1.
Order of the British Empire
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There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
2.
The Trevor Horn Band
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The Trevor Horn Band are an English supergroup formed in 2006 as The Producers, consisting of record producers Trevor Horn and Steve Lipson, and musicians Lol Creme and Ash Soan. The band briefly adopted the name US before changing to Producers, latterly, they have switched to the name The Trevor Horn Band. Producer Chris Braide was originally a member but left in 2009 due to work commitments, though still contributed to the bands début album Made in Basing Street, Gary Langan also works with the band, engineering and mixing in the studio and working front of house at gigs. The concept for the band was conceived as a means for the ZTT music producer partners Trevor Horn and Steve Lipson to take a break from their work in the studio. The band was joined by percussionist Luís Jardim and guests, Anne Dudley, David Jordan, producer Bruce Woolley and Will Young. The band would return to the studio to record original material for Horn and Langans ZTT branch of Stiff Records. Producer, audio engineer and third member of Art of Noise, Gary Langan, joined as the bands engineer, mixing the album. A second Camden gig in February 2007 followed a format to their first show. The band was joined again by Jardim and Jordan, as well as Jamie Cullum, Barking Up the Right Tree would be released as a single with Freeway as a B-side in 2007 on the Stiff Records label. The Producers début album was announced under the name Studio 1, to be released on the Stiff label. The album was released as Made in Basing Street, referencing its creation at the SARM Studios in Londons Notting Hill. The remaining members decided to change their name to US, but still played live under The Producers, the Sydney Arthur idea has not been mentioned since 2009, and it is unknown whether or not it contributed towards the finished album. The short-lived US name vanished with the Sydney Arthur idea, and the article was dropped. The remaining members continued with recording sessions at SARM during 2010, with Braide recording vocals on a new song, Garden of Flowers, a new version of Freeway, still with Braide on vocals, was made available online. The original version of Freeway appears on the disc of the 2CD special edition of Made in Basing Street as Freeway. Other hits were played, such as 10ccs The Dean and I, Two Tribes by Frankie Goes to Hollywood. The tour was intended as a showcase of Made in Basing Street, Horns brother, Ken, a television producer and director, was present at the concerts as a camera operator. Braide has described how the lyrics are thematically related to the Producers song Watching You Out There
3.
Durham, England
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Durham is a historic city and the county town of County Durham in North East England. The city lies on the River Wear, to the west of Sunderland, south of Newcastle upon Tyne, founded over the final resting place of St Cuthbert, its Norman cathedral became a centre of pilgrimage in medieval England. The cathedral and adjacent 11th-century castle were designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986, the castle has been the home of Durham University since 1832. HM Prison Durham is also located close to the city centre, the name Durham comes from the Celtic element dun, signifying a hill fort, and the Old Norse holme, which translates to island. The Lord Bishop of Durham takes a Latin variation of the name in his official signature. The city has been known by a number of names throughout history, the original Nordic Dun Holm was changed to Duresme by the Normans and was known in Latin as Dunelm. The modern form Durham came into use later in the citys history, archeological evidence suggests a history of settlement in the area since roughly 2000 BC. Local legend states that the city was founded in A. D.995 by divine intervention, Aldhun, Bishop of Chester-le-Street and leader of the order, decreed a holy fast of three days, accompanied by prayers to the saint. During the fast, Saint Cuthbert appeared to a monk named Eadmer. After Eadmers revelation, Aldhun found that he was able to move the bier, the legend of the Dun Cow, which is first documented in The Rites of Durham, an anonymous account about the Durham Cathedral, published in 1593, builds on Symeons account. According to this legend, by later that day, the monks came across a milkmaid at Mount Joy. She stated that she was seeking her lost dun cow, which she had last seen at Dun Holm, the monks, realising that this was a sign from the saint, followed her. They settled at a wooded hill-island – a high wooded rock surrounded on three sides by the River Wear, there they erected a shelter for the relics, on the spot where the Durham Cathedral would later stand. Symeon states that a modest wooden building erected there shortly later was the first building in the city, Bishop Aldhun subsequently had a stone church built, which was dedicated in September 998. It no longer remains, having been supplanted by the Norman structure, during the medieval period the city gained spiritual prominence as the final resting place of Saint Cuthbert and Saint Bede the Venerable. The shrine of Saint Cuthbert, situated behind the High Altar of Durham Cathedral, was the most important religious site in England until the martyrdom of St Thomas Becket at Canterbury in 1170, Saint Cuthbert became famous for two reasons. Firstly, the healing powers he had displayed in life continued after his death, with many stories of those visiting the saints shrine being cured of all manner of diseases. This led to him being known as the worker of England
4.
Synth-pop
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Synth-pop is a subgenre of new wave music that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the Krautrock of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s. In Japan, Yellow Magic Orchestras success opened the way for bands such as P-Model, Plastics. The development of polyphonic synthesizers, the definition of MIDI. This, its adoption by the acts from the New Romantic movement, together with the rise of MTV. Synth-pop is sometimes deployed interchangeably with electropop, but electropop may also denote a variant of synth-pop that places emphasis on a harder. In the late 1980s duos such as Erasure and Pet Shop Boys adopted a style that was successful on the US dance-charts. Some artists and bands were criticised for gender bending, Synth-pop was defined by its primary use of synthesizers, drum machines and sequencers, sometimes using them to replace all other instruments. Borthwick and Moy have described the genre as diverse but, many synth-pop musicians had limited musical skills, relying on the technology to produce or reproduce the music. The result was often minimalist, with grooves that were woven together from simple repeated riffs often with no harmonic progression to speak of. Early synth-pop has been described as eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing, using droning electronics with little change in inflection, common lyrical themes of synth-pop songs were isolation, urban anomie, and feelings of being emotionally cold and hollow. Synthesizers were increasingly used to imitate the conventional and clichéd sound of orchestras, thin, treble-dominant, synthesized melodies and simple drum programmes gave way to thick, and compressed production, and a more conventional drum sound. Lyrics were generally optimistic, dealing with more traditional subject matter for pop music such as romance, escapism. According to music writer Simon Reynolds, the hallmark of 1980s synth-pop was its emotional, at times operatic singers such as Marc Almond, Alison Moyet and Annie Lennox. Because synthesizers removed the need for groups of musicians, these singers were often part of a duo where their partner played all the instrumentation. Later synth-pop saw a shift to a style influenced by other genres. Electronic musical synthesizers that could be used practically in a recording studio became available in the mid-1960s, the portable Minimoog, which allowed much easier use, particularly in live performance was widely adopted by progressive rock musicians such as Richard Wright of Pink Floyd and Rick Wakeman of Yes
5.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
6.
Rock and roll
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While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920s and in country records of the 1930s, the genre did not acquire its name until the 1950s. For the purpose of differentiation, this deals with the first definition. The beat is essentially a blues rhythm with an accentuated backbeat, classic rock and roll is usually played with one or two electric guitars, a double bass or string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. Beyond simply a style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and on television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes. In addition, rock and roll may have contributed to the civil rights movement because both African-American and white American teens enjoyed the music and it went on to spawn various genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply rock music or rock. The term rock and roll now has at least two different meanings, both in common usage, the American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both define rock and roll as synonymous with rock music. Encyclopædia Britannica, on the hand, regards it as the music that originated in the mid-1950s. In 1934, the song Rock and Roll by the Boswell Sisters appeared in the film Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, in 1942, Billboard magazine columnist Maurie Orodenker started to use the term rock-and-roll to describe upbeat recordings such as Rock Me by Sister Rosetta Tharpe. By 1943, the Rock and Roll Inn in South Merchantville, in 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing this music style while popularizing the phrase to describe it. The origins of rock and roll have been debated by commentators. The migration of former slaves and their descendants to major urban centers such as St. The immediate roots of rock and roll lay in the rhythm and blues, then called race music, particularly significant influences were jazz, blues, gospel, country, and folk. The 1940s saw the use of blaring horns, shouted lyrics. In the same period, particularly on the West Coast and in the Midwest, similarly, country boogie and Chicago electric blues supplied many of the elements that would be seen as characteristic of rock and roll. Rock and roll arrived at a time of technological change, soon after the development of the electric guitar, amplifier and microphone. It was the realization that relatively affluent white teenagers were listening to music that led to the development of what was to be defined as rock. Because the development of rock and roll was a process, no single record can be identified as unambiguously the first rock. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
7.
Disco
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Disco is a genre of dance music containing elements of funk, soul, pop, and salsa. It achieved popularity during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s, Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. It was popular with men and women, from many different backgrounds. The disco sound often has several components, a beat, an eighth note or 16th note hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat. In most disco tracks, string sections, horns, electric piano, Orchestral instruments such as the flute are often used for solo melodies, and lead guitar is less frequently used in disco than in rock. Many disco songs use electronic synthesizers, particularly in the late 1970s, well-known 1970s disco performers included Donna Summer, the Bee Gees, Boney M. KC and the Sunshine Band, The Trammps, Sylvester, Village People, Gloria Gaynor and Chic. While performers and singers garnered much attention, record producers working behind the scenes played an important role in developing the disco sound. Many non-disco artists recorded songs at the height of discos popularity. Disco was the last mass popular movement that was driven by the baby boom generation. Disco was a phenomenon, but its popularity drastically declined in the United States in 1980. Disco Demolition Night, an anti-disco protest held in Chicago on 12 July 1979, is thought of as a factor in discos fast. By the late 1970s most major U. S. cities had thriving disco club scenes, Studio 54, a venue popular amongst celebrities, is a well-known example of a disco club. Popular dances included the Hustle, a suggestive dance. Discotheque-goers often wore expensive, extravagant and sexy fashions, Disco clubs were also associated with promiscuity. Disco was a key influence on the 1980s electronic dance style called house. The term is derived from discothèque, by the early 1940s, the terms disc jockey and DJ were in use to describe radio presenters. During WWII, because of restrictions set in place by the Nazi occupiers, eventually more than one of these jazz venues had the proper name discothèque. By 1959, the term was used in Paris to describe any of these type of nightclubs and that year a young reporter named Klaus Quirini started to select and introduce records at the Scotch-Club in Aachen, West Germany
8.
Electronic music
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In general, a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound producing devices include the telharmonium, Hammond organ, purely electronic sound production can be achieved using devices such as the theremin, sound synthesizer, and computer. During the 1920s and 1930s, electronic instruments were introduced and the first compositions for instruments were composed. Musique concrète, created in Paris in 1948, was based on editing together recorded fragments of natural and industrial sounds, Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in 1953. Electronic music was created in Japan and the United States beginning in the 1950s. An important new development was the advent of computers for the purpose of composing music, algorithmic composition was first demonstrated in Australia in 1951. In America and Europe, live electronics were pioneered in the early 1960s, during the 1970s to early 1980s, the monophonic Minimoog became once the most widely used synthesizer at that time in both popular and electronic art music. In the 1980s, electronic music became dominant in popular music, with a greater reliance on synthesizers, and the adoption of programmable drum machines. Electronically produced music became prevalent in the domain by the 1990s. Contemporary electronic music includes many varieties and ranges from art music to popular forms such as electronic dance music. Today, pop music is most recognizable in its 4/4 form. At the turn of the 20th century, experimentation with emerging electronics led to the first electronic musical instruments and these initial inventions were not sold, but were instead used in demonstrations and public performances. The audiences were presented with reproductions of existing music instead of new compositions for the instruments, while some were considered novelties and produced simple tones, the Telharmonium accurately synthesized the sound of orchestral instruments. It achieved viable public interest and made progress into streaming music through telephone networks. Critics of musical conventions at the time saw promise in these developments, ferruccio Busoni encouraged the composition of microtonal music allowed for by electronic instruments. He predicted the use of machines in future music, writing the influential Sketch of a New Esthetic of Music, futurists such as Francesco Balilla Pratella and Luigi Russolo began composing music with acoustic noise to evoke the sound of machinery. They predicted expansions in timbre allowed for by electronics in the influential manifesto The Art of Noises, developments of the vacuum tube led to electronic instruments that were smaller, amplified, and more practical for performance. In particular, the theremin, ondes Martenot and trautonium were commercially produced by the early 1930s, from the late 1920s, the increased practicality of electronic instruments influenced composers such as Joseph Schillinger to adopt them
9.
New wave music
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New wave is a genre of rock music popular from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with ties to 1970s punk rock. New wave moved away from smooth blues and rock and roll sounds to create pop music that incorporated electronic and experimental music, mod, initially new wave was similar to punk rock, before becoming a distinct genre. It subsequently engendered subgenres and fusions, including synth-pop, college rock, common characteristics of new wave music include the use of synthesizers and electronic productions, the importance of styling and the arts, as well as diversity. In the mid-1980s, differences between new wave and other genres began to blur. New wave has enjoyed resurgences since the 1990s, after a rising nostalgia for several new wave-influenced artists, subsequently, the genre influenced other genres. During the 2000s, a number of acts explored new wave and post-punk influences, such as the Strokes, Interpol, Franz Ferdinand and these acts were sometimes labeled new wave of new wave. The catch-all nature of new music has been a source of much confusion. The 1985 discography Whos New Wave in Music listed artists in over 130 separate categories, the New Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock calls the term virtually meaningless, while AllMusic mentions stylistic diversity. New wave first emerged as a genre in the early 1970s, used by critics including Nick Kent and Dave Marsh to classify such New York-based groups as the Velvet Underground. It gained currency beginning in 1976 when it appeared in UK punk fanzines such as Sniffin Glue and newsagent music weeklies such as Melody Maker and New Musical Express. In November 1976 Caroline Coon used Malcolm McLarens term new wave to designate music by bands not exactly punk, the term was also used in that sense by music journalist Charles Shaar Murray in his comments about the Boomtown Rats. For a period of time in 1976 and 1977, the new wave. By the end of 1977, new wave had replaced punk as the definition for new music in the UK. As radio consultants in the United States had advised their clients that punk rock was a fad, like the filmmakers of the French new wave movement, its new artists were anti-corporate and experimental. At first, most U. S. writers exclusively used the new wave for British punk acts. Music historian Vernon Joynson claimed that new wave emerged in the UK in late 1976, in the U. S. the first new wavers were the not-so-punk acts associated with the New York club CBGB. CBGB owner Hilly Kristal, referring to the first show of the band Television at his club in March 1974, said, furthermore, many artists who would have originally been classified as punk were also termed new wave. A1977 Phonogram Records compilation album of the same name features US artists including the Dead Boys, Ramones, Talking Heads, New wave is much more closely tied to punk and came and went more quickly in the United Kingdom than in the United States
10.
Progressive rock
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Progressive rock is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s. Prog is based on fusions of styles, approaches and genres, Prog saw a high level of popularity in the early-to-mid 1970s, but faded soon after. Conventional wisdom holds that the rise of rock caused this. Music critics, who labelled the concepts as pretentious and the sounds as pompous and overblown. Early groups who exhibited progressive features are described as proto-prog. In 1967, progressive rock constituted a diversity of loosely associated style codes, the Canterbury scene, originating in the late 1960s, denoted a subset of prog bands who emphasised the use of wind instruments, complex chord changes and long improvisations. Rock in Opposition, from the late 1970s, was more avant-garde, in the 1980s, a new subgenre, neo-progressive rock, enjoyed some commercial success, although it was also accused of being derivative and lacking in innovation. Post-progressive draws upon newer developments in music and the avant-garde since the mid 1970s. The term progressive rock is synonymous with art rock, classical rock, historically, art rock has been used to describe at least two related, but distinct, types of rock music. Similarities between the two terms are that they describe a mostly British attempt to elevate rock music to new levels of artistic credibility. However, art rock is likely to have experimental or avant-garde influences. Prog was devised in the 1990s as a term, but later became a transferable adjective. Although a unidirectional English progressive style emerged in the late 1960s, by 1967, critics of the genre often limit its scope to a stereotype of long solos, overlong albums, fantasy lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill. Author Kevin Holm-Hudson believes that rock is a style far more diverse than what is heard from its mainstream groups. They each do so largely unconsciously, academic John S. Cotner contests Macans view that progressive rock cannot exist without the continuous and overt assimilation of classical music into rock. Debate about the criteria and scope of the genre continues in the 2010s. In early references to the music, progressive was partly related to progressive politics, Cotner also says that progressive rock incorporates both formal and eclectic elements, It consists of a combination of factors – some of them intramusical, others extramusical or social. One way of conceptualising rock and roll in relation to music is that progressive music pushed the genre into greater complexity while retracing the roots of romantic
11.
ZTT Records
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ZTT Records is a British record label founded in 1983 by NME journalist Paul Morley, record producer Trevor Horn, and businesswoman Jill Sinclair. The labels name was printed as Zang Tumb Tuum and Zang Tuum Tumb on various releases. ZTT is an initialism of Filippo Tommaso Marinettis sound poem Zang Tumb Tumb which had described zang tumb tumb as the sound of a machine gun. The majority of the team at ZTT had first assembled when Horn produced the acclaimed album The Lexicon of Love for British pop band ABC. A precursor to ZTT was the short-lived Perfect label, spun off from the newly founded Perfect Songs publishing subsidiary of Trevor Horn, Perfect Recordings only released The Buggles Adventures in Modern Recording and the singles derived from it. In 1983 Horn, Sinclair and Morley founded ZTT Records which soon boomed into success, Sinclair became ZTTs managing director, while Paul Morley concentrated on marketing duties. In the same year Sinclair and Horn acquired Basing Street Studios from Island Records in exchange for distributing the ZTT label, ZTTs first major signing was Frankie Goes To Hollywood, whose hits Relax and Two Tribes were among the most influential and best-selling singles of the decade. It was the second single, Relax, that became the labels first number one in January 1984. Relax stayed in the Top 75 for a year and ZTT was well. During the 1980s also Grace Jones and Art Of Noise were ZTT acts to chart, in the early days, the label also helped to shape the very structure and format of pop music and turned every aspect of the business of pop into entertainment. In 1984, the Horn-Sinclair family businesses were reorganized as SPZ Group, from the beginning, the majority of ZTT releases were published by Perfect Songs and recorded at Sarm Studios. The latter part of the decade was eclipsed by the legal battle between ZTT and Holly Johnson who fought his way out of the strict, long recording agreement. Similarly, in disagreement, a few other ZTT artists, like Art of Noise, propagandas case was settled out of court, Johnson won his outright. In the late 1980s ZTT refocused on the dance music scene. Manchester group 808 State would reach the top 10 with their anthemic song Pacific State, seal was the next major ZTT act to emerge in 1990. The Action Series was issued mainly to singles and albums by a majority of the labels artists, however to confuse matters the series also contains a booklet and a concert. The Action series was discontinued by ZTT in 1988, aS1, Frankie Goes to Hollywood - Relax AS2, Propaganda - Dr. Retrieved 2007-08-19. Zang Tuum Tumb and all that - Home
12.
The Buggles
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The Buggles were an English new wave band formed in London in 1977 by singer and bassist Trevor Horn and keyboardist Geoffrey Downes. They are best known for their 1979 debut single Video Killed the Radio Star that topped the charts in 16 countries, formed in London, the duo released their first album, The Age of Plastic, in January 1980 with Video Killed the Radio Star as its lead single. Its music video was the first shown on MTV in the US in August 1981, soon after the albums release, Horn and Downes joined the progressive rock band Yes, recording and releasing Drama in the process. Following a tour to promote the album, Yes disbanded in 1980, the following year, the Buggles released a second album, Adventures in Modern Recording. Its lack of success led to the break up of the group. Since 1998, Horn and Downes have occasionally performed the Buggles songs, then somebody said as a joke that the Bugs would never be as big as The Beatles. So we changed it to the Buggles, Horn later spoke of its name, I know the names awful, but at the time it was the era of the great punk thing. Id got fed up of producing people who were generally idiots but called themselves all sorts of names like the Unwanted, the Unwashed. When it came to choosing our name I thought Id pick the most disgusting name possible, in retrospect I have frequently regretted calling myself Buggles, but in those days I never really thought much about packaging or selling myself, all that really concerned me was the record. Horn began his career producing jingles and punk rock groups, Downes was a keyboardist in Shes French and graduated from Leeds College of Music in 1975, after which he moved to London for keyboard work. The two first met in 1976 at auditions for Tina Charles backing band and worked with her producer, Biddu, Horn met musician Bruce Woolley while playing the bass guitar in the house band at the Hammersmith Odeon. Both expressed an interest in Kraftwerk and Daniel Miller, leading them to read Crash by J. G, ballard. and would never be seen. Though unsure on what they wished to do them, Downes remembered that we knew even then. There was some distant goal that had to be reached, Downes claimed Island rejected them three times before a final deal was agreed upon. With a recording contract with Island secure, The Buggles recorded their debut album, The Age of Plastic. Initially, the demo of Video Killed the Radio Star featured vocals by Tina Charles, although the song was primarily a Woolley composition, he ended his association with Horn and Downes before its release as a single to form The Camera Club. Making The Age of Plastic involved several months of tiresome and intense experiment with equipment and techniques. Debi Doss and Linda Jardim, the voices on Video Killed the Radio Star
13.
Yes (band)
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Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson and bassist Chris Squire. The band has undergone numerous formations throughout its history, nineteen musicians have been full-time members, since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood. Yes adopted several changes in style, from rearranged covers to progressive and art rock in the 1970s. They have sold 13.5 million RIAA-certified albums in the US, Yes changed their name from Mabel Greers Toyshop and performed rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs as evident on their first two albums. Yes toured as a rock act that earned the band a reputation for their elaborate stage sets, light displays. The success of Roundabout, the single from Fragile, cemented their popularity across the decade, in 1983, Yes reformed with a new line-up that included guitarist Trevor Rabin and a more commercial and pop-oriented musical direction. The result was 90125, their album which contained the US number one single. From 1990 to 1992, Yes were an eight-member formation after they merged with Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe to release Union, since 1994, Yes have released albums with varied levels of success and completed tours from 1997 to 2004. After a four-year break in activity, they resumed touring in 2008 and continue to release albums, Yes are one of the most successful, influential, and longest-lasting progressive rock bands. In 1985, they won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance with Cinema, Yes have headlined annual progressive rock-themed cruises since 2013 named Cruise to the Edge. Their discography spans 21 studio albums, the band will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2017. In 1967, bassist Chris Squire joined the rock band Mabel Greers Toyshop, with singer and guitarist Clive Bayley, drummer Bob Hagger and they played at the Marquee Club in Soho, London where Jack Barrie, owner of the nearby La Chasse club, saw them perform. There was nothing outstanding about them, he recalled, the musicianship was very good, Barrie introduced Squire to singer Jon Anderson, a worker at the bar in La Chasse, who found they shared interests in Simon & Garfunkel and harmony singing. That evening at Squires house they wrote Sweetness, which was included on the first Yes album, meanwhile, Banks had left Mabel Greers Toyshop to join Neat Change, but he was dismissed by this group on 7 April 1968. In June 1968, Hagger was replaced in the nascent Yes by Bill Bruford, who had placed an advertisement in Melody Maker, finally, the classically trained organist and pianist Tony Kaye, of Johnny Taylors Star Combo and The Federals, became the keyboardist and the fifth member. The newborn band rehearsed in the basement of The Lucky Horseshoe cafe on Shaftesbury Avenue between 10 June and 9 July 1968, Anderson suggested that they call the new band Life while Squire suggested that it be called World. At Banks suggestion, the first gig under the new brand followed at a camp in East Mersea. Early sets were formed of songs from artists such as the Beatles
14.
Art of Noise
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The group had international Top 20 hits with Kiss and the instrumental Peter Gunn, which won a 1986 Grammy Award. The groups mostly instrumental compositions were novel melodic sound collages based on digital sampler technology, inspired by turn-of-the-20th-century revolutions in music, the Art of Noise were initially packaged as a faceless anti- or non-group, blurring the distinction between the art and its creators. The band is noted for use of electronics and computers in pop music. From the earliest releases on ZTT, the referred to itself as both Art of Noise and The Art of Noise. Official and unofficial releases and press material use both versions, the technological impetus for the Art of Noise was the advent of the Fairlight CMI sampler, an electronic musical instrument invented in Australia. With the Fairlight, short digital sound recordings called samples could be played through a keyboard, while a computer processor altered such characteristics as pitch. Music producer Trevor Horn was among the first people to purchase a Fairlight, in 1981, Horns production team included programmer J. J. Jeczalik, engineer Gary Langan and keyboard player/string arranger Anne Dudley. The team also worked on Malcolm McLarens 1982 album Duck Rock, during January 1983, Horns team were working on the Yes comeback album 90125 – Horn as producer, Langan as engineer, and Dudley and Jeczalik providing arrangements and keyboard programming. During the sessions, Jeczalik and Langan took a scrapped Alan White drum riff, Jeczalik and Langan then added non-musical sounds on top of it, before playing the track to Horn. This in turn resulted in the Red & Blue Mix of Yes Owner of a Lonely Heart single, Morley came up with the project name. Much later, in a July 2002 article penned for The Guardian, if over the years people asked me what I did in the group, I replied that I named them, and it was such a great name, that was enough to justify my role. I was the Ringo Starr of Art of Noise, oh, and I wrote the lyrics to one of the loveliest pieces of pop music ever, Moments in Love. Horn himself joined the new group as production advisor and provider of further ideas and this was the first time that he had been part of a group since parting company with his Buggles partner Geoff Downes. It would also be the first and last time that he would enjoy success as an artist since the new wave hit in 1979 with Video Killed the Radio Star. The debut Art of Noise EP, Into Battle with the Art of Noise, the track has often been mistakenly credited by some to be the theme tune for the ITV game show The Krypton Factor. The Krypton Factor was actually composed and recorded in 1986 and was reworked as Crusoe on their 1987 album, the first Art of Noise album, Whos Afraid of the Art of Noise. was released in 1984. During this period, the group presented themselves as faceless, Anne, When the group first started, we thought it would be a good idea to have an image that wasnt based around a fashion look. We thought it would encourage people to look at the music instead of the members of the band and it didnt last for long, though
15.
Seal (musician)
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Seal Henry Olusegun Olumide Adeola Samuel, better known by his stage name Seal, is an English singer and songwriter. He has sold more than 30 million records worldwide and is known for his hits, including Kiss from a Rose. He was a coach on The Voice Australia in 2012 and 2013, Seal has won multiple awards throughout his career, including three Brit Awards, he won Best British Male in 1992, as well as four Grammy Awards and an MTV Video Music Award. As a songwriter, he received the British Academys Ivor Novello Award, for Best Song Musically and Lyrically, in years for Killer. Seal was born Seal Henry Olusegun Olumide Adeola Samuel at Paddington General Hospital in Paddington, London, to a Nigerian mother, Adebisi Ogundeji, Seals first and middle names are in the Yoruba language. He was raised by a family in Westminster, London. He received a diploma in architecture and worked various jobs in the London area. In the 1980s, Seal spent a time singing in local clubs. In 1987 he joined Push, a British funk band and toured with them in Japan, in Thailand he joined a blues band for a while before separating from the group and journeying throughout India on his own. He returned to England, sleeping on the couch of friend Julian Bunster and he sometimes asked him do I sing well. To which he received the response that he sang better than most current artists. His first break came with SExpress sharing vocals with their UK top 10 hit and he then met the producer Adamski and was given the lyrics of the song Killer, which was a huge hit in 1990 and catapulted his career. Seal first came to attention as vocalist on the Adamski single Killer in 1990. The single eventually reached number one in the UK, Seal subsequently signed to ZTT Records and released his self-titled début album in 1991. Two versions of the album are known to be in circulation, the original premix version and this is attributed to the demand for a produced single rushing the final album edit and, as Seal puts it, his and producer Horns inability to let go. Seal was positively received by critics, the singles Crazy, Future Love Paradise and his own rendition of Killer performed well on the charts. In particular, Crazy became a hit in 1991, reaching number two in the UK Singles Chart and number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US. Seal stole the show at the 1992 Brit Awards held at the Hammersmith Odeon, London and he won in three categories, Best British Male, Best British Video and Best British Album
16.
Geoff Downes
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Born in Stockport, Downes moved to London to pursue a music career. In 1977, he formed The Buggles with Horn and enjoyed success with their first album The Age of Plastic which contained the hit single Video Killed the Radio Star. In May 1980, Downes joined Yes with Horn and recorded Drama, after Yes disbanded in 1981, Downes helped Trevor Horn to produce a second Buggles album, Adventures in Modern Recording although he only was involved primarily in sound effects on a few tracks. In 2006, Downes reunited the original Asia line-up and rejoined Yes in 2011, since 1998, he has reunited with Horn on special occasions to perform songs from The Buggles. Downes entered the Guinness Book of Records for performing with a record 28 keyboards on stage in a single performance, Downes was born at Stepping Hill Hospital in Stockport, Cheshire, the son of musical parents. His father was a church organist and his mother a pianist and he also took up the keyboards and played in a succession of local bands. He attended Stockport Grammar School before studying at Leeds College of Music, after graduating he moved to London, where he played sessions and composed advertising jingles. In the mid-1970s, Downes was a member of Shes French, playing a Fender Rhodes electric piano, the band also included Jamie West-Oram on guitar and Hoagy Davies, the son of Rupert Davies, on Minimoog synthesizer. Then they formed the short lived Chromium, with Anne Dudley and Hans Zimmer, then they continued to work together, eventually forming The Buggles, recording a worldwide hit single Video Killed the Radio Star in 1979. It was Island Records first number 1 in the UK, the success of The Buggles led to Downes and Horn joining Yes for the Drama album and the associated tour in 1980. Downes was the first member of the band to have completed a music degree, Yes split at the beginning of 1981, and Downes subsequently joined forces with guitarist Steve Howe, bassist/vocalist John Wetton and drummer Carl Palmer to form Asia. In 1989, Downes was involved in the remake of Deep Purples 1972 song Smoke on the Water to raise funds for the Spitak earthquake victims, in 2005, he joined Yes drummer Alan Whites eponymous band, White, on their debut album. Downes has continued to release solo albums over the years. They include the critically acclaimed 1986 double album The Light Programme, in addition to Vox Humana, Shadows & Reflections and he performed a sold out one-man show in 2003 at St Cyprians Church in London, which was recorded using ambisonics technology. He has also worked extensively as a producer with acts as Mike Oldfield, Thompson Twins. As a songwriter, he has written for Agnetha Fältskog of ABBA and he is also credited as a co-writer on Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe album, he is credited due to Howe re-using some musical ideas from Asia. In recent years, Downes has teamed up with Wetton in a project under the name Icon. They have released three albums, Icon, Icon II, Rubicon, and Icon 3 and live album from their 2005 tour
17.
Video Killed the Radio Star
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Video Killed the Radio Star is a song written by Trevor Horn, Geoff Downes and Bruce Woolley in 1977. It was first recorded by Bruce Woolley and The Camera Club for their album English Garden, the track was recorded and mixed in 1979, released as their debut single on 7 September 1979 by Island Records, and included on their first album The Age of Plastic. The backing track was recorded at Virgins Town House in West London, like all the other tracks from the LP, Videos theme was promotion of technology while worrying about its effects. This song relates to concerns about mixed attitudes towards 20th-century inventions, musically, the song performs like an extended jingle and the composition plays in the key of D-flat major in common time at a tempo of 132 beats per minute. The track has been received, with reviewers praising its unusual musical pop elements. Commercially, Video Killed the Radio Star was also a success and it also peaked within the top 10 in Canada, Germany, New Zealand and South Africa, the top 20 in Belgium and the Netherlands, and barely in the top 40 in the United States. The song has received critical accolades, such as being ranked number 40 on VH1s 100 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the 80s. It has been covered by recording artists. Trevor Horn has done performances of the song, both at Buggles reunion performances and with The Producers, since 1998, the Buggles, which formed in 1977, first consisted of Trevor Horn, Geoff Downes and Bruce Woolley. The piece was built up from a riff developed by Woolley. It is one of the three Buggles songs that he assisted in writing, the two others being Clean, Clean and On TV. An early demo of the song they did helped the group get signed to Island Records to record and publish their debut album The Age of Plastic. Woolley left during recording to form his own band, The Camera Club, Horn claimed that Kraftwerk was another influence of the song. It was like you could see the future when you heard Kraftwerk, something new is coming, something different. So we had all of that, myself and Bruce, all the tracks of The Age of Plastic deal with positives and concerns of the impact of modern technology. Woolley worried about the name, given the existence of a band with the name Radio Stars. Musically, Video Killed the Radio Star is a new wave and it performs like an extended jingle, sharing its rhythm characteristics with disco. The piece plays in common time at a tempo of 132 beats per minute. It is in the key of D♭ major, and six basic chords are used in the chord progression
18.
ABC (band)
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ABC are an English new wave and synth-pop band that formed in Sheffield in 1980. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Martin Fry, keyboardist and guitarist Mark White, saxophonist Stephen Singleton, ABC developed from an earlier band, Vice Versa, and established themselves as part of the New Romantic movement, with Fry being famed for his gold lamé suit. Their 1982 debut album, The Lexicon of Love, was a UK number-one and they achieved ten UK, the band, now essentially singer Fry solo, continue to tour and released their ninth studio album, The Lexicon of Love II, in 2016. ABC has its roots in the band Vice Versa, a Sheffield band formed in 1977 by synthesizer-players Stephen Singleton and their debut gig was as the support to Wire at the Outlook club in Sheffield. They founded their own label, Neutron Records, releasing the EP Music 4, Martin Fry, who wrote the fanzine Modern Drugs, interviewed Vice Versa and shortly afterwards they asked him to join as synthesizer player. Fry accepted and by late 1980 the band had evolved into ABC, the last performance as Vice Versa was at the Futurama 2 Festival in Leeds in September 1980, from there on it was as ABC, with Singleton playing saxophone and White playing guitars and keyboards. In the new year they were joined by Mark Lickley on bass, the bands first single, Tears Are Not Enough, made the UK Top 20 in 1981. Soon afterwards, Robinson left the band and was replaced by David Palmer, in 1982, the band released their debut studio album The Lexicon of Love, which reached number-one on the UK Albums Chart. The band had three Top 10 hits during 1982, the singles Poison Arrow, The Look of Love, several high-concept music videos were made, including the long-form spy pastiche Mantrap. The remaining members found it difficult to follow-up on the success of their debut and their second album, Beauty Stab, was released in November 1983, produced by Gary Langan who was the engineer on The Lexicon of Love. It performed poorly in comparison to its predecessor, peaking at No.12, the first single from the album, That Was Then but This Is Now, briefly appeared in the UK Top 20, followed by a Top 40 showing for SOS. The band eschewed remixes for the project and so the 12 single for That Was Then, Singleton left the band shortly after the release of Beauty Stab as a result of Fry and Whites reluctance to spend much time touring the bands material. Fry and White then enlisted the services of Fiona Russell Powell and this line-up recorded the album How to Be a. The bands chart success dwindled further in the UK with this album, but they did score their first US Top 10 hit with Be Near Me, the album also featured the singles Millionaire, Vanity Kills and Ocean Blue. Inspiration for the cartoons of the band members was taken from a photo shoot by David Levine whose work featured on many of the sleeves for singles released from this album. Keith LeBlanc from Tackhead programmed much of the work for the album. After a hiatus, during which Fry was being treated for Hodgkins lymphoma, he and White reconvened ABC as a duo, the album returned them to the UK Top 10 for the first time in five years, peaking at No.7. It featured When Smokey Sings, a tribute to Smokey Robinson, the album also spawned The Night You Murdered Love and King Without a Crown as singles
19.
Malcolm McLaren
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After a spell advising the New York Dolls in the US, McLaren managed the Sex Pistols, for which he recruited the nihilistic frontman Johnny Rotten. When accused of turning popular culture into a marketing gimmick. In his later years, he lived in Paris and New York City, McLaren was born on 22 January 1946 to Peter McLaren, a Scottish engineer, and Emily Isaacs, in post-World War II North London. McLaren told Andrew Denton on Enough Rope that his grandmother always said to him, to be good is simply boring. In The Ghosts of Oxford Street he says Charles Clore became his mothers lover, when he was six, McLarens mother married Martin Levi, a rag trade entrepreneur, together they operated womens-wear business Eve Edwards with a factory in Londons East End. McLaren left home in his teens, and, after trying out a series of jobs, he attended several art colleges, including Goldsmiths, Central Saint Martins, and Harrow School of Art. In the late 1960s McLaren was attracted to the Situationist movement, particularly the UK wing King Mob, in 1968 McLaren tried unsuccessfully to travel to Paris to join the demonstrations there. Instead, with fellow student Jamie Reid, he took part in a student occupation of Croydon Art School, McLaren later grafted some of the movements ideas into promotion of pop and rock groups. McLaren and Westwood gathered custom from Teddy Boys and also designed clothing for theatrical, in August 1973, McLaren and Westwood visited New York to participate in the National Boutique Fair, where they met the New York Dolls and began to supply the group with stage wear. In October 1974, the store was renamed SEX to reflect a growing preoccupation with fetishwear and this ploy was not successful and the Dolls soon broke up. In April 1975, McLaren returned to Britain, Lydon, dubbed Johnny Rotten, joined and McLaren provided the name Sex Pistols. NME – November 1976 In May 1977, the band released God Save the Queen during the week of Queen Elizabeth IIs Silver Jubilee, McLaren organised a boat trip down the Thames where the Sex Pistols would perform their music outside the Houses of Parliament. The boat was raided by the police and McLaren was arrested, the band released their album Never Mind the Bollocks, Heres the Sex Pistols in October 1977 and played their last UK gig before embarking upon a US tour in January 1978. During his time managing the band McLaren was accused by members of mismanaging them. McLaren stated that he had planned out the path of the Sex Pistols. McLaren kept the Sex Pistols contract rights until Lydon took him to court in the 1980s to win the rights, Lydon won and gained complete control from McLaren in 1987. McLaren and Lydon refused to speak to each other after the band split, in the 2000 film The Filth and the Fury, the surviving members of the Sex Pistols put their version of events on film. McLaren was approached by Adam Ant to manage Adam and the Ants, shortly thereafter three members of the band left to form Bow Wow Wow under McLarens management
20.
Frankie Goes to Hollywood
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Frankie Goes to Hollywood, formed in 1980, were a British band popular in the mid-1980s. The group was fronted by Holly Johnson, with Paul Rutherford, Peter Gill, Mark OToole and it also won the 1985 Brit Award for Best British Single. This record remained unbeaten until the Spice Girls achieved a streak in 1996-1997. In 1985, Frankie Goes to Hollywood won the Brit Award for Best British Newcomer, songwriters Johnson, Gill and OToole received the 1984 Ivor Novello award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically for Two Tribes. In 2015 the song was voted by the British public as the nations 14th favourite 1980s number one in a poll for ITV, the original group named Frankie Goes to Hollywood dates from 1980. The nucleus of the group emerged from the late 1970s Liverpool punk scene, lead singer Johnson had played bass with Big in Japan and had also released two solo singles. Local musicians Peter Gill, Jed OToole, and OTooles cousin Brian Nash initially joined Johnson and this line-up secured a number of small local gigs before disbanding. The group was reprised when Johnson joined Mark OToole and Peter Ped Gill to form FGTH, in October 1982, the group recorded a John Peel Session for BBC Radio 1, comprising the originals Krisco Kisses, Two Tribes, Disneyland, and The World Is My Oyster. Around this time Jed OToole left the group, to be replaced by the returning Brian Nash, in February 1983, the group was invited to record a video for Relax by the Channel 4 show The Tube at the Liverpool State Ballroom. After the broadcast, the Peel session was repeated on radio, and these performances, along with a repeat of the Tube video, convinced Trevor Horn to sign the group for his new label, ZTT Records, in May 1983. Relax was released by ZTT in October 1983 and got a modicum of airplay, following a debut on the BBCs Top of the Pops on 5 January 1984 while at number 35, the single rose to number six the following week. On 11 January 1984, BBC Radio 1 disc jockey Mike Read was playing the record on his show when he noticed the front cover design. Relax immediately shot to Number One in the UK charts and stayed there for five weeks, during which time the BBC could not feature the nations best-selling single on Top of the Pops. The video featured a scene one of the band members wrestled a live tiger, to the admiration of the clubgoers. The BBC lifted its ban on Relax at the end of 1984 to allow the band to perform it on the Christmas edition of Top of the Pops, Relax remained in the charts when the follow-up, Two Tribes, was released in May 1984. The anti-conflict song was given an aggressively topical nuclear war slant.5 million copies, ultimately, the audience – consisting of other world leaders – were brought into the fight, and eventually Earth was seen to explode. Two Tribes was a single in its own right. The release of Two Tribes also coincided with an extensive and iconic T-shirt marketing campaign during the British summer of 1984, hide Yourself and Frankie Say Relax Dont Do It
21.
Sarm West Studios
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SARM Studios was a recording studio located in Notting Hill, London. The studios were established by Chris Blackwell, the founder of Island Records and it has also been known in the past as Island Studios. SARM is an acronym of Sound and Recording Mobiles, the studios were built inside a former church that had been deconsecrated. In 1970, two albums were recorded at the studios at the same time, Led Zeppelins Led Zeppelin IV. Similarly, Bob Marley & The Wailers and the Rolling Stones were in the studios at the time at one point in 1973. Marley also lived for a year in an apartment at SARM. Also the cathedral organ on George Michaels album Faith was played there, in the mid 1970s, Sarm was the first 24-track recording studio in England, it later became the first with 48-track facilities. In November 1984, Studio 1 at Sarm West was the venue for the recording of Do They Know Its Christmas by the members of Band Aid in support of efforts for the 1984–1985 famine in Ethiopia. In November 2014, the studios were used to record the Band Aid 30 charity single, in May 2011, the studios announced a major refurbishment which would result in two new studios as well as music business offices. The redesign would also include living accommodation, with the aim of facilitating a return to the studios’ 1970s policy of concentrating on long-term bookings, the studios are currently owned by SPZ Group, which is a holding company belonging to Trevor Horn and his late wife Jill Sinclair. The Sarm Studios complex also houses the offices of the SPZ-owned record labels ZTT Records and Stiff Records, and publishing companies Perfect Songs and Unforgettable Songs
22.
Perfect Songs
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Perfect Songs is an independent music publishing company with a catalogue containing many memorable songs of the past 25 years. It is part of the SPZ Group of companies also includes Sarm Studios, ZTT Records, Stiff Records. The company was formed in 1982 by record producer Trevor Horn and manager Jill Sinclair, in recent years, Perfect has signed David Jordan, singer-songwriter Kid Harpoon, Alistair Griffin, and Tim Hutton. Two of Perfects most enduring songwriters were both signed as almost complete unknowns, and have collected an impressive line of Grammy nominations. Seal, whose hits include Crazy, Kiss From A Rose, Killer, and Marsha Ambrosius, who signed to Perfect in the very early 2000s and has written for and in collaboration with Michael Jackson and Alicia Keys. They helped to some of the most memorable music of the 1980s and in the 1990s worked with Gabrielle, Mark Morrison, rapper MC Tunes. - All The Things She Said Article from Billboard -26 November 1988 Perfect Songs SPZ Group
23.
Brit Awards
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The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industrys annual pop music awards. The name was originally a form of British, Britain or Britannia. In addition, an equivalent awards ceremony for music, called the Classic Brit Awards, is held each May. Robbie Williams holds the record for the most Brit Awards,13 as a solo artist, the awards originated as an annual event in 1982 under the auspices of the British record industrys trade association, the BPI. In 1989 they were renamed the Brit Awards, masterCard has been the long-term sponsor of the event. The Brit Awards were broadcast live until 1989, when Samantha Fox, in subsequent years, the event was recorded and broadcast the following night. From 2007, the Brit Awards reverted to a live broadcast on British television, on 14 February on ITV. In that year, comedian Russell Brand was presenter and three awards were dropped from the ceremony, Best British Rock Act, Best British Urban Act, on 18 February 2009, the venue for the BRITs was once again the Earls Court, London. The Brit Awards were held at The O2 in London for the first time in 2011, the Brit Award statuette given to the winners features Britannia, the female personification of Britain. The first awards ceremony was in 1977, as The BRITish Record Industry BRITannia Awards, there have been 36 editions to date. The 2016 Brit Awards was held on 24 February 2016, the 1988 BPI Awards was the first of the ceremonies to be broadcast on live television. The BBC had previously broadcast the ceremony from 1985, with the shows from 1982 to 1984 not broadcast on television, the BBC continued to broadcast the renamed BRIT Awards, live in 1989 and pre-recorded from 1990 to 1992. ITV have broadcast the awards since 1993, pre-recorded until 2006, BBC Radio 1 has provided backstage radio coverage since 2008. In 1987 the BPI Awards ceremony was held in the Great Room at the Grosvenor House Hotel, at the time there was a BBC electricians strike in effect, and the organisers decided to use a non-TV events production company, called Upfront, to manage the show. Despite the show being picketed, the event was transmitted as intended, for a while the outdoor broadcast scanner was rocked on its wheels by the protesters and they managed to shut off the power to one of the big GE video screen projectors. In 1989, the ceremony was broadcast live and presented by Fleetwood Macs Mick Fleetwood, the inexperience of the hosts, an ineffective autocue and little preparation combined to create an unprofessional show that was poorly received. The 1990 awards ceremony saw the last public appearance of Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, Queen appeared at the ceremony to receive the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music. Mercury did not make a speech, as Brian May did the talking on behalf of the other members, in 1992, dance/art band The KLF were awarded Best British Group and were booked to open the show
24.
Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
25.
Kiss from a Rose
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Kiss from a Rose is a song from Seals second eponymous album. The song was first released as a single in July 1994, re-released in 1995, it was included on the Batman Forever film soundtrack, helping it top the charts in the U. S. and Australia. At the 1996 Grammy Awards, it won awards for Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Kiss from a Rose was written in 1987, several years prior to the release of Seals eponymous debut album from 1991. After writing the song Seal felt embarrassed by it and threw the tape in the corner, Seal did not present it to producer Trevor Horn until the recording sessions for Seal II. In 2015, Seal said of the song, To be honest, I was never really that proud of it and he turned that tape from my corner into another 8 million record sales and my name became a household name. Kiss from a Rose was the single taken from the Batman Forever film soundtrack. It also went to four on the UK Singles Chart. The single originally made it to #20 in 1994, but upon being re-released after being featured in the film and it also won the MTV Movie Award for Best Song from a Movie in the 1996 edition. Seal talked about the long, strange journey that the song went through on The Brian McKnight Show season finale that aired 30 May 2010 and he described how the song initially dropped out of the charts shortly after its release. Joel Schumacher subsequently called Seal, and requested use of the song to play over a scene between the characters played by Nicole Kidman and Val Kilmer in Batman Forever. Although the song was not incorporated into this scene, it was instead used to play over the end credits. Two versions of the video were produced, The original version is set in a photographic studio and was co-directed by Matthew Rolston. The 1966 film Blowup was heavily referenced in the video, the second version was directed by Joel Schumacher and has Seal performing the song beside the Bat-Signal, interspersed with clips from the film Batman Forever, with one clip from Batman Returns. This is the popular video of the song. The director of photography of this version of the video was Neil Abramson. Kiss from a Rose –3,38 Kiss from a Rose –4,47 Guitarist John Williams performed a version for his 1996 album John Williams Plays The Movies. The Kings Singers recorded a version of the song on their 1999 album Circle of Life, hank Marvin covered the song on his 2000 album Marvin at the Movies. Irish vocal trio Trinití recorded a version for their first self-titled album
26.
Ivor Novello Awards
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The Ivor Novello Awards, named after the Cardiff-born entertainer Ivor Novello, are awards for songwriting and composing. They have been presented annually in London by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors since 1955, nicknamed The Ivors, the awards take place each May and are sponsored by PRS for Music. They are respected worldwide as the platform for recognising and rewarding Britain. The Ivors remain the only award ceremony in the calendar that is not influenced by publishers and record companies. The Award itself is a bronze sculpture of Euterpe, the muse of lyric poetry. In 2008 Amy Winehouse received three nominations for Ivors, including two nominations in the same category, in 2010, an Ivor was awarded for the first time to a video game soundtrack, the PS3 title, Killzone 2, composed by Joris de Man. Category, Ivor Novello Award winners List of Ivor Novello Award winners TheIvors. co. uk - Official website BASCA Bucks Music Group - Ivor Novello Awards
27.
Triad (music)
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In music, a triad is a set of three notes that can be stacked vertically in thirds. The term harmonic triad was coined by Johannes Lippius in his Synopsis musicae novae, when stacked in thirds, notes produce triadic chords. Perfect fifths are the most commonly used interval above the root in Western classical, popular, some twentieth-century theorists, notably Howard Hanson and Carlton Gamer, expand the term to refer to any combination of three different pitches, regardless of the intervals amongst them. The word used by other theorists for this general concept is trichord. Others, notably Allen Forte, use the term to refer to combinations apparently stacked of other intervals, the root tone of a triad, together with the degree of the scale to which it corresponds, primarily determine a given triads function. Secondarily, a function is determined by its quality, major, minor. Major and minor chords are the most commonly used chord qualities in Western classical, popular, in standard tonal music, only major and minor chords can be used as a tonic in a song or some other piece of music. That is, a song or other vocal or instrumental piece can be in the key of C major or A minor, three of these four kinds of triads are found in the major scale. In popular music and 18th-century classical music, major and minor triads are considered to be consonant and stable, when we consider musical works we find that the triad is ever-present and that the interpolated dissonances have no other purpose than to effect the continuous variation of the triad. Triads are built by superimposing every other note of a diatonic scale, for example, a C major triad uses the notes C–E–G. This spells a triad by skipping over D and F, minor triads contain a minor third with a major third stacked above it, e. g. in the minor triad A–C–E, A–C is a minor third and C–E is a major third. Diminished triads contain two minor thirds stacked, e. g. B–D–F augmented triads contain two major thirds stacked, e. g. D–F♯–A♯, each triad found in a diatonic key corresponds to a particular diatonic function. Functional harmony tends to rely heavily on the primary triads, triads built on the tonic, subdominant, the roots of these triads begin on the first, fourth, and fifth degrees of the diatonic scale, otherwise symbolized, I, IV, and V. Primary triads, express function clearly and unambiguously and they function as auxiliary or supportive triads to the primary triads. Upper structure triad – triads superimposed on another harmony fretjam Guitar Theory - Triads on Guitar
28.
Sight-reading
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Sight-reading, also called a prima vista, is the reading and performing of a piece of music or song in music notation that the performer has not seen before. Sight-singing is used to describe a singer who is sight-reading, both activities require the musician to play or sing the notated rhythms and pitches. Many believe that sight-singing is the challenging of the two, because the musicians do not have any keys, frets or valves to help them obtain the correct pitches. However, difficulty is related both to the instrument and the difficulty of the piece itself, Udtaisuk and some other authors prefer the use of the more specific terms sight-playing and sight-singing where applicable. This differentiation leaves a third, more restricted use of the term sight-reading for the silent reading of music without creating sound by instrument or voice. Highly skilled musicians can sight-read silently, that is, they can look at the printed music, less able sight-readers generally must at least hum or whistle in order to sight-read effectively. This distinction is analogous to ordinary prose reading during the early Middle Ages, franz Liszt was famous for his capacity to play advanced piano pieces sight-reading the notes. The term a prima vista is also used, as Italian words, to play a musical piece a prima vista means to play it at first sight. According to Payne, the ability to hear the notes on the page is clearly akin to music reading, egregious errors can occur when a student, analyzing a piece of music, makes no effort to play or hear the composition but mechanically processes the notes on the page. The ability to sight-read is important for all musicians, even amateur performers, some professional orchestras ask prospective candidates for positions to sight-read orchestral parts. Some musicians can transpose music during performance to suit particular instruments or vocal ranges, to make the playing of the instrument or singing easier, according to Udtaisuk, many use the term sight-reading for instrumental sight-reading performance. Some authors, according to Udtaisuk, use the term sight-singing for vocal sight-reading, as with sight-playing, Udtaisuk advocates and uses the more descriptive term sightsinging for vocal sight-reading because sight-singing combines sight-reading and singing skills. The ability to sight-read partly depends on a strong short-term musical memory, storage of notational information in working memory can be expressed in terms of the amount of information and the time for which it must be held before being played. The relationship between load and latency changes according to tempo, such that t = x/y, where t is the change in tempo, x is the change in load, and y is the change in latency. Some teachers and researchers have proposed that the span can be trained to be larger than it would otherwise be under normal conditions. Human memory can be divided into three categories, Long-term Memory, Sensory Memory, and Short-term Memory. The paramount feature that distinguishes the working memory from both the long-term and sensory memory is this ability to simultaneously process and store information. Experiments dealing with memory span have been conducted by George Miller in 1956 that indicated, Most common number of items that can be stored in the memory is five plus or minus two. ”However, if this information is not retained and stored in ones long-term memory
29.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
30.
The Rolling Stones
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The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The original line-up consisted of Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since, following Wymans departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Other touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins, Billy Preston, the band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the bands songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album Their Satanic Majesties Request. During this period, they were first introduced on stage as The Worlds Greatest Rock, the band continued to release commercially successful records in the 1970s and sold many albums, including Some Girls and Tattoo You, which were their most popular albums worldwide. From 1983 to 1987, tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split, however, they managed to patch up their friendship in 1987. They separated temporarily to work on projects and experienced a comeback with Steel Wheels. Since the 1990s, new recorded material from the group has been increasingly less well-received, despite this, the Rolling Stones have continued to be a huge attraction on the live circuit, with stadium tours in the 1990s and 2000s. By 2007, the band had four of the top five highest-grossing concert tours of all time, Voodoo Lounge Tour, Bridges to Babylon Tour, Licks Tour and A Bigger Bang Tour. The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list and their estimated album sales are above 250 million. They have released 30 studio albums,18 live albums and numerous compilations, Let It Bleed was their first of five consecutive number one studio and live albums in the UK. Sticky Fingers was the first of eight number one studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart, in 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were childhood friends and classmates in Dartford, Kent, Jagger had formed a garage band with Dick Taylor, mainly playing Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin Wolf and Bo Diddley material. Jagger met Richards again in 1960 on platform two of Dartford railway station, the Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records that Jagger carried revealed a common interest that prompted their musical partnership
31.
Bob Dylan
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Bob Dylan is an American songwriter, singer, painter, and writer. He has been influential in music and culture for more than five decades. Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when his songs chronicled social unrest, early songs such as Blowin in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement. Leaving behind his initial base in the American folk music revival, his six-minute single Like a Rolling Stone, recorded in 1965, Dylans lyrics incorporate a wide range of political, social, philosophical, and literary influences. They defied existing pop music conventions and appealed to the burgeoning counterculture, initially inspired by the performances of Little Richard and the songwriting of Woody Guthrie, Robert Johnson, and Hank Williams, Dylan has amplified and personalized musical genres. Dylan performs with guitar, keyboards, and harmonica, backed by a changing lineup of musicians, he has toured steadily since the late 1980s on what has been dubbed the Never Ending Tour. His accomplishments as a recording artist and performer have been central to his career, since 1994, Dylan has published seven books of drawings and paintings, and his work has been exhibited in major art galleries. As a musician, Dylan has sold more than 100 million records and he has also received numerous awards including eleven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award. Dylan has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Minnesota Music Hall of Fame, Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame, and Songwriters Hall of Fame. The Pulitzer Prize jury in 2008 awarded him a citation for his profound impact on popular music and American culture. In May 2012, Dylan received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama, in 2016, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition. Bob Dylan was born Robert Allen Zimmerman in St. Marys Hospital on May 24,1941, in Duluth, Minnesota and he has a younger brother, David. Dylans paternal grandparents, Zigman and Anna Zimmerman, emigrated from Odessa, in the Russian Empire and his maternal grandparents, Ben and Florence Stone, were Lithuanian Jews who arrived in the United States in 1902. Dylans father, Abram Zimmerman – an electric-appliance shop owner – and mother, Beatrice Beatty Stone, were part of a small, close-knit Jewish community. They lived in Duluth until Robert was six, when his father had polio and the returned to his mothers hometown, Hibbing. In his early years he listened to the radio—first to blues and country stations from Shreveport, Louisiana, and later and he formed several bands while attending Hibbing High School. In the Golden Chords, he performed covers of songs by Little Richard and their performance of Danny & the Juniors Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay at their high school talent show was so loud that the principal cut the microphone. In 1959, his high school yearbook carried the caption Robert Zimmerman, the same year, as Elston Gunnn, he performed two dates with Bobby Vee, playing piano and clapping
32.
The Outer Limits (1963 TV series)
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The Outer Limits is an American television series that aired on ABC from 1963 to 1965 at 7,30 PM Eastern Time on Mondays. The series is compared to The Twilight Zone, but with a greater emphasis on science fiction stories. The Outer Limits is an anthology of self-contained episodes, sometimes with a plot twist at the end, the series was revived in 1995, airing on Showtime from 1995 to 2000, then on Sci-Fi Channel from 2001 until its cancellation in 2002. In 1997, the episode The Zanti Misfits was ranked #98 on TV Guides 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time, each show would begin with either a cold open or a preview clip, followed by a Control Voice narration that was mainly run over visuals of an oscilloscope. Until next week at the time, when the control voice will take you to – The Outer Limits. Later episodes used one of two shortened versions of the introduction, the first few episodes began simply with the title screen followed by the narration and no cold open or preview clip. The Control Voice was performed by actor Vic Perrin, the Outer Limits was originally broadcast on the American television network ABC. In total,49 episodes were produced and it was one of many series influenced by The Twilight Zone and Science Fiction Theatre, though it ultimately proved influential in its own right. In the un-aired pilot, the series was called Please Stand By, Series creator Leslie Stevens retitled it The Outer Limits. With a few changes, the pilot aired as the premiere episode, Writers for The Outer Limits included creator Stevens and Joseph Stefano, who was the Season 1 producer and creative guiding force. Stefano wrote more episodes of the show any other writer. Future Oscar-winning screenwriter Robert Towne wrote The Chameleon, which was the episode filmed for Season 1. Two especially notable Season 2 episodes Demon with a Glass Hand and Soldier were written by Harlan Ellison, the former was for several years the only episode of The Outer Limits available on laser-disc. Season 1 combined science-fiction and horror, while Season 2 was more focused on science fiction stories. Each show in Season 1 was to have a monster or creature as a part of the story line. Season 1 writer and producer Joseph Stefano believed that element was necessary to provide fear, suspense. This kind of story element became known as the bear and this device was, however, mostly dropped in Season 2 when Stefano left. In other parts of the United States, the Thetan footage was tape-delayed until after the 11 oclock evening news, in still others, it was not shown at all
33.
The Kinks
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The Kinks were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, North London, in 1964 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies. They are regarded as one of the most important and influential bands of the era. The band emerged during the height of British rhythm and blues and Merseybeat and their third single, the Ray Davies-penned You Really Got Me, became an international hit, topping the charts in the United Kingdom and reaching the Top 10 in the United States. Between the mid-1960s and early 1970s, the released a string of hit singles, studio albums drew good reviews. Their music was influenced by a range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk. They gained a reputation for reflecting English culture and lifestyle, fuelled by Ray Davies observational writing style, in addition, groups such as Van Halen, the Jam, the Knack, the Pretenders and the Fall covered their songs, helping to boost the Kinks record sales. In the 1990s, Britpop acts such as Blur and Oasis cited the band as a major influence, the Kinks broke up in 1996, a result of the commercial failures of their last few albums and creative tension between the Davies brothers. Ray Davies and Dave Davies remained members throughout the groups 32-year run, longest-serving member Mick Avory was replaced by Bob Henrit, formerly of Argent, in 1984. Original bassist Pete Quaife was replaced by John Dalton in 1969, session keyboardist Nicky Hopkins accompanied the band in the studio for many of their recordings in the mid-to-late 1960s. In 1969 the band became an official five-piece when keyboardist John Gosling joined them, being replaced by Ian Gibbons in 1979, the group had five Top 10 singles on the US Billboard chart. Nine of their albums charted in the Top 40, in the UK, the group had seventeen Top 20 singles and five Top 10 albums. Four of their albums have been certified gold by the RIAA and have gone on to sell over 50 million albums worldwide, among numerous honours, they received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Service to British Music. In 1990, the four members of the Kinks were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Davies brothers were born in suburban North London on Huntingdon Road, East Finchley and their parents, Frederick and Annie Davies, moved the family to 6 Denmark Terrace, Fortis Green, in the neighbouring suburb of Muswell Hill. At home they were immersed in a world of varied styles, from the music hall of their parents generation to the jazz and early rock. Both Ray and his brother Dave, younger by almost three years, learned to play guitar, and they played skiffle and rock and roll together. The brothers attended William Grimshaw Secondary Modern School, where formed a band. Their debut at a dance was well received, which encouraged the group to play at local pubs
34.
BBC Radio Leicester
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BBC Radio Leicester is the BBC Local Radio service for the English counties of Leicestershire and Rutland. The station broadcasts from studios in Leicester on 104.9 FM, on DAB, BBC Radio Leicester was the first of the new wave of BBC Local Radio stations introduced in the 1960s. Radio Leicester began broadcasting at 12.45 pm on 8 November 1967 on 95.05 VHF from a transmitter located on Gorse Hill above the city centre. In 2007, the station celebrated its 40th Anniversary by launching a Ruby Rainbow Appeal in aid of the Rainbows Hospice based in Loughborough, special events took place throughout the year culminating in a final fund-raising appeal around the time of the anniversary in November 2007. As of June 2016, the station has a figure of 132,000. In 2005, the moved to new premises at 9 St Nicholas Place. This new centre is adjacent to the medieval Guildhall and Cathedral and includes many aspects of Leicesters history including Victorian tiles and an Undercroft with remains dating to Roman times. Although the stations FM transmitter mast is only 70 m tall, it is set 235 m above sea level on top of the Jurassic limestone ridge at Copt Oak and this is a high point in Charnwood Forest, part of the National Forest. The signal reaches a long way throughout the section of the East Midlands, Warwickshire. It can be received as far south as Towcester and as far north along the M1 as the Woodall service station near Sheffield and it can also be received in North East Doncaster in line of sight. Since 6 December 2002, the stations DAB signal has come from the NOW Digital East Midlands Leicester 11B multiplex, the Waltham transmitter and Houghton-on-the-Hill have a Digital One multiplex and Waltham has a BBC National DAB multiplex. The Copt Oak transmitter also broadcasts Gem 106, the majority of the stations programming is produced and broadcast from Leicester. During off-peak hours, BBC Radio Leicester also carries regional programming for the Midlands and East Midlands regions, produced from sister stations BBC WM and BBC Radio Nottingham. As with all BBC Local Radio stations, it airs the networked weekday evening shows, originating from BBC Radio Leeds. During the stations downtime, BBC Radio Leicester simulcasts BBC Radio 5 Live overnight, Houghton-on-the-Hill transmitter The old 837 kHz transmitter in Leicester Suspect dedication in 2006
35.
Leicester
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Leicester is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and the county town of Leicestershire. The city lies on the River Soar and at the edge of the National Forest, in the 2011 census the population of the City of Leicester unitary authority was 329,839 making it the most populous municipality in the East Midlands region. The associated urban area is also the 11th most populous in England, the name of Leicester is recorded in the 9th-century History of the Britons as Cair Lerion, and in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as Ligora-ceastre. In the Domesday Book of 1086, it is recorded as Ledecestre, the second element of the name comes from the Latin castrum which is reflected in both Welsh cair and Anglo-Saxon ceastre. Based on the Welsh name, Geoffrey of Monmouth proposes a king Leir of Britain as a founder in his Historia Regum Britanniae. Leicester is one of the oldest cities in England, with a going back at least two millennia. The native Iron Age settlement encountered by the Romans at the seems to have developed in the 2nd or 1st centuries BC. This area of the Soar was split into two channels, a stream to the east and a narrower channel on the west. The settlement seems to have controlled a ford across the larger channel, the later Roman name was a latinate form of the Brittonic word for ramparts, suggesting the site was an oppidum. The plural form of the name suggests it was composed of several villages. The Celtic tribe holding the area was recorded as the Coritanians. The Corieltauvians are believed to have ruled over roughly the area of the East Midlands and it is believed that the Romans arrived in the Leicester area around AD47, during their conquest of southern Britain. The Corieltauvian settlement lay near a bridge on the Fosse Way, in the 2nd century, it received a forum and bathhouse. In 2013, the discovery of a Roman cemetery found just outside the old city walls, the remains of the baths of Roman Leicester can be seen at the Jewry Wall, recovered artifacts are displayed at the adjacent museum. Knowledge of the following the Roman withdrawal from Britain is limited. Certainly there is continuation of occupation of the town, though on a much reduced scale in the 5th and 6th centuries. Its memory was preserved as the Cair Lerion of the History of the Britons, following the Saxon invasion of Britain, Leicester was occupied by the Middle Angles and subsequently administered by the kingdom of Mercia. It was elevated to a bishopric in either 679 or 680, this see survived until the 9th century and their settlement became one of the Five Burghs of the Danelaw, although this position was short-lived
36.
Leicester City F.C.
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Leicester City Football Club, also known as the Foxes, is an English professional football club based at the King Power Stadium in Leicester. They compete in the Premier League, Englands top tier of football, having been promoted as champions of the Football League Championship in 2013–14, this signalled a return to the top flight of English football after a decade away. The club was founded in 1884 as Leicester Fosse F. C. playing on a field near Fosse Road and they moved to Filbert Street in 1891, were elected to the Football League in 1894 and adopted the name Leicester City in 1919. They moved to the nearby Walkers Stadium in 2002, which was renamed the King Power Stadium after a change of ownership in 2011, Leicester City won the 2015–16 Premier League, their first top-level football championship. They are one of six clubs to have won the Premier League since its inception in 1992. A number of newspapers described their title win as the greatest sporting upset ever, multiple bookmakers had never paid out at such long odds for any sport. Due to the magnitude of the title win, it went down in English football history as one of the games finest ever achievements. The clubs previous highest ever finish was second place in the top flight, throughout Leicesters history, they have spent all but one season within the top two leagues of English football. They hold a joint-highest seven second-tier titles, the club have been FA Cup finalists four times, in 1948–49, 1960–61, 1962–63 and 1968–69. This is a tournament record for the most defeats in the final without having won the competition, City have several promotions to their name, two play-off final wins, and one League One title. In 1971, they won the FA Community Shield, and in 2016 and they have also won the League Cup three times in 1964,1997 and 2000, as well as being runners up in 1964–65 and 1999. Formed in 1884 by a group of old boys of Wyggeston School as Leicester Fosse, before moving to Filbert Street in 1891, the club played at five different grounds, including Victoria Park south-east of the city centre and the Belgrave Road Cycle and Cricket Ground. The club also joined the Midland League in 1891, and were elected to Division Two of the Football League in 1894 after finishing second. Leicesters first ever Football League game was a 4–3 defeat at Grimsby Town, with a first League win the following week, the same season also saw the clubs largest win to date, a 13–0 victory over Notts Olympic in an FA Cup qualifying game. In 1907–08 the club finished as Second Division runners-up, gaining promotion to the First Division, however, the club were relegated after a single season which included the clubs record defeat, a 12–0 loss against Nottingham Forest. In 1919, when League football resumed after World War I, the club was reformed as Leicester City Football Club, particularly appropriate as the borough of Leicester had recently been given city status. However the 1930s saw a downturn in fortunes, with the relegated in 1934–35 and, after promotion in 1936–37. City reached the FA Cup final for the first time in their history in 1949, the club, however, was celebrating a week later when a draw on the last day of the season ensured survival in Division Two
37.
Weather Report
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Weather Report was an American jazz fusion band of the 1970s and early 1980s. The band was initially co-led by the Austrian-born keyboard player Joe Zawinul, due to creative and financial disagreements Vitouš left the band after a few years. Zawinul took increasing control and steered the band towards a more funk, alongside Miles Daviss electric bands, the Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return to Forever, and Headhunters, Weather Report is considered to be one of the pre-eminent early jazz fusion bands. As a continuous working unit, Weather Report outlasted all of its contemporaries despite frequent changes of personnel, however, the band was nearly always a quintet of keyboards, sax, bass, drums, and percussion. Over a 16-year career, Weather Report explored various areas of music, centered on jazz, but also including elements of art music, ethnic music, R&B, funk. While their work was categorized as jazz fusion, the band members themselves generally rejected the term. This position remained consistent throughout the life of the band, from the mid-1970s, individual solos became more prominent, but were never allowed to overwhelm the musics collective approach. Initially, the music featured a free, extended improvisational method, but by the mid-1970s. Joe Zawinuls playing style was often dominated by quirky melodic improvisations combined with sparse, having originally made his name as a pioneering electric piano player, he went on to consistently develop the role of the synthesizer in jazz during his time with Weather Report. Working with companies such as ARP and Oberheim, Zawinul developed new ways of voicing and patching electronic tones for textures, ensemble roles and soloing. In Weather Report, he employed a vocoder, as well as recorded sounds played through a synthesizer, creating a very distinctive, often beautiful, synthesis of jazz harmonics. On some Weather Report tunes, however, Zawinuls synthesized arrangements dominated the sound, Wayne Shorter came to the group with a reputation as a dominant role as an instrumentalist, drawn from both his solo work and his contributions to Miles Davis’ second great quintet during the 1960s. His choice not to follow the approach with Weather Report led to some criticism of the group. During his time with Weather Report, Shorter was noted for playing saxophone with an economical. Rather than continually taking the lead, he generally added subtle harmonic, melodic, as a composer, though, he chose a more abstract, sometimes atonal and free jazz style of music, opposed to the sometimes flamboyant tunes of Weather Report. Weather Report maintained a consistent interest in a sound and developments in music technology. Both Zawinul and original bassist Miroslav Vitouš experimented with effects pedals with Zawinul using them on electric piano and synthesizers. With the exception of a brief period between 1978 and 1979, Weather Reports instrumentation always included both a drummer alongside a percussionist
38.
Herbie Hancock
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Herbert Jeffrey Herbie Hancock is an American pianist, keyboardist, bandleader, composer and actor. He was one of the first jazz musicians to embrace synthesizers, Hancocks music is often melodic and accessible, he has had many songs cross over and achieved success among pop audiences. Hancocks best-known compositions include Cantaloupe Island, Watermelon Man, Maiden Voyage, Chameleon, and his 2007 tribute album River, The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, only the second jazz album ever to win the award, after Getz/Gilberto in 1965. Hancock was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Winnie Belle, a secretary, and Wayman Edward Hancock and his parents named him after the singer and actor Herb Jeffries. He attended the Hyde Park Academy, like many jazz pianists, Hancock started with a classical music education. He studied from age seven, and his talent was recognized early, through his teens, Hancock never had a jazz teacher, but developed his ear and sense of harmony. He was also influenced by records of the group the Hi-Los. He reported that. by the time I actually heard the Hi-Los, I started picking that stuff out, my ear was happening. I could hear stuff and thats when I really learned some much farther-out voicings – like the harmonies I used on Speak Like a Child – just being able to do that, I really got that from Clare Fischers arrangements for the Hi-Los. Clare Fischer was an influence on my harmonic concept. he and Bill Evans. You know, thats where it came from, in 1960, he heard Chris Anderson play just once, and begged him to accept him as a student. Hancock often mentions Anderson as his harmonic guru, Hancock left Grinnell College, moved to Chicago and began working with Donald Byrd and Coleman Hawkins, during which period he also took courses at Roosevelt University. Byrd was attending the Manhattan School of Music in New York at the time and suggested that Hancock study composition with Vittorio Giannini, the pianist quickly earned a reputation, and played subsequent sessions with Oliver Nelson and Phil Woods. He recorded his first solo album Takin Off for Blue Note Records in 1962, Watermelon Man was to provide Mongo Santamaría with a hit single, but more importantly for Hancock, Takin Off caught the attention of Miles Davis, who was at that time assembling a new band. Hancock was introduced to Davis by the young drummer Tony Williams, Hancock received considerable attention when, in May 1963, he joined Daviss Second Great Quintet. Davis personally sought out Hancock, whom he saw as one of the most promising talents in jazz, the rhythm section Davis organized was young but effective, comprising bassist Ron Carter, 17-year-old drummer Williams, and Hancock on piano. After George Coleman and Sam Rivers each took a turn at the saxophone spot and this quintet is often regarded as one of the finest jazz ensembles, and the rhythm section has been especially praised for its innovation and flexibility. The second great quintet was where Hancock found his own voice as a pianist, not only did he find new ways to use common chords, but he also popularized chords that had not previously been used in jazz
39.
Shakatak
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Shakatak are an English jazz-funk band, founded in 1980. The group is active and popular throughout the world, particularly in Japan and the Far East. From their first release in August 1980, and their first album, Drivin Hard and it was the release of Easier Said Than Done that gave the band the radio exposure needed for their first top-twenty hit. This record introduced their instrumental-unison vocal sound to a wider audience. By now an international act, the success of the release gave them the number-one jazz album slot in Japan. Night Birds was used in the film, Away We Go, directed by Sam Mendes. Two more albums – Invitations and Out of This World – were recorded in 1982 and 1983, resulting in several more chart hits, and paving the way for the next major breakthrough in the bands career. With a subtle change in direction, yet still retaining the bands identity, Jill Saward became their sole lead singer to make Shakataks fifth album. The resulting single releases Down on the Street and Watching You had great success, the following year saw the release of the groups first live album, which was recorded in both Tokyo and London. However, following this success the band felt it was time that they re-directed their efforts back to singles, the result was Something Special, closely followed by the night club and chart hit Mr Manic & Sister Cool from their next LP, Manic and Cool. Shakatak continue to regularly throughout the world with recent festival performances at Jakjazz, the Jakarta International Jazz Festival, Bangkok, Hua Hin. They make annual appearances at the Billboard Clubs in Japan, the band celebrated their thirtieth anniversary year in 2010. Bassist George Anderson released his solo album, Expressions, on 3 September 2012 through Secret Records. Coming three years after his first album Positivity, this album again had Anderson writing, arranging and producing all of the tracks, keyboardist Bill Sharpe worked with American jazz pianist Don Grusin on a joint project called Geography released in 2007. Sharpes second collaboration with Grusin, Trans Atlantica, was released on 3 September 2012 and it was also issued through Secret Records, and included Geography as a special 2-CD package
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