Turkish War of Independence
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The Turkish War of Independence was a series of military campaigns and a revolution waged by the Turkish National Movement, after the Ottoman Empire was occupied and partitioned following its defeat i
Clockwise from top left: Delegation gathered in Sivas Congress to determine the objectives of the Turkish National Movement; Turkish civilians carrying ammunition to the front; Kuva-yi Milliye infantry; Turkish horse cavalry in chase; Turkish Army's capture of Smyrna; troops in Ankara's Ulus Square preparing to leave for the front.
Front page of İkdam on 4 November 1918, "The Three Pashas Escaped"
Allied occupation troops marching at the Grande Rue de Péra (İstiklal Avenue)
Mustafa Kemal Pasha in 1918, then an Ottoman army general
Mehmed VI
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Mehmed VI Vahideddin, also known as Şahbaba among the Osmanoğlu family, was the last sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the penultimate Ottoman caliph, reigning from 4 July 1918 until 1 November 1922, w
Mehmed VI in 1918
Prince Vahdeddin, Resimli Kitab magazine
Sabiha Sultana’s wedding day in 1920, left to right: Ulviye Sultana, Dürrüşehvar Sultana, Nazikeda Kadınefendi, Sabiha, Mehmed Ertuğrul Efendi, Şehsuvar Hanımefendi
1916 portrait