Tunnel warfare
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Tunnel warfare is using tunnels and other underground cavities in war. It often includes the construction of underground facilities in order to attack or defend, and the use of existing natural caves and artificial underground facilities for military purposes. Tunnels can be used to undermine fortifications and slip into enemy territory for a surprise attack, while it can strengthen a defense by creating the possibility of ambush, counterattack and the ability to transfer troops from one portion of the battleground to another unseen and protected. Also, tunnels can serve as shelter from enemy attack.
Diorama of defensive tunnels dug during the Second Sino-Japanese War
Explosion of the mine beneath Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt on the Western Front during World War I (July 1, 1916). Photo by Ernest Brooks
A Confederate counter mine burrow at Fort Mahone, Petersburg, Virginia
Example of a mine gallery with timber roof support
Siege of Dura-Europos (256)
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The siege of Dura Europos took place when the Sasanians under Shapur I besieged the Roman city of Dura-Europos in 256 after capturing Antioch.
Tunnels made by the Sasanians
Ruins of the city walls
The southern wall. One of the Sasanian assaults was performed against this side of the walls
The citadel