1.
The Doctor (Doctor Who)
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The Doctor is the title character and protagonist in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who. The character has also featured in one made-for-television film. In the programme, the Doctor is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in his TARDIS, since the shows inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors. The War Doctor and an aborted regeneration are counted in his previous cycle of twelve regenerations, a number of other actors have played the character in stage and audio plays, as well as in various film and television productions. The character has been well received by the public, with his enduring popularity leading The Daily Telegraph to dub him Britains favourite alien. On 30 January 2017, Capaldi confirmed that the series would be his last. His kind have dedicated themselves to overseeing all of time and space without interference, the Doctor chose to leave his home by stealing an obsolete TARDIS model as revealed in the 1969 serial The War Games and depicted in the 2013 episode The Name of the Doctor. With this vehicle, the Doctor explores the universe with usually human companions who serve as audience surrogate characters to ask questions which allow the Doctor to provide relevant exposition, spin-off media offer the explanation that his true name is unpronounceable by humans. In The Name of the Doctor, the Eleventh Doctor tells companion Clara Oswald that the name Doctor is essentially a promise he made, the promise itself is revealed in The Day of the Doctor, Never cruel nor cowardly. The Doctors earlier life and childhood on Gallifrey has been little described, the classic programme refers to his time at the Academy and his affiliation with the notoriously devious Prydonian chapter of Time Lords. Some are inspired, some go mad and some run away, when asked to which group he belonged, he replied, Oh, the ones that ran away, I never stopped. In the Armageddon Factor, it is revealed that the Doctor scraped through the Academy with 51% on his second attempt, in The Time Meddler, it is said that the Doctor was fifty years before the Meddling Monk. In Time and the Rani, the Doctor claims to have attended University alongside the Rani, specialising in thermodynamics. In The Time Monster, the Doctor says he grew up in a house on a mountainside and he is later reunited with this former mentor, now on Earth posing as the abbot Kanpo Rimpoche, in Planet of the Spiders. In other media, more has been revealed of the Doctors early life, in the Past Doctor Adventures novel Divided Loyalties, the Doctor recalls his Academy years in a dream induced by the Celestial Toymaker. With this group, he learns about the Celestial Toymaker and travels to his realm in a type 18 TARDIS with Deca members Rallon and Millennia and this leads to the Doctors expulsion from the Academy, condemned to five hundred years in Records and Traffic Control. In The Quantum Archangel, it is revealed the Doctor studied cosmic science alongside the Master, feeling that too much of the Doctors backstory had been revealed by the Seventh Doctors era, writers Andrew Cartmel, Ben Aaronovitch and Marc Platt developed a new direction for the series. Cartmel wished to restore the awe, mystery and strength
2.
Doctor Who
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Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963. The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called The Doctor and he explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired. Accompanied by a number of companions, the Doctor combats a variety of foes, while working to save civilisations, the show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has gained a cult following. It has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series, the programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. There was an attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot. The programme was relaunched in 2005, and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff, twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor. The conceit is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body, each actors portrayal differs, but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative. The time-travelling feature of the means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet. The current lead, Peter Capaldi, took on the role after Matt Smiths exit in the 2013 Christmas special The Time of the Doctor, in 2017, Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series. Doctor Who follows the adventures of the character, a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey. He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen TARDIS – Time and Relative Dimension in Space – a machine which allows him to travel across time, the TARDIS has a chameleon circuit which normally allows the machine to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise. However, the Doctors TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British police box due to a malfunction in the chameleon circuit, the Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures. His companions are usually humans, as he has found a fascination with planet Earth, as a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged, taking on a new appearance and personality. The Doctor has gained numerous reoccurring enemies during his travels, including the Daleks, the Cybermen, and the Master, another renegade Time Lord. Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17,16,20 GMT, eighty seconds after the programme time,5,15 pm. It was to be a weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length. Discussions and plans for the programme had been in progress for a year, writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert also heavily contributed to the development of the series
3.
Deep Breath (Doctor Who)
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Deep Breath is the first episode of the eighth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, first broadcast on BBC One and released in cinemas on 23 August 2014. It was written by showrunner and executive producer Steven Moffat and directed by Ben Wheatley, the episode stars Peter Capaldi in his first full episode as the Twelfth Doctor, alongside Jenna Coleman as his companion Clara Oswald. It also features Neve McIntosh, Catrin Stewart, and Dan Starkey reprising their roles as Madame Vastra, Jenny Flint, capaldis predecessor, Matt Smith, also appears in a cameo. They are greeted by the Paternoster Gang, consisting of Silurian Madame Vastra, her maid and wife Jenny. Vastra instructs the police on how to calm and contain the dinosaur and takes the Doctor, while the Doctor rests, Vastra confronts Clara about her prejudiced attitude to the Doctors changed face. Clara admits that she is struggling to adapt to the new Doctor, due to his stark difference to the old one, the Doctor awakens to hear the dinosaurs pleas for help. He leaves his room and, gambolling along Londons rooftops, he out to assure the creature that he will return it to its proper time. The Doctor spots a man across the river and jumps into the water to investigate. Clara returns home with the others to start their own investigations, both Clara and the Doctor find a message reading The Impossible Girl in a newspaper, directing them to meet at a specific restaurant. They reunite, but learn that neither planted the message for the other and they discover that the room is filled with humanoid robots that prevent them leaving. They are then descended into a lair where they see the man from the river surrounded by other humanoid robots. Observing mismatched body parts, the Doctor surmises the man is a long-lived cyborg and it is a robot trying to make itself human by replacing its mechanical parts with biological ones taken from spontaneous combustion victims, including the dinosaur. The robots own face is only half-covered with skin, exposing part of its skulls mechanisms, the Doctor seemingly abandons Clara after escaping himself, just as the Half-Faced Man and the other robots begin to awaken. Recalling earlier advice hed given upstairs, Clara holds her breath to hide herself from the robots, however, she is soon captured and taken to the Half-Faced Man, who questions her about the Doctors whereabouts. Upon Claras prompting, he reveals that he is trying to reach the land by prolonging his life via parts replacements. The Doctor returns for Clara, having disguised himself as another of the robots. They signal the Paternoster Gang, who arrive and fight the robots with Clara while the Doctor chases the Half-Faced Man back to the restaurant. The Half-Faced Man deploys his escape pod — in reality, a balloon made of human skin—lifting the restaurant into the sky with him
4.
Peter Capaldi
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For reprising the role in the spinoff film In the Loop, Capaldi was honoured several film critic award nominations for Best Supporting Actor. He further took on the role of Paddington Bears irascible neighbour Mr. Curry in the comedy film Paddington. As a director, Capaldi won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film and he went on to write and direct the drama film Strictly Sinatra and helmed two series of sitcom Getting On. Capaldi was born in Glasgow, Scotland, the son of Nancy and his paternal grandfather was Italian while the rest of his ancestry is Scottish and Irish. His parents ran an ice cream business and he was educated at St Teresas Primary School in Possilpark, St Matthews Primary School in Bishopbriggs, and St Ninians High School, Kirkintilloch, before attending the Glasgow School of Art. Capaldi displayed a talent for performance by putting on a puppet show in primary school. While at high school, he was a member of the Antonine Players, as an art student, he was the lead singer and guitarist in a punk rock band called The Dreamboys, whose drummer was future comedian Craig Ferguson. Capaldi has appeared in over 40 films and television shows since his appearance as Danny Oldsen in Local Hero and he voiced Chief Petty Officer Grieves in the BBC Radio Ministry of Defence comedy Our Brave Boys. Capaldis first starring role on television was as Luke Wakefield, a gay man who imagines he has witnessed a crime. He played fictional Songs of Praise producer Tristan Campbell in two episodes of the sitcom The Vicar of Dibley, and a transvestite in ITVs Prime Suspect, in Neil Gaimans gothic fantasy Neverwhere, he portrayed the angel Islington. Capaldi is also a narrator, and his many titles include several of the works of Iain Banks. He starred as Rory in the 1996 television version of Bankss The Crow Road, in the 1999 Channel 4 series Psychos, he played a mathematician with bipolar disorder. Capaldi made an appearance as a university professor in the sitcom Peep Show, in 2007, Capaldi appeared as Mark Jenkins in the E4 teen comedy drama series Skins. He returned for a series in 2008, only to be killed off in the third episode. He appeared in the Midsomer Murders episode Death in Chorus and ITV1s Fallen Angel and he also appeared in the 2007 British comedy film Magicians. He appeared as King Charles I in the Channel 4 series The Devils Whore, Capaldi provided his voice for the animated film Haunted Hogmanay in 2006. He played Balthazar, one of the Biblical Magi, in the 2010 BBC adaptation of The Nativity, in November 2011, he began playing Professor Marcus in The Ladykillers at the Liverpool Playhouse, then transferred to the Gielgud Theatre in London. The original run closed at the Gielgud on 14 April 2012 and he appeared in The Field of Blood as Dr. Pete, for which he received a BAFTA Scotland nomination in the TV actor/actress category, he was beaten by his co-star Jayd Johnson
5.
Matt Smith (actor)
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Matthew Robert Matt Smith is an English actor. He is best known for his role as the Eleventh Doctor in the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who, Smith initially aspired to be a professional footballer, but spondylolysis forced him out of the sport. Smith, who was announced as the incarnation of the Doctor in January 2009, is the youngest person to play the character in the British television series. He left the series at the end of the 2013 Christmas Day special and he portrayed both the physical embodiment and a holographic version of Skynet in Terminator Genisys. Since 2016, he portrays Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in Peter Morgans Netflix biographical drama series The Crown, Smith was born and raised in Northampton, the son of David and Lynne Smith. He attended Northampton School for Boys and he had planned to be a professional football player, having played for the youth teams of Northampton Town, Nottingham Forest, and Leicester City. After a serious injury ruined this career, his drama teacher introduced him to acting by signing him up as the tenth juror in an adaptation of Twelve Angry Men without his consent. His drama teacher persisted, and eventually persuaded him to join the National Youth Theatre in London, after leaving school, Smith studied drama and creative writing at the University of East Anglia, graduating in 2005. His first theatre roles as part of the National Youth Theatre were Thomas Becket in Murder in the Cathedral and Bassoon in The Master and his role in the latter earned him an agent and his first professional jobs, Fresh Kills and On the Shore of the Wide World. His new professional roles led him to seek an agreement with his university so that he could graduate without attending lectures in his final year. Smiths first television role was as Jim Taylor in the BBC adaptations of the Sally Lockhart quartet books The Ruby in the Smoke and his first major television role came in the television series Party Animals, a BBC television drama series about fictional parliamentary advisors and researchers in Westminster. In Party Animals, Smith portrays Danny Foster, a researcher to Jo Porter. At 26 years old, Danny is described as an intelligent, within the series narrative, he attempts to balance his affections for Kirsty MacKenzie, his intern, while trying to prevent Porters imminent decline. In an interview in 2007, Smith discussed his characters motivations and he summarised Danny as having a romantic outlook of the political world while being cynical elsewhere. The character was drawn into politics by his father and his own political drive and he defended his characters age by characterising him as being loyal to Porter, instead of being incompetent. Smith was revealed as the Eleventh Doctor in the British science-fiction television series Doctor Who in January 2009 to replace David Tennant, who announced his departure in October 2008. Smith was first named as a possible successor less than a day before he was announced as the Eleventh Doctor, on edition of 3 January 2009 of BBC Breakfast and his obscurity prompted the news headline Doctor Who. A riff on the shows title, Smith was one of the earliest actors to audition for the role, performing on the first day
6.
Jodie Whittaker
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Jodie Auckland Whittaker is an English actress. She first came to prominence for her work in the film Venus and has starred in films such as St Trinians, Good, St Trinians 2. She has also starred in the television series Tess of the DUrbervilles, Wired, Return to Cranford, Marchlands, Broadchurch, Whittaker was born in Skelmanthorpe where she initially attended Shelley College, West Yorkshire. She then trained at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, Whittaker made her professional debut in The Storm at Shakespeares Globe in 2005. She has since worked in film, television, radio and theatre, in 2007 she stood in at short notice for an unwell Carey Mulligan in the Royal Courts production of The Seagull, and appeared in a fundraising play at the Almeida Theatre. In Whittakers first major role, she co-starred as Jessie / Venus in the film Venus and her radio credits include a 2008 adaptation of Blinded by the Sun by Stephen Poliakoff and Lydia Bennett in Unseen Austen, an original drama by Judith French. In 2010, Whittaker appeared in the film The Kid and co-starred in BBC1s Accused and she appeared in the 2009 Irish comedy crime film Perriers Bounty. In 2011, she appeared as Viv in the BBC adaptation of Sarah Waterss novel The Night Watch, in 2012, she starred in the musical comedy-drama Good Vibrations. In March–April 2013, Whittaker starred in the ITV detective drama Broadchurch, in January 2014, she starred in the reality-based spy drama miniseries The Assets on ABC. Whittaker has been married to American actor Christian Contreras since 2008 and her nephew played Leo Goskirk in Emmerdale before his death at the age of three in 2014. The media reported in January 2015 that Whittaker was pregnant with her first child, Jodie Whittaker at the Internet Movie Database Jodie Whittaker at BFI Film & TV Database
7.
Clara Oswald
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Clara Oswald is a fictional character created by Steven Moffat and portrayed by Jenna Coleman in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. First appearing in the seventh series, Clara served as a companion of the eleventh and twelfth incarnations of the alien time traveller known as the Doctor. Clara is initially presented to the audience during the first half of Series 7 as three distinct, though similarly named, people living in different eras of time, the first two incarnations, Oswin Oswald and Clara Oswin Oswald, each die during the episode in which they appear. The third incarnation becomes the Doctors companion, travelling with him for the remainder of the series as he tries to uncover the mystery of her multiple lives, the mystery is later resolved in The Name of the Doctor. She continues to travel with the Doctor, witnessing him regenerate into his twelfth incarnation in The Time of the Doctor, the pair have various adventures together in Series 8 and Series 9 until she departs the show in Hell Bent. Oswin Oswald is introduced in the series 7 premiere, Asylum of the Daleks and she is the sole survivor of the starship Alaska, which crashed on the Asylum, a prison planet for insane Daleks. Oswin then learns from the Eleventh Doctor that she has converted from human into a Dalek and has coped by retreating into a fantasy of her own intact survival. She assists the Doctor and his companions, Amy Pond and Rory Williams, to escape the planet unharmed. Later, in the 2012 Christmas special The Snowmen, the Doctor meets a woman named Clara Oswin Oswald and she is a Victorian barmaid and governess whom the Doctor invites to be his newest companion, but who dies from an attack by one of the Great Intelligences minions. Seeing her full name on her tombstone and finally recognising her voice, the Doctor realises she is the woman as Oswin from the Dalek Asylum. Intrigued by the mystery of the woman who has lived and died twice in different eras, in The Bells of Saint John, Clara receives a phone number to the Doctors time and space vessel, the TARDIS, from a mysterious woman. The Doctor finds Clara Oswald in contemporary London through her phone call, in Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS, the Doctor confronts Clara in an averted timeline about the two previous versions of her he had met, but she does not know what he is talking about. The mystery surrounding Clara is finally resolved in The Name of the Doctor when she sacrifices her existence by entering the Doctors timestream to undo the harm caused by the Great Intelligence. This results in the creation of numerous incarnations of Clara throughout the Doctors history who appear to every known face of the Doctor, very few Claras are noticed by the Doctor, however. One version of Clara successfully persuades the First Doctor to pick the right TARDIS on his home planet Gallifrey, lost in the Doctors timestream, she is eventually rescued and brought back into existence by the Eleventh Doctor. In The Day of the Doctor, the shows 50th anniversary special, while on an adventure with the Doctor, she meets the Tenth Doctor and the War Doctor in person. She manages to convince the War Doctor to change his history, by sealing the planet in a pocket universe. In The Time of the Doctor, the Time Lords try to return to the universe through a crack in time, but if they do so and she then witnesses the Doctor regenerate into the Twelfth Doctor
8.
River Song (Doctor Who)
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River Song is a fictional character created by Steven Moffat and played by Alex Kingston in the British science-fiction series Doctor Who. River Song was introduced to the series as a future companion of series protagonist the Doctor. Because River Song is a time traveller herself, her adventures with the Doctor occur out of synchronisation, their first meeting is his first and apparently her last. In later appearances, River is a companion, romantic interest and eventual wife of the Doctor in his eleventh incarnation, River Song was created by Doctor Who writer Steven Moffat for the shows fourth series in 2008, under the tenure of executive producer Russell T Davies. Other actresses have subsequently portrayed younger versions of the character, when the character was first introduced, much about her origins remained a mystery. Following the characters appearance, Davies had described her as one of the most important characters in the narrative. In series six, Moffats episodes unveil more about the character, born Melody Pond, River is the daughter of the Eleventh Doctors companions Amy Pond and Rory Williams, alongside whom Kingston had already appeared several times in series five and six of the show. Having been conceived on board the TARDIS as it travelled through the vortex, Melody is born with genetic traits and abilities similar to those of the Doctors own race. River Song first appears in the Doctor Who 2008 series two-parter Silence in the Library/Forest of the Dead during the Russell T Davies era of Doctor Who. Here, she encounters the Tenth Doctor in the 52nd century and, though he has never met her, claims to be someone he will come to trust completely. In the second of the two episodes she sacrifices herself to save the people who were trapped in the Librarys database, knocking out the Doctor before he can do the same. In turn, he is able to upload a copy of her consciousness into a computer and he achieves this via the use of a sonic screwdriver given to her by his future self. After Moffat took over from Davies as executive producer of the show, in the two-parter The Time of Angels/Flesh and Stone, which takes place prior to River becoming a professor, she encounters the Eleventh Doctor, with whom she is more familiar. She leaves coordinates for the Doctor so that he may rescue her in the 52nd century, and together they investigate the crash of the spaceship Byzantium. She shows herself to be adept at flying the TARDIS than he is. An earlier version of River appears to assist the Doctor in the series finale The Pandorica Opens/The Big Bang, after being contacted by Winston Churchill, River leads the Doctor to 102 A. D. While River is travelling in the TARDIS on her own, it explodes with her inside, the Doctor, using Rivers vortex manipulator, teleports her out. At the close of the finale, River ambiguously suggests to the Doctor that they might be married
9.
Doctor Who (series 8)
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The eighth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who began on 23 August 2014 with Deep Breath and ended with Death in Heaven on 8 November 2014. The series was ordered on 20 May 2013, and led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat. Nikki Wilson, Peter Bennett and Paul Frift served as producers, the series is the eighth to air following the programmes revival in 2005, and is the thirty-fourth season overall. It is also the first series since series five not to be split into two parts and it also stars Jenna Coleman as his companion, Clara Oswald. Also playing a recurring role in the series is Samuel Anderson as Danny Pink. Missys true identity is revealed to be the Doctors arch-enemy, the Master. Steven Moffat was directly involved with the writing of seven episodes, with sole credit going to him on four, and the other three where he was credited as a co-writer. Other writers who worked on this series included Phil Ford, Mark Gatiss, Stephen Thompson, Gareth Roberts, Peter Harness, Jamie Mathieson, directors of the series included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show, and brand new ones. Filming began on 6 January 2014 and lasted seven months. The series premiere was watched by 9.17 million overnight viewers, ratings remained consistent throughout the course of the series, seeing a low of 6.71 million overnight viewers with the episode Flatline, and ended with 7.60 million people watching the finale. In terms of L+7 ratings the series was the highest rated Doctor Who series since its revival in 2005. The series received high acclaim from critics, with going to the writing and directing, as well as the acting of Peter Capaldi, Jenna Coleman, Michelle Gomez. The shows star since 2010, Matt Smith announced in June 2013 that he would be leaving Doctor Who following the 2013 Christmas episode The Time of the Doctor, Capaldi had previously appeared on the show as Caecilius in The Fires of Pompeii. He also played John Frobisher in the Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood, in October 2013, actress Neve McIntosh stated in an interview that recurring characters Madame Vastra, Jenny Flint and Strax were due to return in the series premiere Deep Breath. On 24 February 2014, it was announced that Gavin & Stacey actor Samuel Anderson will join the cast as the recurring character Danny Pink, a teacher and Claras colleague at Coal Hill School. Subsequently, Tom Riley, Ben Miller, Hermione Norris, Frank Skinner, Foxes, Christopher Fairbank, Sanjeev Bhaskar, in Dark Water, it was revealed that Missy is in fact The Master, with Gomez taking over the role from John Simm. When I cast Peter and Russell got in touch to say how pleased he was, I said, Okay, what was your theory, and he said, Yes it does. Chris Chibnall, who has written five episodes of Doctor Who
10.
Doctor Who (series 9)
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The ninth series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who premiered on 19 September 2015 with The Magicians Apprentice and concluded on 5 December 2015 with Hell Bent. The series was led by writer and executive producer Steven Moffat. Nikki Wilson, Peter Bennett, and Derek Ritchie served as producers, the series is the ninth to air following the programmes revival in 2005, and is the thirty-fifth season overall. This is the series starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor, an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS. It also stars Jenna Coleman as the Doctors companion, Clara Oswald, for her third and final series in the role. Also playing a recurring role in the series is Maisie Williams as Ashildr, a Viking girl made immortal by the Doctor. The series main story arc revolves around the mystery of a being called the Hybrid, the Hybrid is alluded to with the appearance of many other hybrids such as Osgood and Ashildr, with both being dramatically revealed as being hybrids. The Doctors investigation into this being ultimately leads him back to his planet of Gallifrey. Steven Moffat wrote four episodes solo and co-wrote an additional two, the other writers who worked on this series included Toby Whithouse, Jamie Mathieson, Catherine Tregenna, Peter Harness, Mark Gatiss, and Sarah Dollard. Directors of the included ones who had previously worked with Moffat on the show. Filming began on 5 January 2015, the ninth series received high acclaim from critics, with many labelling it as the shows strongest season to date. Aspects of the series that were met with the most praise included the writing, directing, the series contains more than one two-episode story for the first time since the sixth series in 2011. The following were both prequels to The Magicians Apprentice, the ninth series is the second starring Peter Capaldi as the Twelfth Doctor, and the third and final starring Jenna Coleman as the Doctors companion Clara Oswald. In Doctor Who Magazine, Michelle Gomez confirmed that she would return as Missy, the latest incarnation of the Master, in February 2015, it was confirmed that Missy would return in The Magicians Apprentice / The Witchs Familiar, the opening episodes of the series. In January 2015, it was announced that actor Paul Kaye had a guest role in the first production block and it was later announced that other guest actors featuring in the first block include Arsher Ali, Morven Christie, Neil Fingleton, Colin McFarlane, and Steven Robertson. Jemma Redgrave returned in the role of Kate Lethbridge-Stewart. Kelly Hunter was also confirmed to be appearing in the story, alongside Jaye Griffiths. On 5 August 2015, it was announced that Reece Shearsmith, Elaine Tan, Neet Mohan, Bethany Black, other guests included India Ria Amarteifio, Dasharn Anderson, Harki Bhambra, Daniel Hoffmann-Gill, Aaron Neil, Demi Papaminas, Joey Price and Jami Reid-Quarrell
11.
Eleventh Doctor
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The Eleventh Doctor is an incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who. He is played by Matt Smith, in three series as well as seven specials, over an almost four-year-long period, as with previous incarnations of the Doctor, the character has also appeared in other Doctor Who multimedia. Within the shows narrative, the Doctor is an alien, a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey, who travels in time and space in his ship. When the Doctor is critically injured, he can regenerate his body but in doing so gains a new appearance and with it. Smiths incarnation is a quick-tempered but compassionate man whose appearance is at odds with his more discerning. His main companions included feisty Scot Amy Pond, her husband Rory Williams, other candidates included Sean Pertwee, son of Third Doctor actor Jon Pertwee, Russell Tovey, who portrayed Alonso Frame in the 2007 Christmas special, Voyage of the Damned, and James McAvoy. Although Steven Moffat anticipated choosing an actor for the new Doctor. This made him the youngest actor to portray the Doctor, three years younger than Peter Davison was at the time he began his role as the Fifth Doctor. The Eleventh Doctor spends most of his first full episode, The Eleventh Hour and he has a fondness for bow ties and fezzes, proclaiming them as cool. The details of the outfit vary, switching from a braces, in later stories, a green military coat makes its way into the Doctors ensemble, occasionally replacing the Harris jacket. On other occasions he does not wear a coat and wears a bow-tie, in The Big Bang, the Doctor briefly dons a fez, stating, I wear a fez now, fezzes are cool. This began a gag with cool headgear, including a Stetson hat, a Victorian-era top hat. Amy Ponds reading glasses, which were left behind with the Doctor after Amy, in an interview with Doctor Who Magazine, Steven Moffat revealed that the Eleventh Doctor had an entirely different costume until close to the start of filming. The original look had a swashbuckling feel which Doctor Who Magazine editor Tom Spilsbury described as a little like something Captain Jack Sparrow wears in the Pirates of the Caribbean movies. However, Matt Smith was unhappy with the costume as he felt it reflected how someone else would dress the Doctor, Smith also mentioned in a 2012 interview that his Doctor was going to have a very long black leather jacket, but it was too Matrix-style. The eventual costume, in particular the bow-tie, was influenced by Patrick Troughtons Second Doctor, the Eleventh Doctor first appears in the final scene of The End of Time when his previous incarnation regenerates. Smith debuts fully in The Eleventh Hour, where he first meets Amy Pond as a child while investigating a mysterious crack in her wall, many years later, Amy joins the Doctor as his travelling companion on the eve of her marriage to Rory Williams. In Victory of the Daleks, he is tricked into spawning a new generation of Daleks, the Doctor also confronts his dark side in Amys Choice, where he is put through trials by a manifestation of his self-loathing, the Dream Lord
12.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
13.
Science fiction on television
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Science fiction first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction. Special effects and other techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality. The combination of initial cost and lower maintenance cost pushed producers into building these techniques into the basic concept of a series. The broad term special effects includes all the techniques here, visual effects involve photographic or digital manipulation of the onscreen image, usually done in post-production. Mechanical or physical effects involve props, pyrotechnics, and other methods used during principal photography itself. Some effects involved a combination of techniques, a ray gun might require a pyrotechnic during filming, stunts are another important category of physical effects. In general, all kinds of special effects must be planned during pre-production. Babylon 5 was the first series to use computer-generated imagery, or CGI, for all exterior space scenes, the technology has made this more practical, so that today models are rarely used. In the 1990s, CGI required expensive processors and customized applications, models have been an essential tool in science fiction television since the beginning, when Buck Rogers took flight in spark-scattering spaceships wheeling across a matte backdrop sky. The original Star Trek required an array of models, the USS Enterprise had to be built in several different scales for different needs. Gerry Anderson created a series of using puppets living in a universe of models and miniature sets. ALF depicted an alien living in a family, while Farscape included two puppets as regular characters, in Stargate SG-1, the Asgard characters are puppets in scenes where they are sitting, standing, or lying down. As animation is completely free of the constraints of gravity, momentum, in general, science fiction series are subject to the same financial constraints as other television shows. However, high production costs increase the risk, while limited audiences further complicate the business case for continuing production. Star Trek was the first television series to cost more than $100,000 per episode, while Star Trek and this enabled merchandising such as toy lines, animated cartoon adaptations, and other licensing. Creative settings also often call for broader story arcs than is found in mainstream television. Science fiction television producers will sometimes end a season with a cliffhanger episode to attract viewer interest. Dark Angel is one of many shows ending with a scene that left critical questions open when the series was cancelled
14.
Time travel
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Some ancient myths depict skipping forward in time. The Buddhist Pāli Canon mentions the relativity of time, in the period of our century, one hundred years, only a single day, twenty four hours would have passed for them. The Japanese tale of Urashima Tarō, first described in the Nihongi tells of a fisherman named Urashima Taro who visits an undersea palace. After three days, he returns home to his village and finds himself 300 years in the future, where he has forgotten, his house is in ruins. Early science-fiction stories feature characters who sleep for years and awaken in a changed society. Among them LAn 2440, rêve sil en fût jamais by Louis-Sébastien Mercier, Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving, Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy, prolonged sleep, like the more familiar time machine, is used as a means of time travel in these stories. Decades-long and centuries-long sleep is featured in ancient myths. Like forward time travel, backward time travel has an uncertain origin, the narrator rides to ancient Greece on a hippogriff, meets Aristotle, and goes on a voyage with Alexander the Great before returning to the 19th century. While the narrator waits under a tree for a coach to take him out of Newcastle and he encounters the Venerable Bede in a monastery and explains to him the developments of the coming centuries. However, the story never makes it clear whether these events are real or a dream, charles Dickenss A Christmas Carol has early depictions of time travel in both directions, as the protagonist, Ebenezer Scrooge, is transported to Christmases past and future. However, these might be interpreted as visions rather than as time travel because Scrooge experiences the time periods as a rather than as a participant. A clearer example of time travel is found in the popular 1861 book Paris avant les hommes by the French botanist and geologist Pierre Boitard. This may have been the first story to feature an alternate history created as a result of time travel. Early time machines One of the first stories to feature time travel by means of a machine is The Clock that Went Backward by Edward Page Mitchell, however, the mechanism borders on fantasy. An unusual clock, when wound, runs backwards and transports people nearby back in time, the author does not explain the origin or properties of the clock. Enrique Gaspar y Rimbaus El Anacronópete may have been the first story to feature a vessel engineered to travel through time, H. G. Wellss The Time Machine popularized the concept of time travel by mechanical means. In technical papers, physicists generally avoid the language of moving or traveling through time. Movement normally refers only to a change in position as the time coordinate is varied
15.
Humanoid
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A humanoid is something that has an appearance resembling a human being. The earliest recorded use of the term, in 1870, referred to indigenous peoples in areas colonized by Europeans, by the 20th century, the term came to describe fossils which were morphologically similar, but not identical, to those of the human skeleton. Although this usage was common in the sciences for much of the 20th century, American psychologist and Dinosaur intelligence theorist Harry Jerison suggested the possibility of sapient dinosaurs. In a 1978 presentation at the American Psychological Association, he speculated that dromiceiomimus could have evolved into an intelligent species like human beings. In his book, Wonderful Life, Stephen Jay Gould argues that if the tape of life were re-wound and played back, over geologic time, Russell noted that there had been a steady increase in the encephalization quotient or EQ among the dinosaurs. Russell had discovered the first Troodontid skull, and noted that, while its EQ was low compared to humans, if the trend in Troodon evolution had continued to the present, its brain case could by now measure 1,100 cm3, comparable to that of a human. Troodontids had semi-manipulative fingers, able to grasp and hold objects to a certain degree, Russell proposed that this Dinosauroid, like most dinosaurs of the troodontid family, would have had large eyes and three fingers on each hand, one of which would have been partially opposed. As with most modern reptiles, he conceived of its genitalia as internal, Russell speculated that it would have required a navel, as a placenta aids the development of a large brain case. However, it would not have possessed mammary glands, and would have fed its young, as birds do and he speculated that its language would have sounded somewhat like bird song. Russells thought experiment has been met with criticism from other paleontologists since the 1980s, gregory S. Paul and Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. A humanoid robot does not necessarily look convincingly like a real person, an android or gynoid is a humanoid robot designed to look as much like a real person as possible, although these words are frequently perceived to be synonymous with humanoid. While there are many humanoid robots in fictional stories, some humanoid robots have been developed since the 1990s. Similarly to robots, virtual avatars may also be called humanoid when resembling humans, deities are often imagined in human shape, sometimes as hybrids. In animism in general, the spirits innate in certain objects are typically depicted in human shape, e. g. spirits of trees, of the woodlands, of wells or waterways, many aliens in television and science fiction films are presented as humanoid. This is usually attributed to budget constraints, as human actors can more easily portray human-like aliens, in much of science fiction, the reason for the abundance of humanoid aliens is not explained and usually requires suspension of disbelief. In some cases, however, explanations have been offered for this, in the field of ufology, humanoid refers to any of the claimed extraterrestrials which abduct human victims, such as the Greys, the Reptilians, Nordics, and Martians. In fantasy settings the term humanoid is used to refer to a fantastical creature, such as a dwarf, elf, gnome, halfling, goblin, troll, orc or an ogre. Animals that are humanoid are also shown in fantasy, humanoids are also used in some old horror movies, for example in Creature From the Black Lagoon, made in 1954 by Jack Arnold
16.
Extraterrestrial life
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Extraterrestrial life, also called alien life, is life that does not originate from Earth. These hypothetical life forms may range from simple single-celled organisms to beings with civilizations far more advanced than humanity, although many scientists expect extraterrestrial life to exist in some form, there is no evidence for its existence to date. The Drake equation speculates about the existence of intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, the science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as exobiology. The science of astrobiology considers life on Earth as well, in 2015, remains of biotic life were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia, when the young Earth was about 400 million years old. According to one of the researchers, If life arose relatively quickly on Earth and it has also played a major role in works of science fiction. Over the years, science fiction works have increased the publics interest in the possibility of extraterrestrial life, some encourage aggressive methods to try for contact with intelligent extraterrestrial life, whereas others argue that it might be dangerous to actively call attention to Earth. Alien life, such as microorganisms, has been hypothesized to exist in the Solar System and this hypothesis relies on the vast size and consistent physical laws of the observable universe. The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang,13.8 billion years ago, Life may have emerged independently at many places throughout the universe. Alternatively, life may have formed less frequently, then spread—by meteoroids, in any case, complex organic molecules may have formed in the protoplanetary disk of dust grains surrounding the Sun before the formation of Earth. According to these studies, this process may occur outside Earth on several planets and moons of the Solar System, since the 1950s, scientists have argued the idea that habitable zones around stars are the most likely places to find life. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists, astrobiologists have also considered a follow the energy view of potential habitats. Life on Earth requires water as its solvent in which biochemical reactions take place, More generally, life based on ammonia has been suggested, though this solvent appears less suitable than water. It is also conceivable that there are forms of life whose solvent is a liquid hydrocarbon, about 29 chemical elements play an active positive role in living organisms on Earth. About 95% of this matter is built upon only six elements, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus. These six elements form the building blocks of virtually all life on Earth. The unique characteristics of carbon make it unlikely that it could be replaced, even on another planet, the carbon atom has the unique ability to make four strong chemical bonds with other atoms, including other carbon atoms. These covalent bonds have a direction in space, so that carbon atoms can form the skeletons of complex 3-dimensional structures with definite architectures such as nucleic acids, carbon forms more compounds than all other elements combined. The great versatility of the atom makes it the element most likely to provide the bases—even exotic ones—for the chemical composition of life on other planets
17.
Time Lord
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The Time Lords are a fictional, ancient extraterrestrial people in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, of which the series protagonist, the Doctor, is a member. Time Lords are so named for their command of time travel technology, originally they were described as a powerful and wise race from the planet Gallifrey, from which the Doctor was a renegade, details beyond this were very limited for the first decade of the series. They later became integral to many episodes and stories as their role in the universe developed. In 2013, the 50th anniversary special The Day of the Doctor concerned this supposed destruction and they can act to manipulate timelines of a wide range of events and individuals, so long as they do not cross back into their own timeline. The Doctor became at times an ally, being appointed their president during his fourth incarnation, with everything ultimately coming from that discussion. In The War Games DVD commentary, Sherwin mentioned that he recalled hearing about the Time Lords at the beginning of the series, but as no-one else remembered this, it might have come out of dreams. Elaborating on this genesis in a 2014 interview in Doctor Who Magazine, Sherwin said of The War Games, It was a case of what shall we do, how can we end this. Lets go back to the beginning and say was a Time Lord, a renegade Time Lord, so if hes going to be called to book lets bring in the Time Lords. Early on in the series, the Doctor was identified as a human being, however, his home planet, in The Time Warrior, the name of the Doctors home planet was revealed on screen for the first time. The nature and history of the Time Lords were gradually revealed as the television programme progressed, the Time Lords are considered one of the oldest and most technologically powerful races in the Doctor Who universe. The small number of beings that are more powerful than the Time Lords include the Osirians and higher powers of the such as the Black and White Guardians. Additionally, The People from the novels had a non-aggression treaty with the Time Lords. In the very distant past, the Time Lords fought a war against the Great Vampires. In some spinoff media, the Time Lords are also allied with less developed Temporal Powers, because of this, holding a trial is a very rare event for the Time Lords. Exceptions to this policy are made only in circumstances when they feel they have to. The Doctor describes himself as the last of his kind and his planet burnt on numerous occasions, as do other individuals. In Fathers Day, the Ninth Doctor remarks that before Time Lords were all gone, in Rise of the Cybermen, the Tenth Doctor mentions, When the Time Lords kept their eye on everything, you could pop between realities, home in time for tea. Then they died, and took it all with them, walls of reality closed, the worlds were sealed
18.
Regeneration (Doctor Who)
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This process allows a Time Lord who is old, wounded or otherwise dying to undergo a transformation into a new physical form and a somewhat different personality. The process has been used eleven times throughout the history of the franchise as a device for introducing a new actor for the role of its main character. The current incarnation of the Doctor is played by Peter Capaldi, Other Time Lords and similar characters have also regenerated, for various reasons, sometimes with change of actors. The concept of regeneration was created in 1966 by the writers of Doctor Who as a method of replacing the leading actor. Producer John Wiles had, following clashes with Hartnell, intended to have the actor replaced in The Celestial Toymaker. Wiles plan was for the character to reappear played by a new actor and this proposal was vetoed by Gerald Savory, the BBCs Head of Serials, which led to Wiles leaving before The Celestial Toymaker was produced. However, it was apparent that it would not be possible for Hartnell to continue for much longer, on 29 July 1966, production concluded on the final episode of The Smugglers, the last serial recorded in the third production block. Script editor Gerry Davis proposed that, since the Doctor had already established as an alien. The process itself was modelled on LSD trips, with the experience being like the hell, at the conclusion of The Tenth Planet, the First Doctor collapses from apparent old age and exhaustion, having commented earlier that his body was wearing a bit thin. Then, before the eyes of his companions Ben and Polly, in The Power of the Daleks, the Second Doctors first story, the Doctor draws an analogy between the renewal and a caterpillar turning into a butterfly. It was not clear whether the renewal was a natural ability of the Doctors as opposed to a process initiated by technology. In Power of the Daleks, the Second Doctor describes his renewal as a function of his TARDIS time machine, stating that without it, couldnt survive. Unlike the previous change, this one is treated as a punishment rather than a process, in The War Games the Doctor protests. In this scene, the change is called regeneration for the first time, however, dialogue within the series itself explicitly includes the First-to-Second rejuvenation when enumerating the Doctors regenerations. The regeneration effect was accomplished during the original run from 1963–1989 primarily through the use of video mixing. Originally, the plan was to have Hartnell collapse at the end of The Tenth Planet with his cloak over his face, which would then be pulled back to reveal Troughton in the next serial. This also meant that the scene could take place with both actors at the conclusion of The Tenth Planet, and Troughton was accordingly signed up to participate. Subsequent regenerations retained essentially the same method, with or without additional video or make-up effects, with the exception of the transitions from the Second to Third, each regeneration was shown on-screen, with the previous incumbent in the role symbolically handing off the character to the next
19.
The Day of the Doctor
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The Day of the Doctor is a special episode of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, marking the programmes 50th anniversary. It was written by Steven Moffat, a producer alongside Faith Penhale. It was shown on BBC One on 23 November 2013, in both 2D and 3D, the special was broadcast simultaneously in 94 countries, and was shown concurrently in 3D in some cinemas. It achieved the Guinness World Record for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama, unfortunately, the time distortions incurred leave his past selves with no memory of his changed decision. The episode starred Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor and Jenna Coleman as his companion and she is invisible and inaudible to everyone but the War Doctor. Rounding out the guest cast were Joanna Page as Queen Elizabeth I and Jemma Redgrave as Kate Stewart, the special also featured the return of the Daleks and the Zygons, shape-shifting aliens who had previously appeared only in Terror of the Zygons. As the episode celebrated fifty years of the programme, it referenced and alluded to various concepts featured throughout the shows run. It has been described by series producer Marcus Wilson as a letter to the fans and by the controller of BBC One, Danny Cohen. In The Night of the Doctor, Paul McGann reprised his role as the Eighth Doctor from the 1996 television film and he is a conscientious objector to the ongoing Time War and intends to rescue a crew member from a crashing spaceship via the TARDIS. Realising that her rescuer is a Time Lord she refuses to comply and she and the Doctor die as the ship crashes on Karn. The Doctor is resurrected temporarily by the Sisterhood of Karn and they persuade the Doctor to take action to end the Time War, offering him a selection of potions to control his regeneration. The Last Day is filmed from the perspective of a Gallifreyan soldier who has had a camera implanted in his head. The soldiers scan for Daleks at Arcadia, Gallifreys second city, during training exercises, a blurred object in the sky is identified shockingly as the first of a fleet of successfully invading Daleks, which kill the soldiers. The Fall of Arcadia becomes the central battle of the Time War around which The Day of the Doctor is centred. The Eleventh Doctor and Clara Oswald aid the military organisation UNIT, headed by Kate Stewart, in investigating a mystery at the Undergallery, a secret vault housed at the National Gallery. Three-dimensional paintings, made with Time Lord stasis cubes, appear to have broken from within. While examining the paintings, a fissure in time opens above them, the Moment is sentient and manifests itself as Rose Tyler. It questions whether mass killing is the best option for ending the Time War, the Moment offers to show the Doctor what this will turn him into and opens a fissure linking him to the Tenth and Eleventh Doctors
20.
Gallifrey
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Gallifrey is a planet in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It is the home world of the Doctor, The Master. It was located in a star system within the constellation of Kasterborous. It was finally identified by name for the first time in The Time Warrior and it is never definitively stated when the appearances of Gallifrey in the television series take place. As the planet is often reached by means of time travel, Gallifreys position in the revived series was filled in slowly over the first three years of the series run. The planet was not referred to by name after the return in 2005 until the 2006 Christmas special. It was depicted in a flashback in The Sound of Drums in series 3 and it appeared briefly in the seventh series finale, The Name of the Doctor, which shows the moment the First Doctor and Susan stole the TARDIS. The Name of the Doctor presents images of the Time Lord capital, outside the Capitol is a wilderness with its iconic red grass. The Doctors granddaughter Susan first describes her world as having bright, silver-leafed trees. This casts an amber tint on anything outside the city, as seen in The Invasion of Time, however, Gallifreys sky appears blue and Earth-like in The Five Doctors within the isolated Death Zone. And those pathetic little patches of snow were shining white. In Gridlock, the Tenth Doctor echoes Susans description of the now named as Gallifrey and goes further by mentioning the vast mountain ranges with fields of deep red grass. He then elaborates how Gallifreys second sun would rise in the south, inside the Death Zone stands the Tomb of Rassilon, the founder of Time Lord society. Somewhere on Gallifrey there is also an institute called the Academy, the 2013 minisode The Last Day mentions birds as something expected in Gallifreys skies. Gallifrey appeared in the Doctor Who 50th anniversary special, The Day of the Doctor which aired on November 23,2013, several of the spin-off novels have further information about Gallifrey. Cats Cradle, Times Crucible also mentions edible rodent-like mammals called tafelshrews, for general Time Lord history, see History of the Time Lords. Few details on the history of the planet itself emerge from the series run from 1963–1989. In The End of the World, the Ninth Doctor states that his planet has been destroyed in a war
21.
The Time of the Doctor
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The episode also features Jenna Coleman as the Doctors companion Clara Oswald, plus several enemies of the Doctor, including the Cybermen, Silence, Daleks, and Weeping Angels. The Time of the Doctor is the ninth Christmas special since the shows 2005 revival, thousands of aliens orbit an unknown planet, from which a message no one can translate is continually being broadcast across time and space. The Doctor, drawn to the planet, uses a modified Cyberman head nicknamed Handles who tells him the planet is named Gallifrey. Tasha states they have constructed a force field around the planet to prevent the aliens from landing. On the planet, they discover a human settlement called Christmas where a truth field prevents anyone from lying, the message originates from the basement of a church, through a crack in reality, scar tissue from when the Doctor rebooted the universe. Handles identifies the message as Gallifreyan, repeating the question Doctor who, the Doctor deduces that his people, the Time Lords trapped in a pocket universe, are trying to escape into this universe and seek him to answer his true name to confirm this is the correct universe. However, their reappearance will inevitably start a new Time War, Tasha warns him that should the Time Lords try to escape, she will destroy the planet and anyone on it to prevent a new Time War, creating a stalemate situation for the Doctor. Clara, furious at being tricked, jumps onto the TARDIS before it can dematerialises, the visibly-aged Doctor reveals to her that his body has no further regenerations left, and is prepared to die here. The Doctor discovers that Tasha and all her members have become Dalek puppets, the Doctor manages to infuriate Tasha, allowing her to break the Dalek conditioning, and she helps them to escape back to the planet as the Dalek fleet amasses in orbit. The Doctor manages to lie to Clara despite the field, and tricks her again to the TARDIS. Her family attempts to cheer her up but she remains dejected until she hears the TARDIS rematerialise a few hours later. She finds Tasha piloting the ship, and she takes her back to Trenzalore, many centuries after the Doctor sent her away, the Doctor, frail and senile, has held his defenses against a protracted siege on Trenzalore, but cannot stop a final attack from the Daleks. After saying goodbye to Clara, he out to the church steeple to face his enemies. Clara speaks to the Time Lords through the crack, begging them to help the Doctor and reminding that if he should die, the Doctor prepares to die outside, when the crack appears in the night sky. Regeneration energy flows from the crack and into the Doctor, granting him a new regeneration cycle, the Doctor uses the excess energy of his regeneration to destroy the Daleks, while the crack closes up, ending the stalemate. In the aftermath, Clara finds him again in the TARDIS console room. As he sets the TARDIS in motion, he explains this rejuvenation is a reset for the new regeneration cycle to begin and he delivers a eulogy to his current form, hallucinates a final farewell to Amy Pond, and regenerates. The Twelfth Doctor then declares that the TARDIS is crashing and asks Clara if she knows how to fly it, as this is the Eleventh Doctors final regular appearance, numerous plot threads developed over the course of his journey are addressed
22.
Jenna Coleman
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Jenna-Louise Coleman, known as Jenna Coleman, is an English actress. Her notable roles are Clara Oswald in the British television series Doctor Who, Jasmine Thomas in the British soap opera Emmerdale, Coleman was born in Blackpool, Lancashire, and began her acting career at an early age as a member of a theatre company called In Yer Space. While auditioning for drama schools in 2005, she was chosen to play Jasmine Thomas in Emmerdale and she received critical acclaim for her performance and was nominated for the Most Popular Newcomer award at the 2006 National Television Awards. From 2012 to 2015, Coleman portrayed Clara Oswald, companion to the eleventh and twelfth incarnations of the Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who and she appeared as Lydia Wickham in the BBC drama Death Comes to Pemberley. Coleman was born in Blackpool, Lancashire, the daughter of Karen and she has an older brother named Ben. She attended Arnold School, where she was head girl and she has stated that she regrets not having a conventional university experience. While at school, Coleman was a member of the theatre company In Yer Space and she won an award for her performance, and the play was also received favourably. While auditioning for drama schools, Coleman landed the part of Jasmine Thomas in Emmerdale in 2005, at the 2007 British Soap Awards, she was nominated for the Best Newcomer award, and at the 2006 National Television Awards, she was nominated for the Most Popular Newcomer award. At the 2009 British Soap Awards, she was nominated for the Best Actress, Sexiest Female and she received a nomination for the Best Actress award from the TV Choice Awards. In May 2009, it was announced that Coleman would be joining BBC drama series Waterloo Road as hard girl Lindsay James, as she was 23 at the time of her casting, Coleman found the experience of playing a schoolgirl surreal. In December 2010, it was announced that Coleman would be playing Susan Brown in a BBC Four television adaptation of the John Braine novel Room at the Top. The adaptation was intended to air in April 2011. The dispute was resolved by 2012, and the aired in two parts on 26 and 27 September 2012. In 2011, she made her film debut in Captain America. She also landed the part of Annie Desmond in Julian Fellowes four part mini-series Titanic, describing her character as a cheeky little Cockney, Coleman provided the voice for the character Melia in the English dub of the 2011 video game Xenoblade Chronicles. In 2012, Coleman was cast as Rosie in Stephen Poliakoffs original drama series Dancing on the Edge, the show aired on BBC Two in February 2013. She starred as Lydia Wickham in the adaptation of Death Comes to Pemberley, the three episodes were shown on BBC One during Christmas 2013. On 21 March 2012, Doctor Who producer Steven Moffat confirmed at a conference that Coleman would play the companion of the Eleventh Doctor
23.
Matt Lucas
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In May 2007, he was placed seventh in the list of the UKs 100 most influential gay men and women by British newspaper The Independent. In 2015 Lucas wrote Pompidou for BBC Two and he currently has a regular role in the tenth series of long-running British sci-fi drama Doctor Who as the Twelfth Doctors friend Nardole. Lucas was born in Paddington, London, the son of Diana and John Stanley Lucas, some of Lucass mothers family fled from Germany during the Second World War. Lucas grew up in a Reform Jewish household and he has had alopecia since his childhood, and lost all of his hair when he was six years old. Lucass father died of a heart attack aged 52 in Brent and he studied at the University of Bristol between 1993 and 1995. He also spent time with the National Youth Theatre, where he first met future writing partner David Walliams, Lucass association with Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer began in 1992. In 1995, Lucas appeared in The Smell of Reeves and Mortimer and he went on to star with them in Shooting Stars. He also appeared on occasion as Marjorie Dawes, Georges mother and he again appeared with Reeves & Mortimer in the BBC series Randall & Hopkirk, and Catterick in a variety of roles. It is notable for being one of their first comedic collaborations, Lucas has also written for actor Sacha Baron Cohen. Lucas ventured into the world of stage musicals in 2002, when he took a role in Boy Georges musical Taboo at The Venue and he played the performance artist Leigh Bowery. Little Britain is Lucass most commercially successful work, originally a radio show on BBC Radio 4, it later became a TV series. In 2005, he took his first role in a television drama, also in 2005, he did voice work in the ITV childrens program King Arthurs Disasters alongside Rik Mayall. Since 2006, Lucas has been the voice of the radio and television character Digit Al, on 26 November 2006 he appeared on the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs. He made a appearance in Shaun of the Dead as Tom. In 2007, he released Im Gonna Be, originally by The Proclaimers and he performed the single as Little Britain character Andy Pipkin, along with Kay playing as Brian Potter. He also starred as Mr. Toad in The Wind in the Willows and he has appeared in Kath & Kim and Neighbours, as well as a cameo role, playing Chris or Jammy at the wedding fayre, in the BBC Three sitcom Gavin & Stacey. Lucas has co-written and performed in a new series of Little Britain USA for HBO, Lucas was the first celebrity to appear in 2008s Big Brother Celebrity Hijack on E4. In 2010, Lucas played Tweedledee and Tweedledum in Tim Burtons Alice in Wonderland, starting in February 2010, Lucas began hosting his own radio show, And The Winner Is, in which he handed out a fictional series of awards based on nominations by his guests
24.
William Hill (bookmaker)
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William Hill plc is a bookmaker based in the United Kingdom and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The company was founded by William Hill in 1934 at a time when gambling was illegal in Britain and it changed hands many times, being acquired by Sears Holdings in 1971, then by Grand Metropolitan in 1988, then by Brent Walker in 1989. In September 1996, Brent Walker recouped £117m of the £685m it had paid for William Hill when Grand Metropolitan were found to have exaggerated the companys profits at the time of the sale, the company was eventually listed on the London Stock Exchange in 2002. The following year Chief Executive David Harding was awarded a £2. 84m bonus and it acquired Sunderland Greyhound Stadium in 2002 and Newcastle Greyhound Stadium in 2003. In June 2004, Chief Executive David Harding sold £5. 2m of shares to fund his divorce, the Office of Fair Trading made William Hill sell 78 of the 624 Stanley shops due to concerns over anti-competitive practices. Amidst fears that William Hill had overpaid for the Stanley shops, in 2008, Ralph Topping was appointed Chief Executive. In November 2008, William Hill went into partnership with Orbis, under the terms of the deal, William Hill paid Playtechs founder Teddy Sagi £144. 5m for various assets and affiliate companies. These included several online sites which William Hill continues to run under the name WHG. Playtech took a 29% stake in the new William Hill Online entity, the company wrote-off a reported £26m when scrapping their previous in-house system. In June 2009 William Hill backed Playtech despite their partner having a quarter of its market value wiped out following a profits warning. They are the largest UK operator, representing around 25 per cent of the market throughout the UK, in addition to its online sportsbook operations, the company offers online casino games, skill games, online bingo and online poker. Since the Gambling Act 2005, gaming machines have strengthened profits to counteract falling revenues in other areas, in August 2010, William Hill launched a training programme for its 10, 000+ workforce to combat underage gambling in its retail outlets. The company has been criticised by trade unions Community and Unite for its treatment of shop-workers, in November 2008, analysts at UBS noted concern at the Companys level of debt, which stood at over £1bn and was later reported as £1. 5bn. In 2009 the company enacted both a rights issue and a bond issue, in an effort to restructure its debt. From 2001 until 2009, William Hill paid George Howarth MP £30,000 pa. to act as a Parliamentary advisor, while on William Hills payroll he tabled amendments to the 2003 budget proposing tougher levels of taxation for person-to-person betting exchanges. Howarth left the role in the wake of the 2009 expenses scandal, in May 2015, William Hill presented prototype of Get In The Race - a virtual horse racing application. In 2015 William Hill had a drop of 22% of operational profit which amounted £291. 4m comparing with £372. 2m in 2014 and it happened due to point of consumption tax which increased duty on machine games from 20% to 25% introduced by government in December,2014. The company owns 2,370 betting shops, in 2009, William Hill moved its online and fixed-odds games division to Gibraltar, for tax avoidance purposes
25.
BBC One
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BBC One is the flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands. It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service and it was renamed BBC TV in 1960, using this name until the launch of sister channel BBC2 in 1964, whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1, with the current spelling adopted in 1997. The channels annual budget for 2012–13 is £1.14 billion, the channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBCs other domestic television stations, and therefore shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising. It is currently the most watched channel in the United Kingdom, ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership. As of June 2013 the channel controller for BBC One is Charlotte Moore, the BBC began its own regular television programming from the basement of Broadcasting House, London, on 22 August 1932. BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15,00, Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, Good afternoon everybody. Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh, the Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later. The competition quickly forced the channel to change its identity and priorities following a reduction in its audience. The 1962 Pilkington Report on the future of broadcasting noticed this, and it therefore decided that Britains third television station should be awarded to the BBC. The station, renamed BBC TV in 1960, became BBC1 when BBC2 was launched on 20 April 1964 transmitting an incompatible 625-line image on UHF. The only way to all channels was to use a complex dual-standard 405- and 625-line, VHF and UHF, receiver. Old 405-line-only sets became obsolete in 1985, when transmission in the standard ended, although standards converters have become available for enthusiasts who collect, BBC1 was based at the purpose-built BBC Television Centre at White City, London between 1960 and 2013. In the weeks leading up to 15 November 1969, BBC1 unofficially transmitted the occasional programme in its new colour system, to test it. At midnight on 15 November, simultaneously with ITV and two years after BBC2, BBC1 officially began 625-line PAL colour programming on UHF with a broadcast of a concert by Petula Clark, colour transmissions could be received on monochrome 625-line sets until the end of analogue broadcasting. In terms of share, the most successful period for BBC1 was under Bryan Cowgill between 1973 and 1977, when the channel achieved an average audience share of 45%. On 30 December 1980, the BBC announced their intention to introduce a new breakfast television service to compete with TV-am. On 17 January 1983, the first edition of Breakfast Time was shown on BBC One, becoming the first UK wide breakfast television service and continued to lead in the rating until 1984. The first major overhaul was to axe the deeply unpopular Sixty Minutes current affairs programme and its replacement was the BBC Six OClock News, a straight new programme in a bid to shore up its failing early evening slot
26.
Ben Daniels
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Ben Daniels is an English actor. E. N. Theatre Awards for Martin Yesterday, and won the 2001 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the Arthur Miller play All My Sons. In 2008, Daniels made his Broadway début in a revival of Les Liaisons Dangereuses, Daniels has also appeared on popular television series including Cutting It, The Virgin Queen, Law & Order, UK, The Paradise, House of Cards, and The Exorcist. Daniels was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire and his father was an engineer at Rolls-Royce and later a grocer, while his mother owned a childrens clothes shop. He has recalled, I was quite a shy child, I was very sneaky and underhanded. Daniels was educated at Manor Park School, a comprehensive school in Nuneaton, near Coventry. A fellow student recalled that Daniels, whom he knew as Dave, was serious about his work. You got the sense his mind was working, the cogs were ticking over, Daniels subsequently trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art for three years. One of Daniels earliest roles was as Justin Hayward, the singer of the Moody Blues. In 1992, he made an appearance in the plane crash episode Cascade of the television show Casualty. The latter role was notable for an unexpected same-sex kiss between Daniels character and another person, in 2008 he appeared in Lark Rise to Candleford, a BBC production based on three semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside written by Flora Thompson. In addition, he has made guest appearances in a number of British TV drama series, including Soldier Soldier, A Touch of Frost, Outside Edge, Daniels may be most recognisable to American audiences for appearing in the 1996 gay film Beautiful Thing. Daniels portrayed Tony, boyfriend of Sandra, the protagonist Jamies mother, in an independent film directed by Lavinia Currier titled Passion in the Desert, Daniels played a French soldier named Augustin Robert. The film was nominated for a Golden Seashell award, other feature films that Daniels has starred in are The Bridge, I Want You, Madeline, and Doom. He was offered roles in the 2000 releases The Patriot and Vertical Limit, but turned them down and stated that the money was good, Daniels had a brief appearance as a rebel pilot in the Star Wars film Rogue One, A Star Wars Story. Daniels has said that he loves acting on stage because its tough and he appeared in Alls Well That Ends Well and As You Like It, and played Mercutio in a 1994 TV adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. Other theatre credits include Waiting for Godot and 900 Oneonta, which earned him a nomination for Best Actor at the Evening Standard Awards, in 2006, Daniels appeared in Thérèse Raquin as Laurent, for which a reviewer labelled his performance riveting. He was first nominated for the latter award earlier in his career, in 1991, in 2008, Daniels fulfilled a lifetime ambition when he made his Broadway début, headlining as the Vicomte de Valmont in a revival of Les Liaisons Dangereuses
27.
Steven Moffat
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Steven William Moffat, OBE is a Scottish television writer and producer, known for his work as showrunner, writer and producer of the British television series Doctor Who and Sherlock. Moffats first television work was the teen drama series Press Gang, in between the two relationship-centred shows, he wrote Chalk, a sitcom set in a comprehensive school inspired by his own experience as an English teacher. A lifelong fan of Doctor Who, Moffats first work on the series was the script of the parody episode The Curse of Fatal Death in 1999 and he then wrote six episodes of the revived series which began in 2005. In 2010 he replaced Russell T Davies as showrunner, lead writer, the same year, he created Sherlock along with Mark Gatiss. In January 2016, it was announced that Moffat would step down from being showrunner of Doctor Who after the spring 2017 season finale, and he also co-wrote Steven Spielbergs The Adventures of Tintin, The Secret of the Unicorn in 2011. Moffat has won awards, mainly for Doctor Who and Sherlock. Moffat was born in Paisley, Scotland, where he attended Camphill High School and he studied at the University of Glasgow, where he was involved with the student television station, GUST. After gaining an MA degree in English from Glasgow, he worked as a teacher for three and a half years at Cowdenknowes High School, Greenock, in the 1980s he wrote a play entitled War Zones and a musical called Knifer. The producers asked for a script, to which Bill Moffat agreed on condition his son write it. Producer Sandra Hastie said that it was the best ever first script that she had read, the resulting series was titled Press Gang, starring Julia Sawalha and Dexter Fletcher, and ran for five series on ITV between 1989 and 1993, with Moffat writing all forty-three episodes. The programme won a BAFTA award in its second series, during production of the second series of Press Gang, Moffat was experiencing an unhappy personal life as a result of the break-up of his first marriage. The producer was secretly phoning his friends at home to check on his state and his wifes new lover was represented in the episode The Big Finish. by the character Brian Magboy, a name inspired by Brian, Maggies boy. Moffat brought in the character so that all sorts of things would happen to him. By 1990, Moffat had written two series of Press Gang, but the high cost along with organisational changes at backers Central Independent Television cast its future in doubt. Inspired by his working in education, Moffats initial proposal was a programme similar to what would become Chalk. During the pitch meeting at the Groucho Club, Ptaszynski realised that Moffat was talking passionately about his impending divorce, taking Ptaszynskis advice, Moffats new idea was about a sitcom writer whose wife leaves him. Moffat wrote two series of Joking Apart, which was directed by Bob Spiers, and starred Robert Bathurst, the show won the Bronze Rose of Montreux and was entered for the Emmys. In an interview with Richard Herring, Moffat says that The sit-com actually lasted slightly longer than my marriage
28.
Adrian Hodges
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Adrian Hodges is an English television and film writer. He has won a BAFTA Award, in 2005 he wrote the episode Triumph for the HBO-BBC series Rome. He has since adapted two of Philip Pullmans Sally Lockhart stories for TV, The Ruby in the Smoke and The Shadow in the North and he is co-creator of the ITV sci-fi drama Primeval, for which he wrote nine episodes in five series. In 2008 he was reported to be working on and a new adaptation of Silas Marner. On 22 November 2007, the BBC announced that they were going to remake Survivors, two series were shown on BBC One, in 2008 and 2010. Hodges wrote the screenplay for the 2011 film My Week with Marilyn, Adrian Hodges created the BBC television series The Musketeers, based on the Alexandre Dumas characters, which aired its first season from January to March 2014. Adrian Hodges at the Internet Movie Database
29.
The Musketeers
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The Musketeers is a BBC period action drama programme based on the characters from Alexandre Dumass novel The Three Musketeers and co-produced by BBC America and BBC Worldwide. The first episode was shown on BBC One on 19 January 2014 and it also features Peter Capaldi as Cardinal Richelieu in the first series and Marc Warren as Comte de Rochefort in the second series. Jessica Pope and Adrian Hodges produce the show for the BBC, the programme is largely filmed in the Czech Republic. In February 2015, it was announced that the show had been renewed for a third series, the third series premiered in multiple countries first, before premiering in the UK on 28 May 2016, and concluding on 1 August 2016. In 1630s Paris, Athos, Aramis and Porthos are a group of highly trained musketeers commanded by Captain Treville who meet dArtagnan, the series follows them as they fight to protect King and country. The eventual production of the series was announced in 2012. Paris was not considered as a location because over the decades. Dublin was also considered before settling on the Czech Republic, which suffered damage during the two world wars. Many historic buildings were intact and privately owned homes were rented for filming. Filming for the series took place mainly in Doksany,30 kilometres north-west of Prague, where a Parisian square, a number of streets, a disused convent had additional sets constructed including taverns, bedrooms and mortuary. During filming of the first series Peter Capaldi learned that he had given the role of the Twelfth Doctor in Doctor Who. The shows executive producer Jessica Pope commented that they would have to recalibrate plans for a second series. Marc Warren joined the cast for the second series, the Musketeers was originally planned to be broadcast in 2013, but was later delayed until 2014. The Musketeers initially received mixed reviews critics, but they have become more positive as the series has continued. Upon its premiere on BBC America, Alessandra Stanley of The New York Times gave the drama a positive review, calling the series not at all bad, just a bit old-fashioned. She also praised the updates made to the series, writing purists may be dismayed that Mr. Hodges took so many liberties with the original plot and these are the premiere and finale dates for the show airing on BBC, its origin channel. Series 2 concluded earlier in the U. S. and Series 3 was aired/released before the UK in multiple countries, see the episode tables, shown on BBC One, the first series of The Musketeers was broadcast weekly at 9pm on Sunday nights starting on 19 January 2014. The programme was the highest rated drama to debut that year, for the second series, it was moved to 9pm on Friday nights and screening began on 2 January 2015
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Prague
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Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is the 14th largest city in the European Union and it is also the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city has a temperate climate, with warm summers and chilly winters. Prague has been a political, cultural, and economic centre of central Europe with waxing and waning fortunes during its history and it was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. Prague is home to a number of cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence. Main attractions include the Prague Castle, the Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. The city has more than ten major museums, along with theatres, galleries, cinemas. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city, also, it is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe. Prague is classified as an Alpha- global city according to GaWC studies, Prague ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination, and the city more than 6.4 million international visitors annually. Prague is the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Istanbul, the region was settled as early as the Paleolithic age. In the last century BC, the Celts were slowly driven away by Germanic tribes, around the area where present-day Prague stands, the 2nd century map of Ptolemaios mentioned a Germanic city called Casurgis. In the following century, the Czech tribes built several fortified settlements in the area, most notably in Levý Hradec, Butovice and in the Šárka valley. The construction of what came to be known as the Prague Castle began near the end of the 9th century, the first masonry under Prague Castle dates from the year 885 at the latest. The other prominent Prague fort, the Přemyslid fort Vyšehrad, was founded in the 10th century, Prague Castle is dominated by the cathedral, which was founded in 1344, but completed in the 20th century. The legendary origins of Prague attribute its foundation to the 8th century Czech duchess and prophetess Libuše and her husband, Přemysl, legend says that Libuše came out on a rocky cliff high above the Vltava and prophesied, I see a great city whose glory will touch the stars. She ordered a castle and a town called Praha to be built on the site, a 17th century Jewish chronicler David Solomon Ganz, citing Cyriacus Spangenberg, claimed that the city was founded as Boihaem in c.1306 BC by an ancient king, Boyya. The region became the seat of the dukes, and later kings of Bohemia, under Roman Emperor Otto II the area became a bishopric in 973
31.
William Hartnell
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William Henry Hartnell, also known as Billy Hartnell or Bill Hartnell, was an English actor. Hartnell played the first incarnation of the Doctor in Doctor Who, Hartnell was born in St Pancras, London, England, the only child of Lucy Hartnell, an unmarried mother. He was brought up partly by a mother, and also spent many holidays in Devon with his mothers family of farmers. He was the cousin of fashion designer Norman Hartnell. Hartnell never discovered the identity of his father despite efforts to trace him, often known as Billy, he left school without prospects and dabbled in petty crime. Theatre being a passion of Blaker, he paid for Hartnell to receive some polish at the Imperial Service College, though Hartnell found the strictures too much, Hartnell entered the theatre in 1925 working under Frank Benson as a general stagehand. He appeared in numerous Shakespearian plays, including The Merchant of Venice, Julius Caesar, As You Like It, Hamlet, The Tempest and he also appeared in She Stoops to Conquer, School for Scandal and Good Morning, Bill, before performing in Miss Elizabeths Prisoner. This play was written by Robert Neilson Stephens and E. Lyall Swete and it featured the actress Heather McIntyre, whom he married during the following year. His first of more than 60 film appearances was in Say It With Music, in 1942, he was cast as Albert Fosdike in Noël Cowards film In Which We Serve but turned up late for his first day of shooting. Coward berated Hartnell in front of cast and crew for his unprofessionalism, made him apologise to everyone. Michael Anderson, who was the first assistant director, took over the part and was credited as Mickey Anderson, Hartnell continued to play comic characters until he was cast in the robust role of Sergeant Ned Fletcher in The Way Ahead. From then on his career was defined by playing mainly policemen, soldiers and this typecasting bothered him, for even when cast in comedies he found he was invariably playing the heavy. In 1958 he played the sergeant in the first Carry On film comedy, Carry On Sergeant and he also appeared as Will Buckley – another military character – in the film The Mouse That Roared, again with Sellers. His first regular role on television was as Sergeant Major Percy Bullimore in The Army Game from 1957 to 1961, again, although it was a comedy series, he found himself cast in a tough-guy role. He appeared in a role in the film version of This Sporting Life. After living at 51 Church Street, Isleworth, next door to Hugh Blaker, then in the 1960s they moved to a cottage in Mayfield, Sussex. He lived in later life at Sheephurst Lane in Marden, Kent and his first episode of Doctor Who aired on 23 November 1963. Doctor Who earned Hartnell a regular salary of £315 per episode by 1966, by comparison, in 1966 his co-stars Anneke Wills and Michael Craze were earning £68 and £52 per episode at the same time, respectively
32.
First Doctor
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The First Doctor is the initial incarnation of the Doctor, the protagonist of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. He was portrayed by the actor William Hartnell from 1963 to 1966, Hartnell reprised the role once, in the tenth anniversary story The Three Doctors, although due to his failing health the story was written so he would not have to appear very extensively. Within the series narrative, the Doctor is a centuries-old alien Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey who travels in time and space in his TARDIS, when the Doctor is critically injured, he can regenerate his body, in doing so, his physical appearance and personality change. Hartnells Doctor is the Doctors original form, the regeneration plot device was introduced when Hartnell needed to leave the series, and consequently has extended the life of the show for many years. His original companions were his granddaughter Susan and her schoolteachers Ian Chesterton, Hartnells version of the Doctor was also the basis for the character played by the actor Peter Cushing in the 1965 and 1966 Dr. Who films, which do not share a continuity with the television series, the Doctor is a mysterious character and little is known about him except that he has a granddaughter, Susan Foreman, and that they come from another time and place. He has a ship travels through time and space, the TARDIS, which is currently disguised as a police box. The Doctor describes himself and Susan as exiles without specifying why or even whether their exile is self-imposed. Following Susan to her home, they discover the TARDIS in a junkyard. It was as this incarnation that the Doctor first met the Daleks, the TARDIS crew also observed many historical events such as the Reign of Terror in revolutionary France, meeting Marco Polo in China and The Aztecs in Mexico. The Doctor, Ian and Barbara were then joined by Vicki, the Doctor met another member of his own race for the first time in the form of the Meddling Monk and had an adventure in Galaxy 4. During the siege of Troy, Vicki decided to leave the TARDIS to stay with Troilus, due to this he was aged significantly, the effects on Sara were enough to reduce her to dust. After narrowly missing the Massacre of St Bartholomews Eve, the Doctor, Dodo brought a cold virus to the far future, which nearly annihilated the humans and Monoids travelling on The Ark. It was cured and when the TARDIS arrived on the Ark 700 years later the TARDIS crew helped the humans reach their destination, the Monoids having taken over the Ark. One of the First Doctors most deadly foes was the Celestial Toymaker, eventually, the Doctor managed to win the Trilogic Game allowing them all to escape the Toymakers domain. The Doctor was then joined by upper-class secretary Polly and sailor Ben Jackson who would witness his first regeneration, the toll of years put strain on the Doctors elderly frame. From the beginning, the Doctor was a mysterious figure and he appeared to be a frail old man and yet was possessed of unexpected reserves of strength and will. An early writers guide by script editor David Whitaker describes Doctor Who as frail-looking but wiry and its systems would often break down, especially the navigational systems
33.
The Fires of Pompeii
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The Fires of Pompeii is the second episode of the fourth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was broadcast on BBC One on 12 April 2008 and their clashing worldviews present an ethical dilemma for the Doctor. The episode was filmed in Romes Cinecittà studios, and was the first time the Doctor Who production team took its cast abroad for filming since its revival. The production of the episode was impeded by a fire near the several weeks before filming. Critics opinions regarding the episode were generally mixed, the premise of the episode—the moral dilemma the Doctor faces, and Donnas insistence that he save a family from Pompeii—was widely praised. The Doctor and Donna arrive in what the Doctor believes to be Rome in the first century AD, after an earthquake and witnessing a nearby mountain begin to smoulder, he realises he has in fact materialised in Pompeii one day before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. When he and Donna return to where the TARDIS landed, he discovers that a local merchant sold it to sculptor Lobus Caecilius, the Doctor and Donna go to Caeciliuss house to retrieve it. At the house, the Doctor is surprised by Caeciliuss daughter Evelina and they are interrupted by the local augur, Lucius Petrus Dextrus, who has arrived to collect a sculpture he commissioned. The Doctor is intrigued by the sculpture, which resembles a segment of a circuit board. Lucius Petrus reveals that he also has powerful ESP and calls out the name of the Doctors home planet, the Doctor wishes to learn more about the sculptures and enlists Caeciliuss son Quintus to help him break into Lucius Petrus house. Inside, the Doctor deduces that the circuits will make an energy converter, the two escape, but Lucius Petrus beckons a large stone creature to attack and kill them. The stone creature appears in Caeciliuss house and attacks them, but Quintus saves them by dousing the creature in water, in the confusion, the Sisterhood kidnap Donna, and the Doctor sets off to rescue her. He meets the high priestess of the Sisterhood, who is revealed to be transforming into a stone creature, the Doctor discovers that they are being controlled by the Pyroviles, volcanic creatures whose home planet of Pyrovilia was lost. The Doctor is attacked by the Sisterhood, but he escapes with Donna into a tunnel that leads into the heart of Mount Vesuvius. The Doctor discovers that the volcano is being used by the Pyroviles to convert the human race, the Doctor realises the volcano will not erupt if the energy converter is running, and tells Donna that the volcanic eruption is a fixed point in time and must always happen. The Doctor and Donna get into a pod and together press a lever which overloads the converter and triggers the eruption, killing the Pyroviles. The Doctor and Donna run for the TARDIS and the Doctor coldly leaves Caecilius, however, Donna tearfully begs him to go back and at least save one person, regardless of who it is. The Doctor finally relents and goes back for Caecilius and his family and he leaves them on a hill overlooking the destruction, and together with Donna slips out quietly as the family mourns Pompeii
34.
John Frobisher
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This is a list of characters from the British science fiction television programme Torchwood, created by Russell T Davies. This list includes main characters, recurring characters and important guest characters, the main characters typically function as a team, defending the planet from alien and nefarious human threats. Jack Harkness, played by Scottish-American actor John Barrowman, is the leader of Torchwood Three. After meeting the Ninth Doctor in Doctor Who, Jack reformed and changed his ways, and after a stint as the Doctors time travelling companion found his way to Torchwood in the 19th century. As a result of his immortality, Jack has lived a life, in which he has seen the loss of his brother Gray, his grandson Stephen. Gwen Cooper, played by Welsh actress Eve Myles, was recruited into Torchwood Three in the series premiere Everything Changes, a policewoman, partnered with PC Andy Davidson, Gwen by the second series becomes elevated to the teams second-in-command, after serving as leader during Jacks absence. Despite their relationship being tested by Gwens dishonesty, feelings for Jack Harkness, Gwen is one of two surviving agents following the destruction of the Cardiff branch of the Torchwood Institute, and goes into hiding following the birth of daughter Anwen. During Miracle Day she is conflicted between her Torchwood duties and her responsibility to her daughter and severely ill father. Doctor Owen Harper, played by American-born English actor Burn Gorman, is Torchwood Threes medical officer, after he loses his fiancée to an alien parasite, Owens genius and determination are recognised by Captain Jack and he is recruited into the Institute. Owen has many short-lived sexual relationships with such as Suzie Costello and Gwen Cooper. Toshiko Sato, played by Japanese-born British actress Naoko Mori, is Torchwood Threes technical expert, Toshiko is quiet, fiercely private and professional. Working for Torchwood Three, Toshiko perfected the Rift Manipulator device for the organization, Ianto Jones, played by Welsh actor Gareth David-Lloyd, is Torchwood Threes support man. He enters into a relationship with Jack in the first series. Rhys Alun Williams, portrayed by Welsh actor Kai Owen, is a character in the first two series and a main cast member from the third series onwards. Rhys is initially introduced as Gwens oblivious live-in boyfriend, but as the series progresses he becomes aware of the existence of life. The two marry in the episode Something Borrowed and proclaim a relationship based on truth, Rex Matheson, played by American actor Mekhi Phifer, is a field agent for the CIA whose investigation into Torchwood leads him to join the organisation after he is betrayed by the CIA. Rex is immediately connected to the event which is preventing humans from dying. Well-trained within the CIA, Rex finds himself frustrated by Jack and Gwens ad hoc and sometimes unprofessional approach to field work and he befriends and romances Vera Juarez, and is appalled at what happens to her
35.
Torchwood: Children of Earth
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Children of Earth is the banner title of the third series of the British television science fiction programme Torchwood, which broadcast for five episodes on BBC One in 2009. The series had new producer Peter Bennett and was directed by Euros Lyn, Torchwood is a series about an organization known as Torchwood which defends the Earth against alien threats. The first, third, and fifth episodes of the serial were written by executive producer Russell T Davies, the third episode was co-written by James Moran whilst the second and fourth were penned by newcomer John Fay. Because the BBC was not awarded the increase in the fee it requested. As part of Davies agreement with the BBC, Torchwood was shown on the networks channel, BBC One. Despite the move to BBC One, the show was cut from a standard thirteen-episode run to just five, production on the mini-series began in August 2008, and Barrowman along with actors Eve Myles, Gareth David-Lloyd, and Kai Owen all returned. The serial significantly features new actors to the series over the course of its five episodes, when the series defied expectations by achieving good ratings, Davies stated that a surprised BBC Controller rang to congratulate him. Mid-summer evenings are typically considered a graveyard slot for television series, the success of the series led a fourth series, Torchwood, Miracle Day, which was commissioned in conjunction with the US premium cable network Starz. To this end, Agent Johnson plants a bomb in Jacks abdomen, aware of Jacks regenerative abilities, Johnsons troops also collect Jacks remains from the blast rubble, and lock them in a secure facility, monitoring the regeneration of his body. The remaining Torchwood team make contact with Lois Habiba, a new assistant in Frobishers office who has covertly accessed computer information on Torchwood. Torchwood also identifies and rescues Clement McDonald, one of the twelve children sacrificed to the 456. (In addition to going mad, MacDonald also gained an ability to smell, he can use it to tell when people speak truth. On the third day, the ambassador for the 456 arrives in a column of fire over Thames House before appearing in the isolation tank. Frobisher and his staff, including Lois who still wears the Torchwood contact lenses, the 456 demand that 10% of the worlds population of children be handed over to them, or else they will destroy the human race. They reveal one of the children from 1965, now a shrivelled husk despite having not aged, Children around the world begin to chant a number equal to 10% of their countrys child population. The governments of the world, although disgusted, secretly agree in conference that they have no choice, Jack and Ianto storm Thames House, confront the 456 and give them an ultimatum- that they leave the Earth or else they will face a war. In response, the 456 release a lethal virus, Thames House automatically locks down, sealing and killing everyone inside except Mr. Dekker, who successfully puts on a hazard suit in time. At the same time, they send a signal to Clement
36.
Torchwood
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Torchwood is a British science fiction television programme created by Russell T Davies. A spin-off from the 2005 revival of long-running science fiction programme Doctor Who, in contrast to Doctor Who, whose target audience includes both adults and children, Torchwood is aimed at an older audience. Over its run, the show explored a number of themes, prominent among these were existentialism, homosexual and bisexual relationships, and explorations of human corruptibility. Torchwood follows the exploits of a team of alien hunters, who make up the Cardiff-based, fictional Torchwood Institute. Its central character is Captain Jack Harkness, an immortal former con-man from the distant future, other than Barrowman, the initial main cast of the series consisted of Eve Myles, Burn Gorman, Naoko Mori, and Gareth David-Lloyd. Their characters are specialists for the Torchwood team, often tracking down aliens and defending the planet from alien, in its first two series, the show uses a time rift in Cardiff as its primary plot generator, accounting for the unusual preponderance of alien beings in Cardiff. In the third and fourth series, Torchwood operate as fugitives, Gorman and Moris characters were written out of the story at the end of the second series. Recurring actor Kai Owen was promoted to the main cast in three, in which David-Lloyd too was written out. Subsequently, American actors Mekhi Phifer, Alexa Havins, and Bill Pullman joined the cast of the show for its fourth series, the first series premiered on BBC Three and on BBC HD in 2006 to mixed reviews, but viewing figures which broke records for the digital channel. The third series episodes worked on a budget and transferred to the networks flagship channel, BBC One, as a five-episode serial, entitled Torchwood. Although Children of Earth was broadcast over a period of five consecutive summer weeknights, a fourth series, co-produced by BBC Wales, BBC Worldwide, and US premium entertainment network Starz aired in 2011 under the title Torchwood, Miracle Day. Set both in Wales and the United States, Miracle Day fared less well with critics than the previous series, in October 2012, Davies announced that for personal reasons the show would enter indefinite hiatus. All four series have been broadcast in Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, owing to the early popularity of Torchwood, various tie-in media were produced, including audio dramas, novels and comic strips. The BBC continued to approve and commission licensed spin-offs after the shows conclusion, before the revival of Doctor Who, Russell T Davies began to develop an idea for a science-fiction/crime drama in the style of American dramas like Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. This idea, originally titled Excalibur, was abandoned until 2005, during the production of the 2005 series of Doctor Who, the word Torchwood had been used as a title ruse for the series while filming its first few episodes to ensure they were not intercepted. Davies connected the word Torchwood to his earlier Excalibur idea and decided to make the series a Doctor Who spin-off, subsequently, the word Torchwood was seeded in Doctor Who episodes and other media that aired in 2005 and 2006. Because Torchwood is shown after the watershed – that is, after 9 pm – it has more content than Doctor Who. Davies told SFX, We can be a bit more visceral, more violent, though bear in mind that its very teenage to indulge yourself in blood and gore, and Torchwood is going to be smarter than that
37.
Russell T Davies
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He left the BBC in the early 1990s to work for Granada Television and later became a freelance writer. Davies moved into writing adult television dramas in 1994 and he revived and ran Doctor Who after a sixteen-year hiatus, with Christopher Eccleston, and later David Tennant, in the title role. Davies moved to Los Angeles, California in 2009, where he oversaw production of Torchwood, Miracle Day, after his partner developed cancer in late 2011, Davies returned to the UK, and co-created a new drama for CBBC, Wizards vs Aliens. Stephen Russell Davies was born on 27 April 1963 at Mount Pleasant Hospital in Swansea and his father, Vivian Davies, and his mother, Barbara, were teachers. Davies was the youngest of three children and their only son, because he was born by C-section, his mother was placed on a morphine drip and was institutionalised after an overdose resulted in a psychotic episode. He described his mothers experience as literally, like science fiction and an early inspiration for his writing career. As a child, Davies was almost always referred to by his middle name and he grew up in a household that never switched the TV off until after closedown, and he subsequently became immersed in dramas such as I, Claudius and Doctor Who. One of his first memories, at the age of three, was the 1966 Doctor Who serial The Tenth Planet and he was also an avid cartoonist and comics enthusiast, and purchased series such as Asterix and Peanuts. Davies attended the local Tycoch Primary School in Sketty and enrolled at Olchfa Comprehensive School aged 11, in his first year, the main school buildings were closed off for renovation after inspectors discovered that the cement used in construction had caused other public buildings to collapse. Lessons were instead held in buildings, which influenced Davies imagination to create mystery, science-fiction. He also immersed himself in such as Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence and The Crystal Mouse by Babs H Deal. At age 14, he auditioned for and joined the newly formed West Glamorgan Youth Theatre Company, the groups founder and director, Godfrey Evans, considered him to be a total all-rounder who was talented and popular with the other students. Working with the group allowed him to define his sexual identity and he later came out as homosexual in his teenage years. In 1981, he was accepted by Worcester College, Oxford to study English literature, at Oxford, he realised that he was enamoured with the narrative aspect of fiction, especially 19th-century literature such as Charles Dickens. In 1984, he made his performance for the WGYT. He worked sporadically for the Sherman Theatres publicity department and claimed unemployment benefit in the interim, Davies was taken on as a member of the BBC Wales childrens department in 1985 and given one-day contracts and commissions, such as illustrating for Why Dont You. As he was given three days of work per month by the BBC, he continued to freelance and volunteer for the Sherman Theatre. In 1986, he was approached by the Sunday Sport before its launch to provide a daily strip
38.
The Girl Who Died
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The Girl Who Died is the fifth episode of the ninth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 17 October 2015 and it is written by Jamie Mathieson and Steven Moffat and directed by Ed Bazalgette. The episode is set in a little Viking village where all the warriors have just been slaughtered, the Doctor and Clara have 12 hours to train some farmers into warriors when Ashildr declares war upon the Mire. Under attack from a fleet, the Doctor rescues Clara from asphyxiation in space by materialising the TARDIS around her. He lands the TARDIS on Earth, and they are captured by Vikings, the Doctor tries to frighten them by brandishing his sonic sunglasses, but an unimpressed Viking simply breaks them. The Doctor attempts to use his magic to impress the Vikings into letting them go and he claims to be Odin, but they dismiss him as an impostor. Suddenly, an image of Odin appears in the sky, commending the Viking warriors bravery, a squad of armoured suits arrive, using weapons that appear to disintegrate the warriors. The armoured suits disappear, leaving the Doctor alone with the non-warriors of the village, Clara, Ashildr, and the Vikings Warriors find themselves aboard a spacecraft. The male Vikings are killed and drained of their adrenaline and testosterone and they meet Odin, who is actually the leader of the Mire, a species that prides itself on its merciless reputation. Clara attempts to negotiate peace, but Ashildr, enraged by what she has seen, Odin states he will launch an attack in 24 hours and returns Clara and Ashildr to the surface, to the relief of the Doctor. Clara brings the Doctor up to date, and the Doctor encourages the remaining villagers to abandon the village until the Mire have left and they refuse, willing to make a stand despite their lack of battle skills. The Doctor attempts to train them to fight, but they are far too weak, the Doctor tries to devise another plan. He discovers that Ashildr is a storyteller who uses homemade articulated puppets, able to understand Baby, he translates for the blacksmiths baby, who is crying about the fire in the water. The Doctor realises that this refers to the eels that the fishermen have caught. When the Mire arrive the day, they find the villagers having a party. Confused by this reaction, they hesitate to attack, the villagers use the electricity generated by the eels to overload the Mires battle suits, and to power a makeshift electromagnet that removes a Mire helmet. The Doctor quickly modifies the helmet and gives it to Ashildr to wear, mental images from her stories are relayed through the helmets to the other Mire, and the invaders see a dragon attacking them. The soldiers flee, leaving Odin behind, the Doctor reveals that the dragon was just one of Ashildrs puppets augmented by her imagination, and that Clara has recorded the Mires terrified rout
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