1.
Portland, Indiana
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Portland is a city in and the county seat of Jay County, Indiana, United States. The population was 6,186 at the 2015 census and it was named after Portland, Maine. The Jay County Courthouse, Portland Commercial Historic District, and Jonas Votaw House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Portland is located at 40°26′2″N 84°58′48″W, along the Salamonie River. According to the 2015 census, Portland has an area of 4.1 square miles. As of the census of 2015, there were 6,186 people,2,607 households, the population density was 1,508.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,928 housing units at a density of 712.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 49% White,0. 37% African American,0. 11% Native American,0. 34% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,1. 8% from other races, and 0. 84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 36% of the population,32. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the family size was 2.86. The median age in the city was 38 years. 23. 1% of residents were under the age of 18, 9% were between the ages of 18 and 24,26. 8% were from 25 to 44,22. 2% were from 45 to 64, and 18. 8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 87. 9% male and 12. 1% female, as of the census of 2010, there were 6,223 people,2,607 households, and 1,620 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,338.3 inhabitants per square mile, there were 3,005 housing units at an average density of 646.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 94. 5% White,0. 4% African American,0. 5% Asian,3. 1% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 8% of the population. 32. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 14. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age in the city was 39.4 years. 23. 7% of residents were under the age of 18,8. 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24,25. 1% were from 25 to 44,24. 7% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46. 8% male and 53. 2% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 6,437 people,2,739 households, and 1,750 families residing in the city
2.
Dancer
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Dance is a performance art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture, Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin. Other forms of movement are sometimes said to have a dance-like quality, including martial arts, gymnastics, figure skating, synchronized swimming. Theatrical dance, also called performance or concert dance, is intended primarily as a spectacle and it often tells a story, perhaps using mime, costume and scenery, or else it may simply interpret the musical accompaniment, which is often specially composed. Examples are western ballet and modern dance, Classical Indian dance and Chinese and Japanese song, most classical forms are centred upon dance alone, but performance dance may also appear in opera and other forms of musical theatre. Such dance seldom has any narrative, a group dance and a corps de ballet, a social partner dance and a pas de deux, differ profoundly. Even a solo dance may be solely for the satisfaction of the dancer. On the other hand, some cultures lay down strict rules as to the dances in which, for example. Archeological evidence for early dance includes 9, 000-year-old paintings in India at the Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka and it has been proposed that before the invention of written languages, dance was an important part of the oral and performance methods of passing stories down from generation to generation. The use of dance in trance states and healing rituals is thought to have been another early factor in the social development of dance. References to dance can be found in very early recorded history, Greek dance is referred to by Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch, the Bible and Talmud refer to many events related to dance, and contain over 30 different dance terms. In Chinese pottery as early as the Neolithic period, groups of people are depicted dancing in a line holding hands, Dance is further described in the Lüshi Chunqiu. Primitive dance in ancient China was associated with sorcery and shamanic rituals, during the first millennium BCE in India, many texts were composed which attempted to codify aspects of daily life. Bharata Munis Natyashastra is one of the earlier texts and it mainly deals with drama, in which dance plays an important part in Indian culture. It categorizes dance into four types - secular, ritual, abstract, the text elaborates various hand-gestures and classifies movements of the various limbs, steps and so on. A strong continuous tradition of dance has since continued in India, through to modern times, where it continues to play a role in culture, ritual, and, notably, the Bollywood entertainment industry. Many other contemporary dance forms can likewise be traced back to historical, traditional, ceremonial, Dance is generally, though not exclusively, performed with the accompaniment of music and may or may not be performed in time to such music. Some dance may provide its own audible accompaniment in place of music, many early forms of music and dance were created for each other and are frequently performed together
3.
Movin' Out (musical)
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Movin Out is a jukebox musical featuring the songs of Billy Joel. Conceived by Twyla Tharp, the tells the story of a generation of American youth growing up on Long Island during the 1960s. The principal characters are drawn from those who appeared in various Joel tunes, high school sweethearts Brenda and Eddie, James, Judy, and Tony. The show is unusual in that, unlike the musical, it essentially is a series of dances linked by a thin plot. All the vocals are performed by a pianist and band suspended on a platform above the stage while the act out the songs dialogue, making the show, in essence. The show started in pre-Broadway try-outs at the Shubert Theatre in Chicago from June 25,2002 through September 1,2002. It premiered on Broadway at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on October 24,2002, the first national tour of Movin Out ran for three years, opening on January 27,2004 and ending on January 21,2007 after 1,111 performances. The tour also played to generally excellent reviews and full houses in 82 U. S. cities and it featured numerous dancers from the original Broadway production, who rotated in and out as schedules allowed. Darren Holden was the primary lead Piano Man for the run of the tour, joined by Matt Wilson, Charlie Neshyba-Hodges, James Fox. Holly Cruikshank, in the role of Brenda, won the 2005 Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Non-Resident Production. The West End production opened on April 10,2006, at Londons Apollo Victoria Theatre where, despite receiving mostly solid reviews, James Fox and Darren Reeves were the leads, alternating as The Piano Man. Situated across from Victoria Station, away from the hub of theatre activity, and with more than 2500 seats. The show played Tokyo, Japan in the summer of 2006, with many of the first national tours performers, Darren Holden, a second national tour opened in Atlantic City on June 14,2007 with Matthew Friedman and Kyle Martin in the lead role of Piano Man. A third National Tour opened in La Crosse, Wisconsin on November 4,2008 with Matthew Friedman, Kyle Martin, on October 15,2002, a live cast recording was released featuring the 2002 original Broadway cast. It was a single CD featuring 30 tracks, Movin Out at the Internet Broadway Database Movin Out plot and production at guidetomusicaltheatre. com
4.
Americans
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Americans are citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, although citizens make up the majority of Americans, non-citizen residents, dual citizens, and expatriates may also claim an American identity. See Names for United States citizens. S, virgin Islands and Northern Mariana Islands in the 20th century. It also includes influences of African-American culture, westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements, immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics, in addition to the United States, Americans and people of American descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, the United States of America is a diverse country, racially, and ethnically. Some other race is also an option in the census and other surveys, people of European descent, or White Americans, constitute the majority of the 308 million people living in the United States, with 72. 4% of the population in the 2010 United States Census. They are considered people who trace their ancestry to the peoples of Europe, the Middle East. Of those reporting to be White American,7,487,133 reported to be Multiracial, with largest combination being white, additionally, there are 29,184,290 White Hispanics or Latinos. Non-Hispanic Whites are the majority in 46 states, there are four minority-majority states, California, Texas, New Mexico, and Hawaii. In addition, the District of Columbia has a non-white majority, the state with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic White Americans is Maine. The largest continental ancestral group of Americans are that of Europeans who have origins in any of the peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European diaspora, the Spanish were the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born in the Thirteen Colonies to English parents. 8% of the total population, Hispanic or Latino Americans constitute the largest ethnic minority in the United States. They form the second largest group after non-Hispanic Whites in the United States, hispanic/Latino Americans are very racially diverse, and as a result form an ethnic category, rather than a race
5.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
6.
Classical music
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Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical and secular music. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period, Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches, tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This can leave less room for such as improvisation and ad libitum ornamentation. The term classical music did not appear until the early 19th century, the earliest reference to classical music recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1836. This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and, the written quality of the music has enabled a high level of complexity within them, J. S. The use of written notation also preserves a record of the works, Musical notation enables 2000s-era performers to sing a choral work from the 1300s Renaissance era or a 1700s Baroque concerto with many of the features of the music being reproduced. That said, the score does not provide complete and exact instructions on how to perform a historical work, even if the tempo is written with an Italian instruction, we do not know exactly how fast the piece should be played. Bach was particularly noted for his complex improvisations, during the Classical era, the composer-performer Mozart was noted for his ability to improvise melodies in different styles. During the Classical era, some virtuoso soloists would improvise the cadenza sections of a concerto, during the Romantic era, Beethoven would improvise at the piano. The instruments currently used in most classical music were largely invented before the mid-19th century and they consist of the instruments found in an orchestra or in a concert band, together with several other solo instruments. The symphony orchestra is the most widely known medium for music and includes members of the string, woodwind, brass. The concert band consists of members of the woodwind, brass and it generally has a larger variety and number of woodwind and brass instruments than the orchestra but does not have a string section. However, many bands use a double bass. Many of the used to perform medieval music still exist. Medieval instruments included the flute, the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle, Medieval instruments in Europe had most commonly been used singly, often self accompanied with a drone note, or occasionally in parts. From at least as early as the 13th century through the 15th century there was a division of instruments into haut, during the earlier medieval period, the vocal music from the liturgical genre, predominantly Gregorian chant, was monophonic, using a single, unaccompanied vocal melody line. Polyphonic vocal genres, which used multiple independent vocal melodies, began to develop during the medieval era, becoming prevalent by the later 13th
7.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
8.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
9.
The Beach Boys
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The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The groups original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The Beach Boys began as a band managed by the Wilsons father Murry. Emerging at the vanguard of the California Sound, they performed material that reflected a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars. After 1964, they abandoned the surfing aesthetic for more personal lyrics, in 1966, the Pet Sounds album and Good Vibrations single vaulted the group to the top level of rock innovators and established the band as symbols of the nascent counterculture era. Following Smiles dissolution, Brian gradually ceded production and songwriting duties to the rest of the band, reducing his input because of mental health and substance abuse issues. The continued success of their greatest hits albums during the mid 1970s precipitated the transition into an oldies act. Since the 1980s, much-publicized legal wrangling over royalties, songwriting credits, Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carls death, many live configurations of the band fronted by Mike Love, Even though Wilson and Jardine have not performed with Love and Johnstons band since their one-off 2012 reunion tour, they remain a part of the Beach Boys corporation, Brother Records Inc. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, the group had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them US Top 40 hits, four reaching number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. They received their only Grammy Award for The Smile Sessions, the core quintet of the three Wilsons, Love and Jardine were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. At the time of his birthday on June 20,1958, Brian Wilson shared a bedroom with his brothers, Dennis and Carl – aged thirteen and eleven. He had watched his father, Murry Wilson, play piano, after dissecting songs such as Ivory Tower and Good News, Brian would teach family members how to sing the background harmonies. For his birthday that year, Brian received a tape recorder. He learned how to overdub, using his vocals and those of Carl, Brian played piano with Carl and David Marks, an eleven-year-old longtime neighbor, playing guitars they had each received as Christmas presents. Soon Brian and Carl were avidly listening to Johnny Otis KFOX radio show, inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, Brian changed his piano-playing style and started writing songs. His enthusiasm interfered with his studies at school. Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love, Brian taught Loves sister Maureen and a friend harmonies
10.
Joffrey Ballet
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The Joffrey Ballet is a professional dance company resident in Chicago, Illinois, USA. The company regularly performs classical ballets, including Romeo & Juliet and The Nutcracker, and modern dance pieces. Many choreographers have worked with the Joffrey including Paul Taylor, Twyla Tharp, George Balanchine, founded as a touring company in 1956, it was based in New York City until 1995 when it moved to Chicago. The companys headquarters and dance academy are in Joffrey Tower, while Joffrey stayed in New York City to teach ballet classes and earn money to pay the dancers salaries, Arpino led the troupe. The ensemble first performed in a city in Chicago in 1957. The Joffrey Ballet originally settled down in New York City, under the name the Robert Joffrey Theatre Ballet, in 1962 modern choreographer Alvin Ailey was invited to make a work for the company. Rebekah Harkness was an important early benefactor and she made international touring possible, but in 1964 she and Joffrey parted ways. Joffrey started again, building up a new company made its debut in 1965 as the Joffrey Ballet. Following a successful season at the New York City Center in 1966, it was invited to become City Centers resident ballet company with Joffrey as artistic director, in 1973 Joffrey asked Twyla Tharp to create her first commissioned ballet, Deuce Coupe. The company continued as City Center Joffrey Ballet until 1977, from 1977, it performed as the Joffrey Ballet, with a second home established in Los Angeles from. In 1995, the company left New York City for Chicago to establish a permanent residence there, the first few years in Chicago were financially arduous for the company, nearly causing it to close several times, but audiences later became larger and younger. The Joffrey Ballet appeared in the motion picture Save the Last Dance and it was also the subject of Robert Altmans penultimate film, The Company. Malcolm McDowell played the companys artistic director, a character based on Gerald Arpino. The film is composed of stories gathered from the dancers, choreographers. Most of the roles are played by company members. In the Glee, character Mike Chang is given a scholarship to attend the Joffrey Academy of Dance in Chicago, in fall 1987 the Joffrey Ballet premiered a reconstructed version of Igor Stravinskys seminal ballet The Rite of Spring in the city of Los Angeles. The original ballet debuted in 1913 in Paris, France and was choreographed by Vaslav Nijinsky, Dance experts Millicent Hodson and Kenneth Archer spent eighteen years gathering research on the original ballet in order to properly reconstruct it. Its repertoire consists of classical and contemporary pieces, as well as annual December performances of The Nutcracker, presented in conjunction with the Chicago Philharmonic
11.
Mikhail Baryshnikov
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Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov, nicknamed Misha, is a Soviet and American dancer, choreographer, and actor. He is often cited alongside Vaslav Nijinsky, Rudolf Nureyev and Vladimir Vasiliev as one of the greatest ballet dancers in history, after a promising start in the Mariinsky Ballet in Leningrad, Mikhail Baryshnikov defected to Canada in 1974 for more opportunities in western dance. After freelancing with many companies, he joined the New York City Ballet as a dancer to learn George Balanchines style of movement. He then danced with the American Ballet Theatre, where he became artistic director. Mikhail Baryshnikov has spearheaded many of his own projects and has been associated in particular with promoting modern dance, premiering dozens of new works. His success as an actor on stage, cinema and television has helped him become probably the most widely recognized contemporary ballet dancer. In 1977, he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and he also had a significant role in the last season of the television series Sex and the City and starred in the movie White Nights with Gregory Hines. Mikhail Baryshnikov was born in Riga, then Latvian SSR, Soviet Union and his parents were Russians, Alexandra and Nikolay Baryshnikov. Baryshnikov began his studies in Riga in 1960, at the age of 11. In 1964, he entered the Vaganova School, in what was then in Leningrad, Baryshnikov soon won the top prize in the junior division of the Varna International Ballet Competition. He joined the Mariinsky Ballet, which was called the Kirov Ballet, in 1967. Baryshnikov made signature roles of Jakobsons 1969 virtuosic Vestris along with an intensely emotional Albrecht in Giselle, while still in the Soviet Union, he was called by New York Times critic Clive Barnes the most perfect dancer I have ever seen. On June 29,1974, while on tour in Canada with the Mariinsky Ballet, Mikhail Baryshnikov defected, requesting asylum in Toronto. He also announced to the world he would not go back to the USSR. He later stated that Christina Berlin, an American friend of his and his first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in La Sylphide. He then went on to the United States, in December 1975, he and his dance partner Natalia Makarova featured prominently in an episode of the BBC television series Arena. From 1974 to 1978, Mikhail Baryshnikov was a dancer with the American Ballet Theatre. Mikhail Baryshnikov performed with the New York City Ballet as a dancer for 15 months from 1978 to 1979
12.
American Ballet Theatre
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American Ballet Theatre is a classical ballet company based in New York City. It has an annual season at the Metropolitan Opera House in the spring and a shorter season at the David H. Koch Theater in the fall. ABT was founded in 1939 by Lucia Chase and Richard Pleasant and is recognized as one of the leading classical ballet companies. ABT is also the parent company of the American Ballet Theatre Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School, in 1939, Pleasant and Chase developed big ideas to create a large scale company with an eclectic repertory. They and a group from Mordorkin Ballet formed Ballet Theatre. During this period, American Ballet Theatre shifted its focus to recruiting ballet stars, in 1977, the company began its spring season at the Metropolitan Opera House, its new official venue, then in 1980 Mikhail Baryshnikov became Artistic Director for American Ballet Theatre. Baryshnikov staged, restaged, and refurbished numerous classical ballets and, according to the company, Baryshnikov was replaced by Jane Hermann and Oliver Smith in 1989, and the pair remained as Artistic Directors until in 1992 Kevin McKenzie was appointed. McKenzie satisfied the demands of the traditional ballet audience by prioritizing full-length narrative ballets as well as succeeding in keeping the company afloat during financially unstable times and they are, Apprentice, Corps de Ballet, Soloist and Principal. The American Ballet Theatres current Corps de Ballet includes, The American Ballet Theatres current apprentices includes
13.
Indiana
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Indiana /ɪndiˈænə/ is a U. S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U. S. state on December 11,1816, before becoming a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Indiana has an economy with a gross state product of $298 billion in 2012. Indiana has several areas with populations greater than 100,000. The states name means Land of the Indians, or simply Indian Land and it also stems from Indianas territorial history. On May 7,1800, the United States Congress passed legislation to divide the Northwest Territory into two areas and named the section the Indiana Territory. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a resident of Indiana is officially known as a Hoosier. The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the Paleo-Indians, divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking, the Archaic period, which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. The people developed new tools as well as techniques to cook food, such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They made ground-stone tools such as axes, woodworking tools. During the latter part of the period, they built mounds and middens. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC, afterward, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, the people created ceramics and pottery, an early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began developing long-range trade of goods, nearing the end of the stage, the people developed highly productive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture, growing such crops as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD, the Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, the people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with mounds and plazas defining ceremonial
14.
Rialto, California
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Rialto is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. The population was 99,171 with the 2010 Census, one of the United States largest fireworks companies, Pyro Spectaculars, is also headquartered in Rialto. The particularly arid climate during the summer prevents tropospheric clouds from forming, meaning temperatures rise to what is considered Class Orange by NOAA, Rialto gets an average of 16 inches of rain, and maybe hail most of this rainfall precipitates in winter. During winter, Rialtos northern-most neighborhood gets snow, heavily at times as a result of its elevation of about 3,000 feet above sea level, however, most of the city is out of snowfalls path. This phenomenon markedly increases the danger in the foothill, canyon. Rialto is located at 34°6′41″N 117°22′57″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.4 square miles. 22.4 square miles of it is land and 0. 06% is water, as of the census of 2000, there are 91,873 people,24,659 households, and 20,516 families residing in the city. There are 26,045 housing units at a density of 459. 8/km². The racial makeup of the city is 39. 37% White,22. 27% African American,1. 05% Native American,2. 47% Asian,0. 43% Pacific Islander,29. 20% from other races, and 5. 21% from two or more races. 51. 21% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race,13. 4% of all households are made up of individuals and 5. 4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 3.69 and the family size is 4.01. In the city, the population is out with 37. 7% under the age of 18,10. 4% from 18 to 24,29. 1% from 25 to 44,16. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age is 26 years, for every 100 females there are 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.7 males, the median income for a household in the city is $41,254, and the median income for a family is $42,638. Males have an income of $34,110 versus $26,640 for females. The per capita income for the city is $13,375,17. 4% of the population and 13. 8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the population,21. 7% of those under the age of 18 and 9. 7% of those 65. The 2010 United States Census reported that Rialto had a population of 99,171, the population density was 4,434.1 people per square mile
15.
Drive-in theater
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A drive-in theater or drive-in cinema is a form of cinema structure consisting of a large outdoor movie screen, a projection booth, a concession stand and a large parking area for automobiles. Within this enclosed area, customers can view movies from the privacy, some drive-ins have small playgrounds for children and a few picnic tables or benches. The screen can be as simple as a wall that is painted white, originally, a movies sound was provided by speakers on the screen and later by an individual speaker hung from the window of each car, which would be attached by a wire. This system was superseded by the economical and less damage-prone method of broadcasting the soundtrack at a low output power on AM or FM radio to be picked up by a car radio. This method also allows the soundtrack to be picked up in stereo by the audience on an often high-fidelity stereo installed in the car instead of through a simple speaker. A partial drive-in theater – Theatre de Guadalupe – was opened in Las Cruces, New Mexico, on April 23,1915, the first movie shown by the Theatre de Guadalupe was Bags of Gold, produced by Siegmund Lubin. Theatre de Guadalupe soon was renamed De Lux Theater before closing in July 1916, in 1921, a drive-in was opened by Claude V. Caver in Comanche, Texas. Caver obtained a permit from the city to project films downtown, with cars parked bumper-to-bumper, patrons witnessed the screening of silent films from their vehicles. In the 1920s, outdoor movies became a summer entertainment. In 1932, Hollingshead conducted outdoor theater tests in his driveway at 212 Thomas Avenue in Riverton, blocks under vehicles in the driveway enabled him to determine the size and spacing of ramps so all automobiles could have a clear view of the screen. Hollingshead applied for a patent of his invention on August 6,1932, patent 1,909,537 on May 16,1933. Hollingsheads drive-in opened in New Jersey June 6,1933, on Admiral Wilson Boulevard in Pennsauken Township, rosemont Avenue now runs through the prior location. It offered 400 slots and a 40 by 50 ft screen and he advertised his drive-in theater with the slogan, The whole family is welcome, regardless of how noisy the children are. The first film shown was the Adolphe Menjou film Wife Beware, failing to make a profit, Hollingshead sold the theater after three years to a Union, New Jersey theater owner who moved the infrastructure to that city, but the concept caught on nationwide. Early drive-in theaters had to deal with sound issues, the original Hollingshead drive-in had speakers installed on the tower itself which caused a sound delay affecting patrons at the rear of the drive-ins field. In 1935, the Pico Drive-in Theater attempted to solve this problem by having a row of speakers in front of the cars, in 1941, RCA introduced in-car speakers with individual volume controls which solved the noise pollution issue and provided satisfactory sound to drive-in patrons. The drive-ins peak popularity came in the late 1950s and early 1960s, particularly in rural areas, with some 4,000 drive-ins spread across the United States. Among its advantages was the fact that a family with a baby could take care of their child while watching a movie, revenue is more limited than regular theaters since showings can only begin at twilight
16.
U.S. Route 66
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U. S. Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway, the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was one of the original highways within the U. S. Highway System. US66 was established on November 11,1926, with signs erected the following year. It was recognized in popular culture by both the hit song Route 66 and the Route 66 television show in the 1960s. US66 served as a path for those who migrated west, especially during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Portions of the road passed through Illinois, Missouri, New Mexico, and Arizona have been designated a National Scenic Byway of the name Historic Route 66. Several states have adopted significant bypassed sections of the former US66 into the road network as State Route 66. His secondary orders were to test the feasibility of the use of camels as pack animals in the southwestern desert and this road became part of US66. Parts of the original Route 66 from 1913, prior to its naming and commissioning. The paved road becomes a road, south of Cajon. Before a nationwide network of numbered highways was adopted by the states, the route that would become US66 was covered by three highways. The Lone Star Route passed through St. Louis on its way from Chicago to Cameron, Louisiana, the transcontinental National Old Trails Road led via St. Again, a shorter route was taken, here following the Postal Highway between Oklahoma City and Amarillo. Finally, the National Old Trails Road became the rest of the route to Los Angeles, the original inspiration for a roadway between Chicago and Los Angeles was planned by entrepreneurs Cyrus Avery of Tulsa, Oklahoma and John Woodruff of Springfield, Missouri. The pair lobbied the American Association of State Highway Officials for the creation of a following the 1925 plans. The numerical designation 66 was assigned to the Chicago-to-Los Angeles route on April 30,1926 in Springfield, Louis streets and on Route 266 to Halltown, Missouri. Avery was adamant that the highway have a number and had proposed number 60 to identify it. A controversy erupted over the number 60, largely from delegates from Kentucky who wanted a Virginia Beach–Los Angeles highway to be US60, arguments and counterarguments continued throughout February, including a proposal to split the proposed route through Kentucky into Route 60 North and Route 60 South. The final conclusion was to have US60 run between Virginia Beach, Virginia, and Springfield, Missouri, and the Chicago–L. A. Avery and highway engineer John Page settled on 66, which was unassigned, because he thought the number would be easy to remember as well as pleasant to say
17.
San Bernardino, California
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San Bernardino /ˈsæn ˌbɜːrnɑːrˈdiːnoʊ/ is a city located in the Riverside-San Bernardino metropolitan area. It serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, as one of the Inland Empires anchor cities, San Bernardino spans 81 square miles on the floor of the San Bernardino Valley and has a population of 209,924 as of the 2010 census. San Bernardino is the 17th-largest city in California and the 100th-largest city in the United States, San Bernardino is home to numerous diplomatic missions for the Inland Empire, being one of four cities in California with numerous consulates. The governments of Guatemala and Mexico have established their consulates in the area of the city. California State University, San Bernardino is located in the part of the city. The university also hosts the Coussoulis Arena, in addition, the city is home to the Inland Empire 66ers baseball team, they play their home games at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino. In August 2012, San Bernardino became the largest city to choose to file for protection under Chapter 9 of the U. S. Bankruptcy code, San Bernardinos case was filed on August 1. On December 2,2015, a terrorist attack left 14 people dead and 22 seriously injured, the city of San Bernardino, California, occupies much of the San Bernardino Valley, which indigenous tribespeople originally referred to as The Valley of the Cupped Hand of God. The Tongva Indians also called the San Bernardino area Waaach in their language, upon seeing the immense geological arrowhead-shaped rock formation on the side of the San Bernardino Mountains, they found the hot and cold springs to which the arrowhead seemed to point. Politana was the first Spanish settlement in the San Bernardino Valley, Two years later the settlement was destroyed by superstitious local tribesmen, following the powerful earthquakes that shook the region. Several years later, the Serrano and Mountain Cahuilla rebuilt the Politana rancheria and they did and established the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia. Serrano and Cahuilla people inhabited Politana until long after the 1830s decree of secularization, the city of San Bernardino one of the oldest communities in the state of California, and in its present-day location, was not largely settled until 1851, after California became a state. The first Anglo-American colony was established by pioneers associated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or Mormons, hardworking Mormon colonists developed irrigated, commercial farming and lumbering, supplying agricultural produce and lumber throughout Southern California. The city was incorporated in the year 1857. Later that year most of the colonists were recalled by Brigham Young in 1857 due to the Utah War, once highly regarded in early California, news of the Mountain Meadows Massacre poisoned attitudes toward the Mormons. They sold these lands to new settlers who came to dominate the culture and politics in the county, many the new land owners unlike the sober Mormons, indulged in drinking at saloons now allowed in the town. Disorder, fighting and violence in the vicinity became common, reaching a climax in the 1859 Ainsworth - Gentry Affair, in 1860 a gold rush began in the mountains nearby with the discovery of gold by William F. Holcomb in Holcomb Valley early 1860. Another strike followed in the reach of Lytle Creek
18.
Vera Lynn
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During the war she toured Egypt, India, and Burma as part of ENSA, giving outdoor concerts for the troops. The songs most associated with her are Well Meet Again, The White Cliffs of Dover, A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square and Therell Always Be an England. She remained popular after the war, appearing on radio and television in the UK and her last single, I Love This Land, was released to mark the end of the Falklands War. In 2009, at age 92, she became the oldest living artist to top the UK Albums Chart, with Well Meet Again and she has devoted much time and energy to charity work connected with ex-servicemen, disabled children, and breast cancer. She is held in affection by veterans of the Second World War to this day. Vera Margaret Welch was born in East Ham, London, on 20 March 1917, to parents Bertram Samuel Welch and Annie Martin, who had married in 1913. She began performing publicly at the age of seven and adopted her grandmothers maiden name, Margaret Lynn. Her first radio broadcast, with the Joe Loss Orchestra, was in 1935, at this point she was being featured on records released by dance bands including those of Loss and of Charlie Kunz. In 1936 her first solo record was released on the Crown label and this label was absorbed by Decca Records in 1938. After a short stint with Loss she stayed with Kunz for a few years during which she recorded several musical pieces. In 1937 she moved to the aristocrat of British dance bands, during the Phoney War, the Daily Express asked British servicemen to name their favourite musical performers, Vera Lynn came out on top and as a result became known as the Forces Sweetheart. In 1941, during the darkest days of the Second World War, Lynn began her own programme, Sincerely Yours. She and her quartet performed songs most requested by the soldiers, Lynn also visited hospitals to interview new mothers and send personal messages to their husbands overseas. Her other great wartime hit was The White Cliffs of Dover, words by Nat Burton, in 1943 she appeared in the film Well Meet Again. The album itself was a follow-up to Hits of the Blitz produced by Norman Newell, during the war years she joined ENSA and toured Egypt, India and Burma, giving outdoor concerts for the troops. In March 1944 she went to Shamshernagar airfield in Bengal to entertain the troops before the Battle of Kohima and her host and lifelong friend Captain Bernard Holden recalled her courage and her contribution to morale. In 1985 it was announced that she would receive the Burma Star for entertaining British guerrilla units in Japanese-occupied Burma, Lynns Auf Wiedersehn Sweetheart in 1952 became the first record by a British performer to top the charts in the United States, remaining there for nine weeks. She also appeared regularly for a time on Tallulah Bankheads US radio programme The Big Show, Auf Wiedersehn Sweetheart, along with The Homing Waltz and Forget-Me-Not, gave Lynn a remarkable three entries on the first UK Singles Chart, a top 12
19.
Pomona College
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Pomona College is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational, liberal arts college located in Claremont, California, United States. Established in 1887, it is the member of the Claremont Colleges consortium. Pomona is a selective, four-year undergraduate institution, and enrolled approximately 1,660 students representing 49 states and 63 countries in Fall 2016. The college maintains 48 majors and 600 courses, though students have access to nearly 2000 additional courses at the other Claremont Colleges, the colleges 140-acre main campus is located in a residential community near the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. The campus is located adjacent to the Village, an area of Claremont that has grown around the college. Pomona College is currently ranked seventh among all institutions in the United States by Forbes. And seventh among all liberal arts colleges by U. S. News & World Report, 70% of enrolled students hail from out of state, 56% receive need-based financial aid, and 57% self-identify as domestic students of color or international students. Pomona College was established as an institution on October 14,1887. The group’s goal was to create a college in the mold as small New England institutions. The College was originally formed in Pomona, California, classes first began in a house on September 12,1888. The next year, the moved to Claremont, at the site of an unfinished hotel. This building would eventually become Sumner Hall, current location of the Admissions, the name Pomona College remained after the relocation. The College’s first graduating class had ten members in 1894 and its founders’ values led to the College’s belief in educational equity. Like other Congregationalist-founded colleges such as Harvard, Dartmouth, Middlebury, Bowdoin, Pomona received its own governing board, ensuring its independence. The board of trustees was composed of graduates of Williams, Dartmouth, Bates and Yale, among others. This would allow Pomona to retain its small, liberal arts-focused teaching while gaining the resources of a larger university, on October 14,1925, Pomona College’s 38th anniversary, the Claremont Colleges were incorporated. By 1997, the consortium reached its present membership of five undergraduate, Pomona ranks eighth in the country for graduates receiving the most competitive graduate fellowships per capita. In 2013, Pomona students received the most Goldwater Scholarships of any liberal arts college, nearly 85% of recent alumni attend graduate or professional school within ten years
20.
Barnard College
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Barnard College is a private womens liberal arts college in New York City. It has been affiliated with Columbia University since 1900, the school was founded by Annie Nathan Meyer and named after Frederick Barnard, tenth president of Columbia. When Columbia became coeducational in 1983 Barnard elected to remain legally and financially separate and this includes shared academic programs and other academic privileges, and a combined athletic program. Barnard students also receive Columbia University degrees and graduate at Columbia University graduation, Barnard confers the Bachelor of Arts degree in about 50 areas of study. Students may also pursue elements of their education at the Juilliard School, Barnards 4-acre campus is located in the Manhattan neighborhood of Morningside Heights, stretching along Broadway between 116th and 120th Streets. It is directly across from Columbias campus and near several academic institutions. The college is a member of the Seven Sisters, an association of seven prominent womens liberal arts colleges, for its first 229 years Columbia College of Columbia University admitted only men for undergraduate study. Barnard College was founded in 1889 as a response to Columbias refusal to admit women into its institution, the college was named after Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard, a deaf American educator and mathematician who served as the tenth president of Columbia from 1864 to 1889. He advocated equal educational privileges for men and women, preferably in a coeducational setting, the board of trustees repeatedly rejected Barnards suggestion, but in 1883 agreed to create a detailed syllabus of study for women. While they could not attend Columbia classes, those who passed examinations based on the syllabus would receive a degree, the first such woman graduate received her bachelors degree in 1887. A former student of the program, Annie Meyer, and other prominent New York women persuaded the board in 1889 to create a womens college connected to Columbia. Milbank, Brinckerhoff, and Fiske Halls, built in 1897–1898, were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, ella Weed supervised the college in its first four years, Emily James Smith succeeded her as Barnards first dean. By the mid-20th century Barnard had succeeded in its goal of providing a top tier education to women. Between 1920 and 1974, only the much larger Hunter College and University of California, students Hall, now known as Barnard Hall, was built in 1916. Brooks and Hewitt Halls were built in 1906–1907 and 1926–1927, respectively and they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. Jessica Finch is credited with coining the phrase, current events, Barnard confers the Bachelor of Arts degree in about 50 areas of study. Joint programs for the Bachelor of Science and other degrees exist with Columbia University, Juilliard School, the six most popular majors at the college are English, psychology, political science, economics, history, and biology. The liberal arts requirements are called the Nine Ways of Knowing, the use of AP or IB credit to fulfill these requirements is very limited, but Nine Ways of Knowing courses may overlap with major or minor requirements
21.
Martha Graham
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Martha Graham was an American modern dancer and choreographer. Her influence on dance has been compared with the influence of Picasso on modern visual arts, the influence of Stravinsky on music, and she danced and choreographed for over seventy years. Graham was the first dancer to perform at the White House, travel abroad as an ambassador, and receive the highest civilian award of the US. In her lifetime she received honors ranging from the Key to the City of Paris to Japans Imperial Order of the Precious Crown and she said, in the 1994 documentary The Dancer Revealed, I have spent all my life with dance and being a dancer. Its permitting life to use you in an intense way. Her style, the Graham technique, fundamentally reshaped American dance and is taught worldwide. Graham was born in Allegheny City – later to become part of Pittsburgh and her father George Graham practiced as what in the Victorian era was known as an alienist, a practitioner of an early form of psychiatry. Dr. Graham was a third-generation American of Irish descent and her mother Jane Beers was a second-generation American of Irish, Scots-Irish, and English descent and was also a sixth-generation descendant of Myles Standish. While her parents provided an environment in her youth, it was not one that encouraged dancing. The Graham family moved to Santa Barbara, California when Martha was fourteen years old, in 1911, she attended the first dance performance of her life, watching Ruth St. Denis perform at the Mason Opera House in Los Angeles. In the mid-1910s, Martha Graham began her studies at the newly created Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts, founded by Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn, at which she would stay until 1923. In 1925, Graham was employed at the Eastman School of Music where Rouben Mamoulian was head of the School of Drama, among other performances, together Mamoulian and Graham produced a short two-color film called The Flute of Krishna, featuring Eastman students. Mamoulian left Eastman shortly thereafter and Graham chose to leave also, in 1926, the Martha Graham Center of Contemporary Dance was established. On April 18 of the same year Graham debuted her first independent concert and this performance took place at the 48th Street Theatre in Manhattan. She would later say of the concert, Everything I did was influenced by Denishawn, on November 28,1926 Martha Graham and others in her company gave a dance recital at the Klaw Theatre in New York City. One of Grahams students was heiress Bethsabée de Rothschild with whom she became close friends, when Rothschild moved to Israel and established the Batsheva Dance Company in 1965, Graham became the companys first director. Grahams technique pioneered a principle known as Contraction and Release in modern dance, in 1936, Graham created Chronicle which brought serious issues to the stage in a dramatic manner. That same year, she declined Hitlers invitation to perform at the International Arts Festival,1938 became a big year for Graham, the Roosevelts invited Graham to dance at the White House, making her the first dancer to perform there
22.
Merce Cunningham
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Mercier Philip Merce Cunningham was an American dancer and choreographer who was at the forefront of the American modern dance for more than 50 years. He is also notable for his frequent collaborations with artists of other disciplines, including musicians John Cage and David Tudor, works that he produced with these artists had a profound impact on avant-garde art beyond the world of dance. As a choreographer, teacher and leader of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, many dancers who trained with Cunningham formed their own companies. They include Paul Taylor, Remy Charlip, Viola Farber, Charles Moulton, Karole Armitage, Robert Kovich, Foofwa d’Imobilité, Kimberly Bartosik, Flo Ankah, Jan Van Dyke, and Jonah Bokaer. In 2009, the Cunningham Dance Foundation announced the Legacy Plan, a plan for the continuation of Cunningham’s work. Cunningham earned some of the highest honors bestowed in the arts, including the National Medal of Arts and he also received Japans Praemium Imperiale, a British Laurence Olivier Award, and was named Officier of the Légion dhonneur in France. Merce Cunningham was born in Centralia, Washington in 1919, the second of three sons, both his brothers followed their father, Clifford D. Cunningham, into the legal profession. Cunningham first experienced dance while living in Centralia and he took tap class from a local teacher, Mrs. Maude Barrett, whose energy and spirit taught him to love dance. Her emphasis on precise timing and rhythm provided him a clear understanding of musicality that he implemented in his later dance pieces. He attended the Cornish School in Seattle, headed by Nellie Cornish, from 1937 to 1939 to study acting, Cunningham preferred the ambiguous nature of dance, which gave him an outlet for exploration of movement. During this time, Martha Graham saw Cunningham dance and invited him to join her company, in 1939, Cunningham moved to New York and danced as a soloist in the Martha Graham Dance Company for six years. He presented his first solo concert in New York in April 1944 with composer John Cage, in the summer of 1953, as a teacher in residence at Black Mountain College, Cunningham formed the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. Over the course of his career, Cunningham choreographed more than 200 dances and over 800 “Events, in 1963 he joined with Cage to create the Walker Art Centers first performance, instigating what would be a 25-year collaborative relationship with the Walker. In his performances, he used the I Ching in order to determine the sequence of his dances and, often. In addition to his role as choreographer, Cunningham performed as a dancer in his company into the early 1990s, in 1968 Cunningham and Francis Starr published a book, Changes, Notes on Choreography, containing various sketches of their choreography. He continued to lead his company until his death, and presented a new work, Nearly Ninety, in April 2009, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, New York, Cunningham lived in New York City, and was Artistic Director of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. He died in his home at the age of 90, Cunningham formed Merce Cunningham Dance Company at Black Mountain College in 1953. The original company included dancers Carolyn Brown, Viola Farber, Paul Taylor, and Remy Charlip, in 1964 the Cunningham Dance Foundation was established to support his work
23.
Paul Taylor Dance Company
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Paul Taylor Dance Company, is a contemporary dance company, formed by the famous dancer and choreographer Paul Taylor. The modern dance company is based in New York, New York and was founded in 1954, Paul Taylor originally performed in the companies of Merce Cunningham, Martha Graham, and George Balanchine, but founded his own, Paul Taylor Dance Company in 1954. Dancers/Choreographers who emerged from his company include Twyla Tharp, David Parsons, Laura Dean, Dan Wagoner, Elizabeth Keen, Christopher Gillis, Senta Driver, Amy Marshall, and Lila York. History Paul Taylor Dance Company and the Paul 2 Taylor Dance Company was created in 1993, they started as a small company, in 1997 the Company throughout India in celebration of the nation’s 50th Anniversary. In the summer of 2001 the Company toured in the People’s Republic of China and danced in six countries, the Company’s performances in China in November 2007 made it their fourth tour in the country. They first started performed in Europe in 1960 and toured South America under several programs, the Company has appeared in PBS programs nine times. In 1999, the PBS American Masters series aired Matthew Diamonds Oscar-nominated documentary about Paul Taylor and his company, Twyla Tharp joined the Paul Taylor Dance Company in 1963 and two years later formed her own company. He was a member until his death in 1993, bettie de Jong joined the Taylor Company in 1962. Noted for her stage presence and long line, she was Paul Taylors favorite dancing partner and. She finished her active dancing career in 1985, Paul Taylor School The Taylor School has taught Mr. Taylor’s style to professional-level dancers since 1984. Raegan Wood is the schools director, all classes at the school are taught by Taylor Company alumni, but the primary instructor is alumna Reagan. The school has for toddlers, teens and adults with any level of experience and they have 7 different levels in which the students move up as the progress. These levels include, Taylor Tots, Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, Advanced Taylor Teen, the Advanced Taylor Teen class are for those who have already achieved in high technical classes and they need to be able to learn quickly. So, basically these dancers need to be well experienced, classes for the younger students focus mainly on creative movement and modern dance, while the older students learn through Paul Taylor style of choreography and his Company level technique. In the Level 1 class the students are learning the basics of modern dance and this program has been a new addition to the Taylor school. All levels emphasize the combination of athleticism and artistry that the company is known for. They have represented the United States at art festivals, in more than forty countries, the Company has created a repetition for one of the best dance organization in the world. In March 2016 Paul Taylor Dance Company performed its annual New York season show for the first time in fifty-eight years and they performed over twenty-two dances but, only three of the twenty-two were the most important and exported some of Taylor’s work the best
24.
Paris Opera Ballet
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The Paris Opera Ballet is an integral part of the Paris Opera and the oldest national ballet company. Together with the Moscow Bolshoi Ballet and the London Royal Ballet it is regarded as one of the three most preeminent ballet companies in the world, since August 2016 the company has been under the direction of Aurélie Dupont, the Directrice de la Danse. The ballet company consists of 154 dancers, among them 17 Danseurs Étoiles, the principal dancer give 180 dance performances each year, primarily at the Palais Garnier. Just as prestigious as the Paris Opera Ballet is its dance school and its former pupils have won a record of 20 Benois de la Danse awards. The school celebrated its tercentennial in 2013, the competition for admission to both institutions is extremely fierce. To be admitted there, to pass the competitive examinations in May. As its Ballet School is excellent and graduates many young dancers who are or the most part French, the Paris Opera has had many different official names during its long history but since 1994 has been called the Opéra National de Paris. The Paris Opera Ballet had its origins in the earlier dance institutions, traditions, of particular importance were the series of comédies-ballets created by Molière with, among others, the choreographers and composers Pierre Beauchamps and Jean-Baptiste Lully. The first was Les Fâcheux in 1661 and the most important, many of these were also performed by Molières company at the public Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris, which was later to become the first permanent home of the opera company and the opera ballet. Also in 1661, Louis XIV had founded the Académie Royale de Danse in an effort to improve the quality of instruction for court entertainments. Members of the academy, as well as the teachers who were certified by it, and their students, participated in the creation of the ballets for the court, Molière. In 1680, Beauchamps became the chancellor of the Académie Royale de Danse, although the Académie Royale de Danse and the Opera were closely connected, the two institutions remained separate, and the former disappeared with the fall of the monarchy in 1789. On 28 June 1669, Louis XIV granted a privilege to the poet Pierre Perrin giving him a monopoly to form an academy for the performance of opera in French. In 1672, Lully purchased Perrins privilege and also obtained new letters patent limiting the use of musicians and this work consisted primarily of excerpts from Lullys prior court ballets connected with new entrées choreographed by des Brosses. A crucial difference, however, from the court ballets was that the members of the court no longer participated. Lullys next production, Cadmus et Hermione, the first tragédie lyrique, the ballets for these works were created by Beauchamps, des Brosses, and dOlivet. It was he, and not des Brosses or Beauchamps, whom Lully engaged for the ballets ordinaires and it was also dOlivet who composed the ballet of the old men in Thesée, of the baneful dreams in Atys, and of the tremblers in Isis. This last was composed solely of pantomimic gestures by men seized with cold, initially the dancers of the Paris Opera Ballet were all male
25.
Royal Ballet, London
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The Royal Ballet is an internationally renowned classical ballet company, based at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London, UK. The company employs approximately 100 dancers and has built facilities within the Royal Opera House. The official associate school of the company is the Royal Ballet School, and it also has a company, the Birmingham Royal Ballet. The Prima ballerina assoluta of the Royal Ballet is the late Dame Margot Fonteyn, in 1926, the Irish-born dancer Ninette de Valois founded the Academy of Choreographic Art, a dance school for girls. Her intention was to form a repertory company and school, leading her to collaborate with the English theatrical producer. Baylis owned the Old Vic and Sadlers Wells theatres and in 1925 she engaged de Valois to stage performances at both venues. Sadlers Wells reopened in 1931 and the Vic-Wells Ballet and Vic-Wells Ballet School were established in premises at the theatre and these would become the predecessors of todays Royal Ballet, Birmingham Royal Ballet and Royal Ballet School. Prior to her return to Britain, Ninette de Valois had been a member of the Ballets Russes, one of the most renowned, the company disbanded in 1929 following the death of its founder Serge Diaghilev. The Founder Musical Director was the conductor and composer Constant Lambert who had considerable artistic as well as influence over the early years of the company. After losing the link with the Old Vic theatre, in 1939 the company was renamed Sadlers Wells Ballet, the company relocated to the opera house the same year in 1946, with their first production at the venue being The Sleeping Beauty. Following the relocation of the company, the moved to its own premises in 1947. A sister company was established to continue performances at Sadlers Wells, called the Sadlers Wells Theatre Ballet, in 1955, the sister company temporarily lost its link with Sadlers Wells and returned to the Royal Opera House as a touring unit of the main company. In 1956, a Royal Charter was granted for companies and the school, they were subsequently renamed the Royal Ballet, Sadlers Wells Royal Ballet. The Sadlers Wells Royal Ballet returned to Sadlers Wells Theatre in 1970, in 1987, however, the company was invited to become the resident ballet company at the Birmingham Hippodrome. Birmingham Royal Ballet retains close relationships with both the Royal Ballet and Royal Ballet School, although it now has its own ballet school. In 1964 the Royal Ballet established Ballet for All under the direction of Peter Brinson, between 1964 and 1979 Ballet for All toured throughout the country, presenting around 150 performances per annum and reaching around 70,000 people each year. In 1976 the Royal Opera House established its schools matinee programme, to stage these ballets with her newly formed company, de Valois employed Nicholas Sergeyev, a former régisseur of the Imperial. He staged productions of Petipas The Sleeping Beauty, Petipa and Ivanovs Swan Lake and The Nutcracker, Petipa and Cecchettis production of Coppélia, and Petipas Giselle
26.
New York City Ballet
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New York City Ballet is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein. Léon Barzin was the companys first music director, Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. In a 1946 letter, Kirstein stated, The only justification I have is to enable Balanchine to do exactly what he wants to do in the way he wants to do it. He served as the companys General Director from 1946 to 1989, developing and sustaining it by his organizational, the company was named New York City Ballet in 1948 when it became resident at City Center of Music and Drama. Its success was marked by its move to the New York State Theater, now David H. Koch Theater, the School of American Ballet, which Balanchine founded, is the training school of City Ballet. After the companys move to the State Theater, Balanchines creativity as a choreographer flourished and he created works that were the basis of the companys repertory until his death in 1983. His vision influenced dance both across the United States and in Europe and he worked closely with choreographer Jerome Robbins, who resumed his connection with the company in 1969 after having produced works for Broadway. City Ballet has performed The Nutcracker, Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Nights Dream, City Ballet has trained and developed many great dancers since its formation. Also, many dancers with already developed reputations have joined City Ballet as principal dancers, the performance was repeated in 1968. In 1972 Balanchine offered a tribute to the composer, his great collaborator. Balanchine created Symphony in Three Movements, Duo Concertant, and Violin Concerto for the occasion and he and Robbins co-choreographed and performed in Pulcinella. Balanchine had produced an earlier Stravinsky festival in 1937 as balletmaster of the American Ballet while engaged by the Metropolitan Opera, the composer conducted the April 27th premiere of Card Party. In 1975 Balanchine paid his respects to the French composer Maurice Ravel with a two-week Hommage à Ravel, Balanchine, Robbins, Jacques dAmboise, and Taras made sixteen new ballets for the occasion. Repertory ballets were performed as well, high points included Balanchines Le Tombeau de Couperin and Robbins Mother Goose. In 1981 Balanchine planned a two-week NYCB festival honoring the Russian composer Peter Ilyitch Tschaikovsky, Balanchine, Joseph Duell, dAmboise, Peter Martins, Robbins, and Taras created twelve new dances. In addition to presenting these and repertory ballets, Balanchine re-choreographed his Mozartiana from 1933, Philip Johnson and John Burgees stage setting of translucent tubing was designed to be hung and lit in different architectural configurations throughout the entire festival. In 1982 Balanchine organized a celebration in honor of his long-time collaborator Igor Stravinsky. Balanchine made three new ballets, Tango, Élégie, and Persephone, and a new version of Variations, the choreographer died the following year
27.
Boston Ballet
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The Boston Ballet is an American professional classical ballet company based in Boston, Massachusetts. The company, founded in 1963 by E. Virginia Williams, Boston Ballet’s national and international reputation developed under the leadership of Artistic Directors Violette Verdy, Bruce Marks, and Anna-Marie Holmes. Today, Boston Ballet is one of the ballet companies in North America. Current Artistic Director Mikko Nissinen was selected to lead Boston Ballet in September 2001, Nissinen leads the company, and Boston Ballet School, the largest ballet school in North America, with Executive Director Meredith Hodges. In 1979, Boston Ballet opened the Nervi Festival in Italy, the Company made its London premiere in 1981, with a full-length production of Swan Lake. In 1983, Boston Ballet presented Don Quixote on Broadway with Rudolf Nureyev as special guest artist, after touring the United States, Mexico, France, and Italy. Boston Ballet collaborated with choreographer Mark Morris for the first time in 1986, performing his Mort Subite at the PepsiCo Festival in Purchase, the following year Boston Ballet was the first ballet company to perform at the BESSIE Dance and Performance award ceremony at New York City Center. Boston Ballet was the first major company to commission works from contemporary choreographers Mark Morris, Susan Marshall, Ralph Lemon, Elisa Monte. Boston Ballet made its debut at the Kennedy Center in Washington DC, in July 1991, Boston Ballet toured throughout Spain. During the summer of 2007, the Company completed a tour of Spain to audience. In fall 2009, Boston Ballets sole performance venue became the Boston Opera House, located in the Boston Theater District, this 2, 500-seat theater provides clear sightlines and has a newly renovated orchestra pit. Boston Ballet appointed Jorma Elo as Resident Choreographer in 2005, since then, Elo has created six works for the company, including Plan to B, Brake the Eyes, and Le Sacre du Printemps. In 2009, the New York Times hailed Boston Ballet’s repertoire as “one of the most eclectic in the country”, Boston Ballet’s The Nutcracker has been performed annually for 42 years. Over 35 performances employ the talents of the company and more than 250 Boston Ballet School students who join in the production every year. Boston Ballet operates Boston Ballet School with more than 3,000 students at four locations in Boston, Newton, Norwell, the Boston Ballet Center for Dance Education offers numerous educational and outreach activities for the community. Collectively, programs include Summer Dance Workshop, Summer Dance Program, Citydance, Taking Steps, Boston Ballet’s outreach programs reach over 7,000 children each year. Boston Ballet’s headquarters at 19 Clarendon Street in Boston’s South End neighborhood is one of the largest, designed by architect Graham Gund, this five-story,60, 000-square-foot building is an important hub for dance in New England. Enrollment, Students aged nine and older with previous ballet training, are required to take a placement class to determine the level of study best suited to their abilities, group placement classes are typically held at each studio beginning May through August for September enrollment
28.
Miami City Ballet
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Miami City Ballet is an American ballet company based in Miami Beach, Florida, led by artistic director Lourdes Lopez. MCB was founded in 1985 by Toby Lerner Ansin a Miami philanthropist and she and the founding board hired Edward Villella, former New York City Ballet principal dancer to be the founding artistic director. In 2012, Lourdes Lopez was chosen to replace founding artistic director Edward Villella, Miami City Ballet features an international ensemble of over 45 dancers. The company has a repertoire of 88 ballets and performs over 100 times annually. Miami City Ballet serves as the resident ballet company in theaters in the Fort Lauderdale, Miami, in addition, the company regularly tours both domestically and internationally
29.
George MacDonald
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George MacDonald was a Scottish author, poet, and Christian minister. He was a figure in the field of fantasy literature. His writings have been cited as a literary influence by many notable authors including W. H. Auden, C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Walter de la Mare, E. Nesbit. C. S. Lewis wrote that he regarded MacDonald as his master, Picking up a copy of Phantastes one day at a train-station bookstall, a few hours later, said Lewis, I knew that I had crossed a great frontier. G. K. Chesterton cited The Princess and the Goblin as a book that had made a difference to my whole existence, even Mark Twain, who initially disliked MacDonald, became friends with him, and there is some evidence that Twain was influenced by MacDonald. In addition to his fairy tales, MacDonald wrote several works on Christian apologetics including several that defended a view that has described as Christian Universalism. George MacDonald was born on 10 December 1824 at Huntly, Aberdeenshire and his father, a farmer, was one of the MacDonalds of Glen Coe, and a direct descendant of one of the families that suffered in the massacre of 1692. The Doric dialect of the Aberdeenshire area appears in the dialogue of some of his non-fantasy novels and his paternal grandfather had supported the publication of an Ossian edition, the controversial Celtic text believed by some to have contributed to the starting of European Romanticism. MacDonald’s step-uncle was a Shakespeare scholar, and his paternal cousin another Celtic academic, MacDonald grew up in the Congregational Church, with an atmosphere of Calvinism. MacDonald graduated from the University of Aberdeen, and then went to London, later he was engaged in ministerial work in Manchester, leaving that because of poor health. After a short sojourn in Algiers, he settled in London, MacDonald was also for a time editor of Good Words for the Young. I write, not for children, he wrote, but for the child-like, whether they be of five, or fifty, MacDonald also published some volumes of sermons, the pulpit not having proved an unreservedly successful venue. He would go on, after his success, to do a lecture tour to significant acclaim, in the United States. MacDonald was acquainted with most of the luminaries of the day, a surviving group photograph shows him with Tennyson, Dickens, Wilkie Collins, Trollope, Ruskin, Lewes. Carroll, one of the finest Victorian photographers, also created portraits of several of the MacDonald children. MacDonald was also friends with John Ruskin, and served as a go-between in Ruskins long courtship with Rose La Touche, while in America he was befriended Longfellow and Walt Whitman. Hence most of my extracts are taken from the three volumes of Unspoken Sermons, I know hardly any other writer who seems to be closer, or more continually close, to the Spirit of Christ Himself. Hence his Christ-like union of tenderness and severity, nowhere else outside the New Testament have I found terror and comfort so intertwined
30.
The Princess and the Goblin
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The Princess and the Goblin is a childrens fantasy novel by George MacDonald. It was published in 1872 by Strahan & Co, the sequel to this book is The Princess and Curdie. Anne Thaxter Eaton writes in A Critical History of Childrens Literature that The Princess, eight-year-old Princess Irene lives a lonely life in a castle in a wild, desolate, mountainous kingdom, with only her nursemaid, Lootie, for company. Her father, the king, is absent, and her mother is dead. Unknown to her, the mines are inhabited by a race of goblins, long banished from the kingdom. One rainy day, the princess explores the castle and discovers a beautiful, mysterious lady, the next day, Princess Irene persuades her nursemaid to take her outside. After dark they are chased by goblins and rescued by the miner, Curdie. At work with the rest of the miners, Curdie overhears the goblins talking, and their conversation reveals to Curdie the secret weakness of goblin anatomy, they have very soft, vulnerable feet. Curdie sneaks into the Great Hall of the palace to eavesdrop on their general meeting. He later conveys this news to his father, in the palace, Princess Irene injures her hand, which her great-great-grandmother heals. The goblins imprison Curdie, thinking he will die of starvation, but Irenes magic thread leads her to his rescue, Irene takes Curdie to see her great-great-grandmother and be introduced, but she is only visible to Irene. Curdie later learns that the goblins are digging a tunnel in the mines towards the kings palace, Curdie warns the palace guards about this, but is imprisoned instead and contracts a fever through a wound in his leg, until Irenes great-great-grandmother heals the wound. Meanwhile, the break through the palace floor and come to abduct the princess. Upon the goblins retreat, Irene is believed a captive, but Curdie follows the magic thread to her refuge at his own house, when the goblins flood the mines, the water enters the palace, and Curdie warns the others, but the goblins are drowned. The king asks him to serve as a bodyguard, but Curdie refuses, saying he cannot leave his mother and father, in the 1960s, the novel was adapted in animated form by Jay Ward for his Fractured Fairy Tales series. This version involved a race of innocent goblins who are forced to live underground, the goblin king falls in love with a princess, but a prince saves her by reciting poetry because goblins hate it. A full-length animated adaptation of the book, directed by József Gémes, was released in 1992 in the United Kingdom, the films producer, Robin Lyons, also wrote the screenplay and voiced the Goblin King. The films title is De Prinses van het Zonnevolk in Dutch, Prinsessan og durtarnir in Icelandic, the Princess and the Goblins is also a poem by Sylvia Plath
31.
Atlanta Ballet
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Atlanta Ballet is a ballet company, located in Atlanta, Georgia. It is the longest continuously performing ballet company in the United States, Atlanta Ballet was founded in 1929 by Dorothy Alexander as the Dorothy Alexander Concert Group. During the 1940s, the organization was known as the Atlanta Civic Ballet and it was the nations first regional ballet company. In the 1950s, Robertt Barnett joined the company from New York City Ballet as a principal dancer, Alexander guided her dance company for more than three decades before hand picking her successor, Robert Barnett, who was named artistic director in 1961. In 1967, the company gained status as Atlanta Ballet. In 1994, Robert Barnett retired from his role as artistic director, the focus of the company has shifted to include education as a key point in addition to providing innovative and entertaining performances to the Atlanta community. In September 2015, the Atlanta Ballet Board of Trustees chair Allen W. Nelson announced artistic director John McFall would be leaving the organization, in February 2016, Atlanta Ballet announced Gennadi Nedvigin, principal dancer with the San Francisco Ballet would be joining the organization in August 2016. Nedvigin was born in Rostov, Russia, trained with The Bolshoi Ballet Academy, the company employs 20 professional dancers and six apprentices. Unlike many professional ballet companies, Atlanta Ballet does not divide its dancers into specifically designated ranks such as principal, soloist, instead, company members all have an equal chance at being cast in leading roles for each ballet. The regular season runs from October to May with performances at both the Fabulous Fox Theatre and the Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre, spring 2011 marked the companys debut on the Alliance Stage at the Woodruff Arts Center for their performance of Ignition. In addition to a vast collection of story ballets, ranging from Swan Lake to The Great Gatsby, Atlanta Ballet celebrated its 80th anniversary in the 2009-10 season. The company also celebrated its 50th year of the Nutcracker, as well as artistic director, the ballet also welcomed new executive director Arthur Jacobus to the company. The 2012-13 season included Michael Pink’s Dracula, David Bintleys Carmina Burana, Ohad Naharin’s Minus 16, Nutcracker, Cinderella, for the 2014-2015 season, the Atlanta Ballet performances include Nutcracker, Roméo et Juliette, Snow White, Camino Real, Modern Choreographic Voices, and MAYhem. MAYhem included THREE, The Exiled, and 1st Flash, in 1996, Atlanta Ballet opened the Centre for Dance Education, under the direction of John McFall and Sharon Story as dean with locations in Cobb, Buckhead, and Midtown Atlanta. The Centre for Dance Education is dedicated to nurturing young dancers while providing an outlet for adults to express their creativity. It not only trains future professional dancers, many of whom have later entered the company but also provides outreach, the adult open division allows anyone over the age of 16 to take a variety of classes at different levels, regardless of experience or previous training. With diverse class offerings and student population, the centre serves over 150,000 people in metro Atlanta each year, Atlanta Ballet’s roots remain firmly grounded in the Atlanta community and continue to play a vital role in the city’s cultural growth and revitalization. The campaign not only funded the renovation and relocation to the new headquarters in Midtown West, the ballet also received the single largest gift in its 79-year history - $3 million from the Michael C. and Thalia N. Carlos Foundation
32.
Royal Winnipeg Ballet
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The Royal Winnipeg Ballet is one of the worlds premier dance companies. Based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, it is Canadas oldest ballet company and it was founded in 1939 as the Winnipeg Ballet Club by Gweneth Lloyd and Betty Farrally. The name was changed to the Winnipeg Ballet in 1941 and the company began touring Canada in 1945, in 1948, with the initiative of the Winnipeg Ballet, the Canadian Ballet Festival was formed. The Royal Winnipeg Ballet was granted its royal title in 1953 and it completed its first American tour in 1954. In June that year the RWBs rented premises were devastated by fire, Conductor Eric Wild served as the companys music director from 1955 to 1962. The company solidified its reputation under the directorship of Saskatchewan-born Arnold Spohr from 1958 to 1988. Spohr was succeeded by RWB principal dancer Henny Jurriëns who was assistant to Dutch National Ballet director Rudi van Dantzig. Jurriëns, however, died in a car accident in April 1989, in 1990 John Meehan from American Ballet Theatre became artistic director but left in 1993 following the companys persistent financial difficulties. William Whitener, formerly the director of Les Ballets Jazz de Montréal, was chosen to succeed Meehan. Continuing financial problems and dancer unrest, Whitener was released in less than two years later, André Lewis was appointed in 1996 as artistic director. Lewis decades-long association with the RWB began in 1975 when he was accepted into the Professional Division at the Royal Winnipeg Ballet School, in 1979, he was joined the Royal Winnipeg Ballet Company and performed as a dancer with the RWB until 1990. Lewis roles include, Gunther in Nutcracker, Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet, Company Music Director and Conductor is Tad Biernacki and Senior Ballet Master is Johnny W. Chang. The dancer most associated with the RWB has been Evelyn Hart, born in Toronto, Ontario, in 1956, Hart made her professional debut with the RWB in 1976. Both medals were awarded for her performance of Belong pas de deux, Hart was awarded the Order of Canada in 1983. She left the RWB in 2005, Peregrine was made an officer of the Order of Canada in 1986. In 1992, Gweneth Lloyd, co-founder of the company, became the first recipient of the Governor Generals Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement. The company spends 20 or more weeks a year on the road, the company also mounts four productions a year in Winnipegs performing arts venue, the Centennial Concert Hall. The Royal Winnipeg Ballet School, Professional Division is an exclusive, the school includes approximately 72 young dancers, selected from around the world, and graduates have international careers in top companies in Canada and abroad
33.
Seattle
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Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States and the seat of King County, Washington. With an estimated 684,451 residents as of 2015, Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013, it was the major city in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound and Lake Washington, about 100 miles south of the Canada–United States border, a major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the fourth-largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015. The Seattle area was inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent European settlers. Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived from Illinois via Portland, the settlement was moved to the eastern shore of Elliott Bay and named Seattle in 1852, after Chief Siahl of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. Logging was Seattles first major industry, but by the late-19th century, growth after World War II was partially due to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, in 1994, Internet retailer Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, Seattle has a noteworthy musical history. From 1918 to 1951, nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs existed along Jackson Street, from the current Chinatown/International District, to the Central District, the jazz scene developed the early careers of Ray Charles, Quincy Jones, Ernestine Anderson, and others. Seattle is also the birthplace of rock musician Jimi Hendrix and the alternative rock subgenre grunge, archaeological excavations suggest that Native Americans have inhabited the Seattle area for at least 4,000 years. By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay, the first European to visit the Seattle area was George Vancouver, in May 1792 during his 1791–95 expedition to chart the Pacific Northwest. In 1851, a party led by Luther Collins made a location on land at the mouth of the Duwamish River. Thirteen days later, members of the Collins Party on the way to their claim passed three scouts of the Denny Party, members of the Denny Party claimed land on Alki Point on September 28,1851. The rest of the Denny Party set sail from Portland, Oregon, after a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square, naming this new settlement Duwamps. For the next few years, New York Alki and Duwamps competed for dominance, david Swinson Doc Maynard, one of the founders of Duwamps, was the primary advocate to name the settlement after Chief Sealth of the Duwamish and Suquamish tribes. The name Seattle appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23,1853, in 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14,1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of managing the city
34.
Allen Toussaint
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He was a producer for hundreds of recordings, among the best known of which are Right Place, Wrong Time, by his longtime friend Dr. John, and Lady Marmalade, by Labelle. His father, Clarence, worked on the railway and played trumpet, Allen Toussaint learned piano as a child and took informal music lessons from an elderly neighbor, Ernest Pinn. In his teens he played in a band, the Flamingos, with the guitarist Snooks Eaglin, a significant early influence on Toussaint was the syncopated second-line piano style of Professor Longhair. His first recording was in 1957 as a stand-in for Fats Domino on Dominos record I Want You to Know and his first success as a producer also came in 1957 with Lee Allens Walking with Mr. Lee. He began performing regularly in Bartholomews band, and he recorded with Fats Domino, Smiley Lewis, Lee Allen, after being spotted as a sideman by the A&R man Danny Kessler, he initially recorded for RCA Records as Al Tousan. The recordings included Toussaint and Tylers composition Java, which first charted for Floyd Cramer in 1962, Toussaint also recorded and co-wrote songs with Allen Orange in the early 1960s. In 1960, Joe Banashak, of Minit Records and later Instant Records, hired Toussaint as an A&R man and he also did freelance work for other labels, such as Fury. The early to mid-1960s are regarded as Toussaints most creatively successful period, notable examples of his work are Jessie Hills Ooh Poo Pah Doo, Ernie K-Does Mother-in-Law, and Chris Kenners I Like It Like That. A two-sided 1962 hit by Benny Spellman comprised Lipstick Traces and the simple, reddings version of the song was also recorded by the Rolling Stones on their second album. In 1964, A Certain Girl was the B-side of the first single release by the Yardbirds, the song was released again in 1980 by Warren Zevon and in 2007 by Mary Weiss, the former lead singer of the Shangri-Las. Toussaint credited about twenty songs to his parents, Clarence and Naomi and these include Fortune Teller, first recorded by Benny Spellman in 1961, and Work, Work, Work, recorded by the Artwoods in 1966. Alison Krauss and Robert Plant covered Fortune Teller on their 2007 album Raising Sand, Toussaint was drafted into the US Army in 1963 but continued to record when on leave. Dorsey had hits with several of Toussaints songs, including Ride Your Pony, Working in the Coal Mine and they later became known as the Meters. Their backing can be heard in such as Dorseys Ride Your Pony and Working in the Coal Mine, sometimes augmented by horns. Toussaint continued to produce the Meters when they began releasing records under their own name in 1969, one of his compositions, Here Come the Girls, recorded by Ernie K-Doe in 1970, formed the basis of the Sugababes 2008 hit Girls. He arranged horn music for the Bands albums Cahoots and Rock of Ages, boz Scaggs recorded Toussaints What Do You Want the Girl to Do. on his 1976 album Silk Degrees, which reached number 2 on the U. S. pop albums chart. The song was recorded by Bonnie Raitt for her 1975 album Home Plate and by Geoff Muldaur, Lowell George, Vince Gill. In 1976 he also collaborated with John Mayall on the album Notice to Appear, in 1973 Toussaint and Sehorn created the Sea-Saint recording studio in the Gentilly section of eastern New Orleans
35.
David Byrne (musician)
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Byrne is a multi-instrumentalist and is known for his distinctive voice. Since then, Byrne has released his own recordings and worked with various media including film, photography, opera. He has received Oscar, Grammy, and Golden Globe awards and been inducted into the Rock, David Byrne was born 14 May 1952, in Dumbarton, Scotland, to parents Tom and Emma. He is the elder of two children, two years after his birth, his parents moved to Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and then to Arbutus, Maryland, in the United States, when he was 8 or 9 years old. His father worked as an electronics engineer, before high school, Byrne already knew how to play the guitar, accordion, and violin. He was rejected from his schools choir because they claimed he was off-key. From a young age, he had a strong interest in music and his parents say that he would constantly play his phonograph from age three and he learned how to play the harmonica at age five. In his journals he says, I was a peculiar young man—borderline Aspergers, Byrne graduated from Lansdowne High School in southwest Baltimore County. He started his career in a high school band called Revelation. Their repertoire consisted mostly of songs such as April Showers,96 Tears, Dancing on the Ceiling, Byrne attended the Rhode Island School of Design and the Maryland Institute College of Art before dropping out. He returned to Providence in 1973 and formed a band called the Artistics with fellow RISD student Chris Frantz, Byrne moved to New York City in May that year and was joined by Frantz and his girlfriend Tina Weymouth in September. Unable to find a player in New York, Frantz. While working day jobs in late 1974, they were contemplating a band, by January 1975, they were practicing and playing together, while still working normal day jobs. They founded the band Talking Heads and had their first gig in June, Byrne quit his day job in May 1976 and the three-piece band signed to Sire Records in November. Multi-instrumentalist Jerry Harrison joined the band in 1977, the band released eight studio albums before going into hiatus in 1988. Byrne desired to go solo, but it took three years until 1991 to announce that the band was breaking up, a brief reunion for a single Sax and Violins in 1991 occurred before dissolving again. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002, following this record, Byrne focused his attention on Talking Heads. My Life in the Bush of Ghosts was re-released for its 25th anniversary in early 2006, in keeping with the spirit of the original album, stems for two of the songs component tracks were released under Creative Commons licenses and a remix contest site was launched
36.
Winter Garden Theatre
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The Winter Garden Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 1634 Broadway between 50th and 51st Streets in midtown Manhattan. The structure was built by William Kissam Vanderbilt in 1896 to be the American Horse Exchange, in 1911 the Shuberts leased the building and architect William Albert Swasey redesigned the building as a theatre. The fourth New York City venue to be christened the Winter Garden, it opened on March 10,1911, the show starred Al Jolson and launched him on his highly successful singing and acting career. He played the Winter Garden many times after that, the Winter Garden was completely remodeled in 1922 by Herbert J. Krapp. The large stage is wider than those in most Broadway houses, the theatres longest tenant was Cats, which opened on October 7,1982 and ran 7,485 performances spanning nearly eighteen years. The auditorium was gutted to accommodate the shows setting, and, after the shows closing, architect Francesca Russo supervised its restoration. In its early days, the theatre frequently hosted series of revues presented under the umbrella titles The Passing Show, Artists and Models, and The Greenwich Village Follies. It served as a Warner Bros. movie house from 1928 to 1933 and a United Artists cinema in 1945, due to the size of its auditorium, stage, and backstage facilities, it is a house favored for large musical productions. In 1974 Liza Minnelli appeared at the Winter Garden in a run that would win her a Tony Award for that year. A live album of the concert was released that year, in 2002, under an agreement between the Shubert Organization, which owns the theatre, and General Motors, it was renamed the Cadillac Winter Garden Theatre. At the beginning of 2007, the sponsorship ended and the venue returned to its original name
37.
Singin' in the Rain (musical)
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Singin in the Rain is a musical with a book by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, lyrics by Arthur Freed, and music by Nacio Herb Brown. Adapted from the 1952 movie of the name, the plot closely adheres to the original. The original West End production, directed by Tommy Steele and choreographed by Peter Gennaro, opened on June 30,1983 at the London Palladium, where it ran until September 1985. The original cast included Steele as Don, Roy Castle as Cosmo, Danielle Carson as Kathy, Singin in the Rain opened on Broadway at the Gershwin Theatre on July 2,1985 and closed on May 18,1986 after 367 performances and 38 previews. Directed and choreographed by Twyla Tharp, the design was by Santo Loquasto, costume design by Ann Roth. The cast included Don Correia as Don, Mary DArcy as Kathy, Peter Slutsker as Cosmo, the 1983 London Palladium production was remounted in 1994 for an extensive tour of the United Kingdom, which ran until December 1995. The new production, again directed by Steele, starred Paul Nicholas as Don, Shona Lindsay as Kathy, supporting cast included Matt Zimmerman and Mark Donovan. A new production of the musical was staged at the Olivier Theatre, from June 2,2000 to July 20,2000 and this production was a transfer from the West Yorkshire production, which ran from December 1999 to February 2000. The cast featured Zoe Hart as Kathy, Rebecca Thornhill as Lina, the direction was by Jude Kelly, and choreography was by Stephen Mear. Thornhill received an Olivier Award nomination for her performance, the musical played at Sadlers Wells Theatre from July 29,2004 to September 4,2004, with direction by Paul Kerryson and choreography by Adam Cooper, who also played the lead role of Don Lockwood. Coopers choreography was nominated for the 2004 Critics Circle National Dance award, the show later transferred to Leicester Haymarket. The show was revived at the 2011 Chichester Festival Theatre, starring Adam Cooper, Daniel Crossley and it was choreographed by Andrew Wright who was nominated for an Olivier Award and won the WhatsOnStage award for his work. The show received positive reviews, and then transferred to Londons West End, at the Palace Theatre, in February 2012, from 18 February 2013 the role of Kathy Selden was played by Louise Bowden. The production closed on 8 June 2013, a cast recording of Singin in the Rain was issued in 2012. The same production, with Adam Cooper, played in November 2014 in Tokyo, a UK tour followed the show closing on the West End starting on November 9 at the Manchester Opera House. This production had been moving to Broadway in 2016. Playbill reported that the Broadway cast will be a combination of new, a different production appeared on Broadway in 1985. The New York Times reported in November 2015 that the Théâtre du Châtelet production would transfer to Broadway in the fall of 2016, however, the musicals opening on Broadway has been delayed due to a lack of available theaters, the musical is still expected to open on Broadway
38.
George Gershwin Theatre
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The Gershwin Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 222 West 51st Street in midtown-Manhattan in the Paramount Plaza building. The theatre is named after brothers George Gershwin, a composer, and Ira Gershwin and it has the largest seating capacity of any Broadway theatre, with 1,933 seats. It opened as the Uris Theatre on November 28,1972 with the musical Via Galactica starring Raul Julia and it proved to be an inauspicious start for the venue, with the first show to lose a million dollars closing after only seven performances. From 1974-76 it served as a hall for limited engagements by a number of legendary pop music. The American Theatre Hall of Fame is located in the lobby, during the 37th Tony Awards ceremony held June 5,1983, the theatre was rechristened to honor the Gershwins. The Gershwin has been home to the blockbuster musical Wicked since 2003,2003, Wicked Wicked set a box office record for the Gershwin Theatre. The production grossed $3,201,333 over nine performances for the week ending December 29,2013 and this was also the highest one-week box office gross income made by any show in Broadway history, until that time. Official website New York Theatre Guide Gershwin Theatre at the Internet Broadway Database
39.
Billy Joel
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William Martin Billy Joel is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Since releasing his first hit song, Piano Man, in 1973, Joel has become the sixth best-selling recording artist and his compilation album Greatest Hits Vol.1 &2 is one of the best-selling albums in the US. Joel had Top 40 hits in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, achieving 33 Top 40 hits in the US and he is also a six-time Grammy Award winner who has been nominated for 23 Grammy Awards. He has sold more than 150 million records worldwide, making him one of the artists of all time. Joel was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in 2001, Joel received the Johnny Mercer Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2013, Joel received the Kennedy Center Honors, the nations highest honor for influencing American culture through the arts, with the exception of the 2007 songs All My Life and Christmas in Fallujah, Joel stopped writing and releasing pop/rock material after 1993s River of Dreams. However, he continues to tour, and he plays songs from all eras of his solo career. William Martin Joel was born in the Bronx on May 9,1949, in 1963, when ZIP codes were assigned, the section of Levittown in Oyster Bay was given a Hicksville, New York ZIP code and has since been part of Hicksville. Joels father, Howard Joel, a classical pianist, was born in Germany, to a Jewish family, Howard immigrated to Switzerland and later to the US to escape the Nazi regime. Joels mother, Rosalind, was born in England to Jewish parents, Philip, Rosalind and Howard Joel divorced in 1957. Howard Joel moved to Vienna, Austria, Billy Joel has a sister, Judith, and a half-brother, Alexander Joel, a classical conductor in Europe, who was the chief musical director of the Staatstheater Braunschweig from 2001 to 2014. He reluctantly began piano lessons at an age, at his mothers insistence, his teachers including the noted American pianist Morton Estrin. As a teenager, Joel took up boxing so he could defend himself and he boxed successfully on the amateur Golden Gloves circuit for a short time, winning 22 bouts, but abandoned the sport shortly after his nose was broken in his 24th boxing match. Joel attended Hicksville High School until 1967, but he did not graduate with his class, though Joel was a comparatively strong student, at the end of his senior year, he did not have enough credits to graduate. Rather than attend school to earn his diploma, Joel decided to begin a career in music, I told them. If Im not going to Columbia University, Im going to Columbia Records, Joel did eventually sign with Columbia. In 1992, he submitted essays to the board and was awarded his diploma at Hicksville Highs annual-graduation ceremony,25 years after leaving. After seeing The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show, Joel decided to pursue a career in music, in an interview he said of the groups impact, That one performance changed my life … Up to that moment Id never considered playing rock as a career
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The Times They Are A-Changin' (musical)
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The Times They Are a-Changin is a musical, conceived, directed and choreographed by Twyla Tharp. The musical debuted at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego and it then premiered on Broadway at the Brooks Atkinson Theatre on October 26,2006 and closed on November 19,2006 after 28 performances and 35 previews. Tharp both directed and choreographed, with set and costumes by Santo Loquasto and lighting by Donald Holder, the cast featured John Selya, Michael Arden, Neil Haskell, Thom Sesma, and Lisa Brescia. The New York Times review stated But if the choreography at times defies gravity, even as the dancers seem to fly, Mr. Dylan’s lyrics are hammered, one by one, into the ground. The Times They Are a-Changin - The album and music of Bob Dylan Internet Broadway Database listing Broadway. com listing
