1.
Interstate 5
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It serves the largest cities on the U. S. West Coast, including Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, Los Angeles, and San Diego, and also links the cities of Washington, Oregon. Upon crossing the Mexican border at its terminus, Interstate 5 continues to Tijuana. Upon crossing the Canada–US border at its terminus, it continues to Vancouver as British Columbia Highway 99. It is the 12th longest highway in the U. S. following I-15, I-5 links to control cities in California, Oregon, and Washington. North of Seattle, the city is Vancouver, British Columbia, it is signed as Vancouver B. C. in order to avoid confusion with Vancouver. One notable control city that I-5 does not directly reach is San Francisco, to the south, in the Tracy area, I-580 splits from I-5 towards San Francisco, while to the north, near Vacaville, I-505 cuts south to I-80, which serves that city. That routing, via I-580, I-80, and I-505, was planned originally as I-5W, the southernmost point of I-5 is at the Mexican border at the San Ysidro border crossing, one of the busiest in the world. Here I-5 is also known as the San Diego Freeway, at Dana Point, I-5 turns inland and heads due north through Mission Viejo to the El Toro Y interchange in southeastern Irvine. I-5 becomes the Santa Ana Freeway as it runs southeast to northwest, passing through cities and suburbs in Orange. Southern Californians refer to it as the 5 Freeway or as the Santa Ana Freeway in the Los Angeles area, from this point, the San Diego Freeway continues northward as I-405. When the freeway reaches the East Los Angeles Interchange one mile east of downtown Los Angeles, the route continues through the San Fernando Valley and then crosses the Newhall Pass through the Santa Susana Mountains into the Santa Clarita Valley. The interchange with State Route 14 is unusual in that traffic is separated into its own lanes for both the mainline of the freeway and the transition ramps to and from SR14. At that point, the Golden State Freeway rises sharply to the north through the Grapevine to eventually reach the second-highest point of its entire length, path 26 power lines generally follow the freeway along this stretch. I-580 splits from I-5 at a point south of Tracy, providing a connection to the San Francisco Bay Area. After passing Tracy, I-5 heads north through Stockton and Sacramento before turning west to Woodland, at Woodland, the Interstate heads northwest again towards Dunnigan, where it converges with I-505. From Dunnigan, I-5 skirts north along the edge of the Sacramento Valley to Red Bluff. I-5 then enters the Shasta Cascade region, passing through Redding, the interstate then travels to Weed and Yreka before reaching the Oregon border
2.
Interstate 10
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Interstate 10 is the southernmost cross-country interstate highway in the American Interstate Highway System. It stretches from the Pacific Ocean at State Route 1 in Santa Monica, California, to I-95 in Jacksonville and this freeway is part of the originally planned Interstate Highway network that was laid out in 1956, and its last section was completed in 1990. I-10 is the fourth-longest Interstate Highway in the United States, following I-90, I-80, about one-third of its length is within the state of Texas, where the freeway spans the state at its widest breadth. Between its west terminus in Santa Monica, California, and the major East Los Angeles Interchange, the Santa Monica Freeway is also called the Rosa Parks Freeway for the segment beginning at I-405, and ending at I-110/SR110. The segment between the East Los Angeles Interchange and the city of San Bernardino,63 miles long, is called the San Bernardino Freeway, for example, a sign near the western terminus of the highway in Santa Monica proclaims this highway the Christopher Columbus Transcontinental Highway. I-10 is known to a lesser degree as the Veterans Memorial Highway. In Palm Springs, I-10 is also named the Sonny Bono Memorial Freeway as a tribute to the late entertainer who served both as the mayor and as a U. S. Congressman, another stretch a short distance east in Indio is proclaimed the Doctor June McCarroll Memorial Freeway. In Arizona, the highway is designated the Pearl Harbor Memorial Highway, the portion through Phoenix is named the Papago Freeway, and it is a vital piece of the metropolitan Phoenix freeway system. This designation starts at Loop 101, near 99th Avenue, from the southern terminus of I-17 to the southernmost junction with Loop 202, the highway is signed as the Maricopa Freeway. This name holds true as well for I-17 from its terminus to the Durango Curve south of Buckeye Road. From Loop 202 south to the terminus of I-8 just southeast of Casa Grande. The Arizona Department of Transportation also has maps that show it as the Maricopa Freeway, while the American Automobile Association, the latters name is used on a stretch of Loop 101 from Loop 202 to I-17. Between I-17 in Phoenix and the I-19 interchanges in Tucson, I-10 is included in the federally designated CANAMEX Corridor, extending from Mexico City to Edmonton, in Tucson, Arizona, between I-10 mileposts 259 and 260 are interchange ramps connecting I-10 with the northern terminus of I-19. The highest elevation along I-10 occurs just east of Tucson,20 miles west of Willcox, at the mile marker 320 exit for the Amerind Foundation, the westbound lanes of I-10 briefly cross above 5,000 feet above sea level. I-10 passes through three Southern New Mexico municipalities of regional significance before the junction with I-25, Lordsburg, Deming, most of I-10 in New Mexico, between Exit 24 and Exit 135, is concurrent with US70. At Lordsburg is the junction of US70 and a concurrency. Several exits between Lordsburg and Deming are either for former towns or lack any town at all, at Deming is the western junction of US180, which also forms a concurrency with I-10 all the way to El Paso. One mile north of Deming on US180 is New Mexico State Road 26 which serves as a cut to north I-25
3.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
4.
Interstate 80
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Interstate 80 is a transcontinental limited-access highway in the United States that runs from downtown San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey, in the New York City Metropolitan Area. The highway was designated in 1956 as one of the routes of the Interstate Highway System. Its final segment was opened to traffic in 1986 and it is the second-longest Interstate Highway in the United States, following I-90. I-80 is the Interstate Highway that most closely approximates the route of the historic Lincoln Highway, from near Chicago east to near Youngstown, Ohio, I-80 is a toll road, containing the majority of both the Indiana Toll Road and the Ohio Turnpike. I-80 runs concurrently with I-90 from near Portage, Indiana, to Elyria, in Pennsylvania, I-80 is known as the Keystone Shortway, a non-tolled freeway that crosses rural north-central portions of the state on the way to New Jersey and New York City. I-80 begins at an interchange with U. S. Route 101 in San Francisco and it then heads northeast through Vallejo, Sacramento, and the Sierra Nevada mountains before crossing into Nevada. A portion of the route through Pinole involved the experimental transplantation of the rare species Santa Cruz tarweed in the right-of-way, in Nevada, I-80 traverses the northern portion of the state. The Nevada portion of I-80 follows the paths of the Truckee and Humboldt rivers, the Interstate also follows the historical routes of the California Trail, First Transcontinental Railroad, and Feather River Route throughout portions of the state. I-80 in Nevada closely follows, and at points directly overlaps, the original route of the Victory Highway, State Route 1. After crossing Utahs western border in Wendover, I-80 crosses the desolate Bonneville Salt Flats west of the Great Salt Lake, the longest stretch between exits on an Interstate Highway is located between Wendover and Knolls, with 37.4 miles between those exits. This portion of I-80, crossing the Great Salt Lake Desert, is flat and straight, dotted with large warning signs about driver fatigue. It ascends Parleys Canyon and passes within a few miles of Park City as it follows a route through the mountains towards the junction with the terminus of the western section of I-84. From the junction it continues up Echo Canyon and on towards the border with Wyoming, the route of the Utah section of I-80 is defined in Utah Code Annotated § 72-4-113. In Wyoming, I-80 reaches its maximum elevation of 8,640 feet above sea level at Sherman Summit, near Buford, farther west in Wyoming, the Interstate passes through the dry Red Desert and over the Continental Divide. I-80 enters Nebraska west of Bushnell, the western portion of I-80 in Nebraska runs very close to the state of Colorado, without entering the state. The intersection of I-76 and I-80 is visible from the Colorado–Nebraska state line, from its intersection with I-76 to Grand Island, I-80 lies in the valley of the South Platte River and the Platte River. Along this length, the road does not vary from a straight line by more than a few yards. After Lincoln, I-80 turns northeast towards Omaha and it then crosses the Missouri River in Omaha to enter the state of Iowa
5.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
6.
U.S. Route 199
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U. S. Route 199 is a U. S. highway in the U. S. states of California and Oregon. The highway was established in 1926 as a spur of U. S. Route 99, US199 stretches 80 miles from U. S. Route 101 near Crescent City, California northeast to Interstate 5 in Grants Pass, Oregon. The highway is the portion of the Redwood Highway. In Oregon, US199 is officially known as Redwood Highway No.25, the majority of the road in California is the Smith River Scenic Byway, a National Forest Scenic Byway. This route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System. The first roadway, a road, from Crescent City was established in May 1858, and before the US199 designation was applied to the highway. US199 begins at an interchange with US101 northeast of Crescent City. The highway quickly enters the Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, climbs over a ridge, crosses the Smith River, upon leaving the tunnel, US199 descends alongside the small Broken Kettle Creek into the Elk Valley and crosses into Oregon. US199 leaves the national forest as it enters Oregon and descends into the Illinois Valley, passing OBrien, north of Cave Junction, US199 leaves the Illinois River, which curves west towards the ocean, and follows several small creeks past Selma to Hayes Hill Summit. The highway descends from the summit alongside Slate Creek past Wonder and Wilderville and ends up in the Rogue River Valley, south of downtown Grants Pass, US199 meets OR99 and OR238 and splits at a partial interchange. Both of these are signed in both directions as US199, while signage on US199 itself at the only shows OR99 north for the mainline through downtown. On I-5, exit 55 is marked as US199, the older route through downtown is a one-way pair on Sixth and Seventh Streets, entirely overlapping OR99 to I-5 exit 58, where OR99 continues with I-5 to the north. The Caveman Bridge, a concrete arch bridge built in 1927, carries Sixth Street over the Rogue River. The Grants Pass Parkway also crosses the river on a bridge built in 1990, before that bypass was completed. Soon after the old and new routes join, the ends at a trumpet interchange with I-5. By 1854, when it was incorporated, Crescent City had a population of 800, the Crescent City and Yreka Plank and Turnpike Company was incorporated at a meeting on June 10, and a survey was completed in October, but work stopped with the Panic of 1855. The corporation was revived in December 1856 as the Crescent City Plank Road and Turnpike Company, began construction of a road in 1857. There it turned northeast, following the Illinois River and branches past OBrien, the final stretch ran easterly to Jacksonville via Wilderville, along the present US199, Fish Hatchery Road, and OR238
7.
Crescent City, California
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Crescent City is the county seat and only incorporated city in Del Norte County, California. Named for the stretch of sandy beach south of the city, Crescent City had a total population of 7,643 in the 2010 census. The population includes inmates at Pelican Bay State Prison, also within the city limits, the city is also the site of the Redwood National Park headquarters, as well as the historic Battery Point Light. Due to the richness of the local Pacific Ocean waters and the related catch, the city is located on the Pacific coast in the upper northwestern part of California, about 20 miles south of the Oregon border. Crescent Citys offshore geography makes it susceptible to tsunamis. Much of the city was destroyed by four tsunami waves generated by the Good Friday earthquake off Anchorage, more recently, the citys harbor suffered extensive damage and destruction due to tsunamis generated by the March 11,2011 earthquake off Sendai, Japan. Several dozen vessels and many of the docks they were moored to were destroyed as wave cycles related to the tsunamis exceeded 8 feet and its climate is also very moderate, with very cool summers for its latitude as a result of intense maritime moderation. Nearby inland areas behind the mountains have significantly warmer summers, the area that is now known as Del Norte County was and still is inhabited by the Yurok and Tolowa Nations of indigenous peoples. The first European American to explore this land was pioneer Jedediah Smith in the early 19th century and he was the first European American to reach the area overland on foot in a time before the European Americans knew anything about such a distant territory. For him it was literally Lands End — where the American continent ended at the Pacific Ocean, in 1855 Congress authorized the building of a lighthouse at the battery point which is still functioning as a historical landmark. European explorers first visited the now known as Crescent City by ship in the late-1820s. Europeans began moving to the area in the 1850s, Crescent City was incorporated as a city in 1854. Crescent City was the name of a 113-ton schooner built in 1848 by Joshua T. Foster of Medford, the Brother Jonathan a paddle steamer crashed on uncharted rock near Point St. George, off the coast of Crescent City, California, on 30 July 1865. The SS Emidio was a 6912-ton tanker of the General Petroleum Corporation, the abandoned tanker drifted north and broke up on the rocks off Crescent City. The remaining pieces of the ship are now California Historical Landmark #497, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.415 square miles, of which 1.963 square miles is land and 0.452 square miles is water. Fishing and crabbing, tourism, and timber are the sources of income in the city. The mouth of Elk Creek, where it flows into the Pacific Ocean, is in Crescent City. Its nearest Californian place of any size to its interior is Happy Camp separated by roughly 42 miles by air, the nearest city is fellow coastal city Brookings, around 20 miles to its north
8.
U.S. Route 20
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U. S. Route 20 is an east–west United States highway. The 0 in its number indicates that US20 is a coast-to-coast route. Spanning 3,365 miles, it is the longest road in the United States, there is a discontinuity in the official designation of US20 through Yellowstone National Park, with unnumbered roads used to traverse the park. It and US30 break the general U. S. Route numbering rules in Oregon, since US30 actually starts north of US20, the two overlap and continue in the correct positioning near Caldwell, Idaho. This is because US20 was not a planned coast-to-coast route while US30 was, US20 originally ended at the eastern entrance of Yellowstone Park, it was extended in 1940. The highways eastern terminus is in Boston, Massachusetts, at Kenmore Square and its western terminus is in Newport, Oregon, at an intersection with US101, within a mile of the Pacific Ocean. The highway passes through the states, US20 begins at an intersection with US101 in Newport, Oregon. It eventually overlaps with US26 in Vale, and the two roads continue concurrently to the Idaho border, US20 crosses into Idaho from Oregon northwest of Parma. It runs concurrently with US26 and joins US95 through Parma, US 20/US26 leaves US95 southeast of Parma and runs to Caldwell where US 20/US26 joins with I-84 and US30 for a short time. It continues into and across Camas County through Fairfield to Timmerman Junction, the intersection in Blaine County with State Highway 75, the route to Sun Valley, Galena Summit, and Stanley. US20 continues east through Picabo and Carey, joined with US26 and US93, to Craters of the Moon and Arco, where US93 splits off and turns north-northwest to climb the Big Lost River valley. US20 then climbs through the communities of St. Anthony, Ashton, and Island Park, in the state of Montana, US20 runs for less than 10 miles. It runs from the Idaho state line to West Yellowstone, Montana, US20 is known as the Targhee Pass Highway in Montana. In the state of Wyoming, the segment of US20 starts at the eastern entrance to Yellowstone National Park along with the western termini of US14. These three routes run east to Greybull, where US14 continues east and US 16/US20 turns south, at Worland, US20 joins US26 in Shoshoni, where it turns east. In Casper it joins I-25 and US87 and these four routes stay combined to Orin, where US20 turns east. At its intersection with I-25, US18 begins, US18 and US20 are concurrent from Orin to Lusk. US18 separates there and US20 runs east into Nebraska, in the state of Nebraska, US20 runs from west of Harrison to South Sioux City on the Missouri River
9.
U.S. Route 26
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U. S. Route 26 is an east–west United States highway. It started in Ogallala, Nebraska, and gradually grew to reach the West Coast in Oregon, when the U. S. highway system was first defined, it was limited to Nebraska and Wyoming, by the 1950s, it continued into Idaho and Oregon. The highways eastern terminus is in Ogallala, Nebraska at an intersection with Interstate 80 and its western terminus is south of Seaside, Oregon at an intersection with U. S. Route 101. Much of the highway follows the path of the historic Oregon Trail, at its peak, immediately before the establishment of the interstate highway system, US26 was 1,557 miles in length, and terminated in Astoria, Oregon. Starting at a junction with U. S. Highway 101 near Seaside, Oregon, in the western Portland area, US26 is a freeway known as the Sunset Highway. 26, a divided highway that was supposed to be the Mount Hood Freeway. After passing through Sandy, Highway 26 continues on towards Government Camp and Bennett Pass, the Mount Hood Highway continues north along Oregon Route 35, while Highway 26 heads southeast towards Madras, where it intersects with U. S. Route 97. It then continues southeast to Prineville, where it meets Oregon Route 126, the remainder of Highway 26 follows U. S. Route 20 to the Idaho state line. From the Oregon state line, U. S.26 continues to follow U. S.20 to Boise, with short multiplexes with U. S. Highway 95 near Parma and Interstate 84 at Caldwell. 20 merges with I-84 for about 40 miles until Mountain Home, where U. S.20 splits from U. S. 26/I-84. About 41 miles later in Bliss, U. S.26 splits from I-84 for 66 miles until again joining U. S.20 at Carey, skirting the north edge of Craters of the Moon National Monument. From Alpine, US26 is co-signed with U. S. Route 89 east and north to Hoback Junction, then co-signed with US89, U. S. Route 189, and U. S. Route 191 to Jackson. US189 ends in Jackson, and the three highways continue their concurrency through Grand Teton National Park up to Moran. At Glacier View Turnout, a view of Teton Glacier, on the north of Grand Teton, at Moran, US26 turns east, concurrent with U. S. Route 287. From Shoshoni to Casper, US26 is co-signed with U. S. Highway 20, US 20-26 has a bypass north of Casper, the eastern half of which is concurrent with Interstate 25 and U. S. Route 87. US 20-26-87 parallels I-25 from Casper to Glenrock, east of Glenrock, US26 follows I-25 to Dwyer Junction, where it turns east to continue along the Old Oregon Trail. US26 passes through Guernsey, Fort Laramie, Lingle, U. S. Route 85 is concurrent with US26 between Lingle and Torrington. US26 runs southeastward parallel to the North Platte River, the largest city US26 runs through in Nebraska is Scottsbluff, which is just 22 miles from the Wyoming border
10.
Seaside, Oregon
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Seaside is a city in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. The name Seaside is derived from Seaside House, a summer resort built in the 1870s by railroad magnate Ben Holladay. The citys population was 6,457 at the 2010 census, the Clatsop were an historic Native American tribe that had a village named Ne-co-tat in this area. Indigenous peoples had inhabited the coastal area. About January 1,1806, a group of men from the Lewis, the city was not incorporated until February 17,1899, when coastal resort areas were being settled. It is about 79 miles by car northwest of Portland, Oregon, in 1912, Alexandre Gilbert was elected Mayor of Seaside. Gilbert was a French immigrant, a veteran of the Franco Prussian War, after living in San Francisco, California and Astoria, Oregon, Gilbert moved to Seaside where he had a beach cottage. Gilbert was a real estate developer who donated land to the City of Seaside for its one-and-a-half-mile-long Promenade, or Prom, in 1892 he added to his beach cottage. Nearly 100 years later, what was known as the Gilbert House was operated commercially as the Gilbert Inn since the mid-1980s, both it and Gilberts eponymous Gilbert Block office building on Broadway still survive. Gilbert died at home in Seaside and is interred in Ocean View Abbey Mausoleum in Warrenton. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.14 square miles. Seaside lies on the edge of the Pacific Ocean, at the end of the Clatsop Plains. The city is developed on both sides of the Necanicum River, which flows to the ocean at the northern edge. Tillamook Head towers over the edge of the city. The geography associated with the slope of the broad sandy beaches of Clatsop Spit provide excellent conditions for the formation of beds of millions of Pacific razor clams annually. The razor clams attract thousands of visitors to Seaside Beach each year, Seaside has a typical Pacific Northwest coastal climate, receiving rainy winters and mild-to-cool summers. Mean high temperature in the warmest month, August, is roughly 68 °F, part of Seaside is located in a tsunami inundation zone. As of January 2017, there are 119 barrels within volunteer households, seismologists estimate that there is a one in three chance that Seaside will be hit by an earthquake and tsunami within the next fifty years
11.
U.S. Route 30
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U. S. Route 30 is an east–west main route of the system of United States Numbered Highways, with the highway traveling across the northern tier of the country. It is the third longest U. S. route, after U. S. Route 20, the western end of the highway is at Astoria, Oregon, the eastern end is in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Despite long stretches of parallel and concurrent Interstate Highways, it has managed to avoid the decommissioning that has happened to other long haul routes such as U. S. Route 66. Much of the historic Lincoln Highway, the first road across America, became part of US30, it is still known by that name in many areas. The west end of US30 is at an intersection with U. S. Route 101 at the end of the Astoria–Megler Bridge in downtown Astoria, Oregon. It heads east to Portland, where it uses a section of freeway built for the canceled Interstate 505. From there it heads around the side of downtown on Interstate 405. Most of the rest of the route is concurrent with I-84, with only about 70 miles, under 1/5 of its length, off the freeway. Upon entering Idaho, US30 runs along its old route through Fruitland. It leaves at Bliss and soon crosses the Snake River, running south of it through Twin Falls and Burley before crossing it again, at the split with Interstate 86, US30 continues east with I-86 almost to its end at Pocatello. US30 cuts southeast through downtown Pocatello to Interstate 15, where it heads south to McCammon, there it exits and heads east and southeast, not parallel to an Interstate for the first time since Portland, into Wyoming. The Thousand Springs Scenic Byway is a section of old US30 in southern Idaho between the towns of Bliss and Buhl, dipping down into the Hagerman Valley and a canyon of the Snake River. These springs are outlets from the Snake River Aquifer, which flows through thousands of miles of porous volcanic rock and is one of the largest groundwater systems in the world. The aquifer is believed to be fed by the Lost River which disappears into lava flows near Arco, in Wyoming, US30 heads southeast through Kemmerer to Granger, where it joins Interstate 80 across southern Wyoming. It is also here that it joins the historic Lincoln Highway, from the state line to Grand Island, US30 closely parallels I-80. East of Grand Island, US30 diverges from I-80 and runs northeast towards Columbus on a parallel to the Platte River. At Columbus, it turns east towards Schuyler and Fremont and crosses the Missouri River into Iowa east of Blair, US30 crosses Iowa from west to east approximately 20 miles north of Interstate 80. Between Missouri Valley and Denison, the runs in a southwest-to-northeast direction
12.
Astoria, Oregon
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Astoria is the seat of Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Situated near the mouth of the Columbia River, the city was named after the American investor John Jacob Astor and his American Fur Company founded Fort Astoria at the site in 1811,206 years ago. Astoria was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on October 20,1876 and it holds the distinction of being the first permanent United States settlement on the Pacific coast and for having the first U. S. post office west of the Rocky Mountains. Located on the shore of the Columbia River, the city is served by the deepwater Port of Astoria. The population was 9,477 at the 2010 census, the Lewis and Clark Expedition spent the winter of 1805–06 at Fort Clatsop, a small log structure south and west of modern-day Astoria. The expedition had hoped a ship would come by to take them back east, today the fort has been recreated and is now a historical park. In 1811, British explorer David Thompson, the first person known to have navigated the length of the Columbia River. He arrived just two months after the Pacific Fur Companys ship, the Tonquin, the fort constructed by the Tonquin party established Astoria as a U. S. rather than a British, settlement. It became a vital post for American exploration of the continent and was used as an American claim in the Oregon boundary dispute with European nations. The Pacific Fur Company, a subsidiary of John Jacob Astors American Fur Company, was created to begin fur trading in the Oregon Country, during the War of 1812, in 1813, the companys officers sold its assets to their Canadian rivals, the North West Company. The fur trade would remain under British control until U. S. pioneers following the Oregon Trail began filtering into the town in the mid-1840s, the Treaty of 1818 established joint U. S. – British occupancy of the Oregon Country, in 1846, the Oregon Treaty divided the mainland at the 49th parallel north, and the southern portion of Vancouver Island south of this line was awarded to the British. Washington Irving, a prominent American writer with a European reputation, was approached by John Jacob Astor to mythologize the three-year reign of his Pacific Fur Company, Astoria, written while Irving was Astors guest, cemented the importance of the region in the American psyche. The first U. S. post office west of the Rocky Mountains was established in Astoria in 1847, Astoria attracted a host of immigrants beginning in the late 19th century, Nordic settlers, primarily Finns, and Chinese soon became larger parts of the population. By the late 1800s, 22% of Astorias population was Chinese, in 1883, and again in 1922, downtown Astoria was devastated by fire, partly because it was mostly wood and entirely raised off the marshy ground on pilings. Even after the first fire, the format was used. Frantic citizens resorted to dynamite, blowing up entire buildings to stop the fire from going further, Astorias economy centered on fishing, fish processing, and lumber. The lumber industry declined, Astoria Plywood Mill, the citys largest employer, closed in 1989
13.
U.S. Route 12
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U. S. Route 12 is an east–west United States highway, running from Aberdeen, Washington to Detroit, Michigan, for almost 2,500 miles. As a thoroughfare, it has mostly supplanted by I-90 and I-94. The western terminus of US12 is located in Aberdeen, Washington. In the 1960s, a portion of US12 was moved north to the town of Morton, the old two-lane highway now bears the name Wine Country Road. The highway loosely follows the eastbound leg of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, between Wallula, Washington and Clarkston, Washington, thus being marked as part of the Lewis and Clark Trail. The east end of the highway in the state is at Clarkston, the Washington section of US12, other than a concurrency with Interstate 5, is defined at Washington Revised Code §47.17.055. US12 enters the state at Lewiston, crossing the Snake River from Clarkston, Washington and it ascends the Clearwater River, concurrent with US95 for 7 miles. It continues up the Lochsa and climbs to Lolo Pass at the Montana border and this portion of the highway is also designated as part of the Lewis and Clark Trail. Most of the highway in Idaho is within the Clearwater National Forest, the eastern section of US12, through remote mountain forest and up to Lolo Pass, was built in the early 1960s, making US12 the last US highway constructed. No services are available between Lowell and Powell, about 70 miles further east, on two-lane portions of the road, the equipment, weighing as much as 300 tons and as much as 30 feet high and 24 feet wide, would occupy the entire roadway. The route is preferable to other routes due to the lack of underpasses, the alternative is transport across the Great Plains from Texas or New Orleans On U. S.12, the major obstacle would be power lines which would have to be raised or buried. That and other alterations to the such as turnouts would be paid for by the companies. The trucks would transport only at night, moving short distances between places where they would pull off and let traffic pass, a permit granted by the Idaho Transportation Department to ConocoPhillips in August 2010 is the subject of litigation initiated by householders along the route. On January 19,2011 it was announced that the Idaho government would issue permits for four loads of equipment to be transported from Lewiston to Billings. US12 in Montana has been defined as the Lewis and Clark Highway, despite not being the route followed by Lewis, US 12s 592 miles through Montanas mountains and plains is the greatest distance that US12 traverses through any state. The highway enters Montana at Lolo Pass, seven miles southwest of Lolo Hot Springs in the Lolo National Forest, US12 continues northeast through Missoulas downtown, eventually meeting I-90. It then overlaps I-90 for 69 miles, until Garrison, where it heads east toward Helena for 48.8 miles, US12 passes over Interstate 15 at which, point it joins US287 south. US12 overlaps US287 and heads southeast, toward Townsend for 33.4 miles, where it splits from US287, US287 culminates 121 miles, in Yellowstone National Park
14.
Aberdeen, Washington
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Aberdeen /ˈæbərdiːn/ is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 16,896 at the 2010 census, the city is the economic center of Grays Harbor County, bordering the cities of Hoquiam and Cosmopolis. Aberdeen is called the Gateway to the Olympic Peninsula, Aberdeen was founded by Samuel Benn in 1884 and incorporated on May 12,1890. Although it became the largest and best-known city in Grays Harbor, Aberdeen lagged behind nearby Hoquiam, west built the towns first sawmill in 1894, the other two municipalities had been in business for several years. Hoquiam and Aberdeen citizens together built a spur, and in 1895, by 1900, Aberdeen had many saloons, whorehouses, and gambling establishments populating the area. Aberdeen was nicknamed The Hellhole of the Pacific, or The Port of Missing Men, one notable resident was Billy Gohl, known locally as Billy Ghoul, who was rumored to have killed at least 140 men. Gohl was convicted of two murders, during the Great Depression, Aberdeen was hit hard, reducing the number of major sawmills from 37 to 9. The timber industry continued to boom, but by the late 1970s most of the timber had been logged, most of the mills were closing down by the 1970s and 1980s. Aberdeen is at the end of Grays Harbor, near the mouth of the Chehalis River. Grays Harbor is notable as the northernmost ria on North Americas Pacific Coast because it has remained free of glaciers throughout the Quaternary due to unfavorable topography and warm temperatures. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 12.36 square miles. Aberdeen experiences a climate on the boundary between Mediterranean and oceanic, although the rainfall is extremely high between October and March, July and August still have a distinct excess of evaporation over rainfall. Temperatures are generally mild due to the proximity of the warm Pacific Ocean. Occasionally, southeasterly winds can cause high temperatures. For example, in August 1981, the temperature in Aberdeen reached 105 °F, as of the census of 2010, there were 16,896 people,6,476 households, and 4,020 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,586.5 inhabitants per square mile, there were 7,338 housing units at an average density of 689.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 80. 4% White,0. 8% African American,3. 7% Native American,1. 9% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,8. 0% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 8% of the population,29. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
15.
Tumwater, Washington
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Tumwater /ˈtʌmˌwɑːtər/ is a city in Thurston County, Washington, United States. It lies near where the Deschutes River enters Budd Inlet, the southernmost point of Puget Sound, the population was 17,371 at the 2010 census. Thurston County, which includes, among others, the cities of Lacey, Olympia, Tumwater is located at 47°0′28″N 122°54′40″W. The city that borders Tumwater is Olympia, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.49 square miles, of which,14.32 square miles is land and 0.17 square miles is water. This region experiences warm and dry summers, with average temperatures between 71.6 °F and 98.1 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Tumwater has a Very warm-summer Mediterranean climate, based on per capita income, one of the more reliable measures of affluence, Tumwater ranks 89th of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked. It is also the highest rank in Thurston County, as of the census of 2010, there were 17,371 people,7,566 households, and 4,460 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,213.1 inhabitants per square mile, there were 8,064 housing units at an average density of 563.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 85. 0% White,1. 7% African American,1. 2% Native American,4. 8% Asian,0. 5% Pacific Islander,1. 6% from other races, and 5. 2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6. 2% of the population,31. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the family size was 2.83. The median age in the city was 35 years. 27% of residents were under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24,31. 7% were between the ages of 25 and 44,26. 8% from 45 to 64, and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 7% male and 52. 3% female, as of the 2000 census, there were 12,698 people,5,659 households, and 3,253 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,276.1 people per square mile, there were 5,953 housing units at an average density of 598.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 88. 41% White,1. 39% African American,1. 24% Native American,3. 90% Asian,0. 36% Pacific Islander,1. 50% from other races, and 3. 21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 08% of the population,33. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the family size was 2.82
16.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
17.
Oregon
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Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Washington, on the south by California, on the east by Idaho, the Columbia River delineates much of Oregons northern boundary, and the Snake River delineates much of the eastern boundary. The parallel 42° north delineates the boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Western traders, explorers. An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848, Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14,1859. Today, at 98,000 square miles, Oregon is the ninth largest and, with a population of 4 million, the capital of Oregon is Salem, the second most populous of its cities, with 164,549 residents. Portland is Oregons most populous city, with 632,309 residents, Portlands metro population of 2,389,228 ranks the 23rd largest metro in the nation. The Willamette Valley in western Oregon is the states most densely populated area, the tall conifers, mainly Douglas fir, along Oregons rainy west coast contrast with the lighter-timbered and fire-prone pine and juniper forests covering portions to the east. Abundant alders in the west fix nitrogen for the conifers, stretching east from central Oregon are semi-arid shrublands, prairies, deserts, steppes, and meadows. At 11,249 feet, Mount Hood is the states highest point, Oregons only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae. Because of its landscapes and waterways, Oregons economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing. It is also the top timber-producer of the lower 48 states, Technology is another one of the states major economic forces, which began in the 1970s with the establishment of the Silicon Forest and the expansion of Tektronix and Intel. Sportswear company Nike, Inc. headquartered in Beaverton, is the states largest public corporation with a revenue of $30.6 billion. The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins and this chronicle is the first topographical and linguistic source with respect to the place name Oregon. There are also two other sources with Spanish origins such as the name Oregano which grows in the part of the region. Another early use of the name, spelled Ouragon, was in a 1765 petition by Major Robert Rogers to the Kingdom of Great Britain, the term referred to the then-mythical River of the West. By 1778 the spelling had shifted to Oregon, in his 1765 petition, Rogers wrote, The rout. is from the Great Lakes towards the Head of the Mississippi, and from thence to the River called by the Indians Ouragon
18.
Washington (state)
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It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles, and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the states highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States. Washington is a leading lumber producer and its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, the Washington Territory was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The area was part of a region called the Columbia District after the Columbia River. The area was renamed Washington in order to avoid confusion with the District of Columbia, Washington is the only U. S. state named after a president. To distinguish it from the U. S. capital, which is named for George Washington, Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State, or, in more formal contexts. Washingtonians and other residents of the Pacific Northwest refer to the state simply as Washington, calling the nations capital Washington, D. C. or, often, Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part, to the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean. The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state, from the Cascade Mountains westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains, from the north to the south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 miles south of the city of Seattle and it is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula and these deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. Eastern Washington – the part of the state east of the Cascades – has a dry climate. It includes large areas of steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, with annual rainfall increasing as one goes east to 21.2 inches in Pullman, the Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state
19.
United States Numbered Highway System
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The United States Numbered Highway System is an integrated network of roads and highways numbered within a nationwide grid in the contiguous United States. The route numbers and locations are coordinated by the American Association of State Highway, the only federal involvement in AASHTO is a nonvoting seat for the United States Department of Transportation. Generally, north-to-south highways are odd-numbered, with lowest numbers in the east, the area of the thirteen states of the United States. Similarly, east-to-west highways are typically even-numbered, with the lowest numbers in the north, where roads were first improved most intensively, major north–south routes have numbers ending in 1 while major east–west routes have numbers ending in 0. Three-digit numbered highways are spur routes of parent highways but are not necessarily connected to their parents, some divided routes exist to provide two alignments for one route, even though many splits have been eliminated. Special routes, usually posted with a banner, can provide various routes, such as an alternate, bypass or business route, Routes were designated, auto trails designated by auto trail associations were the main means of marking roads through the United States. In 1925, the Joint Board on Interstate Highways, recommended by the American Association of State Highway Officials, after several meetings, a final report was approved by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in November 1925. They received complaints from across the country about the assignment of routes, so the Board made several modifications, as a result of compromises made to get the U. S. Highway System approved, many routes were divided, with alignments to serve different towns. In subsequent years, AASHTO called for such splits in U. S, expansion of the system continued until 1956, when the Interstate Highway System was formed. After construction was completed, many U. S, Routes were replaced by Interstate Highways for through traffic. Highways still form many important regional connections, and new routes are still being added, Routes do not have a minimum design standard, unlike the later Interstate Highways, and are not usually built to freeway standards. Many are designated using the streets of the cities and towns through which they run. New additions to the system, however, must substantially meet the current AASHTO design standards, as of 1989, the United States Numbered Highways system has a total length of 157,724 miles. Except for toll bridges and tunnels, very few U. S. AASHTO policy says that a road may only be included as a special route. U. S. Route 3 meets this obligation, in New Hampshire, but US Routes in the system do use parts of four toll roads, US51 uses part of the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway in Illinois, the old road is Illinois Route 251. US278 uses the tolled Cross Island Parkway in South Carolina, US412 uses the Cimarron Turnpike in Oklahoma, the old road is US64. US412 also uses the Cherokee Turnpike in Oklahoma, the old road is Alternate US412, Routes follow a simple grid in the contiguous United States, in which odd-numbered routes run generally north to south and even-numbered routes run generally east to west
20.
West Coast of the United States
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The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. As a region, this term most often refers to the states of California. More specifically, it refers to an area defined on the east by the Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada and Mojave Desert, the U. S. Census groups the five states of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii together as the Pacific States division. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the Census Bureaus Pacific Region was approximately 47.8 million – about 15. 3% of US population. The largest city on the west coast of the United States is Los Angeles, small isolated groups of hunter-gatherers migrated alongside herds of large herbivores far into Alaska. Between 16,500 BCE and 13,500 BCE, ice-free corridors developed along the Pacific coast and valleys of North America, Alaska Natives, indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, and California indigenous peoples eventually descended from the Paleo-Indians. They developed various languages and established trade routes, later, Spanish, British, French, Russian, and American explorers and settlers began colonizing the area. The West Coast of the United States has a climate in its Northern edge towards the Canada–US border. The coastline sees significantly mild temperatures when compared to the areas during summer. In far Northern California there is a difference of 17 °C between Eurekas and Willow Creek in spite of only 25 miles separating the locations and Willow Creek being located at a 500 metres elevation, coastal fog is also prevalent in keeping shoreline temperatures cool. Since the West Coast has been populated by more recently than the East Coast. Additionally, its demographic composition underlies its cultural difference from the rest of the United States. Californias history first as a major Spanish colony, and later Mexican territory, has given the lower West Coast a distinctive Hispanic tone, which it also shares with the rest of the Southwest. Similarly, two of the three cities in which Asian Americans have concentrated, San Francisco and Los Angeles, are located on the West Coast, San Franciscos Chinatown, the oldest in North America, is a vibrant cultural center. The West Coast also has a large share of green cities within the United States. Other writers, like Jean Baudrillard, Mike Davis, and Umberto Eco, have made related statements on Californian culture, in the Northwest, Portland and Seattle are both considered among the coffee capitals of the world. While Starbucks originated in Seattle, both towns are known for coffee roasters and independent coffeeshops. In the Pacific Northwest at large, which includes the Canadian west coast, the culture has significantly shaped by the environment, especially by its forests, mountains
21.
El Camino Real (California)
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The meaning of the term Camino Real has in fact changed over time. In earlier Spanish colonial times, any road under the jurisdiction of the Spanish crown. Examples of such roads ran between principal settlements throughout Spain and its colonies such as New Spain, most caminos reales had names apart from the appended camino real. Once Mexico won its independence from Spain, no road in Mexico, the name was rarely used after that and was only revived in the American period in connection with the boosterism associated with the Mission Revival movement of the early 20th century. The original route began in Baja California Sur, Mexico, at the site of Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó. Today, many streets throughout California that either follow or run parallel to this route still bear the El Camino Real name. Some of the route has also been continually upgraded until it is now part of the modern California freeway system. The original route is traced by a series of commemorative bell markers. Between 1683 and 1834, Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries established a series of outposts from todays Baja California. In Alta California, El Camino Real followed two routes, established by the first two Spanish exploratory expeditions of the region. The first was the Portolá Expedition of 1769, the expedition party included Franciscan missionaries, led by Junípero Serra. Starting from Loreto, Serra established the first of the 21 missions at San Diego, Serra stayed at San Diego and Juan Crespí continued the rest of the way with Gaspar de Portolá. Proceeding north, Portolá followed the coastline, except where forced inland by coastal cliffs, eventually, the expedition was prevented from going farther north by the entrance to San Francisco Bay, the Golden Gate. Crespí identified several future mission sites which were not developed until later, on the return trip to San Diego, Gaspar de Portolá found a shorter detour around one stretch of coastal cliffs via Conejo Valley. Portolá journeyed again from San Diego to Monterey in 1770, where Junipero Serra founded the second mission (later moved a distance south to Carmel. Carmel became Serras Alta California mission headquarters, the second Juan Bautista de Anza expedition, entering Alta California from the southeast picked up Portolás trail at Mission San Gabriel. De Anzas scouts found easier traveling in several valleys, rather than staying on the rugged coast. On his journey north, de Anza traveled the San Fernando Valley and this became the preferred route, and more closely corresponds to the officially recognized El Camino Real
22.
Spanish missions in California
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The missions were part of a major effort by the Spanish Empire to extend colonization into the most northern and western parts of Spains North American claims. Following a long-term secular and religious policy of Spain in Latin America, Mexico achieved independence in 1821, taking Alta California along with it, but the missions maintained authority over native neophytes and control of vast land holdings until the 1830s. At the peak of its development in 1832, the mission system controlled an area equal to approximately one-sixth of Alta California. The Alta California government secularized the missions after the passage of the Mexican secularization act of 1833 and this divided the mission lands into land grants, which became many of the Ranchos of California. In the end, the missions had mixed results in their objectives, to convert, educate, today, the surviving mission buildings are the states oldest structures, and its most-visited historic monuments. Prior to 1754, grants of lands were made directly by the Spanish Crown. The missions were to be interconnected by a route which later became known as the Camino Real. The detailed planning and direction of the missions was to be carried out by Friar Junípero Serra, work on the coastal mission chain was concluded in 1823, completed after Serras death in 1784. Plans to build a mission in Santa Rosa in 1827 were canceled. The Santa Ysabel Asistencia had been founded in 1818 as a mother mission, in addition to the presidio and pueblo, the misión was one of the three major agencies employed by the Spanish sovereign to extend its borders and consolidate its colonial territories. Each frontier station was forced to be self-supporting, as existing means of supply were inadequate to maintain a colony of any size. California was months away from the nearest base in colonized Mexico, to sustain a mission, the padres required converted Native Americans, called neophytes, to cultivate crops and tend livestock in the volume needed to support a fair-sized establishment. The scarcity of imported materials, together with a lack of skilled laborers, compelled the missionaries to employ simple building materials, although the missions were considered temporary ventures by the Spanish hierarchy, the development of an individual settlement was not simply a matter of priestly whim. The padres blessed the site, and with the aid of their military escort fashioned temporary shelters out of tree limbs or driven stakes and it was these simple huts that ultimately gave way to the stone and adobe buildings that exist to the present. The first priority when beginning a settlement was the location and construction of the church, once the spot for the church had been selected, its position was marked and the remainder of the mission complex was laid out. The cuadrángulo was rarely a perfect square because the missionaries had no surveying instruments at their disposal and it was a doctrine established in 1531, which based the Spanish states right over the land and persons of the Indies on the Papal charge to evangelize them. It was employed wherever the indigenous populations were not already concentrated in native pueblos, the civilized and disciplined culture of the natives, developed over 8,000 year, was not considered. A total of 146 Friars Minor, mostly Spaniards by birth, were ordained as priests, sixty-seven missionaries died at their posts, while the remainder returned to Europe due to illness, or upon completing their ten-year service commitment
23.
Presidio
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A presidio is a fortified base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence. The term is derived from the Latin word praesidium meaning protection or defense, the fortresses were built to protect against pirates, hostile Native Americans, and colonists from enemy nations. In western North America, a rancho del rey or kings ranch would be established a short distance outside a presidio and this was a tract of land assigned to the presidio to furnish pasturage to the horses and other beasts of burden of the garrison. Mexico called this facility rancho nacional, the Presidio Bahía San José de Valladares, founded in 1701 on St. Joseph Bay, captured by French in 1718. Its rancho del rey was what became Rancho Nacional and it is currently housing the Defense Language Institute, in Monterey The Presidio Real de San Diego, founded in 1769 in San Diego, its rancho del rey was what became Rancho de la Nación. The Presidio Real de San Francisco, founded in 1776 and now part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area in San Francisco and its rancho del rey was what became Rancho Buri Buri. The Presidio Real de Santa Bárbara, founded in 1782 in Santa Barbara and its rancho del rey was what became Rancho San Julian. The Presidio de Sonoma, founded by Mexico in 1836 in Sonoma and its rancho naciónal was what became Rancho Suscol. The Presidio del Pasaje, on Rio Nazas northwest of Cuencamé, the Presidio de San Pedro del Gallo, in San Pedro del Gallo. The Presidio de Santiago de Mapimí, in Mapimí, the Presidio de San Miguel de Cerrogordo in Villa Hidalgo. Chihuahua, The Presidio de El Paso del Río Grande del Norte, at Ciudad Juárez, across the river from El Paso, later relocated south in 1773 to Carrizal. The Presidio de San Felipe y Santiago de Janos, in Janos, the Presidio de Casas Grandes, was relocated to Janos in 1691. The Presidio de San Francisco de Conchos, founded in 1685 at San Francisco de Conchos, the Presidio de San Bartolomé, located 20 km east of Parral. Replaced by flying squadron operating from the Post of Valle de San Bartolomé, the Presidio, Bastion of the Spanish Borderlands. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press 1975, gerald, Rex 1968 Spanish Presidios of the Late Eighteenth Century in Northern New Spain. Museum of New Mexico Press, Santa Fe
24.
California State Route 1
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State Route 1 is a major north-south state highway that runs along most of the Pacific coastline of the U. S. state of California. At a total of just over 655.8 miles, it is the longest state route in California, Highway 1 has several portions designated as either Pacific Coast Highway, Cabrillo Highway, Shoreline Highway, or Coast Highway. Its southern terminus is at Interstate 5 near Dana Point in Orange County, Highway 1 also at times runs concurrently with US101, most notably through a 54-mile stretch in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, and across the Golden Gate Bridge. The highway is designated as an All-American Road, SR1 was built piecemeal in various stages, with the first section opening in the Big Sur region in the 1930s. However, portions of the route had several names and numbers over the years as more segments opened and it was not until the 1964 state highway renumbering that the entire route was officially designated as Highway 1. Highway 1 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System, however, only a few stretches between Los Angeles and San Francisco have officially been designated as a scenic highway. The Big Sur section from San Luis Obispo to Carmel is an official National Scenic Byway, the entire route is designated as a Blue Star Memorial Highway to recognize those in the United States armed forces. In Southern California, the California Legislature has designated the segment between Interstate 5 in Dana Point and US101 near Oxnard as the Pacific Coast Highway, the legislature has also designated the route as the Shoreline Highway between the Manzanita Junction near Marin City and Leggett. Smaller segments of the highway have been assigned other names by the state. The legislature has relinquished state control of segments within Dana Point, Newport Beach, Santa Monica, and Oxnard. The route annually helps bring several billion dollars to the tourism industry. Segments of Highway 1 range from a rural road to an urban freeway. Because of the former, long distance thru traffic traveling between the metropolitan areas are instead advised to use faster routes such as US101 or I-5. At its southernmost end in Orange County, Highway 1 terminates at I-5 in Capistrano Beach in Dana Point and it then travels west into the city center. After leaving Dana Point, Highway 1 continues northwest along the coast through Laguna Beach, Highway 1 then enters Newport Beach, where it is known as simply Coast Highway. Upon entering Huntington Beach, Highway 1 regains the Pacific Coast Highway designation and it passes Huntington State Beach and the southern terminus of California State Route 39 before reaching Bolsa Chica State Beach and the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve. PCH then continues along the coast into Seal Beach, the city on its journey in Orange County. PCH enters Los Angeles County and the city of Long Beach after crossing the San Gabriel River, Highway 1 then continues northwest through the city to its junction with Lakewood Boulevard and Los Coyotes Diagonal at the Los Alamitos Circle, more than 2 miles from the coast
25.
California County Routes in zone S
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There are 34 routes assigned to the S zone of the California Route Marker Program, which designates county routes in California. The S zone includes county highways in Imperial, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, County Route S1, also known as Sunrise Highway for a portion of its length, is a 34.08 mi long county route located entirely in San Diego County, California. It begins at SR94 near Barrett and moves northward across Interstate 8 and this segment is also known as Buckman Springs Road. North of I-8, it is the Sunrise Scenic Byway, a National Forest Scenic Byway, the route begins at SR94 near Barrett not far from the Mexican border. From there, it heads northward along Buckman Springs Road, soon afterwards, it enters the Cleveland National Forest. It then closely parallels I-8 for several miles, upon crossing the freeway at Laguna Junction, CR S1 separates from Old Highway 80 and becomes Sunrise Scenic Byway. From Interstate 8, it begins its ascent into the Laguna Mountains, the route here was built along a cliff overlooking Pine Valley to its west. Around here, the vegetation is still consisted of chaparral and sagebrush, as the route gains elevation through Cleveland National Forest, the route becomes more heavily forested. Around here, numerous campgrounds dot the side of the road, there exists a picnic area overlooking Anza-Borrego Desert State Park near the Burnt Rancheria Campground, which is often said to deeply contrast the forest scenery along the route. Upon passing the settlement of Laguna Mountain, the vegetation along the route consists of dead trees devastated by the 2003 Cedar Fire. As the route approaches its end at SR79, Lake Cuyamaca is visible. The north terminus is located just north of Cuyamaca Rancho State Park where it meets State Route 79, the route was established by the county in the year 1959, where the entire route was designated as it is now. No major numbering or routing changes occurred throughout its history, the northern segment of the route was also established as a Scenic Byway in 1959. County Route S2 is a county highway in the US state of California and it runs for 65 miles, north–south, in Imperial County and San Diego County. S2 is the third longest county route in California and is almost exclusively a rural road. It largely follows the route of the former Southern Emigrant Trail, the highway begins at a junction with State Route 98 in Ocotillo, California, and runs north through an interchange with Interstate 8. This part is also called Imperial Highway, the highway crosses into San Diego County and its name changes to Sweeney Pass Road. Farther north, the name of the changes to the Great Southern Overland Stage Route of 1849 at a remote junction
26.
Olympic Peninsula
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The Olympic Peninsula is the large arm of land in western Washington that lies across Puget Sound from Seattle. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the north by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Cape Alava, the westernmost point in the contiguous United States, and Cape Flattery, the northwesternmost point, are on the peninsula. Comprising about 3600 square miles, the Olympic Peninsula contained many of the last unexplored places in the contiguous United States and it remained largely unmapped until Arthur Dodwell and Theodore Rixon mapped most of its topography and timber resources between 1898 and 1900. The Olympic Peninsula is home to temperate forests, including the Hoh, Queets Rain Forest. The Olympic mountain range sits in the center of the Olympic Peninsula and this range is the second largest in Washington State. Its highest peak is Mt. Olympus, natural lakes on the peninsula including, Lake Crescent, Lake Ozette, Lake Sutherland, Lake Quinault, and Lake Pleasant. Two dammed rivers form the reservoirs of Lake Cushman and Wynoochee Lake, within the Olympic National Forest, there are five designated wilderness areas, The Brothers, Buckhorn, Colonel Bob, Mt. Skokomish, and Wonder Mountain. Just off the west coast is the Washington Islands Wilderness, clallam and Jefferson Counties, as well as the northern parts of Grays Harbor and Mason Counties, are on the peninsula. The Kitsap Peninsula, bounded by the Hood Canal and the Puget Sound, is an entirely separate peninsula and is not connected to the Olympic Peninsula. From Olympia, the capital, U. S. Route 101 runs along the Olympic Peninsulas southern edge. Most of the peninsula has a climate, or Cfb under the Köppen climate classification. Most populated areas, however, have a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, the Olympic Peninsula is represented in the U. S. House of Representatives by Derek Kilmer
27.
Port Angeles, Washington
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Port Angeles is a city in and the county seat of Clallam County, Washington, United States. With a population of 19,038 as of the 2010 census, the population was estimated at 19,448 in 2015 by the Office of Financial Management. The Citys harbor was dubbed Puerto de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles by Spanish explorer Francisco de Eliza in 1791, by the mid-19th century, after settlement by English speakers from the United States, the name was shortened and partially anglicized to its current form, Port Angeles Harbor. Port Angeles is home to Peninsula College and it is the birthplace of football hall of famer John Elway and residents include writers and artists. The city is served by William R. Fairchild International Airport, ferry service is provided across the Strait of Juan de Fuca to Victoria, British Columbia, Canada on the M/V Coho. This area was occupied by succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples. In 1791 the harbor was entered by Spanish explorer Francisco de Eliza and he was on an expedition from southern California. This name was shortened to the current one of Port Angeles, the first Europeans to the area tended to trade with the Native Americans. It was not until the 19th century that European Americans began to settle here, a small whaling, fishing and shipping village developed, which traded with Victoria, British Columbia. In 1856–1857, the first settlers arrived and they were followed by the Cherbourg Land Company in 1859, soon afterwards the site caught the attention of Victor Smith. Smith, a protege of Salmon Chase, was Collector of Customs for the Puget Sound District and he quickly gained approval to move the Port of Entry from Port Townsend to Port Angeles. With Chases support, he succeeded in getting President Abraham Lincoln to designate 3,520 acres at Port Angeles as a federal reserve for lighthouse, military. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers platted a town site on the reserve land. The fact that Washington, D. C. was the other city officially laid out by the federal government led the U. S. Board of Trade in 1890 to dub Port Angeles the Second National City, settlers soon followed slowly, but Smiths death in the sinking of the Brother Jonathen led to the loss of interest in the area. The Port of Entry was returned to Port Townsend and the area sank into obscurity until the 1880s, in 1884, a hotel was built and the trading post was expanded into the areas first general store. A wharf was built upon that site that the current ferry pier stands. A village of 300 in 1886, Port Angeles population grew to 3,000 by 1890, the town was incorporated in that year
28.
East Los Angeles Interchange
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The East Los Angeles Interchange complex is the busiest freeway interchange in the world, with its southern portion handling over 550,000 vehicles per day. The northern portion, called the San Bernardino Split, is considered a separate interchange. The interchange was named the Eugene A. Obregon Memorial Interchange, at the time of its construction in the early 1960s, the East Los Angeles Interchange was considered a civil engineering marvel. The Santa Ana Freeway continues west as U. S.101 toward the Four Level Interchange in downtown Los Angeles, interstate 10 is not contiguous through the interchange. Heading west into the complex on the San Bernardino Freeway, the road heads to U. S.101 at the San Bernardino Split. Heading west into the complex on the Pomona Freeway, the road heads into the Santa Monica Freeway. There is not complete freedom of movement within the interchange, traffic flowing into it on certain freeways cannot leave it on all of the others. Further complication is caused by the designs of each intersecting freeway. Some have four lanes and are straight and wide, while others have one lane, are narrow. Traffic congestion is exacerbated as vehicles moving at high speed on the wider transition roads try to merge with slower moving vehicles coming from the narrow transition roads. The interchange has also referred to as The Beast LA Interchange, the East Delay Interchange. California Roads portal Pictorial Guide to the Los Angeles Area Highways - East Los Angeles Interchange California @ AA Roads - US-101 North/East Los Angeles Interchange
29.
U.S. Route 1
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U. S. Route 1 is a major north–south U. S. Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. It runs 2,369 miles, from Fort Kent, Maine, at the Canada–US border, south to Key West, Florida, US1 is generally paralleled by Interstate 95, though the former is significantly farther west between Jacksonville, Florida, and Petersburg, Virginia. The highway connects most of the cities of the east coast, including Miami, Richmond, Washington. Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, and Boston, passing from the Southeastern United States to New England. While US1 is generally the easternmost of the main north–south U. S. Highways, part of US9, US13, US15, US17, US21, occupy corridors closer to the ocean. At the time, the farther east were of lower quality. At the time of its construction, US99 was its equivalent along the western coast of the United States, the rest of US1 in Florida is generally a four-lane divided highway, despite the existence of the newer I-95 not far away. State Road A1A is a continuous beachfront alternate to US1, cut only by assorted unbridged inlets, North of Jacksonville, US1 turns northwest towards Augusta, Georgia, US17 becomes the coastal route into Virginia, where US13 takes over. In Florida until the 1990s, US1 used high-contrast markers, the Georgia Department of Transportation has an ongoing plan to widen all of US1 to four lanes with bypasses which is more than 50 percent complete. Main articles, U. S. Route 1 in North and South Carolina In South Carolina, starting in South Carolina, US1 is paralleled by Interstate 20 along the Fall Line through Aiken, Lexington, and Columbia to Camden and Lugoff. US1 functions as a local road with occasional boulevard stretches. After SC9, it continues northward into North Carolina as a two-lane highway, SCDOT has no plans to widen or bypass any US1 alignments northeast of Camden to the North Carolina line. US1 goes through downtown Rockingham, with a bypass in the future plans, North of the NC177 junction, it becomes four lanes or greater, becoming a super-street with limited access and then becoming a limited access freeway. US1 becomes a major artery for the state as it moves north of Rockingham, after Richmond County, it goes into Moore County with two expressway bypasses in Southern Pines, Vass and Cameron. US1 continues with the Jefferson Davis Highway label through Lee County and Sanford, US1 runs concurrently with US64 through most of Cary, where the freeway recently underwent a major renovation and improvements that added lanes in both directions. North of Raleigh, US1 crosses Interstate 540 and then becomes a four-lane divided arterial to Interstate 85 near Henderson. The North Carolina Department of Transportation has begun a study for this section of US1. Moreover, NCDOT is planning to finish four-laning US1 in Richmond County past NC177 with a Rockingham bypass to the east, there are no plans from SCDOT to widen US1 from the state line
30.
U.S. Route 99
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It was assigned in 1926 and existed until it was replaced for the most part by Interstate 5. Known also as the Golden State Highway and The Main Street of California, large portions are now Californias State Route 99, Oregon Route 99, 99W, 99E and Washingtons SR99. The highway connected to British Columbia Highway 99 at the Canada–US border, the former route of U. S. Route 99 in Oregon mostly follows routes currently signed as Oregon Route 99, 99E, and 99W. The primary exception is from the California–Oregon state border north to Ashland, Oregon, the former route is coterminous with Interstate 5 from Exit 6 to the junction of Oregon Route 99 in Ashland. The following is a simplified list of Washington counties and cities that portions of the old route traverse, an extensive section of this highway, from approximately Stockton, California to Vancouver, Washington, follows very closely the track of the Siskiyou Trail. The Siskiyou Trail was based on an ancient network of Native American Indian footpaths connecting the Pacific Northwest with Californias Central Valley. By the 1820s, trappers from the Hudsons Bay Company were the first non-Native Americans to use the route of U. S. Highway 99 to move between todays Washington state and California. During the second half of the 19th Century, mule train trails, stagecoach roads, by the early 20th Century, pioneering automobile roads were built along the Siskiyou Trail, including most notably the Pacific Highway. The Pacific Highway ran from British Columbia to San Diego, California and is the predecessor of much of U. S. Highway 99. The highway was continuous pavement by the middle 1930s, the bill launched a major program designed to greatly simplify Californias increasingly complicated highway numbering system and eliminate concurrent postings like the aforementioned 60/70/99. The highways that replaced it are, SR111 and SR86 between the Mexico–US border and Indio, i-10, replacing US60 and US70 between Indio and Los Angeles as well. U. S. Route 101 and SR110 in downtown Los Angeles, I-5 from north of downtown Los Angeles to its modern-day split in Wheeler Ridge before 99s final decommissioning in 1968. In 1972, the AASHTO gave permission to the Oregon State Highway Commission to retire US 99W, US 99E, the final segments of US99 were then decommissioned and re-organized into OR 99W, OR 99E and OR99. All three states have replaced some portions of US99 with state highways of the number, Washington,50 miles of US99. It is mostly a surface-level highway with the exception of the Alaskan Way Viaduct, other portions of the old US99 are now designated as SR505, SR529 and SR530. Oregon, Most of former US99 in Oregon now signed as Oregon Route 99, the route still provides surface-level access to many southern Oregon towns served by I-5. It also provides access to towns in the Willamette Valley. Between Junction City and Portland, the splits into eastern and western routes known as OR 99E and OR 99W
31.
Southern California
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Southern California, often abbreviated as SoCal, is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises Californias 10 southernmost counties. The region is described as eight counties, based on demographics and economic ties, Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara. The more extensive 10-county definition, which includes Kern and San Luis Obispo counties, is used and is based on historical political divisions. Southern California is an economic center for the state of California. The 8-county and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, the megaregions area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.5 million people. With over 22 million people, Southern California contains roughly 60 percent of Californias population, located east of Southern California is the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona. The Mojave Desert is located at the border with the state of Nevada while towards the south is the Mexico–United States border, within Southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the countrys largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. South of Los Angeles and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation. The counties of Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside are the five most populous in the state, the motion picture, television, and music industry are centered in the Los Angeles area in Southern California. Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles, gives its name to the American motion picture industry, headquartered in Southern California are The Walt Disney Company, Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony also run major record companies, Southern California is also home to a large homegrown surf and skateboard culture. Companies such as Vans, Volcom, Quiksilver, No Fear, RVCA, some of the worlds biggest action sports events, including the X Games, Boost Mobile Pro, and the U. S. Open of Surfing, are all held in Southern California. Southern California is also important to the world of yachting, the annual Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii, is one of yachtings premier events. The San Diego Yacht Club held the Americas Cup, the most prestigious prize in yachting, from 1988 to 1995, Southern California is home to many sports franchises and sports networks such as Fox Sports Net. Many locals and tourists frequent the Southern California coast for its popular beaches, the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces. Southern California is not a geographic designation and definitions of what constitutes Southern California vary. Geographically, Californias North-South midway point lies at exactly 37°958.23 latitude, around 11 miles south of San Jose, however, when the state is divided into two areas, the term Southern California usually refers to the 10 southernmost counties of the state
32.
Northern California
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Northern California, often abbreviated NorCal, is the northern portion of the U. S. state of California. The 48-county definition is not used for the Northern California Megaregion, the megaregions area is instead defined from Metropolitan Fresno north to Greater Sacramento, and from the Bay Area east across Nevada state line to encompass the entire Lake Tahoe-Reno area. The arrival of European explorers from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries, in 1770, the Spanish mission at Monterey was the first European settlement in the area, followed by other missions along the coast—eventually extending as far north as Sonoma County. Northern California is not a geographic designation. Californias north-south midway division is around 37° latitude, near the level of San Francisco, popularly, though, Northern California usually refers to the states northernmost 48 counties. This definition coincides with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ north latitude, the term is also applied to the area north of Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains. Because of Californias large size and diverse geography, the state can be subdivided in other ways as well, the state is often considered as having an additional division north of the urban areas of the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento metropolitan areas. The coastal area north of the Bay Area is referred to as the North Coast while the region north of Sacramento is referred by locals as the Northstate. Since the events of the California Gold Rush, Northern California has been a leader on the economic, scientific. In science, advances range from being the first to isolate and name fourteen transuranic chemical elements, other examples of innovation across diverse fields range from Genentech to CrossFit as a pioneer in extreme human fitness and training. It is also Home to one of the largest Air Force Bases on the West Coast, Northern Californias largest metropolitan area is the San Francisco Bay Area which includes the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, and their many suburbs. In recent years the Bay Area has drawn more commuters from as far as Central Valley cities such as Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno, Turlock and Modesto. The 2010 U. S. Census showed that the Bay Area grew at a faster rate than the Greater Los Angeles Area while Greater Sacramento had the largest growth rate of any area in California. The states larger cities are considered part of Northern California in cases when the state is divided into two parts. The first European to explore the coast was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, sailing for the Spanish Crown, in 1542, beginning in 1565, the Spanish Manila galleons crossed the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to the Spanish Philippines, with silver and gemstones from Mexico. The Manila galleons returned across the northern Pacific, and reached North America usually off the coast of northern California, in 1579, northern California was visited by the English explorer Sir Francis Drake who landed north of todays San Francisco and claimed the area for England. In 1602, the Spaniard Sebastián Vizcaíno explored Californias coast as far north as Monterey Bay, other Spanish explorers sailed along the coast of northern California for the next 150 years, but no settlements were established. The first European inhabitants were Spanish missionaries, who built missions along the California coast, the mission at Monterey was first established in 1770, and at San Francisco in 1776
33.
Santa Ana Freeway
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The Santa Ana Freeway is one of the principal freeways in Southern California, connecting Los Angeles and its southeastern suburbs including the freeways namesake, the city of Santa Ana. The freeway begins at its junction with the San Diego Freeway, called the El Toro Y, in Irvine, from there, it generally goes southeast to northwest to the East Los Angeles Interchange, where it takes the designation of U. S. Route 101. It then proceeds 2.95 miles northwest to the Four Level Interchange in downtown Los Angeles, north of the East Los Angeles Interchange complex, Interstate 5s name changes to the Golden State Freeway. South of the El Toro Y, Interstate 5 takes on the San Diego Freeway name from Interstate 405, the infamously busy intersection of the Santa Ana, Garden Grove, and Orange freeways in southwestern Orange is nicknamed the Orange Crush. The Santa Ana Freeway is a bypass of the state highway from Los Angeles to Santa Ana. Southeast of Santa Ana, this highway, added to the state highway system in 1910 as Route 2. This route was marked as part of US101 in 1928, in 1933, the state legislature added a number of routes to the state highway system, including two that later formed parts of the Santa Ana Freeway. Route 174 began at Route 60 in what now is known as Westchester and followed Manchester Avenue, a second piece began further southeast on Route 2, where it turned east on Chapman Avenue, and followed the shorter Santa Ana Boulevard diagonally to Route 2 in northern Santa Ana. In 1934, Route 166, except on Indiana Street, was marked as part of Sign Route 6, and the entire length of Route 174 became Sign Route 10. A U. S. Route 101 Bypass was created by 1941, beginning at the intersection of Routes 166 and 2, the connection between Routes 166 and 174 was made via Route 168. This resulted in SR10 being truncated further, to the intersection of Firestone and Rosemead Boulevards, the entire Santa Ana Freeway began construction in 1947 and completed in 1956. It was approved as an interstate in 1961. From 1964 to 1968, the I-105 designation was used on a stretch of road linking I-5/I-10, US101, in 1968, this I-105 was decommissioned, and that portion of the Santa Ana Freeway was folded into US101. Routes 101 and 5 from Route 110 to Route 405, except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers an overlap due to a correction or change, segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines, the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column
34.
Hollywood Freeway
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The Hollywood Freeway is one of the principal freeways of Los Angeles, California and one of the busiest in the United States. It is the route through the Cahuenga Pass, the primary shortcut between the Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley. It is considered one of the most important freeways in the history of Los Angeles and it is the second oldest freeway in Los Angeles. From its southern end at the Four Level Interchange to its intersection with the Ventura Freeway in the southeastern San Fernando Valley and it is then signed as State Route 170 north to its terminus at the Golden State Freeway. The freeway runs from the Four Level Interchange in downtown Los Angeles to the Golden State Freeway in the Sun Valley district of Los Angeles in the San Fernando Valley. From the Four Level Interchange to its intersection with the Ventura Freeway in the southeastern San Fernando Valley, afterwards, it is signed as State Route 170 until its northern terminus at Interstate 5. The intersection of the Hollywood and Pasadena Freeways, known as the Four Level Interchange, is one of the landmarks in Los Angeles. The entire route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, SR170 begins its northbound route at the junction with the Ventura Freeway, continuing the freeway northwards. US101 leaves the freeway, merging onto the Ventura Freeway, SR134 continues the Ventura Freeway, heading east. On the southbound side, a sign indicates END Route 170, curiously, there is no interchange from SR134 West to US101 South. This connector route was put on hold pending the construction of the Laurel Canyon Freeway, which never came to fruition. Motorists intending to go in that direction must exit SR134 at Cahuenga Boulevard, make a left, continue on Lankershim Blvd. likewise, there is no interchange from US101 North to SR134 East. Motorists intending to go in that direction must exit US101 at Vineland Ave. make a right, make another right on Riverside Dr. and this interchange is also known as the Hollywood Split. SR170 then continues through the portion of the San Fernando Valley. There is no route to I-5 South because the angle between the two freeways is too acute. There are HOV lanes in operation 24 hours a day in each direction of SR-170 between I-5 and the Hollywood Split interchange. There is a connection from the northbound SR-170 HOV lanes onto the northbound I-5 HOV lanes. This makes it possible to connect with the I-5 HOV lanes as well as the SR-14 HOV lanes without merging into regular lanes, plans for the Hollywood Freeway officially began in 1924 when Los Angeles voters approved a stop-free express highway between Downtown Los Angeles and the San Fernando Valley
35.
Ventura Freeway
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The Ventura Freeway is a freeway in southern California, United States, running from the Santa Barbara/Ventura county line to Pasadena. It is the principal east-west route through Ventura County and in the southern San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County, east of the Hollywood Freeway intersection, it is signed as State Route 134 which was built by 1971. The Ventura Freeway begins at the Santa Barbara/Ventura county line at the Bates Road exit of U. S.101, the road alternates between a freeway and an expressway up to the seashore community of Mussel Shoals, when it becomes a freeway for the rest of its length. The freeway travels eastward through the orchards and strawberry fields of the Oxnard Plain before ascending the short. Continuing eastward through the northern Santa Monica Mountains, it crosses the Ventura/Los Angeles county line before entering the San Fernando Valley, the freeway continues eastward along the valleys southern rim, crossing the 405 and 5 freeways and the Los Angeles River. The Ventura Freeway suffers from severe congestion and its intersection with the San Diego Freeway, in Sherman Oaks, is consistently rated as one of the five most congested interchanges in the nation. Where it meets the Hollywood Freeway at the Hollywood Split junction, during events at the Rose Bowl, the freeways eastern portions often resemble a parking lot. State Route 134 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, the road is the main connector from the San Fernando Valley and points north to the San Gabriel Valley and points east. The future Interstate 710 dead-ends at California Blvd and is signed as State Route 710, the Interstate 5 offramp at Colorado St. is old SR134, and there are still mileposts that refer to it as such. Old SR134 followed Colorado St. through Glendale and Colorado Boulevard in Eagle Rock to the ramp connecting Colorado Boulevard, old SR134 continued onto the ramp and then onto what is now the Ventura Freeway to Orange Grove Boulevard in Pasadena. The Colorado Boulevard/Figueroa Street ramps and the segment of freeway between the ramps and just east of Orange Grove Boulevard used to be known as the Colorado Freeway, the Ventura Freeway is Routes 101 and 134 from Route 5 to the Santa Barbara County line. This does not include the portion of Route 134 between Route 5 and Route 210 even though local usage extends the name over this portion of freeway, at the freeways eastern terminus with Interstate 210 in Pasadena, highway signs still indicate Ventura as the destination for Route 134. Assembly Concurrent Resolution 54, Chapter 85 in 2003 also designated Route 101 in Ventura County as the Screaming Eagles Highway. This honors the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army and this exit list proceeds from east to west, since the majority of the freeway is the north-south US101. Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers an overlap due to a correction or change, segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines, the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column
36.
East Los Angeles, California
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East Los Angeles, or East L. A. is an unincorporated area in Los Angeles County, California. It is 96. 7% Latino - the highest percentage of the 272 neighborhoods of Los Angeles County, the unincorporated area known as City Terrace occupies the northern part of the East L. A. CDP. East Los Angeles is the least ethnically diverse community in Los Angeles County as noted by the Los Angeles Times Mapping L. A. survey, the 2010 United States Census reported that East Los Angeles had a population of 126,496. Population density was 16,973.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of East Los Angeles was 53,934 White,817 African American,1,549 Native American,1,144 Asian,63 Pacific Islander,54,846 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 122,784 persons. The Census reported that 126,176 people lived in households,174 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 2,516 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 199 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,781 households were made up of individuals and 1,781 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.09. There were 25,839 families, the family size was 4.33. The median age was 29.1 years, for every 100 females there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males. There were 32,201 housing units at a density of 4,320.8 per square mile, of which 10,986 were owner-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1. 2%, the vacancy rate was 3. 2%. 47,123 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 79,053 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, East Los Angeles had a household income of $37,982. As of the of 2000, there were 124,283 people,29,844 households, the population density was 16,697.4 people per square mile. There were 31,096 housing units at a density of 4,177.8 per square mile. 96. 8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino,12. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.15 and the family size was 4.42
37.
Carpinteria, California
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Carpinteria /kɑːrpᵻntəˈriːə/ is a small oceanside city located in southeastern Santa Barbara County, California, east of Santa Barbara and northwest of Ventura. The population was 13,040 at the 2010 census, Carpinteria Beach is known for its gentle slope and calm waves in selected sandy areas but also good surfing swells in some of the more rocky areas. Seals and sea lions can be seen in the area December through May at the rookery in the nearby Carpinteria Bluffs, tidepools contain starfish, sea anemones, crabs, snails, octopuses and sea urchins. A marathon-length round trip north of the rookery along the beach to Stearns Wharf in Santa Barbara is possible, a popular campground is located adjacent to the beach. There is bird watching at Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve, established in 1977, the Waldholme Torrey Pine, largest known Torrey pine tree on earth, is located in downtown Carpinteria. Since 1987, the California Avocado Festival has been held in Carpinteria on the first weekend of October, the Santa Barbara Polo Club, one of the main equestrian polo fields in the country, is located in Carpinteria. The city is home to Hollandia Produce, an organic produce company with 70 employees. Lynda. com, a software training company ranked as one of the fastest-growing private companies in the U. S. had its headquarters in Carpinteria. The company was purchased by LinkedIn in 2015 for $1.5 billion, in 1769, the Spanish Portola expedition came west along the beach from the previous nights encampment at Rincon. The explorers found a native village on the point of land where Carpinteria Pier is today. The party camped nearby on August 17, fray Juan Crespi, a Franciscan missionary travelling with the expedition, noted that Not far from the town we saw some springs of pitch. The Indians have many canoes, and at the time were building one, the Chumash people used the naturally occurring surface asphalt to seal their canoes, known as Tomols. Petroleum seeps are still visible along the bluffs at Tar Pits Park on the campground beach of Carpinteria State Beach. The three closest drilling platforms visible from the shore are within the Carpinteria Offshore Oil Field, the 50th-largest field in California, Carpinteria is located several miles east of the city of Santa Barbara. Nearby is the community of Summerland. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 9.2 square miles. The city is located almost entirely on a plain in between the Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Immediately to the north of Carpinteria lie foothills and then the Santa Ynez Mountains, between the foothills and the populated area of the city is an agricultural zone
38.
101st Airborne Division
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The 101st Airborne Division is an elite modular specialized light infantry division of the United States Army trained for air assault operations. It is the most potent and tactically mobile of the U. S. Armys divisions and these particular operations are conducted by highly mobile teams and they are quite often executed behind enemy lines. Its unique battlefield mobility and high level of training have kept the Division in the vanguard of Americas land combat forces in recent conflicts, more recently, the 101st Airborne has been performing foreign internal defense and counter-terrorism operations within Iraq and Afghanistan. The 101st Airborne Division has a nearly century-long history, during the Vietnam War, the 101st Airborne Division fought in several major campaigns and battles including the Battle of Hamburger Hill in May 1969. In mid-1968 it was reorganized and redesignated as an airmobile division and these titles reflect the divisions shift from airplanes as the primary method of delivering troops into combat, to the use of helicopters. Many current members of the 101st are graduates of the U. S. Army Air Assault School, Division headquarters is at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. In recent years, the division has served in Iraq and Afghanistan, the division is one of the most highly decorated units in the United States Army and has been featured prominently in military fiction. The 101st is currently the only air assault division, capable, in a single lift, of a 4. It is supported by more than 280 helicopters and this includes three battalions of Apache attack helicopters. At times, additional air assets are assigned to the 101st Airborne during deployment, the 101st Airborne also comprises intelligence support, maintenance and operations elements, support personnel, and artillery specialists. Assisting the 101st Airborne Division is an array of support elements, equipment. The 101st is considered a versatile, very flexible. The 101st has the capability to move long distances, the 101st can put soldiers down on top of mountains, ridge lines, and behind the enemy forces and can sling-load in artillery pieces for indirect fire. It is considered a unit of choice and it has the ability to secure sites, airfields. The 101st Division headquarters was organized 2 November 1918 at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, World War I ended 9 days later, and was demobilized on 11 December 1918. In 1921, the headquarters was reconstituted in the Organized Reserves. It was at time that the Screaming Eagle became associated with the division. As part of the reorganization of the 101st as a division in the Army of the United States
39.
James Lick
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James Lick was an American carpenter, piano builder, land baron, and patron of the sciences. At the time of his death, he was the wealthiest man in California, James Lick was born in Stumpstown Pennsylvania on August 25,1796. Licks grandfather, William Lick, served during the American Revolutionary War under General George Washington and his son, John Lick, the son of a carpenter, Lick began learning the craft at an early age. When he was twenty one, after a romance with Barbara Snavely, Lick left Stumpstown for Baltimore, Maryland. He quickly mastered the skill, and moved to New York City, in 1821 Lick moved to Argentina, after learning that his pianos were being exported to South America. Lick found his time in Buenos Aires to be difficult, due to his ignorance of Spanish, however, his business thrived and in 1825 Lick left Argentina to tour Europe for a year. On his return trip, his ship was captured by the Portuguese, Lick escaped captivity and returned to Buenos Aires on foot. In 1832, Lick decided to return to Stumpstown and he failed to reunite with Barbara Snavely and their son and returned to Buenos Aires. He decided the situation was too unstable and moved to Valparaíso. After four years, he moved his business, this time to Lima. In 1846, Lick decided to return to North America and, anticipating the Mexican-American War, Lick arrived in San Francisco, California, in January 1848, bringing with him his tools, work bench, $30,000 in gold, and 600 pounds of chocolate. The chocolate quickly sold, and Lick convinced his uncle and friend in Peru, the confectioner Domingo Ghirardelli, to move to San Francisco, upon his arrival, Lick began buying real estate in the small village of San Francisco. Lick himself got a touch of gold fever and went out to mine the metal, in 1861, Lick began construction of a hotel, which became known as Lick House, at the intersection of Montgomery and Sutter Streets in San Francisco. The hotel had a room that could seat 400, based on a similar room at the palace of Versailles. Lick House was considered the finest hotel west of the Mississippi River, the hotel was destroyed in the fire following the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Following the construction, Lick returned to his San Jose orchards, in 1874, Lick suffered a massive stroke in the kitchen of his home in Santa Clara. The following morning, he was found by his employee, Thomas Fraser, and taken to Lick House, in the next three years, Lick spent his time determining how to dispense with his fortune. He originally wanted to build giant statues of himself and his parents, in 1874 he placed $3,000,000 at the disposal of seven trustees, by whom the funds were to be applied to specific uses
40.
Bayshore Freeway
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The Bayshore Freeway is a part of U. S. Route 101 in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U. S. state of California. It runs along the west shore of the San Francisco Bay, within the city of San Francisco, the freeway is also known as James Lick Freeway, named after the California philanthropist. The road was built as a surface road, the Bayshore Highway. Before 1964, it was marked as U. S. Route 101 Bypass. The Bayshore Freeway begins at the Blossom Hill Road interchange on US101, the freeway curves north and northwest, bypassing downtown San Jose to the east, and then curves west-northwest, crossing I-880 and SR87, the latter just north of the San Jose International Airport. The portion of the highway from San Jose to South San Francisco is relatively straight and flat, running near the west edge of the San Francisco Bay. Junctions here include SR237 in Sunnyvale, SR85 in Mountain View, SR84 in Menlo Park and Redwood City, SR92 in San Mateo, and the San Francisco International Airport and I-380 in San Bruno. In San Francisco, where the road is known as the James Lick Freeway. There it curves north-northeasterly around Bernal Heights and then northwest around Potrero Hill, the Bayshore Freeway ends at the intersection of US101 and Interstate 80, which, although signed as Interstate 80, is not officially Interstate 80 until the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. The freeway that goes from US101 to the Bay Bridge that is signed as I-80, the first of several highways built as an alternate to El Camino Real was the Skyline Boulevard, which was added to the state highway system in 1919. A second route, the Bay Shore Highway, became a highway in 1923, but only from the San Francisco city limits into San Mateo County. The state legislature extended the highway in 1925, defining it to run from near the intersection of Army Street, the governor approved the bill with the stipulation that only the portion between the city limits of San Francisco and San Jose would be a state highway. Construction between South San Francisco and Burlingame had begun by 1924, funded by a $500,000 contribution from San Francisco, a disconnected segment north of San Mateo was built by the state at the same time. Even then, motorists had to wait until May 7,1931 to reach Jefferson Avenue in Redwood City. The roadway was extended to Oregon Avenue in Palo Alto in mid-1932, Lawrence Station Road in mid-1933, and to Lafayette Street near Santa Clara, across the Guadalupe River from San Jose, by 1934. Although the highway was designed and built to what were, at the time, high standards, with a 100-foot wide right-of-way in most places, it was accident-prone because it lacked a median barrier. One segment of the so-called Bloody Bayshore was Boneyard Hill, a grade through the Visitacion Valley near the San Francisco city line. Causes of the crashes included turning conflicts at intersections, and speeding drivers crossing the centerline to use the lanes as a passing lane
41.
Central Freeway
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The Central Freeway is a roughly one-mile elevated freeway in San Francisco, California, United States, connecting the Bayshore/James Lick Freeway with the Hayes Valley neighborhood. Most of the freeway is part of US101, which exits at Mission Street on the way to the Golden Gate Bridge. The Central Freeway begins at a directional Y interchange at the west end of Interstate 80 in the South of Market neighborhood and this interchange also includes access between the Bayshore Freeway, which carries US101 to the south, and the one-way pair of 9th and 10th Streets. As it approaches the end, US101 exits onto Mission Street to access Van Ness Avenue, which it follows north to Lombard Street, no traffic from Market Street is allowed to turn onto the freeway, but traffic from the freeway may turn right onto Market. The first opportunity for traffic that continues onto the boulevard to leave it is east on Page Street. This land remains undeveloped, filled primarily by parking lots. The 1948 Transportation Plan for San Francisco, prepared by De Leuw, Cather and Company and this portion would include junctions with the Mission Freeway at the southwest corner and the Panhandle Freeway along the west side. After swinging northeast and back north to the east side of Van Ness Avenue, at Clay Street, the freeway would descend to meet the rising terrain, ending at Broadway just east of Van Ness Avenue as a single level depressed roadway. A short tunnel would curve northwest to a portal in Van Ness Avenue north of Broadway, the route was also included in the 1955 city master plan, by then extending north beyond the former Broadway terminus to the proposed Golden Gate Freeway near Lombard Street. The first piece, connecting the Bayshore Freeway with Mission Street, opened March 1,1955, at about the same time as the Bayshore. Interstate 80, which had been assigned to the Central Freeway southeast of the proposed Panhandle Freeway, was truncated by the Federal Highway Administration in August 1965 and by the state in 1968. That year the Board of Supervisors banned any new construction north of Market Street. Caltrans closed the freeway north of Mission Street for rebuilding in late 1996. Caltrans reopened the northbound deck to Fell Street in 1997, but did not put a route designation on that deck, the completed project opened on September 9,2005. However, the South of Market neighborhood actually got a wider freeway, closer to ground level, the newer section of the Central Freeway between Mission Street and Market Street still remains unsigned, but is maintained by Caltrans. Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers an overlap due to a correction or change, segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The entire route is in San Francisco, California Roads portal Timeline, A look back at Octavia St
42.
Morgan Hill, California
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Morgan Hill is a city in Santa Clara County, California, at the southern tip of Silicon Valley, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Morgan Hill is a prominent dining, entertainment, and recreational destination in Silicon Valley, owing to its Michelin star chefs, luxury hospitality, nature parks, and wineries. Morgan Hill is among the most expensive places to live in within the United States, due to its concentration of wealth, prior to the arrival of Spanish colonists, the area of the Santa Clara Valley was inhabited by the Ohlone people for more than 6,000 years. In the area of what is now Morgan Hill, the Matalan tribe lived in a hunter-gatherer society, the location of their camp subsequently became a popular campsite for Spanish soldiers on their way from New Spain to Alta California. With the founding of Mission Santa Clara de Asís, in 1777, following Mexicos independence from Spain, land was redistributed to Mexican citizens across California and the land encompassing modern-day Morgan Hill was granted to Juan Maria Hernandez, in 1835. In 1845, Martin Murphy, Sr. an Irish-born American pioneer, acquired the area and named it Rancho Ojo del Agua de la Coche. In 1850, Martin Murphy, Sr. s youngest son, Daniel Murphy, married Maria Fisher, heiress of the neighboring 19, 000-acre Rancho Laguna Seca, by 1870, the Murphy family had acquired around 70,000 acres of the Morgan Hill area. In the history of Morgan Hill, the Murphy, Dunne, in 1882, Daniel and Maria Murphys favorite daughter, Diana Murphy, fell in love with Missouri businessman Hiram Morgan Hill. They married in secret, on account of his being a Quaker and her being from a prominent Roman Catholic family, when Daniel Murphy died, Diana and Hiram Morgan Hill inherited the 4,500 acres surrounding the original Murphy estate, near Murphys Peak. In 1884, the Hills built their estate, as the family primarily lived in San Francisco and in Nevada. By 1886, the family chose to live primarily at the Ojo del Agua estate, thus leaving their Ojo del Agua estate untouched for long periods of time. By 1898, a significant community had built around what was known as Morgan Hills Ranch. Rather than ask to stop at Huntington station, passengers would ask to stop at Morgan Hills Ranch, on November 10,1906, the planned community, a result of the divisions of C. H. Phillips, was incorporated as the Town of Morgan Hill. However, the baron was called back to France to serve in the military, in 1913, Hiram Morgan Hill died at his Elko estate in Nevada, thus leaving his properties to his daughter. Morgan Hill is approximately 39 km south of downtown San Jose,21 km north of Gilroy, lying in a roughly 6 km-wide southern extension of the Santa Clara Valley, it is bounded by the Santa Cruz Mountains to the west and the Diablo Range to the east. At the valley floor, Morgan Hill lies at an elevation of about 107 m above MSL, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city encompasses an area of 12.9 square miles, all land. Administered by the Santa Clara County Department of Parks and Recreation, Morgan Hill is located within the seismically active San Francisco Bay region. The significant earthquakes in the region are associated with crustal movements along well-defined
43.
California State Route 85
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State Route 85 is a freeway which connects the cities of Mountain View and southern San Jose in the U. S. State of California. The freeway, along its length, is named the West Valley Freeway. Sections of the route also possess additional names, a significant portion of the route is signed as the Norman Y. The route provides an alternate to U. S, the highway intersects with major highways such as I-280, SR17, and SR87. The second half, running 18.5 miles from US101 in southern San Jose to Stevens Creek Boulevard in Cupertino and this route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System. In 2014, SR85 had an average daily traffic of 58,000 at Bernal Road, and 129,500 at SR87. SR85 has carpool lanes for its entire length, SR85 begins at an interchange with US101 and heads due west through San Jose. Near the Westfield Oakridge Mall in San Jose, SR85 has an interchange with the terminus of the SR87 freeway. SR85 continues west into Los Gatos, where it intersects the SR17 freeway, SR85 briefly enters Campbell and reenters San Jose before crossing into Saratoga. SR85 turns northwest and briefly reenters San Jose before entering Cupertino, HOV lanes run along the entire length of SR85, requiring at least two people in a car on weekdays from 5-9 AM and 3-7 PM, or a car with an Access OK sticker. Although SR85 mainly passes through suburban San Francisco Bay Area cities, the northern terminus is located near Moffett Field, with its huge Hangar 1. Googles main campus and Microsofts Silicon Valley Campus are located near the end of the freeway. VTA light rail runs in the median of SR85 between the 85-87 interchange & the southern terminus, the cities along the proposed route also pushed to prohibit trucks over 4.5 tons from using SR85. Thus, SR85 became one of the handfuls of California freeways that do not allow such tractor semis. The restriction is legally in effect from SR 85s southern terminus at U. S. Route 101 to Interstate 280 and this ban has been a prime factor in reducing the level of noise that the freeway would otherwise produce as most large trucks are unable to use the freeway. Land was set aside for the freeway in the 1950s. At the time, Santa Clara County still largely an area, consisting of orchards. Local government officials, however, fought to preserve the right-of-way, as a result, when congestion on other freeways—I-280, US101, and SR 17—intersecting this path became overwhelming, it was still possible for this freeway to be built with little demolition required
44.
San Jose, California
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San Jose, officially the City of San José, is the economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California. With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908, it is the third most populous city in California and the tenth most populous in United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the shore of San Francisco Bay. San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California. San Jose is the largest city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area, which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively. Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Ohlone people, San Jose was founded on November 29,1777, as the Pueblo of San José de Guadalupe, the first civilian town founded in Spanish Alta California. When California gained statehood in 1850, San Jose became the states first capital, following World War II, San Jose experienced an economic boom, with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 60s. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from a center to an urbanized metropolitan area. Results of the 1990 U. S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California, by the 1990s, San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries. San Jose is considered to be a city, notable for its affluence. San Joses location within the high tech industry, as a cultural, political. San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world, and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world, according to the Brookings Institute. Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems, eBay, Adobe Systems, PayPal, Brocade, Samsung, Acer, Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by several groups of Ohlone Native Americans. The first lasting European presence began with a series of Franciscan missions established from 1769 by Junípero Serra, San Jose came under Mexican rule in 1821 after Mexico broke with the Spanish crown. It then became part of the United States, after it capitulated in 1846, on March 27,1850, San Jose became the second incorporated city in the state, with Josiah Belden its first mayor. San Jose was Californias first state capital, and hosted the first, today the Circle of Palms Plaza in downtown is the historical marker for the first state capital. The city was a station on the Butterfield Overland Mail route, in the period 1900 through 1910, San Jose served as a center for pioneering invention, innovation, and impact in both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air flight. These activities were led principally by John Montgomery and his peers, the City of San Jose has established Montgomery Park, a Monument at San Felipe and Yerba Buena Roads, and John J. Montgomery Elementary School in his honor
45.
Mountain View, California
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Mountain View is a city located in Santa Clara County, California, United States, named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains. From its origins as a stop, it grew to a large suburb with a pedestrian-friendly downtown, free wi-fi. The city borders Palo Alto and the San Francisco Bay to the north, Los Altos to the south, situated in the southern end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area, Mountain View is home to many high technology companies. In 1956, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, the first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley, was established in the city by William Shockley. Today, many of the largest technology companies in the world are headquartered in the city, including Google, Mozilla Foundation, Symantec, and Intuit. The original Byte Shop computer store was opened at 1063 El Camino Real, Mountain View by Paul Terrell, the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority integrates the city with the neighboring cities of Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Sunnyvale. The Mexican land grant of Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas was given in 1842 by Alta California Governor Juan Alvarado to Francisco Estrada. This grant was passed on to Mariano Castro, who sold half of the land to Martin Murphy, Jr. Eventually. First known as the center of Fremont Twp. before the first California 1852 census. Which meant that it was a predecessor to Mayfield and Palo Alto, Mountain View Station, officially named in 1864, had its beginnings earlier as a stagecoach stop on the route between San Francisco and San Jose, including the Butterfield Overland Mail. & El Camino Real of today, was closer to what was once the town center. The early pioneers were buried at the old cemetery between Mercy & Church, off Castro Street, now the present city Library and park. Reverend Henry Merrill Henderson, born in Maryland, age 35, arrived in Spring of 1852, with his family to meet with relatives Ricketts and he was the first Baptist minister in town and soon was going by horse to Half-Moon Bay, and McCartersville for services. His next-door neighbor arrived later that year, Seligman Weilheimer and brother Samuel from Dossenheim, Baden, Germany, who built at that property, the Fremont twp. population was about 560 by 1860, less Mayfield Post office section, which began north of present San Antonio Road. The towns early growth was due to agriculture, William Bubb later being a figure, buying 80 acres to farm in October 1851. His heirs expanded and intermarried in the area, agriculture remained the primary industry into the middle of the 20th century. The U. S. Navys adjacent 1000 acre Moffet Field Complex began after 1931, after World War II, the population grew significantly with the development of the aerospace and electronics industries. Between 1950 and 1960, the population grew from 6,563 to 30,889, today, high technology is the foundation of the local economy, and there exist few remnants of the citys agricultural past
I‑5 / I‑10 in Los Angeles, CA
I‑5 in Los Angeles
I‑10 in Los Angeles
I‑110 in Los Angeles
I‑405 in Los Angeles
I‑280 / I‑680 in San Jose
I‑880 in San Jose
I‑380 on the San Bruno–South San Francisco city line
I‑80 in San Francisco
I‑580 in San Rafael
US 199 northeast of Crescent City
US 20 in Newport
US 26 northeast of Cannon Beach
US 30 in Astoria
US 12 in Aberdeen
