In firearms, a trapdoor is a form of breech-loading mechanism for rifles in which a hinged breechblock rotates up and forward, resembling the movement of a trapdoor. The Springfield models 1865 and 1873 were best known for first employing this type of action.
Springfield Model 1888, trapdoor mechanism open
Drawing from Erskine S. Allin's patent for the Springfield Model 1865's trapdoor mechanism.
Springfield Model 1866, trapdoor breech closed
The Springfield Model 1873 was the first standard-issue breech-loading rifle adopted by the United States Army. The rifle, in both full-length and carbine versions, was widely used in subsequent battles against Native Americans.
Springfield model 1873
Model 1873 Springfield Rifle
Reenactment firing a Springfield Model 1873 breech-loading rifle at Fort Mackinac in 2008
Geronimo (right) holding a Springfield Model 1873 alongside his fellow Apache warriors in 1886