still be found today, though in many cases goods facilities are restricted to major stations. In rural and remote communities across Canada and the United States, such stations were known as flag stops or flag stations. Many stations date from the 19th century and reflect the architecture of the time. Countries where railways arrived later may still have such architecture, as later stations often imitated 19th-century styles, various forms of architecture have been used in the construction of stations, from those boasting grand, intricate, Baroque- or Gothic-style edifices, to plainer utilitarian or modernist styles
Railway station
–
Broad Green station, Liverpool, shown in 1962, opened in 1830, is the oldest station site in the world still in use as a passenger station.
Railway station
–
Baker Street station, London, opened in 1863, was the world's first station to be completely underground. Its original part, seen here, is just below the surface and was constructed by
cut-and-cover.
Railway station
–
Opened in 2006,
Berlin Hauptbahnhof is a large station at the crossing point of two major railways and features modern, abstract architecture. Berlin used to have a ring of terminus stations, similar to London and Paris, but these were gradually replaced with through stations over the period of 1882–1952.
Railway station
–
Liverpool Lime Street Station's frontage resembles a château and is the world's oldest used terminus
17.
Europe
–
Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, yet the non-oceanic borders of Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are arbitrary. Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres, or 2% of the Earths surface, politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a population of about 740 million as of 2015. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast, Europe, in particular ancient Greece, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire, during the period, marked the end of ancient history. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art, and science led to the modern era, from the Age of Discovery onwards, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to economic, cultural, and social change in Western Europe. During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall. In 1955, the Council of Europe was formed following a speech by Sir Winston Churchill and it includes all states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union, the EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The European Anthem is Ode to Joy and states celebrate peace, in classical Greek mythology, Europa is the name of either a Phoenician princess or of a queen of Crete. The name contains the elements εὐρύς, wide, broad and ὤψ eye, broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and the poetry devoted to it. For the second part also the divine attributes of grey-eyed Athena or ox-eyed Hera. The same naming motive according to cartographic convention appears in Greek Ανατολή, Martin Litchfield West stated that phonologically, the match between Europas name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor. Next to these there is also a Proto-Indo-European root *h1regʷos, meaning darkness. Most major world languages use words derived from Eurṓpē or Europa to refer to the continent, in some Turkic languages the originally Persian name Frangistan is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as Avrupa or Evropa
Europe
–
Reconstruction of
Herodotus ' world map
Europe
Europe
–
A medieval
T and O map from 1472 showing the three continents as domains of the sons of
Noah — Asia to Sem (
Shem), Europe to Iafeth (
Japheth), and Africa to Cham (
Ham)
Europe
–
Early modern depiction of
Europa regina ('Queen Europe') and the mythical
Europa of the 8th century BC.
18.
Roma Tiburtina station
–
Roma Tiburtina is the second largest railway station in Rome, after Roma Termini. Located in the part of the city, it is being redeveloped as a hub for the Italian high-speed rail services instead of Termini. The station is connected to the Romes Metro line B by Tiburtina metro station, the new Tiburtina is dedicated to the traditional regional trains and to the high-speed rail services on the Milan-Naples line. The new station is expected to reach a daily ridership of over 450,000 by 2015, the station is served by 140 high-speed trains and 290 regional trains every day. The major advantage of the station for high-speed services is that it is a through station, the station was originally opened in 1866. In 2001, a British University professor was killed when an escalator fell apart trapping her in a hole which had appeared, a local train driver,38, who tried to free her also lost a leg, along with a third person who fell into the mechanism. In 2004, plans were prepared for an upgrade of the station, the new station is expected to handle 300,000 passengers daily. By November 2011, all the works had cost €330 million, a fire broke out in the relay room on the west side of the station at 4am on 24 July 2011. At 6am, water was cut from five neighbourhoods in order to facilitate efforts by the brigade to fight the fire. The metro line B was also closed between Castro Pretorio and Monti Tiburtini. The damage to the structure rendered the building in danger of collapse, with problems, after 3 years of work, on 28 November 2011 the new station was inaugurated and dedicated to Cavour. The station also features a large and important bus station serves both national and international destinations, such as Kiev. Media related to Roma Tiburtina railway station at Wikimedia Commons
Roma Tiburtina station
–
For the Rome Metro station underneath the railway station, see
Tiburtina (Rome Metro).
Roma Tiburtina station
–
Overview
19.
High-speed rail
–
High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks. The first such system began operations in Japan in 1964 and was known as the bullet train. High-speed trains normally operate on standard gauge tracks of continuously welded rail on grade-separated right-of-way that incorporates a large turning radius in its design, only in Europe does HSR cross international borders. China has 22,000 kilometres of HSR as of end December 2016, while high-speed rail is most often designed for passenger travel, some high-speed systems also offer freight service. Multiple definitions for high-speed rail are in use worldwide, the European Union Directive 96/48/EC, Annex 1 defines high-speed rail in terms of, Infrastructure, track built specially for high-speed travel or specially upgraded for high-speed travel. Minimum Speed Limit, Minimum speed of 250 km/h on lines built for high speed. This must apply to at least one section of the line, Rolling stock must be able to reach a speed of at least 200 km/h to be considered high speed. Operating conditions, Rolling stock must be designed alongside its infrastructure for complete compatibility, safety and quality of service, category II – Existing tracks specially upgraded for high speeds, allowing a maximum running speed of at least 200 km/h. Category III – Existing tracks specially upgraded for high speeds, allowing a maximum running speed of at least 200 km/h, the UIC prefers to use definitions because they consider that there is no single standard definition of high-speed rail, nor even standard usage of the terms. They make use of the European EC Directive 96/48, stating that high speed is a combination of all the elements which constitute the system, infrastructure, rolling stock and operating conditions. The International Union of Railways states that high-speed rail is a set of unique features, many conventionally hauled trains are able to reach 200 km/h in commercial service but are not considered to be high-speed trains. These include the French SNCF Intercités and German DB IC, National domestic standards may vary from the international ones. Railways were the first form of land transportation and had an effective monopoly on passenger traffic until the development of the motor car. Speed had always been an important factor for railroads and they tried to achieve higher speeds. The line used three-phase current at 10 kilovolts and 45 Hz, on 23 October 1903, the S&H-equipped railcar achieved a speed of 206.7 km/h and on 27 October the AEG-equipped railcar achieved 210.2 km/h. These trains demonstrated the feasibility of electric high-speed rail, however, after the breakthrough of electric railroads, it was clearly the infrastructure – especially the cost of it – which hampered the introduction of high-speed rail. Several disasters happened – derailments, head-on collisions on single-track lines, collisions with traffic at grade crossings. The physical laws were well-known, i. e. if the speed was doubled, the radius should be quadrupled
High-speed rail
–
The
Tōkaidō Shinkansen high-speed line in Japan, with
Mount Fuji in the background
High-speed rail
–
The German 1903 record holder
High-speed rail
–
The German Fliegender Hamburger
High-speed rail
–
Burlington
Zephyr passenger train
20.
Roma Ostiense railway station
–
Roma Ostiense is a railway station in Piazza dei Partigiani serving the Ostiense district of Rome, Italy, a short distance from the Porta San Paolo. It is run by the Centostazioni arm of the Ferrovie dello Stato group and the rail lines FR1, FR3. It is linked with the Piramide Metro B station and the Roma Porta San Paolo station on the Rome-Lido railway line, a new road was also built to connect the station with Porta San Paolo - this was initially named Via A. Hitler but, after World War II, it became Viale delle Cave Ardeatine, Italian architect Roberto Narducci designed the station. In addition to being built in the style favoured by Hitler. The station building was inaugurated on October 28,1940, the entire facade is made of Travertine marble and the entrance is marked by a columned portico. On the right side of the façade is a relief by Francesco Nagni representing the mythical figures of Bellerophon, on the left is a fountain built in 1957. A mosaic on the floor made of black and white tiles demonstrates various themes, however, following the decline in the number of passengers after the end of the World Cup, the new section was quickly abandoned and the various shops that were housed there began to close. In 2012, the building was converted to a new branch of Mario Batalis restaurant/maket chain Eataly, the square outside of the station was named Piazzale dei Partigiani during World War II. Now, the primary function is a bus terminal and parking facility. The fountain was inexplicably excluded from the modernization and renovations for the 1990 World Cup, the small palm gardens that surround the parking lot are today occupied by a number of homeless people, asylum seekers, and political refugees. Piramide station on Line B on the Rome Metro, Roma Porta San Paolo station on the Ferrovia Roma-Lido. 3 -23 -30 express -75 -83 -118 -280 -673 -715 -716 -719 -769
Roma Ostiense railway station
–
Station building seen from Porta San Paolo
Roma Ostiense railway station
–
Hitler 's arrival in
Rome meet at the station by King
Victor Emmanuel III and
Mussolini.
Roma Ostiense railway station
–
The fountain of Piazzale dei Partigiani immortalized in the final scene of
Carlo Verdone 's
Un sacco bello in 1980.
Roma Ostiense railway station
–
Ostiense station shortly after completion in 1940
21.
Roma Trastevere railway station
–
Roma Trastevere railway station is a major railway station serving the city and comune of Rome, Italy. Opened in 1911, it part of the Pisa–Livorno–Rome, Rome–Capranica–Viterbo. The station is managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. However, the area of the passenger building is managed by Centostazioni. Train services are operated by Trenitalia, each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato, Italys state-owned rail company. Roma Trastevere railway station is situated at Piazza Flavio Biondo, southwest of the city centre and it is at the southern end of the Trastevere district, close to the districts of Marconi and Portuense. The original Roma Trastevere railway station was more centrally located, at Piazza Ippolito Nievo and that station replaced the Roma Porta Portese railway station, which had been opened on 24 April 1859, upon the inauguration of the Rome–Civitavecchia section of the Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway. The present station was opened on 1 May 1911, together with minor deviations of both the Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway and the Rome–Capranica–Viterbo railway, the old station continued to operate until 1950 as a goods yard and rolling stock workshop. Its site is now occupied by the FS Experimental Institute, in recent years, the present station has been the subject of renovations and improvements commissioned by Centostazioni. Roma Trasteveres passenger building was designed by Paolo Bo and it is a large structure made up of several conjoined sections, ranging from two to four storeys in height. The ground floor level of the section provides various facilities to passengers. The station has six through tracks faced by platforms fitted with shelters, operationally, it was previously classified as a junction station, but in 1990 it was downgraded to the status of a stopping point. Today, the Ferrovie regionali del Lazio FR1, FR3 and FR5 commuter lines all pass through the station, which is also planned to be an interchange with the proposed Line D of the Metropolitana di Roma
Roma Trastevere railway station
–
The passenger building
Roma Trastevere railway station
–
View of the platforms
Roma Trastevere railway station
–
Overview
22.
Roma Tuscolana railway station
–
Roma Tuscolana railway station is a major station serving the city and comune of Rome, Italy. It forms part of the Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway and the Rome–Fiumicino railway, the station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. Train services are operated by Trenitalia, each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato, Italys state-owned rail company. Roma Tuscolana railway station is situated at Piazza della stazione Tuscolana, just to the southeast of the city centre, Ferrovie regionali del Lazio FR3 and FR5 commuter lines pass through the station
Roma Tuscolana railway station
–
The
passenger building.
Roma Tuscolana railway station
–
Overview
23.
Roma San Pietro railway station
–
Roma San Pietro railway station is a major station serving the city and comune of Rome, Italy. Opened in 1894, the forms part of the Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway. It is also the junction for the short, single track Rome–Vatican City railway, the station is currently managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana. Train services are operated by Trenitalia, each of these companies is a subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato, Italys state-owned rail company. Opened along the line to Viterbo on 29 April 1894, the station, at that time, the station consisted of two through tracks passing a small passenger building. Although the station was situated on a secondary line, the passenger traffic. To coincide with the Great Jubilee of 2000, and the simultaneous re-opening of the line to Viterbo, between 2000 and 2006, prior to the opening of the tunnel to Roma Ostiense, Roma San Pietro was the terminus of half the trains from Cesano and Viterbo. The station has a building, which houses the waiting area, ticketing booths, ticket machines, a bar. Five through tracks pass through the station yard, all regional trains bound for Bracciano, Cesano di Roma, Civitavecchia, Grosseto, Pisa Centrale, Roma Termini and Viterbo Porta Fiorentina stop at the station. Ferrovie regionali del Lazio FR3 and FR5 commuter lines pass through the station
Roma San Pietro railway station
–
The station platforms.
Roma San Pietro railway station
–
View of the station yard, 2012.
Roma San Pietro railway station
–
Overview
24.
List of streets in Rome
–
This article covers all of the main streets in Rome, Italy. Via Cavour, Rome is a street in the Castro Pretorio rione of Rome and it is killed by the Rome Metro stations Cavour and Termini. Via della Conciliazione is a street in the Rione of Borgo, leading the St. Peters Basilica. Around 500 m in length, it connects Saint Peters Square to the Castel SantAngelo on the bank of the Tiber River. The road was constructed between 1937 and 1950, and it is the access route to the Square. Via del Corso, commonly known as the Corso, is the street running through the historical centre of the city. It is remarkable for being absolutely straight in an area characterized by narrow meandering alleys and it is also wider than most streets in the centre of Rome, but still only has barely room for two lanes of traffic and two narrow sidewalks. The northern portion of the street is a pedestrian area, the length of the street is roughly 1.5 kilometres. The Via dei Fori Imperiali is a road in the centre of the city that runs in a line from the Piazza Venezia to the Colosseum. The road, whose name was Via dellImpero, was built during the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini. Its course takes it over parts of the Forum of Trajan, Forum of Augustus and Forum of Nerva, parts of which can be seen on both sides of the road. There has in recent years been a deal of archeological excavation on both sides of the road, and it is clear that significant Imperial Roman items remain to be found under it. Via Giulia is a street in the centre of Rome, mostly in rione Regola. It was one of the first important urban planning projects in Renaissance Rome, via Giulia was projected by Pope Julius II but the original plan was only partially carried out. This was the first attempt since Antiquity to pierce a new thoroughfare through the heart of Rome, via Giulia runs from the Ponte Sisto to the church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, following the tight curve of the Tiber. It became the most fashionable street for new construction for borghesi, today its modest structures provide one of Romes elite shopping streets, noted for its antique shops. It is a place with many art galleries and fashionable restaurants, in the 1950s, after the film Roman Holiday it became an exclusive road, and a residence of many famous people, like film director Federico Fellini. Via Nazionale is a street in Rome from Piazza della Repubblica leading towards the Piazza Venezia
List of streets in Rome
–
A view from ground level of the Via della Conciliazione. Note that the dome of the
Basilica is not centered, as Piacentini chose instead to centre on the obelisk, which had been moved on the orders of
Sixtus V.
List of streets in Rome
–
Via del Corso seen from
Altare della Patria.
List of streets in Rome
–
Via dei Fori Imperiali, seen from the
Colosseum looking northwest
25.
Autostrada A90 (Italy)
–
The GRA or Grande Raccordo Anulare is a toll-free, ring-shaped orbital motorway,68.2 kilometres, in circumference that encircles Rome. Its acronym was given one of its main designers and supporters, Eugenio Gra, chairman of ANAS. The official number among the Italian motorways is A90, but that ia barely known and it is widely known by Romans as Il Raccordo. The road was the subject of the 2013 documentary film Sacro GRA which won the Golden Lion at the 70th Venice International Film Festival. One of the main purposes was to build the road as most equally distant as possible from the geographic centre of town. The first section, Flaminia to Tiburtina opened in 1952, later extended in stages, the last section to be opened was the west-to-north section, in 1970. Although the GRA was initially planned and built as a single-carriageway road, upgrade works to motorway standards started in late 1950s with first dual-carriageway, four-lane section opened 1962. Further works were carried throughout the 1970s, and by 1979, the remainder sections were upgraded to four-lane. Upgrade works to 6-lane started in 1983 and were completed in throughout the 1990s and 2000s. As of April 2008 97% of the GRA was 6-lane with final sections opened 2011, as of 2011, GRA is one of the most important roads in Rome, and traffic reaches 160,000 vehicles per day. Maintenance costs are around 11 million euros per year, GRA features 14 tunnels, with lengths varying from the 66 meters of Parco di Veio II tunnel to the 1150 meters of the Appia Antica tunnel and 8 rest areas. GRA has 42 junctions, with Via Aurelia being numbered as 1, actually, Romans refer to every junction with the name of street that it crosses. Thought it is officially a highway, GRA never had a road toll, such a project would imply a new external ring-shaped orbital motorway of about 120 kilometres, denominated NIA, which would cost over €5 billion. Tangenziale di Padova, a road around Padua, Italy Sacro GRA Sacro GRA Marco Pietrolucci. La città del Grande Raccordo Anulare, ISBN 88-492-2076-6 Périphérique M25 motorway M30 motorway Capital Beltway Highway 407 ETR MKAD
Autostrada A90 (Italy)
–
A90 Motorway
26.
Autostrada A1 (Italy)
–
The Autostrada A1, or Autostrada del Sole, literally Sun Motorway or Autosole, is an Italian motorway that connects Milan with Naples via Bologna, Florence, and Rome. At 754 km, it is the longest Italian autostrada and is considered the spinal cord of the road network. It is a part of the E35 and E45 European roads, a substantial section of New A1 is being constructed south of Bologna to provide a safer mountain crossing in bad weather. This section is named the Variante di Valico, the current parallel route will continue to be designated as a motorway. Building works began in 1956, and the track was opened on 4 October 1964 by then-prime minister Aldo Moro. All the 1950s and 1960s administrations wanted this major project to be completed as quickly as possible. The part between Rome and Naples was originally numbered A2, but was incorporated into A1 following the opening of Rome bypass from Fiano Romano to San Cesareo on July 21,1988, media related to Autostrada A1 at Wikimedia Commons
Autostrada A1 (Italy)
–
Highway at
Reggio Emilia
Autostrada A1 (Italy)
–
A1 Motorway
Autostrada A1 (Italy)
–
SS 675 highway near A1 interchange at
Orte
27.
Naples
–
Naples is the capital of the Italian region Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy, after Rome and Milan. In 2015, around 975,260 people lived within the administrative limits. The Metropolitan City of Naples had a population of 3,115,320, Naples is the 9th-most populous urban area in the European Union with a population of between 3 million and 3.7 million. About 4.4 million people live in the Naples metropolitan area, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Bronze Age Greek settlements were established in the Naples area in the second millennium BC, a larger colony – initially known as Parthenope, Παρθενόπη – developed on the Island of Megaride around the ninth century BC, at the end of the Greek Dark Ages. Naples remained influential after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, thereafter, in union with Sicily, it became the capital of the Two Sicilies until the unification of Italy in 1861. Naples was the most-bombed Italian city during World War II, much of the citys 20th-century periphery was constructed under Benito Mussolinis fascist government, and during reconstruction efforts after World War II. The city has experienced significant economic growth in recent decades, and unemployment levels in the city, however, Naples still suffers from political and economic corruption, and unemployment levels remain high. Naples has the fourth-largest urban economy in Italy, after Milan, Rome and it is the worlds 103rd-richest city by purchasing power, with an estimated 2011 GDP of US$83.6 billion. The port of Naples is one of the most important in Europe, numerous major Italian companies, such as MSC Cruises Italy S. p. A, are headquartered in Naples. The city also hosts NATOs Allied Joint Force Command Naples, the SRM Institution for Economic Research, Naples is a full member of the Eurocities network of European cities. The city was selected to become the headquarters of the European institution ACP/UE and was named a City of Literature by UNESCOs Creative Cities Network, the Villa Rosebery, one of the three official residences of the President of Italy, is located in the citys Posillipo district. Naples historic city centre is the largest in Europe, covering 1,700 hectares and enclosing 27 centuries of history, Naples has long been a major cultural centre with a global sphere of influence, particularly during the Renaissance and Enlightenment eras. In the immediate vicinity of Naples are numerous culturally and historically significant sites, including the Palace of Caserta, culinarily, Naples is synonymous with pizza, which originated in the city. Neapolitan music has furthermore been highly influential, credited with the invention of the romantic guitar, according to CNN, the metro stop Toledo is the most beautiful in Europe and it won also the LEAF Award 2013 as Public building of the year. Naples is the Italian city with the highest number of accredited stars from the Michelin Guide, Naples sports scene is dominated by football and Serie A club S. S. C. Napoli, two-time Italian champions and winner of European trophies, who play at the San Paolo Stadium in the south-west of the city, the Phlegraean Fields around Naples has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. The earliest Greek settlements were established in the Naples area in the second millennium BC, sailors from the Greek island of Rhodes established a small commercial port called Parthenope on the island of Megaride in the ninth century BC
Naples
–
Naples Napoli
Naples
–
Ancient map of the Bay of Naples area from Vatican Museum
Naples
–
A scene featuring the
siren Parthenope, the mythological founder of Naples.
Naples
–
The
Gothic Battle of Mons Lactarius on
Vesuvius, painted by
Alexander Zick.
28.
Autostrada A24 (Italy)
–
The Autostrada A24, or Autostrada dei Parchi, is a motorway connecting Rome to Teramo and all the way to the Adriatic Sea. Commencing at the Grande Raccordo Anulare, the A24 runs broadly north-east past LAquila, the highway includes two long tunnels under the Gran Sasso massif, running West to East and vice versa, with each tunnel just over 6.3 miles in length. A third tunnel, dug adjacent to the two tunnels, houses the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, the largest underground particle physics laboratory in the world. The route is managed by the Strada dei Parchi S. p. A. Autostrada A25 Strada dei Parchi S. p. A
Autostrada A24 (Italy)
–
A24 Motorway
29.
Teramo
–
Teramo Italian pronunciation, listen is a city and comune in the Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo. The city,150 kilometres from Rome, is situated between the highest mountains of the Apennines and the Adriatic coast. The economy of the town is based on activities connected with agriculture and commerce, as well as a sound industrial sector, textiles, foods, engineering, building materials. Teramo can be reached from the A14 the A24 motorways, in the coolest month temperatures average 5.5 °C, and in the warmest month they average 24 °C. In the winter time though they can experience copious amounts of snowfall, the precipitations are not frequent and mostly concentrated in late spring. The summers are characterized by days of intense heat. Interamna, was the name of cities in different parts of Italy. Its etymology, already pointed out by Varro and Festus, indicates their position at the confluence of two streams, the form Interamnium, and the ethnic form Interamnis, are also found, but more rarely. The name referred to the two rivers Vezzola and Tordino, between which it lies, the name is already defined in extant manuscripts of the Liber Coloniarum into Teramne, whence its modern form of Teramo. Thus the name Abrutium is present among the cities of Picenum enumerated by the Geographer of Ravenna, the name has been retained in that of Abruzzo, now a region of Italy. A settlement of the 1st millennium BC and some buildings of ancient Italic tribes were the object of archaeological excavations, allegedly, the development of the old settlement was due to the commercial center founded by the Etruscan and Phoenician civilization. According to the Roman author Sextus Julius Frontinus, the ancient Perut or Pretut strongly developed in dimensions, in the battle of Sentinum, the Romans defied the Italian confederation (Sabellians, Etrusci, Umbri and their allies the Gauls, starting the Samnite Wars. In 290 BC the Sabine area, along with the Praetutii’s region was occupied by the legions sent by the consul general Manius Curius Dentatus, the city took the Latin name of Interamnia Praetuttorium. During the reign of Augustus Interamnia is included in the Picenum district, the area of the current province was divided from south to north into the Ager Hatrianus, Ager Praetutianus and Ager Palmense. After the Second Social War Interamnia became a municipium, the city lost the status of Municipium because of the participation of Lucius Cornelius Sulla in the Social war, but the city will subsequently regain it for expressed will of Julius Caesar. As historians like Ptolemy, Livy and Pliny remember, the city reached its best period under the emperor Hadrian, with the constructions of the dedicated to Mars. Little is known about Teramo in the early Middle Ages, after first destruction of the city in the year 410 by the Visigoths under Alaric I, the Ostrogoths ruled Interamnia 552–554 AD. Right after the Gothic War, the city became a Byzantine possession, Teramo was included in the Marchia Firmana, part of the Exarchate of Ravenna
Teramo
–
Palazzo Castelli.
Teramo
–
Remains of the amphitheatre, with the cathedral in the background.
Teramo
–
Teramo Cathedral
Teramo
–
City Hall.
30.
Leonardo da Vinci International Airport
–
Leonardo da Vinci International Airport or simply Rome Fiumicino Airport, also known as just Fiumicino Airport, is an international airport in Rome and the major airport in Italy. It is one of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic with 41.7 million passengers served in 2016 and it is located in Fiumicino,18.9 nautical miles west of Romes historic city centre. The airport serves as the hub for Alitalia, the largest Italian airline and Vueling. Based on total numbers, it is the eighth busiest airport in Europe and was the worlds 36th busiest airport in 2015. It covers an area of 29 square kilometres and is named after the most recognized polymath Leonardo da Vinci, who designed the first proto helicopter, despite being officially opened in 1961, Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport had actually been in use since 20 August 1960. This was to relieve air traffic that was congesting Rome Ciampino Airport during the 1960 Summer Olympics. During the 1960s, home-carrier Alitalia invested heavily in the new airport, building hangars and maintenance centres, Security Services transferred from the Polizia di Stato to Aeroporti di Roma S. p. A. in 2000. Aeroporti di Roma created ADR Security S. r. l. to provide services as well as security services to airlines. Airport Security is supervised by Polizia di Stato, Guardia di Finanza, Italian Civil Aviation Authority, ground handling services were provided by Aeroporti di Roma until 1999, when it created Aeroporti di Roma Handling. Alitalia provided passenger assistance even before 1999, in 2001, Alitalia created Alitalia Airport and started providing ground handling for itself and other airlines. In May 2006, Italys Civil Aviation Authority announced that it took off the limitation of 3 ramp handlers in Rome Leonardo da Vinci airport, ARE Group and Aviapartner announced that they would create a company called Aviapartner to serve Milan Malpensa and Rome Leonardo da Vinci. Since 2005 the airport operates a category III B instrument landing system, further improvement work was implemented in 2007 to enable the airport to handle 30 takeoffs/landings per hour, up from 10, in the event of thick fog. In 2010, the new baggage handling system for more efficient luggage delivery began operations. The terminals were upgraded during the 1990s and 2000s, in 1991, the domestic Pier A with 12 gates opened. In 1995, the international Pier B with 10 gates opened, in 1999, the international Satellite C with 14 gates and an elevated automated people mover, called SkyBridge, connected it with the main terminal. In 2000, the new domestic Terminal A opened, and the buildings, then consisting of Terminal A, Terminal AA, Terminal B. In 2004, the new Cargo City terminal opened, in 2008, Terminal 5 opened for check-in for American carriers and El Al. Passengers are then bused to what was then called Satellite C, the terminal serves 950,000 passengers per year
Leonardo da Vinci International Airport
Leonardo da Vinci International Airport
–
Fiumicino – Leonardo da Vinci International Airport Fiumicino – Aeroporto Internazionale Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci International Airport
–
An
Alitalia Boeing 777-200ER taxiing at Fiumicino
Leonardo da Vinci International Airport
–
A
British Airways Airbus A321 taxiing at Fiumicino
31.
Province of Rome
–
The Province of Rome was one of the five provinces of Lazio, Italy. The province of Rome was the most populous of Italy, and is coterminous with the Rome metropolitan area. The Province of Rome existed from 1870 to 31 December 2014, on 1 January 2015, it was replaced with a new administrative area, the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. The province of Rome was established in 1870 after the Capture of Rome by the newly formed Kingdom of Italy from the Papal States and it was initially divided into five districts, Rome, Civitavecchia, Frosinone, Velletri and Viterbo, corresponding to the old papal delegazioni. In 1923 the district of Rieti, formerly part of the province of Perugia, was annexed to that of Rome, in 1934 the provincial territory lost its southern part, which became the new province of Latina. Latium, the oldest regional division of the province Lazio, the region the province of Rome is a part of Official website
Province of Rome
–
The
Appian Way
Province of Rome
–
Map highlighting the location of the province of Rome in Italy
Province of Rome
–
Nemi
Province of Rome
–
Alban Hills
32.
Bicycle sharing system
–
A bicycle-sharing system, public bicycle system, or bike-share scheme, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a very short term basis. Bike share schemes allow people to borrow a bike from point A, many bike-share systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive, encouraging use as transportation. This allows each bike to serve several users per day, in most bike-share cities, casual riding over several hours or days is better served by bicycle rental than by bike-share. For many systems, smartphone mapping apps show nearby stations with available bikes, bike-share began in Europe in 1965 and a viable format emerged in the mid-2000s thanks to the introduction of information technology. As of June 2014, public bikesharing systems were available in 50 countries on five continents, including 712 cities, operating approximately 806,200 bicycles at 37,500 stations. As of May 2011, the Wuhan and Hangzhou Public Bicycle bike-share systems in China were the largest in the world, the Vélib in Paris bicycle stations, is the largest outside of China. The countries with the most systems are Spain, Italy, as of July 2013, the systems with the higher market penetration are both operating in France, the Parisian Velib with 1 bike per 97 inhabitants and Vélov in Lyon with one bike per 121 residents. Bicycle-sharing systems have also cited as a way to solve the last mile problem. The reasons people use bike-share vary considerably, some who would otherwise use their own bicycle have concerns about theft or vandalism, parking or storage, and maintenance requirements. Government-run bicycle-sharing programmes can also prove costly to the public unless subsidised by commercial interests, although users of such systems generally pay to use vehicles that they themselves do not own, sharing systems differ from traditional for-profit bike rental businesses. In recent years, in an effort to reduce losses from theft and vandalism, many bike-sharing schemes now require a user to provide a deposit or other security. Most large-scale urban bike sharing programmes utilise numerous bike check-out stations, some bike-sharing systems are completely free like Aarhus in Denmark. As a consequence, most publicly owned bicycle sharing systems utilise funding from public governmental and/or charitable sources, Bike sharing schemes may be administered by government entities, nonprofit private organisations, or via public-private partnerships. In some cases, such as a university campus, the bicycles are designated for use within certain boundaries. Users are expected to leave the bike unlocked in an area once they reach their destination. Bicycle sharing programs without locks, user identification, and security deposits have also suffered large loss rates from theft. Deposit A small cash deposit releases the bike from a locked terminal, since the deposit is a fraction of the bikes cost, this does little to deter theft. Other bike sharing programmes have implemented rules requiring the user to provide a credit card, along with substantial security deposits for bicycles
Bicycle sharing system
–
The
Hangzhou Public Bicycle programme in China, the second largest bicycle sharing system in the world
Bicycle sharing system
–
The
Vélib' in Paris is the largest bikesharing system outside of China
Bicycle sharing system
–
Philly Indego Bikeshare
Bicycle sharing system
–
White bicycles for free use, in
Hoge Veluwe National Park, the Netherlands
33.
Airport
–
An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower, larger airports may have fixed-base operator services, airport aprons, taxiway bridges, air traffic control centres, passenger facilities such as restaurants and lounges, and emergency services. An airport with a helipad for rotorcraft but no runway is called a heliport, an airport for use by seaplanes and amphibious aircraft is called a seaplane base. Such a base typically includes a stretch of water for takeoffs and landings. An international airport has facilities for customs and passport control. In warfare, airports can become the focus of fighting, for example the Battle of Tripoli Airport or the Battle for Donetsk Airport. An airport primarily for use is called an airbase or air station. Most of the airports are owned by local, regional. Airports are divided into landside and airside, landside includes parking lots, public transport railway stations and access roads. Airside includes all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways, passage between landside and airside is tightly controlled at all airports. To access airside, one must go through Security, and if applicable and this applies to everyone, including staff. Most major airports provide commercial outlets for products and services, Airports may also contain premium and VIP services. The premium and VIP services may include express check-in and dedicated check-in counters, in addition to people, airports move cargo around the clock. Many large airports are located near railway trunk routes, the majority of the worlds airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. Busy airports have air control system. All airports use a pattern to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There are a number of available to pilots, though not all airports are equipped with them. Many airports have lighting that help guide planes using the runways and taxiways at night or in rain, snow, or fog
Airport
–
A picture of Terminal 3 of the
Dubai International Airport
Airport
–
Sample infrastructure of a typical airport
Airport
–
Commercial jets wait for the "7am hold" to pass before departing from
John Wayne Airport, Feb 14, 2015
Airport
–
Air bridges at
Oslo Airport from an
Icelandair Boeing 757-200
34.
Leonardo Da Vinci Airport
–
Leonardo da Vinci International Airport or simply Rome Fiumicino Airport, also known as just Fiumicino Airport, is an international airport in Rome and the major airport in Italy. It is one of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic with 41.7 million passengers served in 2016 and it is located in Fiumicino,18.9 nautical miles west of Romes historic city centre. The airport serves as the hub for Alitalia, the largest Italian airline and Vueling. Based on total numbers, it is the eighth busiest airport in Europe and was the worlds 36th busiest airport in 2015. It covers an area of 29 square kilometres and is named after the most recognized polymath Leonardo da Vinci, who designed the first proto helicopter, despite being officially opened in 1961, Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport had actually been in use since 20 August 1960. This was to relieve air traffic that was congesting Rome Ciampino Airport during the 1960 Summer Olympics. During the 1960s, home-carrier Alitalia invested heavily in the new airport, building hangars and maintenance centres, Security Services transferred from the Polizia di Stato to Aeroporti di Roma S. p. A. in 2000. Aeroporti di Roma created ADR Security S. r. l. to provide services as well as security services to airlines. Airport Security is supervised by Polizia di Stato, Guardia di Finanza, Italian Civil Aviation Authority, ground handling services were provided by Aeroporti di Roma until 1999, when it created Aeroporti di Roma Handling. Alitalia provided passenger assistance even before 1999, in 2001, Alitalia created Alitalia Airport and started providing ground handling for itself and other airlines. In May 2006, Italys Civil Aviation Authority announced that it took off the limitation of 3 ramp handlers in Rome Leonardo da Vinci airport, ARE Group and Aviapartner announced that they would create a company called Aviapartner to serve Milan Malpensa and Rome Leonardo da Vinci. Since 2005 the airport operates a category III B instrument landing system, further improvement work was implemented in 2007 to enable the airport to handle 30 takeoffs/landings per hour, up from 10, in the event of thick fog. In 2010, the new baggage handling system for more efficient luggage delivery began operations. The terminals were upgraded during the 1990s and 2000s, in 1991, the domestic Pier A with 12 gates opened. In 1995, the international Pier B with 10 gates opened, in 1999, the international Satellite C with 14 gates and an elevated automated people mover, called SkyBridge, connected it with the main terminal. In 2000, the new domestic Terminal A opened, and the buildings, then consisting of Terminal A, Terminal AA, Terminal B. In 2004, the new Cargo City terminal opened, in 2008, Terminal 5 opened for check-in for American carriers and El Al. Passengers are then bused to what was then called Satellite C, the terminal serves 950,000 passengers per year
Leonardo Da Vinci Airport
Leonardo Da Vinci Airport
–
Fiumicino – Leonardo da Vinci International Airport Fiumicino – Aeroporto Internazionale Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci Airport
–
An
Alitalia Boeing 777-200ER taxiing at Fiumicino
Leonardo Da Vinci Airport
–
A
British Airways Airbus A321 taxiing at Fiumicino
35.
List of the busiest airports in Europe
–
This is a list of the 100 busiest airports in Europe, ranked by total passengers per year, including both terminal and transit passengers. Data is for 2016 from a variety of sources, normally the national aviation authority statistics, the tables also show the percentage change in total passengers for each airport over the last year. Data is sourced individually for each airport and normally originates from national aviation authority statistics, lists of the rankings for 2015,2014,2013,2012,2011 and 2010 are also presented. European airports are defined as those that are within the airspace of the member and candidate states of The Council of Europe
List of the busiest airports in Europe
–
London Heathrow Airport - Terminal 5, serving
London, United Kingdom
List of the busiest airports in Europe
–
Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport serving
Paris, France
List of the busiest airports in Europe
–
Frankfurt Airport serving
Frankfurt, Germany
List of the busiest airports in Europe
–
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol serving
Amsterdam, Netherlands
36.
Fiumicino
–
Fiumicino is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 77,870. It is famous for the presence of the Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, the busiest airport in Italy, the name literally means little river. The town of Fiumicino should not be confused with its namesake, Fiumicino, Fiumicino became a comune in 1992, previously it was part of the municipality of Rome, being almost totally included in the former Municipio XIV. On 24 August 2013, a mud volcano popped up at the centre of the via Coccia di Morto roundabout. Fiumicino borders with the municipalities of Anguillara Sabazia, Cerveteri, Ladispoli and it lies in the northern side of the mouth of Tiber river, next to Ostia. Fiumicino is home to the largest airport in Italy, the Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, the city also houses the head offices of Alitalia and Blue Panorama Airlines. All Nippon Airways has its Rome Sales Office in the Room 447 in the, cathay Pacific has an office in the airports Torre Uffici 2. In addition Small Planet Airlines has an office in Fiumicino, in addition, Fiumicino has a large fishing center on the Tyrrhenian Sea coast and a sea resort. The Istituto di Instruzione Superiore Leonardo da Vinci is in Fiumicino, the Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport, also known as Rome-Fiumicino, lies in the north-eastern suburb of the town. It is served by the A91 motorway from Rome and by the Roman Suburban Railway line FL1, the municipality counts the railway stations of Fiumicino Aeroporto and Parco Leonardo, both on the line FL1. Airport station is served by a non-stop train from/to Roma Termini named Leonardo Express. The other stations within the municipality, Maccarese-Fregene and Torre in Pietra-Palidoro, are part of the Rome-Pisa line, the branch line from Parco Leonardo to the towns centre, counting the stations of Porto, Fiumicino and Fiumicino Porto Canale, was closed in 2000. it
Fiumicino
–
Aerial view of Fiumicino
37.
Rome Ciampino Airport
–
Pastine International Airport or simply Rome Ciampino Airport, is the secondary international airport of Rome, the capital of Italy, behind Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport. It is a joint civilian, commercial and military airport situated 6.5 NM south southeast of central Rome, the airport serves as a base for Ryanair and general aviation traffic. Ciampino Airport was opened in 1916 and is one of the oldest airports still in operation, during World War II, the airport was captured by Allied forces in June 1944, and afterward became a United States Army Air Forces military airfield. When the combat units moved out, Air Transport Command used the airport as a transshipment hub for cargo, transiting aircraft. It was Romes main airport until 1960, with traffic amounting to over 2 million passengers per year, after the opening of Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, Ciampino handled almost exclusively charter and executive flights for more than three decades. However, the facilities were extended at the beginning of 2007 to accommodate the growing number of low-cost carrier operations. The airport features a single, one-storey passenger terminal building containing the departures, the departures area consists of a main hall with some stores and service facilities as well as 31 check-in counters and 16 departure gates using walk or bus boarding as there are no jet-bridges. The arrivals area has an entrance and features four baggage belts as well as some more service counters. The airport hosts a fleet of Bombardier 415 aerial firefighting aircraft and it is also used by express logistics companies such as DHL, by official flights of the Italian Government and by planes of dignitaries visiting the Italian capital. There is also a smaller general aviation terminal, although private flights have now mainly been transferred to Rome Urbe Airport. Passenger traffic in 2007 was 5,402,000, passenger traffic in 2008 was 4,788,931 with a decrease of 11. 31% compared to 2007 due to economic crisis and EasyJet gradually moving routes to Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport. In 2014, passenger traffic amounted to 5,018,289, cOTRAL/Schiaffini operates buses from outside the terminal building to both Anagnina metro station and Ciampino railway station every 15 minutes. Bus operators Terravision, Schiaffini and BusShuttle run a service to Roma Termini. On 21 December 1959, Vickers Viscount I-LIZT of Alitalia crashed short of the runway on a training exercise in landing with two engines inoperative. Both people on board were killed, on 10 November 2008, Ryanair Flight 4102 from Hahn suffered damage during landing. The cause of the accident was stated to be birdstrikes affecting both engines, the port undercarriage of the Boeing 737-8AS collapsed. The aircraft involved was Boeing 737-8AS EI-DYG, delivered new to Ryanair from Boeing, there were 6 crew and 166 passengers on board. The airport was closed for over 24 hours as a result of the accident, two crew and eight passengers were taken to hospital with minor injuries
Rome Ciampino Airport
Rome Ciampino Airport
–
Ciampino–G. B. Pastine International Airport Ciampino–Aeroporto Internazionale G. B. Pastine
Rome Ciampino Airport
–
Apron view
38.
Rome Urbe Airport
–
The airport was inaugurated in Benito Mussolinis presence in 1928, with the name Lictor Airport. Until the World War II it was the civilian airport in Italy. Inside the perimeter also a racetrack was constructed, named Autodromo del Littorio, in 1931 a car/plane challenge took place on the racetrack inside the airport, Vittorio Suster, piloting a Caproni Ca.100, defeated Tazio Nuvolari, who drove an Alfa Romeo 8C2300. Heavily damaged by bombardments during the war, the airport was reactivated with the current name in the first postwar years and it is currently the base for the Aeroclub di Roma. In 2010, thanks to the investment of €800.000 by the ENAC a new terminal was opened for helicopters
Rome Urbe Airport
–
Rome Urbe Airport Aeroporto di Roma-Urbe
Rome Urbe Airport
39.
Helicopter
–
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and these attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft and many forms of VTOL aircraft cannot perform. English language nicknames for helicopter include chopper, copter, helo, heli, Helicopters were developed and built during the first half-century of flight, with the Focke-Wulf Fw 61 being the first operational helicopter in 1936. Some helicopters reached limited production, but it was not until 1942 that a helicopter designed by Igor Sikorsky reached full-scale production, with 131 aircraft built. Though most earlier designs used more than one rotor, it is the single main rotor with anti-torque tail rotor configuration that has become the most common helicopter configuration. Tandem rotor helicopters are also in use due to their greater payload capacity. Coaxial helicopters, tiltrotor aircraft, and compound helicopters are all flying today, quadcopter helicopters pioneered as early as 1907 in France, and other types of multicopter have been developed for specialized applications such as unmanned drones. The earliest references for vertical flight came from China, since around 400 BC, Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. This bamboo-copter is spun by rolling a stick attached to a rotor, the spinning creates lift, and the toy flies when released. The 4th-century AD Daoist book Baopuzi by Ge Hong reportedly describes some of the ideas inherent to rotary wing aircraft, designs similar to the Chinese helicopter toy appeared in Renaissance paintings and other works. In the 18th and early 19th centuries Western scientists developed flying machines based on the Chinese toy. It was not until the early 1480s, when Leonardo da Vinci created a design for a machine that could be described as an aerial screw, that any recorded advancement was made towards vertical flight. His notes suggested that he built flying models, but there were no indications for any provision to stop the rotor from making the craft rotate. As scientific knowledge increased and became accepted, people continued to pursue the idea of vertical flight. In July 1754, Russian Mikhail Lomonosov had developed a small coaxial modeled after the Chinese top but powered by a spring device. It was powered by a spring, and was suggested as a method to lift meteorological instruments. Sir George Cayley, influenced by a fascination with the Chinese flying top, developed a model of feathers, similar to that of Launoy and Bienvenu. By the end of the century, he had progressed to using sheets of tin for rotor blades and his writings on his experiments and models would become influential on future aviation pioneers
Helicopter
–
A police department
Bell 206 helicopter
Helicopter
–
A decorated Japanese taketombo bamboo-copter
Helicopter
–
Leonardo's "aerial screw"
Helicopter
–
Prototype created by
M. Lomonosov, 1754
40.
Francesco Baracca
–
Count Francesco Baracca was Italys top fighter ace of World War I. He was credited with 34 aerial victories, the emblem he wore side by side on his plane of a black horse prancing on its two rear feet which inspired that of Ferrari. Baracca was born in Lugo di Romagna and he was the son of a wealthy landowner. The younger Baracca initially studied at a school in Florence before entering the Military Academy of Modena in October 1907. As he had become a passionate equestrian as an antidote to classroom boredom and his first duty station allowed him to attend concerts and opera in Rome, as well as pursuing hunting and equestrian competitions, he gained some fame in the latter. This little idyll was spoiled by orders to a town in central Italy. Baracca then became interested in aviation and learned to fly at Reims, France and he then served with the Battaglione Aviatori and in 1914 with the 5th and 6th Squadriglie. During the months between the outbreak of World War I and Italys entry into the war, there was political controversy in Italy between pro-war and pro-peace factions. Baracca remained aloofly neutral, but ready to serve his nation, after Italys entry into the war on the Entente side in May 1915, he was sent to Paris to convert to Nieuport two-seaters. Upon his return in July, he was assigned to the 8a Squadriglia Nieuport, the frustrated Italian pilots even resorted to leaving their observers ground-bound in attempts to improve performance, to little avail. On those rare occasions when battle was joined, the Nieuports guns usually jammed, renaming the unit to 1a Squadriglia Caccia on 1 December 1915 did nothing to solve the problems. I and wounding its two-man crew. This was also Italys first aerial victory in the war and this first victory featured his favorite manoeuvre, which was to zoom in unseen behind and below an enemy and fire his machine gun from pistol range. It was around this time that Baracca adopted as a personal emblem a black prancing horse on his Nieuport 17 and this prompted some to call him, The Cavalier of the Skies. Flying the Nieuport 17 and then, from March 1917, the SPAD VII, Baraccas second victory was an Austrian Lohner over Gorizia on 23 April 1916. After his third victory, he transferred to 70a Squadriglia, promoted to Capitano, Baracca remained with the unit until, with 9 victories, he transferred to the newly formed 91st Squadriglia, known as the Squadron of the Aces, on 1 May 1917. By that time, his ever-increasing list of victories had made him nationally famous, while he initially dodged the responsibilities and paperwork that went with command, he finally settled into heading the squadron. Baraccas friend Fulco Ruffo di Calabria nearly ended Baraccas career—and life—in June 1917, Ruffo di Calabria burst out of a cloud firing in a head-on pass at an enemy airplane, and barely missed Baracca. Later, on the ground, Baracca assured his companion, Dear Fulco, next time, if you want to me down
Francesco Baracca
–
Count Francesco Baracca, standing by his
SPAD XIII fighter with the prancing horse logo that later became the emblem of
Ferrari
Francesco Baracca
–
The monument at
Nervesa della battaglia.
41.
Aeronautica Militare
–
The Italian Air Force is the aerial defence force of the Italian Republic. The Air Force was founded as an independent service arm on March 28,1923, after World War II, when Italy was made a republic by referendum, the Regia Aeronautica was given its current name. Since its formation the service has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history, the aerobatic display team is the Frecce Tricolori. Among the earlier adopters of military aviation, Italys air arm dates back to 1884, the Air Service operated balloons based near Rome. In 1911, reconnaissance and bombing sorties during the Italo-Turkish War by the Servizio Aeronautico represented the first ever use of heavier than air aircraft in armed conflict. On 28 March 1923, the Italian air force was founded as an independent service by King Vittorio Emanuele III of the Kingdom of Italy and this air force was known as the Regia Aeronautica. During the 1930s, the fledgeling Regia Aeronautica was involved in its first military operations, first in Ethiopia in 1935, after a period of neutrality, Italy entered World War II on 10 June 1940 alongside Germany. The Regia Aeronautica could deploy more than 3,000 aircraft, the Regia Aeronautica fought from the icy steppes of Russia to the sand of the North African desert losing men and machines. After the armistice of 8 September 1943, Italy was divided two sides, and the same fate befell the Regia Aeronautica. The Air Force was split into the Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force in the south aligned with the Allies, the end of the hostilities, on 8 May 1945, opened the gates to the rebirth of military aviation in Italy. A popular vote by the people resulted in the end of the Kingdom of Italy, hence the Regia Aeronautica lost its Royal designation, and it became the Aeronautica Militare, a name that it has continued to hold ever since. American military aid sent by the Mutual Defense Assistance Program brought about the introduction of American-made P-47 Thunderbolt, then in 1952, the Italian Air Force was granted jet fighters for the first time, American F-84G Thunderjets and F-86D Sabre jets. Next F-84F jet fighters and C-119 Flying Boxcar transport planes were sent from the United States to the Italian Air Force, during the 1970s, the Air Force acquired the Italian Aeritalia G222 and the modern American C-130 Hercules tactical transport planes, capable of carrying cargo or paratroopers. It also received the new Lockheed-Aeritalia F-104S Starfighter fighters for ground attack and this was a huge development and production project. Tornado fighters are still in service with all three countries, plus a few more, as of 2012, also, Italian companies worked together with the Embraer Company of Brazil in the smaller project of developing and producing the AMX International AMX aircraft. In 1990, after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Italy joined the coalition forces, with the need to replace the obsolescent F-104 Starfighters, Italy joined with Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom in the development of the Eurofighter Typhoon. With the Eurofighter Typhoon still some years from introduction to service, the ADV Tornados served as fighter-interceptors to supplement and then to replace the old F-104 Starfighters. The last of the Italian F-104s was removed from service in 2004 and this latter one occurred just a few minutes flying time east of the Italian peninsula, and the commanders-in-chief of the Italian Air Force soon saw the need to improve the Italian air defenses
Aeronautica Militare
–
Palazzo Aeronautica headquarters of the Italian Air Force
Aeronautica Militare
–
Coat of Arms of the Italian Air Force
Aeronautica Militare
–
Italian North American P-51D Mustang exhibited at the museum of Vigna di Valle
Aeronautica Militare
–
Italian
Eurofighter Typhoon
42.
Economy of Rome
–
Rome is a major EU and international financial, cultural and a business centre. Romes trade is 0. 001% of world economic trade, Rome grows +4. 4% annually and continues to grow at a higher rate in comparison to any other city in the rest of the country. This means that were Rome a country, it would be the worlds 52nd richest country by GDP, near to the size to that of Egypt. Rome also had a 2003 GDP per capita of €29,153, which was second in Italy, and is more than 134. 1% of the EU average GDP per capita. Rome is currently a world city, along with other metropoleis such as Berlin and Montreal. Rome was in 2008, also ranked 15th out of all the cities of the world for global importance, ancient Rome commanded a vast area of land, with tremendous natural and human resources. As such, Romes economy remained focused on farming and trade, agricultural free trade changed the Italian landscape, and by the 1st century BC, vast grape and olive estates had supplanted the yeoman farmers, who were unable to match the imported grain price. The annexation of Egypt, Sicily and Tunisia in North Africa provided a supply of grains. In turn, olive oil and wine were Italys main exports, two-tier crop rotation was practiced, but farm productivity was overall low, around 1 ton per hectare. Some economists like Peter Temin consider the Roman Empire a market economy, similar in its degree of capitalistic practices to 17th century Netherlands and 18th century England. After the Decline of the Roman Empire, Rome fell into decay, with its ex-economic and political power passing on to other cities, such as Milan, Florence, Venice and Palermo. Even though Rome still had the pope, the city ceased to be a major centre for commerce, trade. The Roman economy, however, boomed in the 16th and 17th centuries, especially when the Medici popes Leo X and Clement VII were in power. The renaissance transformed Rome into a city of the arts, culture, politics, banking, commerce and trade, especially when the Florentine merchants involved in papal affairs, yielded huge profits. Rome grew momentously after the war, as one of the forces behind the Italian economic miracle of post-war reconstruction and modernisation. Among the most significant resources, plenty of museums - — aqueducts, fountains, churches, palaces, historical buildings, the monuments and ruins of the Roman Forum, and the Catacombs. Rome is the 3rd most visited city in the EU, after London and Paris, and receives an average of 7-10 million tourists a year, the Colosseum and the Vatican Museums are the 39th and 37th most visited places in the world, according to a recent study. In 2005 the city registered 19.5 million of global visitors, in 2006 Rome has been visited by 6.03 million of international tourists, reaching the 8th place in the ranking of the worlds 150 most visited cities
Economy of Rome
–
Night view of the
Trajan's Market which was built by
Apollodorus of Damascus
Economy of Rome
–
The
Vatican Museums are the world's 37th most visited tourist destination, with over 4.2 million tourists a year.
Economy of Rome
–
Via Condotti, Rome's main
upscale shopping street. Seen from the top of the
Spanish steps.
Economy of Rome
–
Set of Gangs of New York in
Cinecittà studios, Rome
43.
History of Rome
–
The city of Rome originated as a village of the Latini in the 9th century BC. It was initially ruled by kings, but the Roman Republic was established in 509 BC, during the 5th century BC, Rome gained regional dominance in Latium, and eventually the entire Italian peninsula by the 3rd century BC. The population of the city at this point is estimated at about 310,000 people, with the Punic Wars, Rome gained dominance over the Western Mediterranean, displacing Carthage as the dominant regional power. The Roman Empire was established under Octavian in 27 BC, after Julius Caesars conquest of Gaul, the city of Rome now surpassed a population of one million, likely the first city in history to reach this size. Following the Crisis of the Third Century and the transfer of the capital to Constantinople in AD330. But the city was reduced to a fraction of its size, being sacked several times in the 5th to 6th centuries. With the final loss of control in Italy, Rome became the capital of the Papal States in medieval Italy. The Papacy struggled to influence in the emerging Holy Roman Empire, and during the Saeculum obscurum. Rome began to some importance in the late 15th and 16th century. The Sistine Chapel was restored in 1480 and decorated by Michelangelo in 1508–1512, construction of the Apostolic Palace began in 1589. Construction of St. Peters Basilica was begun in 1506, the most renowned work of Renaissance architecture, Rome was annexed by Napoleon and was technically part of France during 1798–1814. During the Italian unification in the 19th century, the Roman Question referred to the status of Rome under the power of the popes. Rome was declared the capital of the kingdom of Italy on 27 March 1861, Rome was eventually captured in 1870, and the dispute was finally resolved with the Lateran Pacts of 1929 establishing the Vatican State. Rome served as the capital of the Italian Empire and Fascist Italy from 1870 to 1943, during this period, population hextupled from about 250,000 to 1.5 million. The Palace of Justice was completed 1910, Rome was under siege by the Allied invasion of Italy and was bombed several times. It was declared a city on 14 August 1943. It became the capital of the Italian Republic, with a population of 4.4 million in its metropolitan area —is the largest city in Italy and it is among the largest urban areas of the European Union and classified as a global city. The evidence suggesting the citys ancient foundation is also obscured by the legend of Romes beginning involving Romulus and Remus, excavations made in 2014 have revealed a wall built long before the citys official founding year
History of Rome
–
Rome: Ruins of the Forum, Looking towards the Capitol (1742) by
Canaletto
History of Rome
–
A simplified plan of the city of
Rome from the 15th-century illuminated manuscript
Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.
History of Rome
–
Capitoline Wolf suckles the infant twins
Romulus and Remus.
44.
Tourism in Rome
–
Among the most significant resources, plenty of museums - —aqueducts, fountains, churches, palaces, historical buildings, the monuments and ruins of the Roman Forum, and the Catacombs. Rome is the 3rd most visited city in the EU, after London and Paris, and receives an average of 7-10 million tourists a year, the Colosseum and the Vatican Museums are the 39th and 37th most visited places in the world, according to a recent study. The city has also been nominated 2007s fourth most desirable city to visit in the world, according to lifestyle magazine Travel + Leisure, after Florence, Buenos Aires, Rome is the city with the most monuments in the world. Rome has been one of the worlds most visited cities for the past two millennia, in the Roman times, Rome was the centre and the most powerful city of Western Civilization, ruling all the Mediterranean, Northern Africa, England and parts of the Middle East. Afterwords, it one of the most important cities in Christianity, since the pope. Towards the 1840s, the first sort of mass-tourism began, and Rome became a popular attraction for not only British people. After a brief fall in the number of tourists in the 1980s, Romes two most popular tourist destinations are the Vatican Museums and the Colosseum. John Lateran, the Piazza del Popolo, the Castel SantAngelo, the Campo de Fiori, the Quirinal Palace, the Lateran Palace, Rome can be divided into several districts. The so-called historical center is small, only around 4% of the citys area. Ostia—Romes beach resort and the ruins of Ancient Romes harbour, Rome has two main international airports, Leonardo da Vinci/Fiumicino International Airport - Romes main airport is modern and connected to the center of the city by public transportation. Ciampino International Airport (Rome Ciampino, - Located to the southeast of the capital and this small airport is closer to the city center than Fiumicino but has no direct train connection. From Leonardo da Vinci/Fiumicino airport, there are two lines, Leonardo Express trains and Metropolitan train and COTRAL/Schiaffini operates buses from both airports to the city. Romes main railway station is Termini Station, the city is ringed by a motorway, the GRA. oieq-p Most cruise ships dock in Civitavecchia, Grimaldi Lines provides ferry service to/from Barcelona, Tunis, Toulon, Porto-Vecchio. Moby provides service to/from Olbia, Sardinia, now it is possible for modest-sized cruise ships to dock in new Porto di Roma, Ostia, located a few kilometers from Rome and linked by train and metro. Taxis are the most expensive forms of travel in Rome, Roman taxis within the city walls run on meters. Rome has several taxi cooperatives, La Capitale Roma Sud Cosmos Tickets must be bought, Tickets for regular ATAC buses, Metro, and trams are the same fares and are compatible with each other. ATAC polices the buses, Metro, and trams for people riding without tickets and it costs 95 euros for 3 days. Rome has a bus system
Tourism in Rome
–
St. Peter's Basilica from the
River Tiber. The iconic dome dominates the skyline of Rome.
Tourism in Rome
–
The interior of the Pantheon in the 18th century, painted by
Giovanni Paolo Panini. This is a painting from the
Grand Tour.
Tourism in Rome
–
The city's spacious
Piazza Navona
Tourism in Rome
–
The Colosseum interior
45.
Transport in Italy
–
Italy has well developed and private transportation options. Italian rail network is extensive, especially in the north, generally eclipsing the need for a such as bus or air. Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46 km2 per kilometer of rail track, Italys road network is also widespread, with a total length of about 487,700 km. It comprises both a motorway network, mostly toll roads, and national and local roads. Because of its long seacoast, Italy also has a number of harbors for the transportation of both goods and passengers. Italy has been a seafaring peninsula dating back to the days of the Etruscans, Transport networks in Italy are fully integrated into the Trans-European Transport Networks. The Italian railway system has a length of 19,394 km, the active lines are 16,723 km. The network is growing with the construction of the new high-speed rail network. The narrow gauge tracks are,112 km of 1,000 mm gauge,1,211 km of 950 mm gauge A major part of the Italian rail network is managed and operated by Ferrovie dello Stato, a state owned company. Other regional agencies, mostly owned by entities such as regional governments. The Italian railways are subsidised by the government, receiving €8.1 billion in 2009, travellers who often make use of the railway during their stay in Italy might use Rail Passes, such as the European Inter-Rail or Italys national and regional passes. These rail passes allow travellers the freedom to use regional trains during the validity period, regional passes, such as Io viaggio ovunque Lombardia, offer one-day, multiple-day and monthly period of validity. There are also passes for adults, who travel as a group. Foreign travellers should purchase these passes in advance, so that the passes could be delivered by post prior to the trip, when using the rail passes, the date of travel needs to be filled in before boarding the trains. In 1967, the Bologna-Florence high-speed line, with speeds up to 230 km/h, opened to passenger traffic, subsequently, high-speed rail tracks connect Milan to Bologna, Florence to Rome and Rome to Naples. The Bologna-Florence high-speed line was upgraded to 300 km/h and the current journey time is 35 minutes, a new high-speed line linking Milan and Turin, operating at 300 km/h, opened to passenger traffic in 2009, reducing the journey time from 2 hours to 1 hour. The high-speed line between Naples and Salerno are still under construction, construction of the Milan-Venice high-speed line has begun in 2013. The operator of high-speed trains is Trenitalia, since 2012, a new and Italys first private train operator, NTV Italo, run high-speed services in competition with Trenitalia
Transport in Italy
–
A Frecciarossa high-speed train
Transport in Italy
–
Italy within the
European Union
Transport in Italy
–
New Italo high-speed train of
NTV, capable of 360 km/h
Transport in Italy
–
A station on the Milan Metro, the largest rapid transit system in Italy
46.
Line A (Rome Metro)
–
Line A of the Rome Metro runs across the city from the north-west terminus of Battistini to the south-east terminus at Anagnina and intersects with Line B at Termini. The line is marked orange on metro maps, normally very crowded, Line A is estimated to transport nearly half a million people daily. The work was suspended and resumed 5 years later, with tunnelling machines which, although helping to ease traffic problems, archaeological discoveries were frequent during the work, in particular in the area of Piazza della Repubblica, and required changes to the planning. The uncovered remains were put on show in protective glass display cases in Repubblica station, the tunnelling work and connected archaeological discoveries were portrayed in Federico Fellinis film Roma. The line begun service in 1980, from Anagnina to Ottaviano and took the name of Line A, in the early 1990s, work began on an extension to Line A from Ottaviano to Battistini, which opened during 1999 and 2000. In the late 1990s, the MA200 series began operation on Line A and was the first Rome Metro train type to use three-phase asynchronous motors with electronic drive as its traction system. The MA200 series was prone to technical problems and interestingly was originally intended only for Line B before being transferred to Line A. Because of this the MA100 and MA200 series have been transferred to the Rome-Lido railway, the S/300 trains today make up the larger share of Line As rolling stock. They also are some of the first cars to feature automated announcements, in the S/300 cars, upon leaving a station, the next stop is announced as well as which side of the train the doors will open on. Upon entering the station, the name of the station. Once the train stops, several beeps go off as the doors open, a higher pitch chime sounds before the doors close. For example, this is how the play for a train stopping at Barberini, Upon leaving either Spagna or Repubblica. Then when the train enters Barberini, the announcement plays, Barberini – Fontana di Trevi, on October 17,2006 an accident caused the death of one person and injury to more than 100 others. More information is available in the 2006 Rome metro crash article, further extensions to Line A are being considered to the north, from Battistini to Torrevecchia. Rome Metro and Suburban railways Old Map of the plans for the Rome Metro Media related to Line A at Wikimedia Commons Romametropolitane Rome public transport site Urban Rail
Line A (Rome Metro)
–
Train crossing the Tiber River
Line A (Rome Metro)
–
Route map
Line A (Rome Metro)
–
S/300 train in the station at
Cipro station.
Line A (Rome Metro)
–
Interior of an S/300 train. The arrows on the LED displays indicate that the doors will open on the right side of the train at
Flaminio - Piazza del Popolo.
47.
Line B (Rome Metro)
–
Line B is a metro line serving Rome, Italy, and part of the Rome Metro. Despite its name, Line B was the first line to be built in the city and it crosses Rome diagonally from north-east, starting at Rebibbia and at Jonio stations, to south, terminating at Laurentina, in the EUR district. It crosses Line A at Termini station, the line has 26 stations and is shown in blue on Metro maps. Its first service runs at 05,30 and its last at 23,30, from 18 January 2008, the last Friday and Saturday service runs at 1,30. It carries 345,000 passengers a day and runs 377 trains a day, every 6 minutes at other times, at a maximum frequency of 9 minutes at the most off-peak times. Despite its name, Line B was the first metro line in Rome, the exposition never took place due to Italys entrance into the Second World War in 1940. When work was interrupted some of the tunnels on the side of the metro had been completed and were used as air raid shelters during the war. Work on the metro began again in 1948, in concert with turning the space, formerly designated for the Expo, the line was officially opened on 9 February 1955 by the then President of the Republic Luigi Einaudi. Regular services began on the following day, when the new East-West line began service in 1980 from Anagnina to Ottaviano, it was named Line A, while the existing Termini-Laurentina line was renamed Line B. In 1990, Line B was extended from Termini to Rebibbia to the east of the city, a spur called B1 opened on 13 June 2012. It is a branch of Line B from Bologna to Jonio with 4 stations, SantAgnese/Annibaliano, Libia, Conca dOro, Line B has 26 stations with terminuses at Rebibbia, Jonio and Laurentina. Another future extension has been planned beyond Rebibbia with two stations, San Basilio and Torraccia/Casal Monastero, when the B line opened in 1955, MR100 and MR200 trains were used, and were retired in 1990. Similar trains were used on the Rome-Lido railway, and some still continue in that role today. These cars are heavily graffitied, giving the Line Bs rolling stock the appearance of New York City Subway rolling stock during the 1970s and 1980s, the MB100 cars are due for rebuilding at a future date. A fleet of similar to the MB100 trains were also built for the Lima Metro in Peru. Since 2010, Line B has also used the newer CAF MA300 trains similar to those on the Line A, media related to Line B at Wikimedia Commons
Line B (Rome Metro)
–
MA200 train at
Piramide, 1984
Line B (Rome Metro)
–
Route map
Line B (Rome Metro)
–
MB100 train at
Colosseo
Line B (Rome Metro)
–
A side view of the 1990 built MB100 cars on a Laurentina bound train stopping at
EUR Magliana covered with
graffiti.
.jpg)
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Media related to Transport in Rome at Wikimedia Commons
Rome Metro.svg)
