Type species
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A type species is the species considered to be permanently taxonomically associated with the name of a genus or subgenus, and that is used to identify it and distinguish it from others. In modern time
Columba oenas, the stock dove, is the type species of the genus Columba.
Type genus
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In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name.
A female mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and her clutch of ducklings. Anas is the type genus for the family Anatidae.