The Department of the Treasury, also known as The Treasury, is the national treasury and financial department of the federal government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The treasury is responsible for executing economic and fiscal policy, market regulation and the delivery of the federal budget with the department overseeing 16 agencies. The Treasury is one of only two departments that have existed continuously since Federation in 1901, the other being the Department of the Attorney-General.

A treasury is eitherA government department related to finance and taxation, a finance ministry; in a business context, corporate treasury. A place or location where treasure, such as currency or precious items are kept. These can be state or royal property, church treasure or in private ownership.