Tudor conquest of Ireland
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Ireland was conquered by the Tudor monarchs of England in the 16th century. The Anglo-Normans had conquered swathes of Ireland in the late 12th century, bringing it under Anglo-Norman rule. In the 14t
Irish chieftain (left) receives a priest's blessing before departing to fight the English (right), who are shown in full armour and armed with muskets.
Irish Gaels in a painting from the 16th century
Irish Gaels, c. 1529
16th century Irish warriors, Gallowglass (left) and Kern (right). Drawing by Albrecht Dürer, 1521.
Nine Years' War (Ireland)
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The Nine Years' War was a conflict in Ireland between a confederacy of Irish lords and the English-led government. The war was primarily a response to the English Crown's advances into territory tradi
Tudor conquest of Ireland
…and making Anglican Protestantism the state religion. The Tudor policies in Ireland sparked the Desmond Rebellions (1569–1573, 1579–1583) and the Nine Years' War (1593–1603). Despite Spain sending an armada to support the Irish Catholics during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), by 1603 the entire country was…
Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, depicted in a Vatican fresco, c. 1610
Statue of Red Hugh O'Donnell at Curlew Pass, County Roscommon commemorating the Irish victory over the English in 1599
Charles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy, c. 1594