1.
Compton, California
–
Compton is a city in southern Los Angeles County, California, United States, situated south of downtown Los Angeles. Compton is one of the oldest cities in the county and on May 11,1888, was the city to incorporate. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 96,455. It is known as the Hub City due to its centrality in Los Angeles County. Neighborhoods in Compton include Sunny Cove, Leland, Downtown Compton, the city is generally a working class city with some middle-class neighborhoods, and is home to a relatively young community, at an average 25 years of age, compared to the American median age of 35. In 1784, the Spanish Crown deeded a tract of over 75,000 acres to Juan Jose Dominguez in this area, the tract was named Rancho San Pedro. Dominguezs name was applied to the Dominguez Hills community south of Compton. The tree that marked the northern boundary of the rancho still stands at the corner of Poppy. The rancho was subdivided and parcels were sold within the Californios of Alta California until the lands were ceded after the Mexican-American war in 1848, American immigrants acquired most of the rancho lands after 1848. In 1867, Griffith Dickenson Compton led a group of 30 pioneers to the area and these families had traveled by wagon train south from Stockton, California in search of ways to earn a living other than in the rapid exhaustion of gold fields. Originally named Gibsonville, after one of the owners, it was later called Comptonville. However, to avoid confusion with the Comptonville located in Yuba County, Comptons earliest settlers were faced with terrible hardships as they farmed the land in bleak weather to get by with just the barest subsistence. The weather continued to be harsh, rainy and cold, to gather firewood it was necessary to travel to mountains close to Pasadena. The round trip took almost a week, by 1887, the settlers realized it was time to make improvements to the local government. A series of meetings were held to discuss incorporation of their little town. Griffith D. Compton donated his land to incorporate and create the city of Compton in 1889, in January 1888, a petition supporting the incorporation of Compton was forwarded to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, who in turn forwarded the petition to the State Legislature. On May 11,1888 the city of Compton was incorporated with a population of 500 people, the first City Council meeting was held on May 14,1888. The ample residential lots of Richland Farms gave residents enough space to raise a family, and food to feed them, along with building a barn, and caring for livestock
2.
Calabasas, California
–
As of the 2010 census, the citys population was 23,058, up from 20,033 at the 2000 census. The city was incorporated in 1991. It is noted for its residents and gated neighborhoods. The Leonis Adobe, a structure in Old Town Calabasas. It is generally accepted that the name of Calabasas is derived from the Spanish calabaza meaning pumpkin, squash, some historians hold the theory that Calabasas is derived from the Chumash word calahoosa which is said to mean where the wild geese fly. Owing to vast presence of wild plants in the area. The following spring, hundreds of pumpkin seeds sprouted alongside the road, the area was named Las Calabasas - the place where the pumpkins fell. The festival has evolved from a fair to a significant annual event. The citys official logo, depicting a red-tailed hawk flying over the Santa Monica Mountains, symbolizes a commitment to preserving the natural beauty. This logo is featured on the Calabasas city flag which is flown in front of City Hall, the city is located in the southwest corner of the San Fernando Valley and comprises a portion of the Santa Monica Mountains. It is 22 miles away from downtown Los Angeles and it is bordered by the Woodland Hills area of Los Angeles to the northeast, Topanga to the east, Malibu to the south, Agoura Hills to the west, and Hidden Hills to the north. The historic El Camino Real runs east–west through Calabasas as the Ventura Freeway 101, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.0 square miles. 12.9 square miles of it is land and 0.1 square miles of it is covered by water, in a part of the city near Calabasas High School and A. C. Stelle Middle School, all of the public streets are named patriotically. These include Declaration Ave. America Way, Liberty Bell Rd. Paul Revere Dr. Founders Dr. Bon Homme Rd. one of the oldest neighborhoods in Calabasas is Park Moderne, or the Bird Streets. From Parkway Calabasas, Hidden Hills West, Calabasas Hills, Calabasas Park Estates, from Las Virgenes, Mountain View Estates, Monte Nido, Deer Springs, Stone Creek, El Encanto, Mont Calabasas, Malibu Canyon Park, The Colony at Calabasas, and Avalon Calabasas. Mont Calabasas, a community on Las Virgenes Road, was annexed into the city of Calabasas in 2011, prior to annexation, the neighborhood was located in an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County. From Lost Hills Road, Calabasas View, Saratoga Hills, Saratoga Ranch, Deer Springs, the 2010 United States Census reported Calabasas to have a population of 23,058. The population density was 1,780.4 people per square mile
3.
Rapping
–
The components of rapping include content, flow, and delivery. Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is performed in time to a beat. Rapping is often associated with and an ingredient of hip-hop music. Rapping is also used in Kwaito music, a genre originated in Johannesburg, South Africa. Another form of rap that predates hip hop was boxer Muhammad Alis rhythmic poetry used to taunt his opponents in the 1960s and 1970s, rapping can be delivered over a beat, typically provided by a DJ, turntablist or Beatboxer, or without accompaniment. Stylistically, rap occupies an area between speech, prose, poetry, and singing. The word, as used to describe quick speech or repartee, the word had been used in British English since the 16th century. It was part of the African American dialect of English in the 1960s meaning to converse, today, the terms rap and rapping are so closely associated with hip-hop music that many writers use the terms interchangeably. The English verb rap has various meanings, such as to strike, especially with a quick, smart, or light blow, as well to utter sharply or vigorously, to rap out a command. The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary gives a date of 1541 for the first recorded use of the word with the meaning to utter sharply, vigorously and it is these meanings from which the musical form of rapping derives, and this definition may be from a shortening of repartee. A rapper refers to a performer who raps, by the late 1960s, when Hubert G. Brown changed his name to H. Rap was used to describe talking on records as early as 1971, on Isaac Hayes album Black Moses with track names such as Ikes Rap, Ikes Rap II, Ikes Rap III, Hayes husky-voiced sexy spoken raps became key components in his signature sound. Del the Funky Homosapien similarly states that rap was used to refer to talking in a manner in the early 1970s. Back then what rapping meant, basically, was you trying to convey something—youre trying to convince somebody, thats what rapping is, its in the way you talk. Rapping can be traced back to its African roots, centuries before hip-hop music existed, the griots of West Africa were delivering stories rhythmically, over drums and sparse instrumentation. Such connections have been acknowledged by modern artists, modern day griots, spoken word artists, mainstream news sources. Grammy-winning blues musician/historian Elijah Wald and others have argued that the blues were being rapped as early as the 1920s, Wald went so far as to call hip hop the living blues. A notable recorded example of rapping in blues music was the 1950 song Gotta Let You Go by Joe Hill Louis, not just jazz music and lyrics but also jazz poetry
4.
Singing
–
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
5.
Celebrity
–
Celebrity status is often associated with wealth, while fame often provides opportunities to make money. Successful careers in sports and entertainment are commonly associated with celebrity status, People may also become celebrities due to media attention on their lifestyle, wealth, or controversial actions, or for their connection to a famous person. Throughout recorded history there are accounts of people who attracted the trappings of celebrity which would be recognized today, athletes in Ancient Greece were welcomed home as heroes, had songs and poems written in their honor, and received free food and gifts from those seeking celebrity endorsement. Ancient Rome similarly lauded actors and notorious gladiators, and Julius Caesar appeared on a coin in his own lifetime, in the 12th century, Thomas Becket became famous following his murder. He was promoted by the Christian Church as a martyr and images of him, the cult of personality can be traced back to the Romantics in the 18th Century, whose livelihood as artists and poets depended on the currency of their reputation. The establishment of cultural hot-spots became an important factor in the process of generating fame, for example, London, newspapers started including gossip columns and certain clubs and events became places to be seen in order to receive publicity. The movie industry spread around the globe in the first half of the 20th Century, yet, celebrity wasnt always tied to actors in films, especially when cinema was starting out as a medium. The second half of the century saw television and popular music bring new forms of celebrity, such as the rock star, unlike movies, television created celebrities who were not primarily actors, for example, presenters, talk show hosts and news readers. In the sixties and early seventies the book publishing industry began to persuade major celebrities to put their names on autobiographies and other titles in a genre called celebrity publishing. In most cases the book was not written by the celebrity but by a ghost-writer, cultures and regions with a significant population may have their own independent celebrity systems, with distinct hierarchies. For example, the Canadian province of Quebec, which is French-speaking, has its own system of French-speaking television, movie, a person who garners a degree of fame in one culture may be considered less famous or obscure in another. S. Whereas the francophone Canadian singer Celine Dion is well known in both the French-speaking world and in the United States, regions within a country, or cultural communities can also have their own celebrity systems, especially in linguistically or culturally distinct regions such as Quebec or Wales. Regional radio personalities, newscasters, politicians or community leaders may be local or regional celebrities and these informal rankings indicate a placing within a hierarchy. However, due to differing levels of celebrity in different regions, a Brazilian actor might be a B-list action film actor in the U. S. but an A-list star in Portugal. Some elements are associated with fame, such as appearing on the cover of Time, being spoofed in Mad, having a wax statue in Madame Tussauds, certain people are known even to people unfamiliar with the area in which they excelled. If one has to name a famous boxer, they are likely to name Muhammad Ali or Mike Tyson. The same phenomenon is true for fictional characters, superman, Spider-Man, The Hulk, Wonder Woman and Batman represent super heroes to a far wider audience than that of the comics and graphic novels in which they appear. Disney have themeparks around the world rely on the fame of its creations headed by Mickey Mouse
6.
Kingin' with Tyga
–
Kingin with Tyga is an American reality television series that premiered on July 24,2015, on MTV2. The show was announced on April 14,2015, the six episode, half-hour series follows the life of rapper Tyga as he works on his music career and chronicles his luxurious lifestyle. The show returned with a season which premiered August 4,2016 on MTV. Official website Kingin with Tyga at the Internet Movie Database Kingin with Tyga at TV Guide
7.
Kylie Jenner
–
Kylie Kristen Jenner is an American reality television personality, socialite, fashion designer and model. She is best known for appearing on the E. reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians, in 2012, she collaborated with the clothing brand PacSun, along with her sister Kendall, and created their own line Kendall & Kylie. In 2014, Time magazine listed the Jenner sisters on their The 25 Most Influential Teens of 2014 list for their influence among teens on social media. She appeared on the same list the following year, as of 2016, she is one of the top 10 most followed celebrities on Instagram. In 2015, Jenner launched her own line called Kylie Cosmetics and a best-selling app. Jenner was born in Los Angeles, California and she is the youngest daughter of 1976 Summer Olympics decathlon winner Caitlyn Jenner and TV personality Kris Jenner. She has a sister, Kendall. On Kriss side of the family, she has three older half-sisters, Kourtney, Kim and Khloé Kardashian, and one older half-brother, Rob, Jenner also has three older half-brothers from Caitlyns side of the family—Burt, Brandon, and Brody Jenner—and an older half-sister, Casey. Jenner attended Sierra Canyon School, where she was a member of the cheerleading team, the series was successful for its network, E. There have also been speculations about a possible spin-off series starring the Jenner sisters, Jenner has two nail lacquers from the Nicole by OPI nail polish brand called Wear Something Spar-kylie and Rainbow in the S-kylie. They earned $100,000 each for their OPI endorsements in 2013, on November 15,2013, the Jenner sisters announced that they would launch The Kendall & Kylie Collection with PacSun which launched on February 2013. Since its conception, the sisters have released several collections for this line, in July 2013, the Jenner sisters launched a jewelry line with Pascal Mouawads Glamhouse to create the Metal Haven by Kendall & Kylie jewelery collection. In February 2014, she and Kendall launched a shoe and handbag line for Steve Maddens Madden Girl line, Jenner launched her hair extension line with Bellami Hair, entitled Kylie Hair Kouture, which includes sixteen different shades and a wet to dry hair-brush. In March 2015, skin care line Nip + Fab announced that Jenner became their second ambassador ever since Millie Mackintosh, in June 2015, the Jenner sisters launched their clothing line Kendall + Kylie with British fashion retailer Topshop. This Topshop clothing line also featured swimsuits, on August 18,2015, Jenner announced she will be launching her first lipstick line as a part of her self-titled lip kit. In September 2015, Jenner launched her new personalized website and mobile app, in 2016, Jenner released a short film for her lip kits. It was filmed at the Mojave Desert in Lancaster, California near the abandoned hotel. Model Jasmine Sanders made an appearance in the short film, Kylie currently sells 21 available lip kit colors on her Kylie Cosmetics ecommerce website
8.
Gardena, California
–
Gardena is a city located in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 58,829 at the 2010 census, up from 57,746 at the 2000 census, until 2014, the US census cited the City of Gardena as the place with the highest percentage of Japanese Americans in California. Gardena has a large Japanese population helping make the South Bay region of Los Angeles home to the largest concentration of Japanese companies within the mainland United States, based on archaeological findings, the Tongva people hunted and fished in the area of todays Gardena. The Tongva Indians — also known as Gabrielino Indians — are probably descendants of those who crossed from Asia to North America around 10,000 years ago, part of this land contained what became known as Gardena Valley. After the American Civil War veterans bought parts of the land, union Army Major General William Starke Rosecrans in 1869 bought 16,000 acres. The Rosecrans Rancho was bordered by what later was Florence Avenue on the north, Redondo Beach Boulevard on the south, Central Avenue on the east, the Rosecrans property was subdivided and sold in the early 1870s. One of those became the 650-acre Amestoy Ranch, Gardena proper began in 1887 when the Pomeroy & Harrison real estate developers subdivided the ranch, anticipating the coming of the Los Angeles and Redondo Railway. Civil War veteran Spencer Roane Thorpe is credited with starting the first settlement in Gardena in 1887, railroads put Gardena on the map following a real estate boom in the Los Angeles area in the 1880s. Some believe the city was named for its reputation for being the green spot in the dry season between Los Angeles and the sea. Because of its acres of berries, the city was dubbed Berryland, the Strawberry Day Festival and Parade was held each May. The berry industry suffered at the time of World War I as other crops were supported by the war economy, Japanese Americans settled in Gardena throughout its history. Their community was the subject of a 60 Minutes report in 1970, the only way Gardena could protect itself from a heavy county tax imposed on a planned project at a park site was to incorporate. The City of Gardena became incorporated on September 11,1930, from 1936 to 1980, Gardena held a local monopoly on legal cardrooms, the taxes from which accounted for nearly a third of its annual budget. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 5.9 square miles. A9. 4-acre wetland preserve, the Gardena Willows Wetland Preserve, is located at the southeast corner of Gardena and this is a naturally-occurring marshland where water seeps above-ground all year round. It hosts several species of trees and other vegetation and it is located near the intersection of Vermont Avenue and Artesia Boulevard. Gardena is bordered by Athens on the north, the Los Angeles neighborhood of Harbor Gateway on the east and south, Torrance on the southwest, Alondra Park on the west, the 2010 United States Census reported that Gardena had a population of 58,829. The population density was 10,030.0 people per square mile
9.
Hip hop music
–
It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
10.
GOOD Music
–
GOOD Music, Inc. is an American record label founded in 2004, by hip hop artist and record producer Kanye West. The label has housed several successful recording artists throughout the years, such as Big Sean, Pusha T, Common, John Legend, Tyga, Kid Cudi, Desiigner, Teyana Taylor and Mos Def, among others. Their roster of producers include Travis Scott, Southside, Hit-Boy, Hudson Mohawke, Q-Tip, Jeff Bhasker. The label has released 10 albums certified gold or higher by the Recording Industry Association of America, Kanye West founded GOOD Music in 2004, in conjunction with Sony BMG, shortly after releasing his debut album, The College Dropout. John Legend, Common, and West were the labels inaugural artists, legends Get Lifted was the labels first album release - this received eight nominations and three wins at the 2006 Grammy Awards, including Best New Artist and Best R&B Album. In October 2006, Legend released his album, Once Again. Commons Be, the second release, was the recipient of four Grammy Award nominations. The label later added GLC, Really Doe, Malik Yusef, Tony Williams, Wests second studio album, Late Registration, included featured guest appearances by every artist signed to GOOD Musics roster at the time of its release in August 2005. In May 2007, Detroit rapper Big Sean signed to the label, in 2008, West signed British singer-songwriter Mr Hudson, after hearing A Tale of Two Cities. He also signed then up-and-coming rapper Kid Cudi, after hearing his work from producer and manager Plain Pat. Kid Cudis debut album, Man on the Moon, The End of Day was released under GOOD Music on September 15,2009, the album earned three Grammy nominations and was certified Gold by the RIAA. A month later Mr Hudsons solo debut, Straight No Chaser, was released, the label held a cypher for the 2010 BET Hip Hop Awards in June, that featured West, Common, Big Sean and new signee Cyhi the Prynce. In late 2010, West released several tracks featuring himself, and others members of the GOOD Music roster, in a free weekly giveaway known as, G. O. O. D. In September 2010, West signed Brooklyn rapper Mos Def to GOOD Music. and shortly afterwards Consequence released a diss track, the following month Pusha T announced his signing. Late in 2010, Kid Cudi released his studio album Man on the Moon II, The Legend of Mr. Rager. In April 2011, West signed American rapper and producer Q-Tip of A Tribe Called Quest, Kanye West also signed producer Hit-Boy, to Very G. O. O. D. In 2011, West signed Nigerian artists Dbanj and Don Jazzy, in June 2011, GOOD Music signed their first distribution agreement, with Def Jam Recordings. Big Seans debut Finally Famous was the first album released by GOOD Music with distribution by Def Jam, in late 2011, plans were announced for a release of a compilation album, later entitled Cruel Summer
11.
Def Jam Recordings
–
Def Jam Recordings is an American record label, focused predominantly on hip hop and urban music, owned by Universal Music Group. In the UK, the takes on the name Def Jam UK and is operated through Virgin EMI, while in Japan. The label distributes various record labels, including Kanye Wests GOOD Music, Ludacris Disturbing Tha Peace, Def Jam was founded by Rick Rubin in his dormitory in Weinstein Hall at New York University and its first release was a single by his punk-rock group Hose. Russell Simmons joined Rubin shortly after they were introduced to other, according to one story. Another cites DJ Jazzy Jay as their connector, Rubin has said he met Simmons on the TV show, Graffiti Rock and recognized him then as the face of hip hop, He was five years older than me, and he was already established in the music business. And I had no experience whatsoever, the first single released with the Def Jam Recordings logo was T La Rock & Jazzy Jays Its Yours. The first releases with Def Jam Recordings catalog numbers were LL Cool Js I Need a Beat, the singles sold well, eventually leading to a distribution deal with CBS Records through Columbia Records the following year. A few years later, Russell Simmons and Lyor Cohen started a label called Rush Associated Labels to handle Def Jam. RAL became the home to Nice & Smooth and EPMD after both acts were acquired due to the folding of their former label Sleeping Bag Records, other acts under the RAL umbrella included Redman, Onyx, Flatlinerz, Domino, Warren G and Jayo Felony. As the decade drew to a close, the label signed Public Enemy, Lyor Cohen became president of Def Jam/RAL in 1988, after winning a power struggle with Rubin, who would shortly thereafter leave the company to form Def American Recordings. Rubin would take Slayer with him to Def American in its initial stages, by 1992, despite recent multi-platinum selling releases from Public Enemy, and EPMD, Def Jam ran into severe financial troubles and was faced with folding. However, in 1994, PolyGram purchased Sonys 50% stake in Def Jam Recordings — subsequently bringing the label into its fold, following PolyGrams purchase, Def Jam distributed the Violator Records-signed artist Warren Gs Regulate. G Funk Era album, which went triple platinum and brought much-needed revenue to Def Jam through its distribution deal with Violator, PolyGram acquired an additional 10% in Def Jam Recordings in 1996, further strengthening its ownership of Def Jam. Shortly thereafter, Rush Associated Labels was renamed Def Jam Music Group, the label remained profitable as its veteran star LL Cool J released his successful album Mr. Smith in 1995. The label later signed Foxy Brown, whose debut album Ill Na Na became a seller in 1997. In 1998, PolyGram was purchased by Seagram and merged with the MCA family of labels and it then purchased the remaining interest of Def Jam Recordings from Russell Simmons for a reported $100 million. UMG merged 14+ record labels including, Def Jam, Island Records, despite the formation of IDJMG, the Def Jam, Mercury, and Island labels continued to operate as separate imprints underneath the bigger umbrella. Lyor Cohen was appointed co-president of IDJMG, and Kevin Liles succeeded him as president of Def Jam, Def Soul also issued recordings by Musiq, Montell Jordan, Case,112, Patti LaBelle, and Christina Milian
12.
DCD2 Records
–
DCD2 Records, formerly known as Decaydance Records, is an independent record label owned by Pete Wentz of Fall Out Boy and partners, based in New York City. It was founded as an imprint of Fueled By Ramen, the first band Wentz signed to the label was Panic. at the Disco. In 2014, the label relaunched as DCD2 Records, keeping the acts that were signed to Decaydance before the relaunch. New Politics and Lolo were the first acts signed under the new name, charley Marley Fall Out Boy Gym Class Heroes MAX New Politics Panic. at the Disco Travie McCoy The Academy Is
13.
Cash Money Records
–
Cash Money Records is an American record label founded by two brothers, Bryan Birdman Williams and Ronald Slim Williams. The label is distributed by Republic Records, which used to be Universal Republic, Cash Money is estimated to be worth $300 million USD. Cash Money Records was founded in 1991, Bryan Williams told some of his close friends the motivation for starting the label, I was hoping it would get us out of the projects and into a positive way of life. And we wanted to other people get out of this poverty Along the way he met a lot of influential people on the road with the Hot Boys. Cash Money and Universal negotiated the deal between Cash Money and Universal Músic Groups Universal Records, which became an 80%-20% distribution deal, later, UMG acquired a portion of Cash Money Records, making it a UMG subsidiary. For its first few years, Cash Money played host to a number of releases by artists, selling only one album. Some of the labels releases garnered some success in New Orleans, Louisiana. Artists on the label during this period included the group U. N. L. V, kilo G, Lil Slim, Pimp Daddy, and PxMxWx. In 1995, the label signed young rappers B. G, the signees marked what would be the second wave of Cash Money artists. In 1997, B. G. and Lil Wayne formed the group the Hot Boys together with Juvenile, although they made little impact outside of the region in the beginning, they became the labels most well-known artists early on. Cash Moneys big break came in 1998 when the Hot Boys, B. G. and Juvenile in particular, Dino Delvaille, who orchestrated the deal, later told HitQuarters, I made certain they retained 100% ownership of their work. After the deal Cash Money records achieved a new level of success, the release of Juveniles 1998 album 400 Degreez, which was certified 4X Platinum by the RIAA, solidified Cash Money as a powerful label in the national hip-hop scene. Later albums in 1999 such as the Hot Boys Guerrilla Warfare, B. G. s Chopper City in the Ghetto, and Lil Waynes Tha Block Is Hot also saw great chart success and furthered the labels reputation. These albums contained major Billboard hits such as Juveniles Back That Azz Up, B. G. s Bling Bling, All of Cash Moneys albums and singles in this period were solely produced by the labels in-house producer, Mannie Fresh. Their A&R at Universal, Dino Delvaille, said, When they first came into the business, they were very reluctant to make records with other people. They probably felt that people would steal their style or flavor, and I had to work hard to get them to open up to making records with Cam’ron, Puffy and this labels success continued into the 2000s. Between 2001 and 2003, the label sold 7 million albums, the song Still Fly by the Big Tymers was nominated for two Grammy Awards. However, B. G. and Juvenile left the label in 2002, in 2007, former Hot Boys member Lil Wayne was named president of Cash Money Records and CEO of Young Money Entertainment
14.
Young Money Entertainment
–
Young Money Entertainment is an American record label founded by rapper Lil Wayne. Young Moneys president is Lil Waynes lifelong friend Mack Maine, the label is an imprint of Cash Money Records and is distributed by Republic Records. The label has released eleven US No, current artists include Lil Wayne, Drake, Nicki Minaj, Mack Maine, Jae Millz and Cory Gunz among others. The label has released three albums, We Are Young Money, Rich Gang and Young Money, Rise of an Empire. In October 2007, Lil Wayne said in an interview with Vibe that he had stepped down as President of the label, as of 2009, Mack Maine is serving as President. Rapper Drake signed a joint venture between Cash Money Records and Young Money, President Mack Maine confirmed that Omarion was no longer on the label after many rumours were circulating the internet. To promote their collaboration album We Are Young Money, which was released on December 21,2009 and we Are Young Money debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 142,000 copies in its first-week sales. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for selling over a shipments of 500,000 copies in the United States, the album featured the highly successful single Bedrock. BedRock debuted at thirty six on the Billboard Hot 100 on the week ending December 12,2009, on the week ending March 13,2010, the song reached a peak of two, making it the most successful single by the group on the chart. BedRock debuted in the UK Singles Chart on 6 February 2010 at forty, on March 6,2010, the single climbed to twenty two, and the subsequent week the single climbed to eighteen, marking Young Moneys first Top 20 hit in the UK. Peaking at number nine on April 3,2010, making it Young Moneys first Top 10 hit in the UK. The label had three of the top 10 highest 2010 hip hop album sales with—in order—Drakes Thank Me Later, Lil Waynes Rebirth, on March 6,2010, Lil Wayne confirmed that rapper Cory Gunz was the latest artist to sign. In November 2011, Lil Wayne introduced 14-year-old singer Torion Sellers, on February 15,2013 Mack Maine announced We the Future and Lil Waynes 14-year-old daughter Reginae Carter had signed to Young Money. The next albums released by Young Money were Lil Waynes I Am Not a Human Being II, Tygas Hotel California and Drakes Nothing Was the Same on March 26, April 7, in December 2012 Mack Maine announced a second Young Money album will be released. In February 2013 Birdman released a mixtape with Cash Money and Young Money titled Rich Gang. Shortly after he announced an album titled, Rich Gang that was due to be released on May 21,2013 featuring members of Cash Money, Young Money. The first single from the project, Tapout would be released on March 12,2013 and featured Lil Wayne, Future, Mack Maine, the album would then be pushed back to July 23,2013. On January 22,2014, it was revealed that Young Money would be releasing their own album on March 11,2014, titled Young Money
15.
Republic Records
–
Republic Records is an American record company that operates as a division of Universal Music Group. The label was endowed by Monte Lipman and Avery Lipman in 1995, the labels main offices are located in New York City, New York, United States, other offices of the record label are located at the Interscope Center in Santa Monica, California, U. S. According to Mediabase, Republic Records was 2012s top charting U. S. label, according to Avery Lipman, he and his brother Monte Lipman first conceived of Republic Records at the kitchen table of their apartment, My brother and I had been working at record companies. He was in between jobs and we started putting out as a hobby. We had an approach to the business. The first record we put out happened to work really well, frustrated by the limitations of being an independent with a very small staff, the Lipman brothers accepted an offer from Universal. One of several labels that comprise Universal Motown Republic Group, the newly named Republic Records was formed in 1995 as a sub-label of MCAs Geffen Records, Avery Lipman told HitQuarters that the pairing was a complete disaster, saying, Our ideas and vision didn’t fit with the label. We didn’t trust our own instincts and we let others decide what was right for the project. As of 2006, Universal Republic has adopted an A&R and partnership-based growth strategy, in an era of music industry transition they have proven effective, as Universal Republic has continued to grow in the industrys declining years. In mid-2012, Universal Republic Records changed its name to its former name Republic Records, all Universal Republic Records roster were moved to Republic Records. The label has released albums by Lil Wayne, Kid Cudi. The new Republic became the one label in soundtrack production. On March 31,2014, it was announced that Big Machine and Republic Records revived Dot Records, vH1 and Republic has both used Social media in this campaign. In 2015 Republic Records had songs in six of the spots in the top 10 of the Mediabase Top 40 Chart, in the earlier days, Republic Records released the Bloodhound Gangs EP, Dingleberry Haze, as well as their first LP, Use Your Fingers. Universal Republic has created strategic partnerships and co-ventures, singer Jay Sean and producer Kevin Rudolf of Cash Money Records. Rudolfs single, Let It Rock was certified 3x Platinum and licensed by multiple television networks for sports, Jay Seans debut single Down sold 3 million copies in the United States and 6 million worldwide. Seans follow-up single Do You Remember also sold over a million copies, American singer Taylor Swift with Nashville-based Big Machine Records. Swift today is a Diamond artist with 10 Grammys and 40 million records sold worldwide, jack Johnson on Brushfire Records who has achieved multi-Platinum certifications twice and is estimated to have sold about 8 million albums worldwide
16.
2 Chainz
–
Tauheed Epps, known professionally as 2 Chainz, is a Grammy award-winning American rapper from College Park, Georgia. He initially gained recognition for being one-half of the Southern hip hop duo Playaz Circle, alongside his friend and fellow rapper. They are perhaps best known for being signed to fellow Georgia-based rapper Ludacris Disturbing tha Peace label, in February 2012, Epps signed a solo record deal with Def Jam Records, an imprint of Universal Music Group. The following August, he released his studio album Based on a T. R. U. II, Me Time was released on September 11,2013 and it was supported by the singles Feds Watching and Used 2. 2 Chainz was born Tauheed Epps in College Park, Georgia and he attended North Clayton High School, where he played basketball and graduated second in his class. While in high school, he dealt marijuana and was arrested for cocaine possession when he was 15 years old. He later attended Alabama State University on a scholarship, and played on its team for the 1996–97 season. Theres a lot of stuff on there, to the point that every time I try to fix one thing, something else comes out. In fact, he attended Alabama State for his freshman year only, I got into some trouble, went somewhere else, and came back. But I graduated, and that’s that, Epps formed the hip hop duo Playaz Circle in College Park, Georgia in 1997, with his high school friend Earl Conyers, while Epps adopted Tity Boi as his moniker. After taking interest in Playaz Circle, Ludacris began to record songs with the group. Ludacris soon became one of the rappers in the Southern United States. After hearing of their situation, Ludacris requested of Epps that the duo join his newly formed record label Disturbing Tha Peace, Epps agreed to sign, although Conyers did not officially join the label until his mother regained her health, a year after the initial signing. Their debut album Supply & Demand, was released on October 30,2007, the lead single and their debut single, Duffle Bag Boy, became an urban hit single. The song features Lil Wayne, and was performed by the duo at the BET Hip Hop Awards, the duo released their second studio album Flight 360, The Takeoff, on September 29,2009. In January 2010, Playaz Circle filmed a video for their single Big Dawg featuring Lil Wayne. Shortly afterwards, Epps left Disturbing tha Peace, a move he claimed was taken in order to advance his career, although Ludacris was initially reluctant to allow Epps to leave the label, he eventually accepted the decision
17.
Chris Brown
–
Christopher Maurice Chris Brown is an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. Born in Tappahannock, Virginia, he was involved in his church choir, having signed with Jive Records in 2004, Brown released his self-titled debut studio album the following year. It peaked at two on the US Billboard 200 and was later certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. With his first single Run It, peaking atop the US Billboard Hot 100, Brown became the first male artist as a lead since Diddy in 1997 to have his debut single top the chart. His second album Exclusive spawned his second Hot 100 number one Kiss Kiss, in addition to With You, the album was also certified double platinum by the RIAA. The songs have peaked at three, number nine and number ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 respectively. His third album Graffiti was released later that year, and included the top-twenty single I Can Transform Ya, became his first to top the Billboard 200, it spawned the singles Yeah 3x, Look at Me Now, and Beautiful People. Earned Brown his first Grammy Award for Best R&B Album at the 54th Grammy Awards and his fifth album Fortune was released in 2012. However, after the release of Exclusive, Browns albums have not been well received commercially or by critics, with the exception of X. Browns seventh studio album Royalty was released on December 18,2015, apart from his work in the music industry, Brown has pursued an acting career. In 2007, he made his feature film debut in Stomp the Yard. Other films Brown has appeared in, include This Christmas, Takers, Think Like a Man, throughout his career, Brown has won several awards, including 14 BET Awards,5 Billboard Music Awards, and 3 Soul Train Music Awards. According to Billboard, Brown has the seventh most Hot 100 entries on the chart with 82 and he has an older sister, Lytrell Bundy, who works in a bank. Music was always present in Browns life beginning in his childhood and he would listen to soul albums that his parents owned, and eventually began to show interest in the hip-hop scene. He is African American, and has said that he has Pamunkey Native American ancestry. Brown taught himself to sing and dance at a young age and he began to perform in his church choir and in several local talent shows. When he mimicked an Usher performance of My Way, his mother recognized his vocal talent, at the same time, Brown was going through personal issues. His parents had divorced, and his mothers boyfriend terrified him by subjecting her to domestic violence, at age 13, Brown was discovered by Hitmission Records, a local production team that visited his fathers gas station while searching for new talent
18.
The Game (rapper)
–
Jayceon Terrell Taylor, better known by his stage name The Game, is an American rapper and actor. The Game is best known as a rapper in the West Coast hip hop scene and for being one of Dr. Dres signers under Aftermath Records. Born in Los Angeles, California, he released his first mixtape You Know What It Is Vol.1 in 2002, shortly after, he was signed to Dr. Dres Aftermath Entertainment label. He rose to fame in 2005 with the success of his debut album The Documentary. The Recording Industry Association of America certified The Documentary double platinum in March 2005. A rising artist in the 2000s, The Game was considered to be a force in bringing back the West Coast hip hop scene into the mainstream. The Game was placed into G-Unit by Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine, the Games second major label album Doctors Advocate was released on November 14,2006 and it became his second straight album to debut at number one on the U. S. Billboard 200 chart. Doctors Advocate did not feature any production from Dr. Dre, Pitchfork Media placed The Documentary at number 35 on their list of Top 50 Albums of 2005. The Game was nominated with a total of two nominations, including Grammy Award for Best Rap Song and Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for the smash single Hate It or Love It. The New York Times named Doctors Advocate best hip-hop album of 2006 and his next album LAX was released in 2008. With his eighth studio album The R. E. D, album, The Game again debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. In addition to music, The Game has starred in motion pictures, in September 2011, The Game started working on his ninth studio album, Jesus Piece, which was released on December 11,2012, his final album released by Interscope. After releasing a mixtape OKE, on October 12,2013, Birdman announced The Game had signed to Cash Money Records, however, The Game later refuted this claim. His latest album 1992 was released on October 14,2016, the Game was born Jayceon Terrell Taylor on November 29,1979, in Los Angeles, California. He grew up in Compton, a low-income crime-ridden city in Los Angeles County, in a primarily Crip gang neighborhood known as Santana Blocc, in an October 2006 interview with MTV News correspondent Sway Calloway, The Game described his family as dysfunctional. Taylor endured many hardships in his adolescence, at the age of 7, he was placed in foster care. At 13, one of his brothers, Jevon, was shot at a gas station. When he was 15, Taylor was removed from the care system and moved in with his mother
19.
Kanye West
–
Kanye Omari West is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper, West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success. He went on to pursue a variety of different styles on subsequent albums Late Registration, Graduation, and 808s & Heartbreak. In 2010, he released his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to rave reviews from critics, West released his abrasive sixth album, Yeezus, to further critical praise in 2013. His seventh album, The Life of Pablo, was released in 2016, Wests outspoken views and life outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy for his conduct at award shows, on social media and he is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA. His 2014 marriage to television personality Kim Kardashian has also been subject to media coverage. He has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all time, three of his albums have been included and ranked on Rolling Stones 2012 update of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. He has also included in a number of Forbes annual lists. Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2005 and 2015, West was born on June 8,1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three years old, after the divorce, he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago. At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, according to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in school, West replied, I got As. West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age and his mother recalled that she first took notice of Wests passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in Chicago, West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene and he started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists
20.
Lil Wayne
–
Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American hip hop recording artist and author from New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1991, at the age of nine, Lil Wayne joined Cash Money Records as the youngest member of the label, in 1996, Lil Wayne joined the southern hip hop group Hot Boys, with his Cash Money label-mates Juvenile, Young Turk and Lil Doogie. Hot Boys debuted with Get It How U Live. that same year, Most of the groups success came with their platinum-selling album Guerrilla Warfare and the 1999 single Bling Bling. Along with being the flagship artist of Cash Money Records, Lil Wayne is also the Chief Executive Officer of his own imprint, Young Money Entertainment. Lil Waynes solo debut album Tha Block Is Hot, was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and his subsequent albums, Lights Out and 500 Degreez, went on to be certified gold. Wayne reached higher popularity with his fourth album Tha Carter, which was led by the single Go D. J. and his appearance on Destinys Childs Top 10 single Soldier, that same year. The album was followed by Tha Carter II, as well as several mixtapes, Wayne gained more prominence with his sixth album Tha Carter III, which became his most successful album to date, with first-week sales of over one million copies in the United States. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and includes the hit singles Lollipop, A Milli, following the success of Tha Carter III, Wayne decided to record a rock-esque album titled Rebirth. The album, released in 2010, was certified gold by the RIAA, in March 2010, Lil Wayne began serving an 8-month jail sentence in New York after being convicted of criminal possession of a weapon stemming from an incident in July 2007. Waynes eighth album I Am Not a Human Being, was released during his incarceration and his 2011 album and first following his release, Tha Carter IV, sold 964,000 copies in its first week of availability in the United States. It includes the singles 6 Foot 7 Foot, How to Love, on September 27,2012, Lil Wayne passed Elvis Presley as the male with the most entries on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, with 109 songs. The record has since passed by other artists. Lil Waynes thirteenth studio album, Tha Carter V has been delayed multiple times and has no scheduled release date, Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. was born on September 27,1982, and grew up in the Hollygrove neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana. His mother, a cook, gave birth to him when she was 19 years old and his parents divorced when he was 2, and his father permanently abandoned the family. Although Wayne and Birdman have a relationship and Birdman calls Carter his son, Waynes biological father. Lil Wayne has also spoken about his stepfather, Rabbit. Carter has a dedicated to Rabbit, who was murdered before Carter became a star. Carter enrolled in the program of Lafayette Elementary School and in the drama club of Eleanor McMain Secondary School
21.
Backronym
–
A backronym or bacronym is a specially constructed phrase that is supposed to be the source of a word that is, or is claimed to be, an acronym. Backronyms may be invented with serious or humorous intent, or may be a type of false or folk etymology, the word is a combination of backward and acronym, and has been defined as a reverse acronym. Its earliest known citation in print is as bacronym in the November 1983 edition of the Washington Post monthly neologism contest. The newspaper quoted winning reader Meredith G. Williams of Potomac, Maryland, defining it as the same as an acronym, except that the words were chosen to fit the letters. An acronym is a derived from the initial letters of the words of a phrase, For example. By contrast, a backronym is constructed by creating a new phrase to fit an existing word, name. Backronyms are also used for comedic effect, as exemplified by NASAs C. O. L. B. E. R. T. NASA named its ISS treadmill the Combined Operational Load-Bearing External Resistance Treadmill after Stephen Colbert, the backronym was a lighthearted compromise in recognition of the comedians ability to sway NASAs online vote for the naming of an ISS module. Backronyms can be constructed for educational purposes, for example to form mnemonics, an example of such a mnemonic is the Apgar score, used to assess the health of newborn babies. Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs use backronyms as teaching tools, similar to such as one day at a time, or Let go, let God. For example, a slip may be expanded as Sobriety Losing Its Priority, backronyms are also created as jokes or as slogans, often expressing consumer loyalties or frustration. For example, the name of the restaurant chain Arbys is a play on the letters RB, referring to the companys founders, an advertising campaign in the 1980s created a backronym with the slogan America’s Roast Beef, Yes Sir. Many companies or products have spawned multiple humorous backronyms, with positive connotations asserted by supporters or negative ones by detractors. For example, the car company Ford was said to stand for First On Race Day, by aficionados, similar backronyms have been directed against many other automakers, such as Fix It Again Tony for Fiat. Backronyms have also coined by military personnel during wartime. The backronym for Spam, Something Posing As Meat, was said to have originated from jaundiced soldiers who were sick of eating canned meat. The British contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq was code-named Operation Telic, backronyms are sometimes created to name laws or programs. Commentators have noted a trend among US lawmakers to devise names that form a desired acronym
22.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
23.
Careless World: Rise of the Last King
–
Careless World, Rise of the Last King is the second studio album by American rapper Tyga. It is his first album under a label after his independent release. Production for the album took place during 2009 to 2012 and was handled by Jess Jackson, Arthur McArthur, Pharrell Williams, Boi-1da, the album was released on February 21,2012, on Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, and Universal Republic Records. The album endured several release dates due to sampling credits, despite the limited release, the album received strong digital downloads, and debuted at number four on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 61,000 copies in its first week. The album has received positive reviews from music critics upon release. The albums lead single, Far Away featuring Chris Richardson was released on May 17,2011, the song peaked at number 86 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The albums second single, Still Got It featuring Drake was released on October 4,2011, the song peaked at number 89 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The albums third single, Rack City was released on December 2,2011, the song has peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and has reached platinum status by the Recording Industry Association of America. The albums fourth single, Faded featuring Lil Wayne was released on January 13,2012, the song peaked at number 33 on the US Billboard Hot 100. The albums fifth single, Make It Nasty was released on June 26,2012, Tyga announced via his website that he would tour in promotion of his new album. The ‘Careless World’ tour began in Salt Lake City, Utah at the Maverick Center on February 17,2012 and ended in New Orleans, in the same month Tyga would go on a world tour in Europe for 2 months. The album debuted at number 4 on the US Billboard 200, as of April 2013, the album has sold 340,000 copies in the U. S. Tyga then tweeted that the issue had been resolved, and the date would not be altered. New copies of the album, with the MLK speech removed, were shipped to stores, Careless World, Rise of the Last King received positive reviews from most music critics. David Jeffries of Allmusic gave the three and a half stars out of five, saying Growth since his previous effort is obvious. Joe Colly of Pitchfork Media gave the album a 6.7 out of 10, set aside that complaint, though, and Im left without much to pick at. Andrew Nosnitsky of Spin gave the album a five out of ten, saying As a whole, though, Tyga wallows in the sort of joyless, affected seriousness that he hinted at on his Black Thoughts mixtape series. Anupa Mistry of Now gave the three out of five stars, saying Careless World isn’t just Rack City plus 20 filler songs
24.
Rack City
–
Rack City is a hip hop song performed by Tyga. First released on December 2,2011, the song serves as the single from his second studio album, Careless World. DJ Mustard produced and co-wrote the song and it reached a peak of number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 7 on the R&B/Hip-Hop chart, number 6 on the Rap chart and number 53 on the Canadian Hot 100. The lyrical content revolves around Tyga being in various Las Vegas locations whilst bragging about his rich lifestyle, Rack City was written by Tyga and DJ Mustard, with the latter also handling the songs production. The song originally appeared on Tygas mixtape, Well Done 2, on November 19,2011, Rap-Up announced that Rack City would be released to the iTunes Store in the United States as the second single from Careless World, Rise of the Last King. For the chart dated December 10,2011, Rack City debuted at number ninety-four on the Billboard Hot 100, on its eighth charting week, dated January 28,2012, the single rose fifteen places to number eight - marking Tygas first solo top ten single. The single spent two weeks in the top 10 before reaching a current peak of number seven on the week ending February 18,2011. Rack City has also reached the top ten on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, on the week ending February 4,2012, Rack City made its debut on the UK Singles Chart, landing in at position number one hundred and fifty-eight. On its third charting week, the single rose twenty-four places to number ninety-eight, the track also charted on the R&B chart, reaching a peak of number twenty-seven for the week ending February 18,2012. The music video for Rack City directed by Chris Robinson has been on YouTube since September 8,2011 and it has received over 21 million views since. Tygas former girlfriend, Blac Chyna, played the female role. Tyga released another video for Rack City on January 9,2012 with over 44 million views and it contains his then, girlfriend, Blac Chyna, who is stripping on him. The official remix consists of freestyles taken from rappers who made their own remixes, Wales verse comes from his Rack City remix which features Black Cobain. Fabolouss verse comes from his Black City remix, Young Jeezys verse comes from his Rack City remix, gucci Mane released a freestyle of the track. Rye Rye released a remix of the song as well with her side of the rack city song. Yelawolf released a LA Lakers remix of the song, B. o. B released a video for his remix to exclusively promote his Mixtape E. P. I. C. and Trae Tha Truth also released a freestyle to the track. Honey Cocaine also freestyled to the song, tory Lanez released a freestyle to the song. Former Missy Elliott protégée Brianna Perry also freestyled off this record for her 2011 mixtape Face Off, YouTube personality Jack Douglass wrote a parody called Jack City about his videos, lifecaster iJustine created a parody called Mac City, IFHT also created a parady called Cat City
25.
Faded (Tyga song)
–
Faded is a song by American rapper Tyga featuring Young Money-founder Lil Wayne. The song was first released on January 13,2012 as the single from the rappers debut studio album, Careless World. For the chart dated May 27,2012, Faded debuted at number thirty-six on the Billboard Hot 100, marking Tygas second highest-charting single after Rack City and it was released to US rhythmic radio stations on March 13,2012. Complex named the song No.42 of the best 50 songs of 2012, the Music Video was released on March 31,2012 on MTV Hits. The video features Lil Wayne and Tyga with big heads in a scene, Tyga sits on a throne and a bed full of models while rapping and a scene where he is in a box and along others too similarly to the opening to the American sitcom the Brady Bunch. Fellow YMCMB artists Birdman and Mack Maine make cameo appearances in the video, lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
26.
Far Away (Tyga song)
–
Far Away is a song by American rapper Tyga featuring American Idol finalist Chris Richardson. The song was first released on May 17,2011 as the single from the rappers debut studio album, Careless World. The track also peaked at number ninety-three on the R&B/hip-hop chart, as of January 25,2012, Far Away has sold approximately 303,000 copies in the US. The cover depicts Tyga with a field and a railroad pictured in the background implying that he is travelling to the one who is described in the song as being Far Away. Ology commented on the artwork for the single by saying that it was reminiscent of Eminems Recovery album cover released last year. In an interview with Artistdirect, Chris Richardson explained the concept behind the song and it portrays that of when we mess up and we want to make amends. Your relationship means the world to you, and youd do anything for your significant other, youd walk a thousand miles for that person. Far Away tells a story of how the guy in the relationship has done wrong, popCrush gave the song a four out of five stars and noted that the performance by Richardson really brightened up the track with a soulful hook. They also commented on the track by saying The appealing melody, ology negatively received the song and commented on it by saying The thing thats killing this track is the beat, because Tyga doesnt have the voice for it. This is a record meant for someone along the lines of Lupe or XV, probably Drake too, but none of us want to resort to that. The official video for Far Away was released on July 27th,2011 and has gained over twenty million views on YouTube. The video is based around a story in which Tyga tries to re-unite with his girlfriend, the girl dies in a fatal car accident near the end of the video which creates a sense of separation for Tyga. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
27.
Chris Richardson
–
Christopher Michael Chris Richardson is an American singer-songwriter who was the fifth-place finalist on the sixth season of American Idol. Richardson was born in Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Hospital in Belgium to Phyllis and his father spent 20 years in the United States Air Force. Richardson moved to Chesapeake, Virginia, in 1999 and he admitted during the March 6,2007 edition of American Idol that he used to be overweight as a child and teenager. He graduated from Great Bridge High School in 2002 and studied composition at Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia, for a year. He continued his studies at Tidewater Community College. Before Idol, Richardson was a supervisor for a Hooters restaurant. Chris plays guitar, drums and piano and his favorite male singers include Jason Mraz, Justin Timberlake, James Brown, and Michael Jackson. His favorite female artists are early 1990s Mariah Carey, and Christina Aguilera and he has a Bulldog named Tommy. Chris and fellow idol Blake Lewis had said on Chris elimination night that they are best friends, on April 11,2016, he and girlfriend, Maryfrances Jerez, welcomed a baby girl. Richardson had auditioned for American Idol in two seasons before being cast on season 6. Richardson auditioned in New York City, holding number 8963, the judges warmed to him, and he got through the audition process. Richardson was grouped with Paul Kim and AJ Tabaldo in the Hollywood group round, during American Idol, Chris received many comparisons to Justin Timberlake, including from judge Randy Jackson. But, he adds, those whove drawn the connection should listen to his album when it comes out and then decide if it still holds. To be even mentioned in the sentence as someone so successful, its great. They might be surprised whenever I come out with my album, so thats when other people might one day be, like Hey, you sort of sound like Chris Richardson. ^Note 2 Richardson was saved first from elimination, ^Note 3 Due to the Idol Gives Back performance, the Top 6 remained intact for another week. Richardson participated in the Season 6 tour along with the rest of the Top 10 after Season six ended. He started working on his album after the tour, then tentatively titled Come Right Back to You
28.
Still Got It
–
Still Got It is a song by American rapper Tyga featuring fellow Young Money-member, Drake. The original song was first leaked on June 21,2010 with only Drake on it, the song was then re-released on October 4,2011 as the second single from the rappers debut studio album, Careless World, Rise of the Last King. The song was produced by Noah 40 Shebib and Supa Dups, still Got It made its first chart appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 for the chart week ending October 24,2011. The track debuted at number eighty-nine, marking the third release from Tyga to do so. The song, which spent only one week on the chart, also debuted at number seventy on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, the music video was filmed on New York Street at Paramount Studios in Hollywood, California. RichGirls Audra Simmons is the girl in the video. Singer Teyana Taylor appears in the video, the music video premiered on BETs 106 and Park on April 30,2012. Drake does not make an appearance in the video, the video, set in 1988 Harlem, depicts Tyga returning home reassuring that he has not changed while successfully vying for a former flame which he succeeds in. Eventually her jealous ex comes to a party and forcably take her away as gunshots are heard
29.
Drake (musician)
–
Aubrey Drake Graham is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, and actor. Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen television series Degrassi. Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper, he departed the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape and he released two further independent projects, Comeback Season and So Far Gone, before signing to Lil Waynes Young Money Entertainment in June 2009. Drake released his studio album Thank Me Later in 2010. They were followed by two mixtapes, with the trap-influenced If Youre Reading This Its Too Late, and a collaboration with Future for What a Time to Be Alive, in 2015. The former was certified platinum in the U. S. Drake released his fourth album, Views, in 2016. The dancehall-influenced Views sat atop the Billboard 200 for ten nonconsecutive weeks and its single One Dance topped the chart in several countries, including the U. S. the UK and Canada, where it became his first number-one single as the lead artist. This saw Drake leading the Billboard Hot 100 and the Billboard 200 simultaneously for eight weeks and it achieved quadruple platinum status in the U. S. and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release. The single Hotline Bling secured him his second and third Grammy win, for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song, Drake released the critically acclaimed multi-genre More Life in 2017. More Life, described by Drake as a playlist, was his seventh number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart. Drake owns several Billboard chart records and he has the most charted songs among solo artists in the history of the Billboard Hot 100, the most simultaneously charted Hot 100 songs in a single week and the most Hot 100 debuts in a week. Drake also has the most number one singles on the Hot Rap Songs, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay, alongside his Grammy Award wins, Drake has won three Juno Awards and six BET Awards. Drake has developed other ventures, including his OVO Sound record label with longtime collaborator Noah 40 Shebib, Drake acts as a producer, producing under the pseudonym of Champagne Papi. Using the OVO moniker, Drake has his own clothing line and he is also currently acting as the global ambassador for NBA franchise, the Toronto Raptors. Aubrey Drake Graham was born on October 24,1986, in Toronto and his father, Dennis Graham, is an African American and a practicing Catholic from Memphis, Tennessee, and worked as a drummer, performing alongside country musician Jerry Lee Lewis. Bass guitarist Larry Graham and the late songwriter Teenie Hodges are his paternal uncles, Drakes mother, Sandi Graham, is a white Jewish Canadian who worked as an English teacher and florist. Drake attended a Jewish day school, and had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony, Drakes parents divorced when he was five years old. After the divorce, he and his mother remained in Toronto, as a child, he witnessed his fathers arrest while visiting him in Memphis
30.
Hotel California (Tyga album)
–
Hotel California is the third studio album by American rapper Tyga. It was released on April 9,2013, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, the album was met with mixed reviews from music critics. Commercially, it was successful than his second studio album, debuting at number 7 on the Billboard 200. On August 20,2012, Tyga announced the title to his third album, Tyga explained he made the album in a very short time so all the material would sound the same and go well together. He also compared it to a good mixtape saying you wouldnt see much music dedicated to the commercial fans. The title is a dedication to his state of California. Most of the sound is based on 1990s West Coast hip hop. On November 24, during his tour vlog, Tyga announced Rick Ross, Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, Wiz Khalifa and Lil Wayne, the album was named number 28 on XXLs Most Anticipated Albums of 2013 list. On February 7,2013, Tyga said that hed was almost finished with the album and he confirmed that he had worked with a fellow rapper ASAP Rocky for this album, but didnt make the final track listing. Musician JMSN was confirmed as one of his multiple collaborations to the album, the album features guest appearances from 2 Chainz, Future, The Game and Jadakiss. The Tupac feature on the song was one of the most talked about announcements, with the sharing the same title as Tupacs 1996 diss record. Tyga later clarified that this song was not a remake of Tupacs classic record and he intended to have the song feature Nicki Minaj, but he decided to use Jadakiss as the guest vocalist to sing with the Tupac vocals. However, Tupacs voice does not appear on the album version. Production on the album was handled by lesser known producers, along with Cool & Dre, DJ Mustard, David D. A. Doman, Lil C, SAP. In August 2012, Tyga released the mixtape Well Done 3, the mixtape features guest appearances from The Game, Honey Cocaine,2 Chainz, Future, Kirko Bangz, D-Lo and Joe Moses, supporting the mixtape was the single, Do My Dance. Tyga later announced that he would be releasing a mixtape under the name 187. The mixtape was released on November 30,2012 and it features remixes to songs such as 2 Chainzs Im Different, ASAP Rockys Fuckin Problems and GOOD Musics Clique, among others and some new materials. In January 2013, Tyga announced a Fan of a Fan 2 mixtape with Chris Brown would be finished when the latter was touring overseas
31.
Dope (Tyga song)
–
Dope is a song by American rapper Tyga featuring Rick Ross. The song was originally titled 187 but was changed to Dope. The song premiered on December 20,2012, and was released as a download on January 15,2013. It is the first single from the studio album, Hotel California. The song samples Deep Cover by Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg, the song received mixed reviews from critics who felt that it paled in comparison to the original hip-hop classic. Dope only managed to peak at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 and it fared better charting at numbers 15 and 19 on the Hot Rap Songs and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts respectively. The song was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America and it received similar chart presence in Canada, peaking at number 72 on the Canadian Hot 100. The accompanying music video for the song was directed by Colin Tilley, Dope received mixed reviews from music critics. David Jeffries of AllMusic said that the track was the almost worthy Rack City successor with Ross on the shot callers cut, chayne Japal of Exclaim. said that it was an interesting take on the song but that it ultimately crumbles with Tygas inappropriate implementation of the non-chorus. Steve Flash Juon of RapReviews felt that producers FKi stripped the song of almost everything that made the original well-regarded, the music video was released on January 18,2013, and was directed by Colin Tilley. The video begins with Tyga walking up to a parked car, Tyga then gets into his own car and drives away. Right as he drives away cops begin to follow him and a speed chase around the city begins. The rest of the Dope music video switches between scenes of the car chase and Tyga rapping inside a mansion with Rick Ross
32.
Rick Ross
–
William Leonard Roberts II, known professionally by his stage name Rick Ross, is an American rapper and entrepreneur. In 2009, Ross founded the record label Maybach Music Group, on which he released his studio albums Deeper Than Rap, Teflon Don, God Forgives, I Dont, Mastermind, Hood Billionaire, Ross was also the first artist signed to Diddys management company Ciroc Entertainment. In early 2012, MTV named Ross as the Hottest MC in the Game, william Leonard Roberts II was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, and raised in Carol City, Florida. After graduating from Miami Carol City Senior High School, he attended the historically black college Albany State University on a football scholarship, Roberts worked as a correctional officer for 18 months from December 1995, until his resignation in June 1997. In his early years at Suave House Records, Roberts initially made his debut under the pseudonym Teflon Da Don and he made his recording debut on the song Aint Shhh to Discuss on Erick Sermons lone album for DreamWorks, Def Squad Presents Erick Onasis. In the mid-2000s, he changed his name to Rick Ross and he derived his stage name from the former drug kingpin Freeway Rick Ross, to whom he has no connection. After being signed to Suave House Records, former label for rap duo 8Ball & MJG, he signed a deal with Slip-n-Slide Records. While signed to Slip-n-Slide, Roberts toured with fellow rapper Trick Daddy and made guest performances on other Slip-n-Slide albums. His debut album Port of Miami was released in August 2006 and debuted at the top spot on the U. S. Billboard 200 album chart, Christian Hoard of Rolling Stone magazine predicted that it would be the summers biggest rap record. The second single was Push It, which samples Scarface, the song from the gangster film Scarface. The music video for Push It was modeled after the film, during that time, Ross made guest performances on two singles from DJ Khaleds debut Listennn. The Album, Born-N-Raised and Holla at Me, Port of Miami received Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America on November 8,2006. In March 2008, his second album Trilla was released and, as its predecessor Port of Miami had, debuted at the top of the Billboard 200. Its lead single Speedin featuring R. Kelly peaked at number 21 on the U. S. Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles, the third single Here I Am featured Nelly and Avery Storm. MTV News ranked Ross on the spot in its 2008 Hottest MCs in the Game list among ten rappers. The fourth single This Is The Life featured Trey Songz and was released in July, I look at all the strategies people use and what made them successful. What made Birdman just as relevant today after selling 50 million records, to see the class of Jay-Z, his accomplishments and see how he sits backs and accurately makes his moves. A track from the album called Valley of Death was what stood out to MTV reporters, in the song, Ross speaks briefly on his controversial stint as a prison guard
33.
For the Road
–
For the Road is a song by American hip hop recording artist Tyga. It was released on April 4,2013, as the official single from his third studio album Hotel California. The song, produced by Grand Hustle record producers Cordale Lil C Quinn and Mars of 1500 or Nothin, the song samples Rain by SWV. In February 2013, Tyga announced during an interview that the official single from the album would be titled For the Road. Tyga said the song has the feeling as their hit Deuces. The song is produced by Lil C and was premiered on March 25, the song was then released for digital download on April 4,2013 along with the pre-order for the album. On May 14,2013 the song was released to Rhythmic contemporary radio along with the third single Show You, the music video for For the Road was filmed on April 21,2013, and was directed by Colin Tilley. The music video premiered on MTV Jams on May 19,2013
34.
Future (rapper)
–
Nayvadius DeMun Wilburn, known professionally as Future, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. Born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia, Wilburn first became involved in music as part of the Dungeon Family collective, where he was nicknamed the Future. After amassing a series of mixtapes between 2010 and 2011, Future signed a record label deal with Epic Records and A1 Recordings. He subsequently released his album, Pluto, in April 2012 to positive reviews. Futures second album, Honest, was released in April 2014, between late 2014 and early 2015, he released a trio of mixtapes, Monster, Beast Mode, and 56 Nights. His next releases, DS2, What a Time to Be Alive, EVOL, FUTURE, the latter two made him the first artist to debut to two albums consecutively at the top of that chart. Future has also released several singles certified gold or higher by the RIAA, including Turn On the Lights, Move That Dope, Fuck Up Some Commas, Where Ya At, Jumpman, nayvadius DeMun Wilburn was born on November 20,1983 in Atlanta, Georgia. He began using his name while performing as one of the members of the musical collective The Dungeon Family. His first cousin, record producer and Dungeon Family member Rico Wade, encouraged him to sharpen his writing skills, Future voices his praise of Wades musical influence and instruction, calling him the mastermind behind his sound. He soon came under the wing of Atlantas own Rocko who signed him to his label A-1 Recordings, since then his work ethic has driven him to his success. From 2010 to early 2011, Future released a series of mixtapes including 1000, Dirty Sprite, the latter included the single Tony Montana, in reference to the Scarface film. During that time, Future was also partnering with a fellow rapper Gucci Mane on their collaborative album Free Bricks, and co-wrote YCs single Racks. Future signed a label recording contract with Epic Records fellow American rapper Rockos A1 Recordings, in September 2011, days before the release of his next mixtape. The mixtape was described by XXL magazine as ranging from simple and it would almost feel antiquated if Future werent amassing hits, or if he werent bringing some subtle new dimensions to the micro-genre. Though Future had told MTV that Streetz Calling would be his final mixtape prior to the release of his studio album, another mixtape. In December 2011, Future was featured on the cover of Issue #77 of The FADER, before his album being released in April 2012. Future was selected to the annual XXL Freshmen list in early 2012 and his debut album Pluto, originally planned for January, was eventually released on April 17. It included remixes of Tony Montana featuring Drake and Magic featuring T. I, according to Future, Magic was the first record T. I. jumped on when he came outta jail
35.
Vietnamese people
–
The Vietnamese people or the Kinh people, are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population at the 1999 census. The earliest recorded name for the ancient Vietnamese people appears as Lạc, the word Việt is shortened from Bách Việt, a name used in ancient times. Written history knows the ancient Vietnamese people first simply as the Lạc or Lạc Việt, archaeological evidence of the Đông Sơn culture suggests that Bronze Age Vietnamese people were among the first to practice agriculture. DNA research shows that Vietnamese people are the oldest population in Southeast Asia, the Vietnamese show a close genetic relationship with other East Asians with the exception of seven unique markers. The Genographic Project by the National Geographic Society shows that the Vietnamese are intermediate between East and Southeast Asians, during another recent study the test subjects specifically showed more genetic variants in common with the Chinese than with the Japanese. The anonymous subjects of the study belong to the Vietnamese ethnic group, according to legend, the first Vietnamese descended from the dragon lord Lạc Long Quân and the female heavenly angel Âu Cơ. They married and had one hundred eggs, from which hatched one hundred children and their eldest son ruled as the Hùng king. Archaeologists follow a path of stone tools from the Late Pleistocene across Java, Malaysia, Thailand and these stone tools are thought to be the first human tools used in Southeast Asia. Archaeologists believe that at time the Himalayas, a chain of mountains in northern Burma and China. During the Last Glacial Maximum, ocean levels dropped significantly and this resulted in the exposure of the shallow areas surrounding the coasts and islands of Southeast Asia - today known as the Sunda Shelf. It is generally thought that the exposed Sunda Shelf looked like a giant salt plain, later, when the glaciers melted, the Sunda Shelf again disappeared under water. Because it is a shallow body of water, it has always provided a safe area for traders and travelers in small boats to pass safely without the threat of high or choppy seas. In this way, the geography of the area has had a lot to do with the way in which cultures developed. As the map indicates, outside the Sunda Shelf are deep ocean basins which were not often crossed until heavier and wider Chinese vessels could traverse these deep and sometimes dangerous seas. As the glaciers melted and the seas near these coasts rose, traders and other travelers who wanted to migrate to areas, or perhaps to proselytize religion. For the next 4,000 years, until 8000 BCE, people moved across the mainland of Southeast Asia towards the Tonkin Delta. Eventually, the descendants of these migratory peoples entered the Neolithic Age, remains of these people and the Hoabinhian culture have been found in the Hòa Bình Caves along the Red River and in the Tonkin Delta
36.
Jamaicans
–
Jamaicans are the citizens of Jamaica and their descendants in the Jamaican diaspora. Most Jamaicans are of African descent, with minorities of Europeans, East Indians, Chinese, Mixed-Race. The bulk of the Jamaican diaspora resides in Canada, United States, according to the official Jamaica Population Census of 1970, ethnic origins categories in Jamaica include Negro or Black, East Indian, Chinese, Syrian or Lebanese, White, Mixed, and Other races. Negro or Black workers made up 89. 4% of the working population and those of mixed race were the second most prominent labour category, making up 6% of the working population. Within the Caribbean, there are an estimated 30,000 Jamaicans living in the Dominican Republic, an equal number reside in other CARICOM members states, including the Bahamas, Cuba, Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago. Demographics of Jamaica Jamaican British Jamaican American Jamaican Canadian Jamaican Australian Jamaicans in Ethiopia
37.
Fabolous
–
John David Jackson, better known by his stage name Fabolous, is an American hip hop recording artist from Brooklyn, New York City. Jacksons career began when he was a senior in school and ended up rapping live on American record producer and music executive DJ Clues radio show. Jackson was subsequently signed by DJ Clue to his label Desert Storm, Fabolous first release, Ghetto Fabolous, spawned the hit singles Cant Deny It and Youngn, which led Jackson to prominence. His second release was 2003s Street Dreams, which was supported by two Top 10 singles Cant Let You Go and Into You. Aside from the songs, Jackson has released a string of hit singles, such as Trade It All, Pt.2, Breathe, Make Me Better, Baby Dont Go, Throw It in the Bag. He is also known for appearing on several R&B singles, including Superwoman Pt, in 2004, Jackson signed to Atlantic Records, after leaving Elektra, where he released Real Talk, his first and only album under Atlantic. In 2006, Jackson was let out of his contract with Atlantic, also in 2006, Jackson founded his own record label, Street Family Records. In 2007, he released From Nothin to Somethin, under Def Jam, in 2009, he would go on to release his fifth album, Losos Way. Throughout the years Jackson has released mixtapes, including several installments of his highly acclaimed There Is No Competition series. He released his album, The Young OG Project, in 2014. Fabolous has a current net worth of $23 million that has accumulated mostly from his music career. Fabolous was born John David Jackson on November 18,1977 and is of Dominican and African American descent and he grew up in Breevort Houses in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of the Brooklyn borough of New York City. While in his year of high school, Fabolous began to pursue a career in hip hop music. He was invited to rap live on American record producer and music executive DJ Clues radio show, DJ Clue subsequently signed Fabolous to his record label, Desert Storm Records. Fabolous was then featured on several DJ Clue mixtapes, as well as mixtapes with Roc-A-Fella artists and this earned Fabolous and Desert Storm a distribution deal with Elektra Records. In a September 6,2001 interview with Hot104. com, Fabolous said he never planned on becoming a rapper and told the website, I was just trying to make some money, I got tired of being broke. This was something where I could make some money, Fabolous released his debut album, Ghetto Fabolous, on September 11,2001. It debuted at four on the Billboard 200, selling over 143,000 copies in its first week
38.
Cam'ron
–
Cameron Ezike Giles, better known by his stage name Camron, is an American rapper, actor and entrepreneur from Harlem, New York. He is the de facto leader of East Coast hip hop groups The Diplomats, in 1998, Camron released his debut album Confessions of Fire on Epic, the album would achieve Gold status by the RIAA. In 2000 Camron released his second album S. D. E, in 2002 Camron starred in the Roc-A-Fella films Paper Soldiers and Paid in Full. In 2004 Camron released his studio album Purple Haze to critical acclaim reaching Gold status by the RIAA. In 2005 after disbanding his record label, Diplomat Records, from Roc-A-Fella Records due to business disagreements, in 2006 Camron released his fifth studio album, Killa Season. The album also contained a movie of the name, in which Camron made his director/screenwriter debut. In 2009, after taking a due to his mothers health, Camron returned to music. It reached number 3 on the Billboard 200, cameron Giles was born and raised in Harlem. He went to school at Manhattan Center for Science and Mathematics and he was a promising basketball player alongside Mase, however, he was unable to take advantage of scholarship offers due to his poor academic standing. Instead, he enrolled in a college in Texas, without graduating from high school. He began his career in the mid 1990s, rapping alongside Big L, Mase. After Bloodsheds death in a car accident on March 2,1997, the group disbanded, two years before Big Ls murder in 1999, Camron was introduced to The Notorious B. I. G. by Mase who was signed to Bad Boy Records at the time. Biggie was so impressed by Camron that he introduced him to his partner Lance Un Rivera who signed Camron to his Untertainment label, the album achieved gold status and made the Top 10 of both the pop and R&B charts. In 2000, Camron was working with music executive Tommy Mottola and released his second album S. D. E. on Sony/Epic Records. With features from Destinys Child, Juelz Santana, Jim Jones, N. O. R. E. and producer Digga, it included the successful singles, Let Me Know. The album reached Number 2 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, a reported $4.5 million record deal was agreed upon with and Damon Dash and his Roc-A-Fella partners Kareem Biggs and Jay-Z in the form of a record advance. It included the hit singles Oh Boy and Hey Ma, which both featured The Diplomats newest member and protege, Juelz Santana, the album achieved platinum status and served as a stepping stone for Camrons group The Diplomats to sign with Roc-A-Fella. In 2002, Camron went on to appear in the Damon Dash produced film, Paid in Full, in 2006 started shooting his movie for his album titled Killa Season, the film would mark both Camrons screenwriting and directorial debuts, as well as his return to acting
39.
Eminem
–
Marshall Bruce Mathers III, known professionally as Eminem, is an American rapper, record producer, and actor. Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States, throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Globally, he has more than 172 million albums, thus being one of the worlds best-selling artists. Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and they were followed by Encore in 2004, another critical and commercial success. Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005, releasing Relapse in 2009, both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide, the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year. Eminems eighth album, 2013s The Marshall Mathers LP2, won two Grammy Awards, including Best Rap Album, it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15. In addition to his career, Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent. He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 59, Eminem has developed other ventures, including Shady Records, with manager Paul Rosenberg, which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent. Eminem has also established his own channel, Shade 45, on Sirius XM Radio. In November 2002, he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile, Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash, Funny People, The Interview and the television series Entourage. Eminem was born on October 17,1972, in St. Joseph, Missouri, Debbie was 14 when she met 18-year-old Bruce, at age 17, she nearly died during her 73-hour labor. Eminems parents were in a band called Daddy Warbucks, playing in Ramada Inns along the Dakotas–Montana border before their separation, Bruce left the family, moving to California and having two other children, Michael and Sarah. Debbie had son Nathan Nate Kane Samara on February 3,1986, during his childhood, Eminem and Debbie shuttled between Michigan and Missouri, rarely staying in one house for more than a year or two and living primarily with family members. In Missouri, they lived in places, including St. Joseph, Savannah. As a teenager Eminem wrote letters to his father, according to Debbie, friends and family remember Eminem as a happy child, but a bit of a loner who was often bullied. One bully, DeAngelo Bailey, severely injured Eminems head, Debbie filed a lawsuit against the school in 1982, Eminem spent much of his youth in a working-class, primarily black, Detroit neighborhood. He and Debbie were one of three white households on their block, and Eminem was beaten by black youths several times, as a child he was interested in storytelling, aspiring to be a comic-book artist before discovering hip hop. Eminem heard his first rap song on the Breakin soundtrack, a gift from Debbies half-brother Ronnie Polkinghorn, when Polkinghorn committed suicide in 1991, Eminem stopped speaking for days and did not attend his funeral
40.
Socioeconomic
–
Socioeconomics is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes. In general it analyzes how societies progress, stagnate, or regress because of their local or regional economy, socioeconomics is sometimes used as an umbrella term with different usages. The term social economics may refer broadly to the use of economics in the study of society, more narrowly, contemporary practice considers behavioral interactions of individuals and groups through social capital and social markets and the formation of social norms. In the latter, it studies the relation of economics to social values, in criticizing mainstream economics for its alleged faulty philosophical premises and neglect of dysfunctional economic relationships, such advocates tend to classify social economics as heterodox. Nevertheless, regarding freedom, overwhelmingly research shows that although it has its negative effects, especially in a shorter term. These trends of increasing prosperity with augmenting economic freedom are confirmed even when we compare them within different territories of countries, in many cases, socioeconomists focus on the social impact of some sort of economic change. Such changes might include a factory, market manipulation, the signing of international trade treaties, new natural gas regulation. Such social effects can be wide-ranging in size, anywhere from local effects on a community to changes to an entire society. Examples of causes of socioeconomic impacts include new technologies such as cars or mobile phones, changes in laws, changes in the physical environment, and ecological changes. These may affect patterns of consumption, the distribution of incomes and wealth, the way in which people behave, and the overall quality of life. The goal of socioeconomic study is generally to bring about development, usually by improvements in metrics such as GDP, life expectancy, literacy, levels of employment. From the Mises Institute, select among sections, an Overview of Theories, Methods, and Themes in the Field, Forum for Social Economics 44, 1-23. The Theory of Social Production, Springer, Berlin, Economy and Society,2 v. Description and scroll to chapter-preview links. Association for Social Economics The Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics Economy and Society Journal of Socio-Economics Review of Social Economy Socio-Economic Review
41.
San Fernando Valley
–
The San Fernando Valley is an urbanized valley located in Los Angeles County, California, defined by the mountains of the Transverse Ranges circling it. Home to 1.8 million people, it lies north of the larger, nearly two thirds of the valleys land area is part of the city of Los Angeles. The other incorporated cities in the valley are Glendale, Burbank, San Fernando, Hidden Hills, the Los Angeles River begins at the confluence of Calabasas Creek and Bell Creek, between Canoga Park High School and Owensmouth Ave. in Canoga Park. These creeks headwaters are in the Santa Monica Calabasas foothills, the Simi Hills Hidden Hills, Santa Susana Field Laboratory, the river flows eastward along the southern regions of the Valley. One of the rivers two unpaved sections can be found at the Sepulveda Basin, a seasonal river, the Tujunga Wash, drains much of the western facing San Gabriel Mountains and passes into and then through the Hansen Dam Recreation Center in Lake View Terrace. It flows south along the Verdugo Mountains through the communities of the valley to join the Los Angeles River in Studio City. Other notable tributaries of the river include Dayton Creek, Caballero Creek, Bull Creek, Pacoima Wash, the elevation of the floor of the valley varies from about 600 ft to 1,200 ft above sea level. Universal City, an enclave in the part of the valley, is unincorporated land housing the Universal Studios filming lot. Mulholland Drive, which runs along the ridgeline of the Santa Monica Mountains, in this Mediterranean climate, post-1790s European agriculture for the missions support consisted of grapes, figs, olives, and general garden crops. The San Fernando Valley contains five incorporated cities—Glendale, Burbank, San Fernando, Hidden Hills and Calabasas—and part of a sixth, Los Angeles, the unincorporated communities are governed by the County of Los Angeles. The Los Angeles city section of the valley is divided into seven city districts,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 12. Of the 95 neighborhood councils in the city,34 are in the valley, the valley is represented in the California State Legislature by seven members of the State Assembly and five members of the State Senate. The valley is divided into five congressional districts, the San Fernando Valley, for the most part, tends to support Democrats in state and national elections. This is especially true in the areas which include Sherman Oaks. The Los Angeles satellite administrative center for the valley, The Civic Center Van Nuys, is in Van Nuys. The area in and around the Van Nuys branch of Los Angeles City Hall is home to a station, municipal and superior courts. Northridge is home to California State University, Northridge, many branches of the Los Angeles Public Library are located in the valley. For independent libraries see Incorporated Cities in the Municipalities and districts list below, Los Angeles Police Department, Los Angeles County Sheriffs Department, and independent valley city departments
42.
Range Rover
–
The Range Rover is a British made, full-sized four-wheel drive sport utility vehicle produced by Land Rover, and serves as its flagship model. Land Rover is one of several auto manufacturers owned by Tata Motors, the Range Rover was launched in 1970. It is now in its fourth generation, Land Rover has expanded the Range Rover model line to include different designs, the Range Rover Evoque, the Range Rover Velar and the Range Rover Sport. The Rover Company was experimenting with a model than the Land Rover Series in 1951. This was shelved in 1958, and the idea lay dormant until 1966, in 1967, the first Range Rover prototype was built, with the classic Range Rover shape discernible, but with a different front grille and headlight configuration. The design of the Range Rover was finalised in 1969, twenty-six Velar engineering development vehicles were built between 1969 and 1970 and were road registered with the number plates YVB151H through to YVB177H. 3, the vehicle YVB 153H is believed to have been the first off the line as a vehicle in that colour was urgently required for marketing. The Velar name was derived from the Italian velare meaning to veil or to cover, Range Rover development engineer Geof Miller used the name as a decoy for registering pre-production Range Rovers. The Velar company was registered in London and produced 40 pre-production vehicles that were built between 1967 and 1970, most of these Velar pre-production vehicles are accounted for and have survived into preservation. The Range Rover was launched in 1970, in the early 1970s, the Musée du Louvre in Paris exhibited a Range Rover as an exemplary work of industrial design. In 1972, the British Trans-Americas Expedition became the first vehicle-based expedition to traverse the Americas from north-to-south, the specially modified Range Rovers used for this expedition are now on display in the British Motor Industry Heritage Trust collection at Gaydon, Warwickshire. Between 1974 and 1987, Land Rover vehicles were sold in the United States through the grey market. The Land Rover company began selling the Range Rover officially in the U. S. on 16 March 1987. From that time until 1993, the U. S. marketing was all in the name of Range Rover, because it was the only model offered in the American market. In 1993, with the arrival of the Defender 110 and the imminent arrival of the Land Rover Discovery, in 2011, the Range Rover Evoque was launched. The first-generation Range Rover was produced between 1970 and 1996 and it was available only in a 2-door body until 1981, though prior to this 4 door models were produced by specialist firms. Unlike other 4x4s such as the Jeep Wagoneer, the original Range Rover was not designed as a luxury-type vehicle, convenience features such as power steering, carpeted floors, air conditioning, cloth/leather seats, and wooden interior trim were fitted later. The Range Rover was a design with a box section ladder type chassis
43.
Tiger Woods
–
Eldrick Tont Tiger Woods is an American professional golfer who is among the most successful golfers of all time. He has been one of the athletes in the world for several years. Following an outstanding amateur and two-year college golf career, Woods turned professional at age 20 in late summer 1996. By April 1997 he had won his first major, the 1997 Masters, in a record-breaking performance, winning the tournament by 12 strokes. He first reached the one position in the world rankings in June 1997. Through the 2000s, Woods was the dominant force in golf, from December 2009 to early April 2010, Woods took leave from professional golf to focus on his marriage after he admitted infidelity, but he and his wife Elin Nordegren eventually divorced. His many alleged extramarital indiscretions were revealed by several different women and this was followed by a loss of golf form, and his ranking gradually fell to a low of No.58 in November 2011. He ended a winless streak of 107 weeks when he triumphed in the Chevron World Challenge in December 2011. After winning the Arnold Palmer Invitational on March 25,2013, he ascended to the No.1 ranking once again, Woods had back surgery in April 2014 and September 2015 and has struggled since to regain his dominant form. By March 29,2015, Woods had fallen to #104, in May 2016, Woods dropped out of the world top 500 for the first time in his professional career. Woods has broken numerous golf records and he has been World Number One for the most consecutive weeks and for the greatest total number of weeks of any golfer. He has won 14 professional major golf championships, the second-highest of any player, and 79 PGA Tour events, second all time behind Sam Snead and he has more career major wins and career PGA Tour wins than any other active golfer. He is the youngest player to achieve the career Grand Slam, additionally, Woods is only the second golfer to have achieved a career Grand Slam three times. Woods has won 18 World Golf Championships, and won at least one of those events in each of the first 11 years after they began in 1999, Woods and Rory McIlroy are the only golfers to win both The Silver Medal and The Gold Medal at The Open Championship. Woods was born in Cypress, California, to Earl and Kultida Woods, Kultida, originally from Thailand, is of mixed Thai, Chinese, and Dutch ancestry. Earl, a lieutenant colonel and Vietnam War veteran, was of mostly African American. Earls mother Maude Carter was of light skin, some suggest possible Native American and Chinese ancestry. Tiger refers to his ethnic make-up as Cablinasian, Woods first name, Eldrick, was coined by his mother because it began with E and ended with K
