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History
U.S. Public Health Service reorganizations of 1966–1973
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Between 1966 and 1973, a series of reorganizations occurred of the United States Public Health Service (PHS) within the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW). The reorganization by 1968 replaced PHS's old bureau structure with two new operating agencies: the Health Services and Mental Health Administration (HSMHA) and the Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service (CPEHS). The goal of the reorganizations was to coordinate the previously fragmented divisions to provide a holistic approach to large, overarching problems.
Campus of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland around 1963. Although NIH would be largely unaffected by the reorganizations,
Campus of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland around 1963. Although NIH would be largely unaffected by the reorganizations, the National Institute of Mental Health would be transferred to HSMHA in 1968, and then to the new Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration in 1973. It would not return to NIH until 1992.
Communicable Disease Center headquarters in Atlanta in 1963. After being renamed the National Communicable Disease Center in 1967, it would find a hom
Communicable Disease Center headquarters in Atlanta in 1963. After being renamed the National Communicable Disease Center in 1967, it would find a home in HSMHA, change its name again to Center for Disease Control in 1970, and be promoted to operating agency status in 1973.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) headquarters in Washington, D.C. around 1963. FDA was moved into the PHS in 1968 as part of CPEHS, and became its o
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) headquarters in Washington, D.C. around 1963. FDA was moved into the PHS in 1968 as part of CPEHS, and became its own operating agency under PHS in 1970.
President Richard Nixon signing the Clean Air Amendments of 1970. Along with the National Environmental Policy Act, it provided the context in which R
President Richard Nixon signing the Clean Air Amendments of 1970. Along with the National Environmental Policy Act, it provided the context in which Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970 was enacted, creating the Environmental Protection Agency and leading to the demise of CPEHS.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate.
Stacks emitting smoke from burning discarded automobile batteries, photo taken in Houston in 1972 by Marc St. Gil, official photographer of recently f
Stacks emitting smoke from burning discarded automobile batteries, photo taken in Houston in 1972 by Marc St. Gil, official photographer of recently founded EPA
Same smokestacks in 1975 after the plant was closed in a push for greater environmental protection
Same smokestacks in 1975 after the plant was closed in a push for greater environmental protection
Ruckelshaus sworn in as first EPA Administrator
Ruckelshaus sworn in as first EPA Administrator
Headquarters of the EPA at the William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building
Headquarters of the EPA at the William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building