Typhoon Parma
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Typhoon Parma, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Pepeng, was a strong, deadly and erratic tropical cyclone that became the second-wettest typhoon to affect the Philippines, and the second typhoon to
Parma at peak intensity on October 1
Severe Tropical Storm Parma interacting with Typhoon Melor on October 7, 2009.
Fujiwhara effect
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The Fujiwhara effect, sometimes referred to as the Fujiwhara interaction or binary interaction, is a phenomenon that occurs when two nearby cyclonic vortices move around each other and close the dista
Typhoon Parma
…released water to prevent its breach. However, in the first week of October, Parma interacted with the incoming Typhoon Melor on the Pacific (via a Fujiwhara interaction), rendering it stationary as it made landfall on Southern Taiwan. Days later, the greatly weakened Parma retreated back to Luzon, making further landfalls…
Hurricanes Imelda (left) and Humberto (right) displaying the Fujiwhara effect during the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season.
Sakuhei Fujiwhara, the meteorologist who discovered the phenomenon.