1.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
2.
UCLA Bruins
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The UCLA Bruins are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Los Angeles. The Bruin mens and womens teams participate in NCAA Division I as part of the Pac-12 Conference, for football, they are in the Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I. UCLA has the most decorated athletic program in NCAA history, with 113 NCAA team championships, UCLA offers 10 varsity sports programs for men and 13 for women. UCLA sponsors teams in mens and fourteen womens NCAA sanctioned sports. * = Beach volleyball is a fully sanctioned NCAA sport which had its first national championship in the spring of 2016, the UCLA athletic teams colors are True Blue and Gold. In the early days of the school, UCLA had the colors as the University of California, Berkeley, Yale blue. When football coach Red Sanders came to UCLA for the 1949 season he redesigned the football uniforms, the Yale blue was changed to a lighter shade of blue. Sanders figured that the blue would look better on the field. He would dub the baby blue uniform Powderkeg blue, powder blue with an explosive kick, for the 1954 football season, Sanders added a gold loop on the shoulders, the UCLA Stripe. UCLA still uses different color blues and they have an alternate uniform that is predominately Navy. Their helmet has the UCLA script in Royal, the Jackie Robinson 42 Athletics and Recreation Complex monument was installed in front of the John Wooden Recreation Center and was unveiled on March 5,2016. The school also retired number 42 which was the number Robinson worn as a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers, two notable sports facilities serve as home venues for UCLA sports. Since 1982, the Bruin football team has played games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. From 1923–81, including the Bruins 1954 National Championship year, the played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles. The women’s gymnastics, mens and womens basketball, and volleyball teams play at Pauley Pavilion on campus, the softball team plays on campus at Easton Stadium. Down the hill, the teams as well as the swim. For baseball, there is the Steele Field at the Jackie Robinson Stadium, see also, Drake Stadium, Los Angeles Tennis Center, Spieker Aquatics Center. As of December 2015, UCLA has won 113 NCAA team championships, on May 13,2007, UCLA became the first school to win 100 NCAA championships, defeating Stanford, 5–4, for the 2007 Womens Water Polo Championship
3.
University of California, Los Angeles
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The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
4.
USC Trojans
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The USC Trojans are the athletic teams that represent the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. While the mens teams are nicknamed the Trojans, the athletic teams are referred to as either the Trojans or Women of Troy. The program participates in the Pac-12 Conference and has won 125 team national championships,103 of which are NCAA National Championships, USCs cross-town rival is UCLA, with whom there is fierce athletic and scholastic competition. However, USCs rivalry with Notre Dame predates the UCLA rivalry by three years, the Notre Dame rivalry stems mainly from the annual football game played between these two universities and is considered the greatest intersectional rivalry in college football. USC sponsors teams in ten mens and thirteen womens NCAA sanctioned sports, * = Beach volleyball is a fully sanctioned NCAA sport which had its first national championship in the spring of 2016. The Trojans have won 125 team national championships,103 of which are NCAA National Championships and this is the third highest count of all universities behind UCLA with 113 and Stanford with 112. The Trojan men have won 97 national championships, more than any other University, the Women of Troy have earned 28 national championships, third in the nation. The Trojans won at least 1 national team title in 26 consecutive years, USC won the National College All-Sports Championship an annual ranking by USA Today of the country’s top athletic programs —6 times since its inception in 1971. Four Trojans have won the prestigious James E. Sullivan Award as the top athlete in America, diver Sammy Lee, shot putter Parry O’Brien. Two Trojans have won the Honda-Broderick Cup as the top collegiate woman athlete of the year, Cheryl Miller, and Trojan women have won 8 Honda Awards, as the top female athlete in their sport. USC has a reputation and long tradition of nurturing Olympic athletes, from the 1904 Summer Olympics through the 2014 winter games,422 Trojan athletes have competed in the Games, taking home 135 gold medals,88 silver and 65 bronze. For instance, USCs three womens water polo 2012 gold medalists count as 3 medals by this method, whereas silver medalist Spain only counts one medal, USC has won 103 NCAA team national championships. USC won USLTA team titles in 1977 and 1978, a December 1998 SPORT magazine ranking listed USC as the No.4 all-time college football program of the 20th century. In 2009 ESPN ranked USC the second best program in football history. The USC Football team has been voted National Champions 11 times, USC is also known for its Heisman Trophy winners. USC is second in Heisman winners at 7, three of the four Heisman winners from 2002 to 2005 were Trojans - Carson Palmer in 2002, Matt Leinart in 2004 and Reggie Bush in 2005. Four other Trojan tailbacks have won the coveted Heisman Trophy as college football’s outstanding player, Mike Garrett in 1965, O. J. Simpson in 1968, Charles White in 1979 and Marcus Allen in 1981. Also notable, USC has 12 players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, USCs record against opponents from the old Pac-10 is 367–153–29, and the Trojans have winning records against all nine other members
5.
University of Southern California
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The University of Southern California is a private research university founded in 1880 with its main campus in Los Angeles, California. As Californias oldest private university, USC has historically educated a large number of the regions business leaders. In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia, an engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California. For the 2014–15 academic year, there were 18,740 students enrolled in undergraduate programs. USC also has 23,729 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs, including business, law, engineering, social work, and medicine. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the world, consistently ranking among the top 3 in external contributions, multiple academic rankings list the University of Southern California as being among the top 25 universities in the United States. With an acceptance rate of 16 percent, USC is also among the most selective academic institutions in the nation. USC maintains a tradition of innovation and entrepreneurship, with alumni having founded companies such as Lucasfilm, Myspace, Salesforce. com, Intuit, Qualcomm, Box, Tinder. As of 2014, the university has produced the fourth largest number of billionaire alumni out of all institutions in the world. USC is home to the world’s most powerful computer, which is presently housed in a super-cooled. The only other commercially available quantum computing system is operated jointly by NASA, USC was also one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System. Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing, dynamic programming, image compression, VoIP, USC sponsors a variety of intercollegiate sports and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. Members of the teams, the Trojans, have won 102 NCAA team championships, ranking them third in the nation. Trojan athletes have won 288 medals at the Olympic games, more than any university in the United States. If USC were a country, its athletes would have received the 12th-most Olympic gold medals in history. In 1969, it joined the Association of American Universities, the University of Southern California was founded following the efforts of Judge Robert M. Hellman. The three donated 308 lots of land to establish the campus and provided the seed money for the construction of the first buildings. Originally operated in affiliation with the Methodist Church, the school mandated from the start that no student would be denied admission because of race, the university is no longer affiliated with any church, having severed formal ties in 1952
6.
Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
7.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
8.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
9.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
10.
Megacity
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A megacity is usually defined as a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten million people. A megacity can be a metropolitan area or two or more metropolitan areas that converge. The terms conurbation, metropolis and metroplex are also applied to the latter, as of 2017, there are 37 megacities in existence. The largest of these are the areas of Tokyo and Shanghai, each of these having a population of over 30 million inhabitants. Tokyo is the worlds largest metropolitan area, while Shanghai has the worlds largest city proper population, the UN predicts there will be 41 megacities by 2030. This is the list of worlds largest cities and metropolitan areas by population as of 2016, the term megacity entered common use in the late 19th or early 20th centuries, one of the earliest documented uses being by the University of Texas in 1904. Initially the United Nations used the term to describe cities of 8 million or more inhabitants, in 1800, only 3% of the worlds population lived in cities, a figure that rose to 47% by the end of the twentieth century. In 1950, there were 83 cities with populations exceeding one million, by 2007, the UN forecasts that todays urban population of 3.2 billion will rise to nearly 5 billion by 2030, when three out of five people will live in cities. This increase will be most dramatic on the continents, Asia. Surveys and projections indicate that all urban growth over the next 25 years will be in developing countries, one billion people, almost one-seventh of the worlds population, now live in shanty towns. In many poor countries overpopulated slums exhibit high rates of disease due to conditions, malnutrition. By 2030, over 2 billion people in the world will be living in slums, over 90% of the urban population of Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda, three of the worlds most rural countries, already live in slums. By 2025, Asia alone will have at least 30 megacities, including Mumbai, India, Shanghai, China, Delhi, India, Tokyo, Japan and Seoul, lagos, Nigeria has grown from 300,000 in 1950 to an estimated 15.2 million today. For almost five hundred years, Rome was the largest, wealthiest and its population passed one million people by the end of the 1st century BC. Baghdad was likely the largest city in the world shortly after its foundation in 762 AD until the 930s. Chinese capital cities Changan and Kaifeng also experienced population booms during prosperous empires. From around 1825 to 1918 London was the largest city in the world, with the population growing rapidly, in 1950, New York City was the only urban area with a population of over 10 million. Geographers had identified 25 such areas as of October 2005, as compared with 19 megacities in 2004 and this increase has happened as the worlds population moves towards the high urbanization levels of North America and Western Europe
11.
NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship
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The NCAA Division I Mens Tennis Championship is an annual mens college tennis national collegiate championship sponsored by the National Collegiate Athletic Association for teams in Division I. The tournament crowns a team, individual, and doubles champion, the first intercollegiate championship was held in 1883,23 years before the founding of the NCAA, with Harvards Joseph Clark taking the singles title. The same year Clark partnered to Howard Taylor to win the doubles title, the first NCAA-sponsored tournament was held in 1946. In 1963, the NCAA began to organize tournaments for Division I. A tournament for Division III was also added in 1973, however, after 1995, the NCAA no longer holds a Division II tournament. The national championship rounds are contested annually in May, in recent years, the NCAA Division I Womens Tennis Championship has been held at the same location as the mens tournament. The NCAA was founded in 1906, but the first NCAA-sponsored championship would not be held until 1946, before 1977, individual wins counted in the team’s total points. In 1977, a dual-match, single-elimination team championship was initiated, NCAA Mens Tennis Championships NCAA Womens Tennis Championships NCAAsports. com List of NCAA champions
12.
College World Series
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The College World Series, or CWS, is an annual June baseball tournament held in Omaha, Nebraska. The CWS is the culmination of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Baseball Championship series, the eight participating teams are split into two, four-team, double-elimination brackets with the winners of each bracket playing in a best-of-three championship series. Since 1950, the College World Series has been held in Omaha and it was held at Rosenblatt Stadium from 1950 through 2010, starting in 2011, it has been held at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha. Earlier tournaments were held at Hyames Field in Kalamazoo, Michigan and Wichita, the name College World Series is derived from that of the Major League Baseball World Series championship, it is currently an MLB trademark licensed to the NCAA. A memorandum of understanding had been reached by all parties on April 30, the currently binding contract began in 2011, the same year the tournament moved from Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium to TD Ameritrade Park Omaha, a new ballpark across from CenturyLink Center Omaha. 1947 – Eight teams were divided into two, four-team, single-elimination playoffs, the two winners then met in a best-of-three final in Kalamazoo, Michigan. 1948 – Similar to 1947, but the two, four-team playoffs were changed to double-elimination tournaments, again in the finals, the two winners met in a best-of-three format in Kalamazoo. 1949 – The final was expanded to a four-team, double-elimination format, Eight teams began the playoffs with the four finalists decided by a best-of-three district format. 1950–1987 – An eight-team, double-elimination format for the College World Series coincided with the move to Omaha in 1950, 1950–1953, a baseball committee chose one team from each of the eight NCAA districts to compete at the CWS. Through 1987 the College World Series was a pure double-elimination event and that ended with the 1987 College World Series. The single-game championship was designed for television, with the final game on CBS on a Saturday afternoon. Before expanding to 64 teams in 1999, the Division I tournament began with 48 teams, the winner of each regional advanced to the College World Series. The regionals were a test of endurance, as teams had to win at least four games over four days, sometimes five if a team dropped into the losers bracket, placing a premium on pitching. 1999–2002 – With some 293 Division I teams playing, the NCAA expanded the tournament to a 64-team Regional field in 1999, with 8 National Seed teams. The winners of each of the 16 Regionals advanced to 8 two-team, the 8 Super Regional winners advanced to the CWS in Omaha. While the CWS format remained the same, the field meant that eight Super Regional champions would advance. The 64-team bracket is set at the beginning of the championship, since the 1999 College World Series, the four-team brackets in the CWS have been determined by the results of regional and super-regional play, much like the NCAA basketball tournament. Prior to 1999, the pairings for the CWS were not determined until after the completion of the regional tournaments, 2003–present – The championship final became a best-of-three series between the two four-team bracket winners, with games scheduled for Saturday, Sunday, and Monday evenings
13.
NCAA Women's Water Polo Championship
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The NCAA Womens Water Polo Championship has existed since the 2001 season. Some teams compete at Division III either as members of the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference or independently, the NCAA Womens Water Polo Championship was held on May 13–15,2016 with UCLA, Los Angeles, CA hosting. Eight teams were selected to participate in the annual event, Conference champions from the Big West, CWPA, Golden Coast Conference, MAAC, MPSF, SCIAC and WWPA were represented with the seven automatic bids. They were joined by three teams, with play-in games conducted on May 10,2016. Play-in games, San Diego State def, wagner 7–4, UC San Diego def. Whitter 11–7 Tournament First Round games, UCLA def, UC San Diego 17-4, Stanford def. UC Santa Barbara 12-5, Southern California def, San Diego State 12-3, Michigan def. Arizona State 5-4 Semi-finals, Southern California def, UCLA 7-4 Championship, Southern California def. Stanford 8–7 The NCAA Womens Water Polo Championship was held on May 8–10,2015 with Stanford, Stanford, eight teams participated in the event. As has been the case since 2011, conference champions from the MPSF, WWPA, SCIAC, CWPA, MAAC and they were joined by four at-large teams, with play-in games being conducted on May 2, UC San Diego def. Tournament First Round games, UCLA def, UC San Diego 9–2, California def. Southern Cal 9–8 Championship, Stanford def, UCLA, 7–6 The NCAA Womens Water Polo Championship was held on May 9–11,2014 with USC, Los Angeles, CA hosting. Tournament First Round games, No.1 seed Stanford def, No.8 seed Indiana 18–2, No.2 seed UCLA def. No.7 seed UC San Diego 12–8, No.3 seed USC def, No.6 seed UCI 14–11, No.4 seed Cal def. No.5 seed ASU 7–4 Semi-finals, Stanford def, UCLA 9–5 Annika Dries of Stanford was named the tournaments most outstanding player. The NCAA Womens Water Polo Championship was held on May 10–12,2013 with Harvard University, Cambridge, Conference champions from the MPSF, WWPA, SCIAC, CWPA, MAAC, and Big West were joined by two at-large teams. Tournament First Round games, No.2 seed Stanford def, No.7 seed Iona 20–3, No.3 seed UCLA def. No.6 seed Princeton 8–6, No.1 seed Southern California def, Pomona-Pitzer 27–1, No.4 seed Hawaii def
14.
SoCal BMW Crosstown Cup
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The SoCal BMW Crosstown Cup is a year-long all-sports competition between UCLA and USC. While UCLA and USC have had a rivalry since the 1920s. After the 2008-2009 season, Lexus sponsorship ended, for the next five seasons USC and UCLA continued to keep track of the scores and yearly winners. Without an official sponsor, the competition was referred to as the Crosstown Gauntlet from fall 2009 to spring 2014, starting with the 2014-2015 season, the series was sponsored by The Southern California BMW Centers and renamed the SoCal BMW Crosstown Cup. During the original Lexus sponsorship, a Northern California version of the Gauntlet was held between Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley for three seasons, points are awarded for each NCAA-sanctioned sport that the two schools compete face each other in. Each of the 19 varsity sports that the two schools compete against each other in are worth 10 points in total. All regular season and postseason competition in a single sport counts as a series. Points are split in the event of a series tie, for sports without head-to-head competition, such as both mens and womens golf, all of the points for that sport are awarded based on which school finishes higher in the conference tournament. In sports with both head-to-head and multi-competitor events, such as swimming and track and field, only the results are counted. For example, as there is only one match played, a football victory is worth 10 points. Currently, with 19 active sports in which UCLA and USC compete against each other, there are 190 points available in a season, in the event of a tie after all points have been settled, there are three tiebreakers. The first tiebreaker is regular season head-to-head wins, if a tie remains, next is postseason head-to-head wins. Finally, the tiebreaker is whichever school won the most conference championships in head-to-head sports. Under the original Lexus sponsorship and the period from 2009-2014. Instead of each sport being worth 10 points, only football, mens basketball, womens basketball, all other sports were worth 5 points. As a result, there were originally 110 points available with 57.5 points needed to win, after the two schools began competing in womens sand volleyball for the 2012-2013, this changed to 115 points available and 60 needed to win. The Southern version covers Los Angeles rivals, the University of Southern California and it began with the 2001 fall season. Winners by year The Northern version matched Bay Area rivals Stanford University and it began with the 2004 fall season and ended after the 2007 spring season
15.
UCLA Bruins football
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The UCLA Bruins football program represents the University of California, Los Angeles in college football as members of the Pac-12 Conference at the NCAA Division I FBS level. The Bruins have enjoyed several periods of success in their history and their first major period of success came in the 1950s, under head coach Henry Russell Sanders. Sanders led the Bruins to the Coaches Poll national championship in 1954, in the 1980s and 1990s, during the tenure of Terry Donahue, the Bruins compiled a 151–74–8 record, including 13 bowl games and an NCAA record eight straight bowl wins. The program has produced 28 first round picks in the NFL Draft,30 consensus All-Americans, the UCLA Bruins main rival is the USC Trojans. Jim L. Mora is the current head coach, the Bruins were the Pac-12 Conference South Division champions for two years in a row and played Pac-12 Football Championship Games in both 2011 and 2012. The first football team fielded by UCLA took the field in 1919, the team was coached by Fred Cozens. That UCLA football team compiled a 2–6 record, UCLA did not participate in an athletic conference until 1920, so the 1919 football team played a schedule full of local high schools and other assorted teams. Cozens was UCLAs athletics director from 1919 to 1942, harry Trotter took over the young UCLA football program after Cozens stepped down after guiding the Bruins in their first season. Coach Trotters two wins were against Redlands and San Diego State, which did not join the SCIAC until 1926, Trotter left UCLA with a 2–13–1 record in three seasons. James J. Cline took over the Bruins football program as its head coach in 1923. Coach Clines two wins were against Loyola University and San Diego State, Cline was replaced after two seasons and a 2–10–3 record. William H. Spaulding came to UCLA from Minnesota in 1925, as the Bruins head coach, his overall record in fourteen seasons was 72–51–8. During his tenure in Los Angeles, Spaulding led the Bruins to their first bowl appearance and victory, also during Spauldings tenure, the Bruins left the SCIAC and joined the Pacific Coast Conference beginning in 1928. Spauldings 72 wins rank him among the best in head coaching victories in Bruin football history and he retired after a successful fourteen-season tenure ended after the 1938 season. Horrell was promoted to head coach following Spauldings retirement and his 1942 UCLA Bruins team lost to Georgia in the 1943 Rose Bowl. He was the first coach to lead a UCLA team to defeat rival USC and it was the first football victory in the UCLA-USC rivalry. The most notable player who played for Horrell at UCLA was Jackie Robinson, Horrells 1939 team compiled a 6–0–4 and his 1941 team posted a 5–5–1 record. With the exception of the 1942 season, the record of the Bruins during Horrells tenure outside the aforementioned seasons was 6–22–1
16.
USC Trojans football
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The USC Trojans football program, established in 1888, represents the University of Southern California in college football. USC is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I FBS, the Trojans throughout NCAA history have claimed 11 national championships. USC has the most Pro Football Hall of Famers, USC has the highest all-time post-season winning percentage of schools with 25 or more bowl appearances. The team is coached by Clay Helton, USC first fielded a football team in 1888. Playing its first game on November 14 of that year against the Alliance Athletic Club, USC faced its first collegiate opponent the following year in fall 1889, playing St. Vincents College to a 40–0 victory. In 1893, USC joined the Intercollegiate Football Association of Southern California, which was composed of USC, Occidental College, Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pomona College was invited to enter, but declined to do so. An invitation was extended to Los Angeles High School. Before they were named Trojans in 1912, USC athletic teams were called the Methodists, during the early years, limitations in travel and the scarcity of major football-playing colleges on the West Coast limited its rivalries to local Southern Californian colleges and universities. During this period USC played regular series against Occidental, Caltech, Whittier, Pomona, the first USC team to play outside of Southern California went to Stanford University on November 4,1905, where they were trampled 16–0 by the traditional West Coast powerhouse. While the teams would not meet again until 1918, this was also USCs first game against a future Pac-12 conference opponent, during this period USC also played its first games against other future Pac-12 rivals, including Oregon State, California, Oregon and Arizona. Between 1911–1913, USC followed the example of California and Stanford, the results were disastrous, as USC was soundly defeated by more experienced programs while the school itself experienced financial reverses, it was during this period that Owen R. After several decades of competition, USC first achieved prominence under head coach Gloomy Gus Henderson in the early 1920s. Another milestone came under Henderson in 1922, when USC joined the Pacific Coast Conference, success continued under coach Howard Jones from 1925 to 1940, when the Trojans were just one of a few nationally dominant teams. It was during this era that the achieved renown as the Thundering Herd. USC achieved intermittent success in the years following Jones tenure, jeff Cravath, who coached from 1942–1950, won the Rose Bowl in 1943 and 1945. Jess Hill, who coached from 1951 to 1956, won the Rose Bowl in 1953, from 1957 to 1959, the Trojans were coached by Don Clark. The Pacific Coast Conference dissolved in 1959, USC joined the conferences other three California schools and Washington to form a new conference, the Athletic Association of Western Universities, under a new charter. The program entered a new golden age upon the arrival of head coach John McKay, during this period the Trojans produced two Heisman Trophy winners and won four national championships
17.
Pac-12 Conference
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The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States. It participates in 22 NCAA sports in the NCAAs Division I, its teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision. The conferences 12 members are located in Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, Utah and they include each states flagship public university, four additional public universities, and two private research universities. It became the Pac-12 in 2011 with the addition of the University of Colorado, with Arizona States softball title in 2011, the conference won its 400th NCAA Championship. The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott, Scott replaced Thomas C, hansen, who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position. Prior to joining the Pac-10, Scott was Chairman and CEO of the Womens Tennis Association, the Pac-12 has twelve full member institutions. Football currently is the sport where the conference is divided evenly into two geographic divisions, the North Division and the South Division. The Pac-12 spans six states in the Western United States, Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Unusual for a conference, the Pac-12s members are spread evenly between 3 regions, with 4 schools each in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the Four Corners region. The Pac-12 has four affiliate member institutions, three in California and Boise State University in Idaho, the school will maintain its Pac-12 affiliation in wrestling, which the WAC does not sponsor. No school has left the Pac-12 since its founding as the AAWU in 1959, two members of the PCC were not invited to join the AAWU or its successors. As private schools, Stanford and USC are not obligated to publish employees salaries, Eight of the twelve member schools are members of the Association of American Universities, including all of the conferences California schools. The only FBS conference with more AAU members is the Big Ten with 13 out of 14 member institutions having AAU membership, in 2014, of the twelve member schools, nine were ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. Total revenue includes ticket sales, contributions and donations, rights/licensing, student fees, school funds and all sources including TV income, camp income, food. Updated to show institutional reporting to the Department of Education as shown on the DOE Equity in Athletics website for the 2013-14 academic year, the national ranking of revenue is based on 2075 institutions reporting to the Department of Education that year. The roots of the Pac-12 Conference go back to December 2,1915, charter members were the University of California, the University of Washington, the University of Oregon, and Oregon Agricultural College. The conference began play in 1916, one year later, Washington State College joined the league, followed by Stanford University in 1918. In 1922, the PCC expanded to eight teams with the admission of USC, Montana joined the Conference in 1924, and in 1928, the PCC grew to 10 members with the addition of UCLA
18.
Rose Bowl Game
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The Rose Bowl Game is an annual American college football bowl game, usually played on January 1 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. When New Years Day falls on a Sunday, the game is played on Monday, the Rose Bowl is nicknamed The Granddaddy of Them All because it is the oldest bowl game. It was first played in 1902, and has played annually since 1916. Since 1945, it has been the highest attended college football bowl game and it is a part of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Associations Americas New Year Celebration, which also includes the historic Rose Parade. Beginning with the 2015 game, the name for sponsorship reasons is the Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual. Vizio was the sponsor from 2012, prior sponsors included AT&T, Sony. In 2015, the game was officially known as the College Football Playoff semifinal at the Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual. In 2002 and 2006, under the Bowl Championship Series system, the Rose Bowl was designated as its championship game, beginning in 2015, the Rose Bowl has been part of the College Football Playoff system and hosts one of its semi-final games every three years. During non-Playoff years, the Rose Bowl reverts to a Pac-12/Big Ten matchup, originally titled the Tournament East–West football game, the first Rose Bowl was played on January 1,1902, starting the tradition of New Years Day bowl games. The football game was added in 1902 to help fund the cost of the Rose Parade, the inaugural game featured Fielding H. Michigan finished the season 11–0 and was crowned the national champion, yost had been Stanfords coach the previous year. The game was so lopsided that for the next 13 years, the Tournament of Roses officials ran chariot races, ostrich races, and other various events instead of football. But, on New Years Day 1916 football returned to stay as The State College of Washington defeated Brown University in the first annual Rose Bowl with that explicit name. Tournament Park was determined to be unsuitable for the larger and larger crowds gathering to watch the game, the Rose Bowl stadium, designed after the Yale Bowl in New Haven, then hosted the first Rose Bowl game in 1923. The name of the stadium was alternatively Tournament of Roses Stadium or Tournament of Roses Bowl, the stadium seating has been reconfigured several times since its original construction in 1922. For many years, the Rose Bowl stadium had the largest football stadium capacity in the United States, the maximum stated seating capacity was 104,594 from 1972 to 1997. Capacity was lowered following the 1998 Rose Bowl, the 2006 Rose Bowl game, which was also the BCS championship game, had a crowd of 93,986, and a crowd of 94,118 saw the 2011 Rose Bowl game between TCU and Wisconsin. The Rose Bowl is also the only BCS bowl game that is held in a non-NFL stadium. S, during the last two years of World War I, teams from military bases met in the Rose Bowl
19.
Pacific Coast Conference
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The Pacific Coast Conference was a college athletic conference in the United States which existed from 1915 to 1959. The name Pacific Coast Conference is now used by a San Diego area community college established in 1982. Established on December 2,1915, its four members were the University of California, the University of Washington, the University of Oregon. Among other complaints, he disdained the quality of education in the Oregon schools, pauley felt that University of California campuses deserved to play against colleges with comparably high academic standards. The PCC had a commissioner, an elaborate constitution, a formal code of conduct. Following the submission of his report, Atherton was promptly hired as commissioner in 1940, the conference was wracked by scandal in 1951. Charges were made and confirmed that University of Oregon football coach Jim Aiken had violated the code for financial aid. After Aiken was compelled to resign, Oregon urged the PCC to look at similar abuses by UCLA football coach Red Sanders, the conference spent five years attempting to reform itself. In 1956, the scandal became public, the scandal first broke in Washington, when in January 1956, several discontented players staged a mutiny against their coach, John Cherberg. After the coach was fired, the PCC followed up on charges of a slush fund, the PCC found evidence of the prohibited activities of the Greater Washington Advertising Fund run by Roscoe C. Torchy Torrance, and in May imposed sanctions, in March, allegations of prohibited payments made by two booster clubs associated with UCLA, the Bruin Bench and the Young Mens Club of Westwood, were published in Los Angeles newspapers. UCLA refused for ten weeks to allow PCC officials to proceed in their investigation and this same alumnus also blew the whistle on Cals phony work program for athletes known as the San Francisco Gridiron Club, with an extension in the Los Angeles area known as the South Seas Fund. The first major reaction came from the University of California system, for Sproul the PCC dispute was not just about athletics, at stake was the ideal of a unified University of California that enjoyed statewide support. This ideal collided with aspirations of UCLA alumni who believed that Sprouls vision would always favor the Berkeley campus at the expense of the younger UCLA campus. Oregon State College president August Leroy Strand wrote, The reasons for California and UCLA dropping out are as different as night, the significance of the whole affair was the union of Berkeley and UCLA. Admissions and scholarship had nothing to do with the withdrawals, the PCC was falling apart, leading to the decision to dissolve after the 1958-59 season. Soon after the PCC was dissolved, five of its nine members created the Athletic Association of Western Universities for the 1959 season, after initially being blocked from admission, three of the four remaining schools would eventually join, but members were not required to play other members. Tensions were high between UCLA and Stanford, as Stanford had voted for UCLAs expulsion from the PCC, Idaho was not involved in the scandals but had become noncompetitive in the PCC
20.
Bowl Championship Series
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The system was in place for the 1998 through 2013 seasons and in 2014 was replaced by the College Football Playoff. The BCS was created to end split championships and for the champion to win the title on the field between the two selected by the BCS. The system also selected match-ups for four other prestigious BCS bowl games, the ten teams selected included the conference champion from each of the six Automatic Qualifying conferences plus four others. The BCS was created by agreement by those six conferences. For the 1998 through 2005 seasons eight teams competed in four BCS bowls and it had been in place since the 1998 season. The BCS replaced the Bowl Alliance, in place from 1995 to 1997, prior to the Bowl Coalitions creation in 1992, the AP Polls number one and two teams had met in a bowl game only 8 times in 56 seasons. The APs top two teams met 13 out of the 16 seasons the BCS was in place, in the 2014 season, the BCS was discontinued and replaced by the College Football Playoff, which organizes a four-team playoff and national championship game. The NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision is the only NCAA-sponsored sport without an officially organized NCAA tournament to determine its champion, instead, the postseason has historically consisted of individual bowl games. The bowl system began in 1902 with the first ever East-West game in Pasadena, California and this game was an exhibition game pitting a highly rated team from the west coast against a team from east of the Mississippi River. This was a time for a postseason game, as fans could take off work or school during this holiday period to travel to the game. In the first game, the University of Michigan Wolverines represented the east, due to the lopsided victory the game did not resume until 1916. The game was renamed the Rose Bowl in the 1920s when play shifted to the Rose Bowl stadium, by the 1930s, the Cotton Bowl Classic, Orange Bowl, and the Sugar Bowl were also held on January 1 to showcase teams from other regions of the country. By the 1940s, college football conferences began signing contracts that tied their team to a particular bowl. This system raised the possibility that the two top-ranked teams in the poll would not play each other in a bowl game. Under these circumstances, it was not uncommon to have the Coaches Poll crown a different national champion than the AP Poll and this situation arose a total of ten different seasons before BCS was formed. For example, in 1991, the University of Miami Hurricanes, since the Huskies were locked into the Rose Bowl as the Pac-10 Conference champion against Big Ten champion Michigan, they could not play then-independent Miami, who played in the Orange Bowl. Both teams won their bowl games convincingly and shared the championship, Miami winning the Associated Press poll. A split national championship has happened on occasions since then as well
21.
Howard Jones (American football coach)
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His 1909 Yale team and four of his USC teams won national championships. Jones coached USC in five Rose Bowls, winning all of them, before coaching, Jones played football at Yale, where he played on three national title-winning teams. He was a member of the class of inductees into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951. Jones was born in Excello, Ohio, near Middletown and he played football for three seasons at Yale University, from 1905 to 1907. During his three years, the Yale Bulldogs never lost a game, going 28–0–2, Yale claims national championships for all three seasons. After graduating in 1908, Jones became the coach at Syracuse University. He led Yale to a 10–0 record in 1909, a season in which Yale claims another national championship, yales 15–0 victory over Syracuse in 1909 was significant in that it was the first time that two brothers had ever faced each other as opposing head coaches. Syracuse was then coached by Howard Joness brother, Tad Jones, after the 1909 season, Howard Jones served a one-year stint as head football coach at Ohio State University in 1910, leading the Buckeyes to a 6–1–3 record. Jones spent four of his five years in private business. A lack of team talent drove him toward greener pastures, and he would enjoy great success at the University of Iowa. Reed Lane, a businessman on the Iowa Athletic Board, was a classmate of Joness when they attended a Yale preparatory school. When Jesse Hawley left after the 1915 season, Iowa offered Jones a contract to become Iowas 11th head football coach on the recommendation of Lane, Jones accepted a five-year contract at $4,500 annually, the longest commitment and most money ever offered to a coach at Iowa. Joness first two years were highlighted by a 67–0 loss to Minnesota in 1916 and a 47–0 loss to Nebraska in 1917, Jones vowed he would never lose by such scores again, and he did not, they remained the two worst losses of his career. In 1918, Iowa defeated Minnesota for the first time in school history and it would be the first of five straight wins over Minnesota for Jones, and Nebraska never again scored a point on a Jones-coached team. The loss of Fred Becker hurt Iowa during that time, Becker was Iowas first first team All-American as a sophomore in 1916. He could have been a star for Jones, but he played just one season before enlisting for the service with the outbreak of World War I. Becker was killed in combat just ten months after being named an All-American, World War I altered the college football landscape. Eligibility rules were relaxed in the Big Ten Conference in 1918, Iowas athletic director also left to serve in the war, so Jones was appointed to that position as well
22.
Kenny Washington (American football)
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Kenneth S. Washington was a professional football player who was the first African-American to sign a contract with a National Football League team in the modern era. Washington was a running back at Abraham Lincoln High School in Los Angeles. UCLA, Washington rushed for 1,914 yards in his college career and he was one of four African American players on the 1939 UCLA Bruins football team, the others being Woody Strode, Jackie Robinson and Ray Bartlett. Washington, Strode, and Robinson starred on the 1939 UCLA Bruins football team and this was a rarity to have so many African Americans when only a few dozen at all played on college football teams. They played eventual conference and national champion USC to a 0-0 tie with the 1940 Rose Bowl on the line and it was the first UCLA-USC rivalry football game with national implications. UCLA teammates have commented how strong Washington was when confronted with racial slurs, Washington led the nation in total offense and became the first consensus All-American in the history of the schools football program in 1939. However, he was named to second team All-America selection instead of the first and was omitted from the East-West Shrine Game that year and these slights were the source of much outrage among West Coast media outlets which blamed them on racial discrimination. According to Time magazines coverage of the 1940 College All-Star Game, after graduation, George Halas attempted to sign Washington to the Chicago Bears, but was blocked by other NFL owners. Instead, Washington played for the Hollywood Bears of the Pacific Coast Professional Football League from 1941 to 1945, as a result, the team signed Washington on March 21,1946, followed by fellow African-American UCLA and Hollywood Bears teammate Woody Strode on May 7. Prior to his first NFL season Washington underwent surgery in both knees, having torn cartilage removed from his knee and what was characterized in the press as a growth from his right. The April surgery was successful and Washington was able to recover in time for the July start of the Rams training camp, Washington appeared in a number of Hollywood films, including Rope of Sand, Pinky, and The Jackie Robinson Story. Washington was a staunch Republican and strongly supported Richard Nixons 1950 U. S. Senate campaign, after retirement from football, Washington became a police officer for the Los Angeles Police Department. For his contribution to sports in Los Angeles, he was honored with a Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Court of Honor plaque by the Coliseum commissioners. He was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1956, Washington died of polyarteritis nodosa on June 24,1971, at the age of 52. List of NCAA major college football yearly total offense leaders 1940 Yearbook Photo Kenny Washington at the Internet Movie Database
23.
Jackie Robinson
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Jack Roosevelt Jackie Robinson was an American professional baseball second baseman who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball in the modern era. Robinson broke the color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15,1947. The Dodgers, by signing Robinson, heralded the end of segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, Robinson had an exceptional 10-year baseball career. Robinson played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodgers 1955 World Series championship, in 1997, MLB universally retired his uniform number,42, across all major league teams, he was the first pro athlete in any sport to be so honored. MLB also adopted a new tradition, Jackie Robinson Day, for the first time on April 15,2004. Robinsons character, his use of nonviolence, and his unquestionable talent challenged the basis of segregation which then marked many other aspects of American life. He influenced the culture of and contributed significantly to the Civil Rights Movement, Robinson also was the first black television analyst in MLB, and the first black vice president of a major American corporation, Chock full oNuts. In the 1960s, he helped establish the Freedom National Bank, in recognition of his achievements on and off the field, Robinson was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and Presidential Medal of Freedom. Robinson was born on January 31,1919, into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo and he was the youngest of five children born to Mallie and Jerry Robinson, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew, and Willa Mae. His middle name was in honor of former President Theodore Roosevelt, after Robinsons father left the family in 1920, they moved to Pasadena, California. The extended Robinson family established itself on a residential plot containing two small houses at 121 Pepper Street in Pasadena, Robinsons mother worked various odd jobs to support the family. Growing up in poverty in an otherwise affluent community, Robinson. As a result, Robinson joined a gang, but his friend Carl Anderson persuaded him to abandon it. In 1935, Robinson graduated from Washington Junior High School and enrolled at John Muir High School, recognizing his athletic talents, Robinsons older brothers Mack and Frank inspired Jackie to pursue his interest in sports. At Muir Tech, Robinson played several sports at the varsity level and lettered in four of them, football, basketball, track and he played shortstop and catcher on the baseball team, quarterback on the football team, and guard on the basketball team. With the track and field squad, he won awards in the broad jump and he was also a member of the tennis team. In late January 1937, the Pasadena Star-News newspaper reported that Robinson for two years has been the athlete at Muir, starring in football, basketball, track, baseball
24.
Bob Waterfield
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Robert Stanton Waterfield was an American football player in the National Football League. He was the leagues Most Valuable Player in 1945 and a two-time NFL champion in 1945 and 1951 as the quarterback, kicker, Waterfield was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965. Born in Elmira, New York, Robert Stanton Bob Waterfield grew up in Southern California in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles and he attended Van Nuys High School, in Van Nuys and went on to play college football for UCLA. He led the Bruins to the Pacific Coast Conference football championship in 1942, the game was scoreless into the fourth quarter until Waterfields punt was blocked for a safety. Georgia added a touchdown to post a 9-0 win, Waterfield entered the U. S. Army in 1943 and while in the service he was selected with the 42nd overall pick of the 1944 NFL Draft by the Cleveland Rams. He was discharged from the due to a knee injury and returned to college. His rookie year in football was in 1945 and he started immediately. Waterfield was taken in quickly by fans, becoming the first ever rookie to win the league’s Most Valuable Player and unanimous All-NFL choice. He ended the season with a win in the NFL Championship game, after the season, he signed a three-year contract for $20,000 per year, which made him the highest-paid player in pro football. In 1946, the Rams moved to Los Angeles, California and he would later split time at quarterback with Norm Van Brocklin, who joined the team as a rookie in 1949. Behind this duo, Los Angeles played in three straight games, 1949-1951. Runners-up in the first two, the Rams regained the title in the 1951 championship game with a 24-17 win over the Cleveland Browns. It was the Rams only league title during their first 49 seasons in southern California, in a 1948 regular season game, the Rams were behind the champion-to-be Philadelphia Eagles 28-0. Waterfield managed to rally the team for a tie on four touchdown passes. In the 1950 divisional playoffs, he was unable to due to a severe flu he had endured. However, he came off the bench anyway and threw three passes in a 24-14 win over the Chicago Bears. In his first four seasons, he played defense and intercepted a career total of 20 passes. As a place kicker, he had 315 successful PATs and 60 field goals, while an accomplished kicker and punter, Waterfield was best known for his ability to throw the deep ball
25.
Henry Russell Sanders
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Henry Russell Red Sanders was an American football player and coach. He was head coach at Vanderbilt University and the University of California at Los Angeles, Sanders 1954 UCLA team was named national champions by the Coaches Poll and the Football Writers Association of America. Sanders was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1996, known for being witty and hard driving, Sanders used the single-wing formation at Vanderbilt and UCLA. He is widely credited with coining the saying, Winning isnt everything, when asked about the UCLA–USC rivalry, Sanders said its not a matter of life and death, its more important than that. He was the first Wizard of Westwood before that title was attributed to UCLA Basketball coach John Wooden, born in Asheville, North Carolina, Sanders spent most of his youth in Nashville, Tennessee. One of his best boyhood friends and classmate at Duncan was renowned sports writer Fred Russell, Sanders attended college at Vanderbilt University in Nashville. He was a four-year letterman both in football and baseball, Sanders was captain of the baseball team in his senior year and a substitute quarterback on the football team. His football coach, Dan McGugin, said of him, Red Sanders has one of the best football minds I have ever known, Sanders was first hired by Josh Cody as the backfield coach of the Clemson Tigers. He got his first head coaching position at Riverside Military Academy, the father of Bucky Curtis hired Sanders for the job. Sanders then assisted the 1938 Florida Gators, again with Cody, and he also had a successful stint as head coach at Vanderbilt, compiling a 36–22–2 record, the best mark by a coach while the school has been a member of the Southeastern Conference. The first top-20 ranking in the history in 1947, where the team was ranked #10 after opening the season with two wins. The team defended its ranking with a defeat of #18 Mississippi, an eight-game winning string to end the 1948 season, including a ranking in the final poll and a defeat of archrival Tennessee. This still stands as the second longest single-season win streak in Vanderbilt football history, Sanders coached the UCLA Bruins from 1949 through 1957. The 1954 Bruins compiled a 9–0 record and climbed to the top of the Coaches Poll, sharing the championship with Ohio State. Due to the PCCs early no repeat rule, the undefeated Bruins were unable to compete in the Rose Bowl that season despite being the PCC champion. Second-place USC, who the Bruins defeated 34–0, played in the 1955 Rose Bowl instead and lost to Big Ten Conference champion and eventual co-national champion Ohio State, 20–7. Sanders appeared as a contestant on the November 18,1954 episode of the quiz program You Bet Your Life, hosted by Groucho Marx. Original air date,1 January 1956, shortly before the 1958 season, Sanders died suddenly of a heart attack in a Los Angeles hotel room on August 14
26.
John McKay (American football)
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John Harvey McKay was an American football coach. He was the coach at the University of Southern California from 1960 to 1975. In 16 seasons at USC, McKay compiled a record of 127–40–8 and his teams made eight appearances in the Rose Bowl, with five wins. Four of his squads captured national titles, Following a disappointing 1975 season, McKay moved to the NFL as the first head coach of the expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In 1976 and 1977, Tampa Bay lost the first 26 games, the Bucs made the playoffs three times under McKay, including an appearance in the NFC Championship Game in 1979. McKay was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1988, on January 1,2014, McKay was named the All-Century Coach of the Rose Bowl Game during the celebration of the 100th Rose Bowl Game. His son represented him in the 2014 Rose Parade, McKay was born in West Virginia in the now-defunct town of Everettville in Monongalia County, where he was raised as a Roman Catholic. He was the third of five born to Scots-Irish parents John. His father was a mine superintendent who died when John was 13 years old. He grew up in Shinnston, and graduated from Shinnston High School in 1941, offered a football scholarship to Wake Forest, McKay was on campus enrolling when his widowed mother became ill. He returned home to West Virginia and worked as an assistant in a coal mine for a year. McKay served as a tailgunner aboard B-29s and saw action in the Pacific Theatre during World War II, after the war, he entered college at Purdue University in 1946 at the age of 23, then transferred to the University of Oregon in 1947. He played football at both schools, at Purdue, he was a halfback, alongside Bob DeMoss and Ed Cody. He split time with Ed Ehlers and his head coach was former NFL Champion Quarterback, Cecil Isbell. At Oregon, he was a halfback for the Ducks, alongside quarterback Norm Van Brocklin, the Ducks went 9-1 in the regular season in 1948, and were 7-0 in the Pacific Coast, co-champions with California. Because the two teams did not meet during the season, the bid to the 1949 Rose Bowl was decided by the university presidents, breaking with tradition, the PCC allowed the co-champions to also play in a bowl game. The Ducks accepted an invitation to the Cotton Bowl in Dallas, when Van Brocklin graduated and moved on to the NFL in 1949, McKay took over the Duck offense and called the audibles from his two-point stance as a running back. Without the future hall of famer, the Ducks slipped to 4-6, without McKay on the field in 1950, Oregon was 1-9 and winless in conference, including shutouts by UCLA and lowly Idaho
27.
Don James (American football)
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Donald Earl Don James was an American football player and coach. He served as the coach at Kent State University from 1971 to 1974 and at the University of Washington from 1975 to 1992. His 1991 Washington team won a share of the championship after completing a 12–0 season with a win over Michigan in the Rose Bowl. James was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1997, born and raised in Massillon, Ohio, James graduated from Massillon High School in 1950. The 2nd youngest of five boys, his oldest brother was Tommy James, a player on Ohio States first national championship team in 1942. As a quarterback for the Miami Hurricanes, James set five school passing records and he earned a bachelors degree in education in 1954 and then was commissioned a lieutenant in the United States Army. James then was assistant for the Jayhawks at the University of Kansas under his former high school coach, Chuck Mather. He coached high school football in Florida at Southwest Miami High School in 1959, then was an assistant coach for 12 seasons at Florida State, Michigan. James was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame in 1992, in 1971, James became the head coach at Kent State in Ohio, where he compiled a 25–19–1 record in four years. There he coached future NFL great Jack Lambert, current college head coach Nick Saban of Alabama, during his tenure at Kent, the Golden Flashes won their only Mid-American Conference title, in 1972, and played in their first bowl game, the 1972 Tangerine Bowl. In December 1974, Don James was hired by University of Washington athletic director Joseph Kearney to succeed Jim Owens as head coach, James served in this capacity for 18 seasons, from 1975 to 1992. He led the Huskies to a championship in 1991, shared with Miami. James teams won four Rose Bowls, the Orange Bowl in January 1985, overall, James tallied a 153–57–2 mark for a winning percentage of.722 at Washington, including a then-record 98 wins in Pacific-10 Conference play. Washington won 22 consecutive games from 1990 to 1992, during the 1992 season, it was revealed that several Huskies players had received improper benefits. Among them, starting quarterback Billy Joe Hobert had received a series of loans totaling $50,000 made by a friends father-in-law. The Huskies received sanctions from both the NCAA and Pacific-10 Conference, though notably James and the staff were not specifically cited as having broken any rules. James resigned from his coaching position on August 22,1993. James won national coach of the year honors in 1977,1984
28.
Pete Carroll
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Peter Clay Carroll is an American football coach who is the head coach and executive vice president of the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League. He is a head coach of the New York Jets, New England Patriots. Carroll is one of three football coaches who have won both a Super Bowl and a college football national championship. Carroll is the oldest head coach working in the NFL. Carroll was born in San Francisco, California, the son of Rita, two of his paternal great-grandparents were Irish immigrants, and his Croatian maternal grandparents emigrated from around the region of Dubrovnik. Carroll attended Redwood High School in Larkspur, California and he was a multi-sport star in football, basketball, and baseball, earning the schools Athlete of the Year honors as a senior in 1969. He was inducted into the class of the Redwood High School Athletic Hall of Fame in April 2009. Carroll has stated one of his favorite players growing up was LSU defensive back Tommy Casanova. To make ends meet, he found a job selling roofing materials in the Bay Area, Carrolls energetic and positive personality made a good impression on his head coach, Chester Caddas. When Caddas found out Carroll was interested in coaching, he offered him a job as an assistant on his staff at Pacific. The assistants at Pacific during this time included a number of future successful coaches, including Greg Robinson, Jim Colletto, Walt Harris, Ted Leland. Carroll was inducted into the Pacific Athletic Hall of Fame in 1995, after graduating from Pacific, Carrolls colleague Bob Cope was hired by the University of Arkansas and he convinced Lou Holtz, then the head coach of the Razorbacks, to also hire Carroll. Carroll spent the 1977 season as an assistant working with the secondary under Cope. The Razorbacks won the 1978 Orange Bowl that season, the following season, Carroll moved to Iowa State University, where he was again an assistant working on the secondary under Earle Bruce. When Bruce moved on to Ohio State University, he brought Carroll, the Ohio State squad made it to the 1980 Rose Bowl where they lost to USC. When Monte Kiffin was named coach of North Carolina State University in 1980, he brought Carroll in as his defensive coordinator. In 1983, Bob Cope became head coach of Pacific and brought Carroll on as assistant head coach, Carroll left Pacific after a year and entered the NFL in 1984 as the defensive backs coach of the Buffalo Bills. The next year, he moved onto the Minnesota Vikings where he held a position for five seasons
29.
Tommy Trojan
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Tommy Trojan, officially known as the Trojan Shrine, is one of the most recognizable figures of school pride at the University of Southern California. The life-size bronze statue of a Trojan warrior sits in the center of campus and serves as a meeting spot. It is the most popular mascot of the university. The Trojan Shrine was sculpted by Roger Noble Burnham and based on a variety of USC football players, including Russ Saunders, Ernie Pinckert, Henry Becker, Larry Stevens, the statue was unveiled during the Universitys 50th Jubilee in 1930. It cost $10,000 to build, after which a $1 surcharge was added onto the season football tickets in order to offset this cost. The original name suggested for the statue was The Spirit of Troy, Tommy Trojan is located at the core of the campus and often serves as a meeting ground for students and visitors. Many people take pictures with the statue, the Shrine is surrounded by the Bovard Administration Building, Ronald Tutor Campus Center, and Alumni Park. Trousdale Parkway passes next to the statue, USC offers the Tommy Cam, which is a live image of the statue, with daily time-lapse videos. The statue is unique in that the figure is flexing every muscle in his body, inscribed on the base of the statue are the five attributes of the ideal Trojan, Faithful, Scholarly, Skillful, Courageous and Ambitious. On the reverse is a bearing a quote by Virgil, Here are provided seats of meditative joy. USCs cross-town rival UCLA had vandalized Tommy Trojan during the week of the annual USC-UCLA football game, to prevent this, university officials now cover the statue during that week to protect it from UCLA vandals. Students also gather for Save Tommy Nite on the night before the game against UCLA, in addition, members of the Trojan Knights maintain an all-night vigil around Tommy Trojan during the rivalry week to further deter would-be pranksters. Many people identify Tommy Trojan as the symbol of the university, however, Tommy Trojan is not USCs official mascot, that title belongs to Traveler, a white Andalusian horse. Before Traveler, a local dog named George Tirebiter served as the unofficial mascot. A statue of the dog is also a feature of the campus, about. usc. edu Photographs featuring inscriptions from the base - Tommy Trojan, the Mascot of USC
30.
Trojan Knights
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The Trojan Knights are an American service and spirit organization associated specifically with the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. The organization is dedicated to Brotherhood, Philanthropy, & Spirit and its members have been recognized by USC as the Official Hosts of the University. The group has been a part of university traditions and remains active in on- and off-campus events. While not a traditional Greek fraternity, the Trojan Knights have many similar to fraternities such as a pledge semester, rush process. The Knights were founded in 1921 by USC students Harry Pryor, Harry Kennedy, after the USC-UCLA rivalry game in 1941, six Trojan Knights discreetly plotted and carried out what is now politely referred to as the appropriation of the Victory Bell from the UCLA sidelines. In 1946, a Knight rescued a dog from a Santa Monica beach, a year later, after becoming a common sight around campus, the dog would become USCs unofficial mascot. Knights would continue to care for the dog who was killed in a car crash. A statue honoring the dogs memory currently stands at the end of Trousdale Parkway on the USC campus. The Knights are also linked to the origins of Traveler, the horse that currently serves as USCs official mascot. Although the first official Traveler did not appear until 1961, a Trojan Knight named Arthur J. Gontier III rode a horse at a USC football game in 1954. This, along with an appearance by a horse in 1948. The Knights later received media attention after the Westwood Sucks card stunt incident. During the 1971 ABC broadcast of the USC-UCLA rivalry game, only the part of a Knights-organized card stunt meant to read Why do people go to UCLA. Westwood sucks. them in made the air, throughout this time, Knights were also involved in arranging and hosting university events not related to athletics. The Knights have gained national visibility as a result of their activities during each football season. Knights have been featured on ESPNs College GameDay body-painting with the colors and letters spelling out messages. The Knights are also involved in various rivalry week activities surrounding the game against UCLA. In recent years, the Knights have taken to wrapping Tommy Trojan in cellophane, the Knights also guard the Victory Bell on game days, and ring it after touchdowns during the first three quarters of all home games when it is in USC possession
31.
Flag football
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An important distinction is whether linemen are allowed to catch passes or, as in the NFL / CFL, are not allowed to do so. Flag football may also be divided into contact or non-contact, depending on whether or not blocking is allowed, if allowed, the ability or inability for the quarterback to advance the ball past the line of scrimmage by running is another rule subject to variation by league. The sport has an amateur following and several national and international competitions each year sponsored by various associations. The majority of flag football leagues are organized by recreation departments of cities and municipalities. Pickup games are common, as football is first and foremost a recreational sport. Flag football tournaments are held to boost competitive play, every Memorial Day weekend in Roswell, NM. Hike it & Spike it 4-on-4 flag football has almost 600 teams playing in 42 divisions, young, old, male and female are all welcome in the alien city. The United States Flag and Touch Football League has a number of smaller organizations spread out over the US, located in Ohio, this league supports a number of teams from the Mid Atlantic, NorthEast, and Midwest states. On the west coast XFLAGFOOTBALL has over 15 leagues throughout Southern California, in the south, FlagFootballX hosts many of the largest 5on5 cash tournaments, located in Dallas, TX. Texan Flag Football hosts many tournaments and leagues in the Houston area as well. TAAF hosts a yearly 8on8 State Championship at a rotating location throughout Texas, Flag lists all of Texas and the bordering states tournaments in one location to browse but does not host their own events. I9Sports a youth sports league franchise business in the U. S. is one of the countrys largest providers of flag football leagues for boys and girls ages 3–14. Flag football participation has increased in the past decade while participation in football among kids under age 14 has declined amid growing safety concerns from parents. National Flag Football is the countrys largest youth football organization, with leagues in six states. The NFL conducts their own Youth World Championship for children 12–14 years of age, held in different nations around the world. It is five man no contact football played between ten countries, previous NFL Flag Football World Championships have been held in Beijing, Cologne, Mexico City, Tokyo, Toronto, and Vancouver. The NFL has also at times sanctioned Air It Out competitions aimed primarily at its fans in which tournament-winning teams were allowed to compete against retired NFL All-Pros, Air It Out has now been rebranded as Let It Fly a nationwide tour operated by North American Sports Group. Many universities around the continent have flag football divisions and leagues, the organization is the largest organization for women and girls in the sport of flag football
32.
Daily Bruin
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The Daily Bruin is the student newspaper at the University of California, Los Angeles. It began publishing in 1919, the year UCLA was founded and it is now the only five-day paper serving a University of California campus. The Bruin distributes 9,000 copies across campus each school day and it also publishes prime, a quarterly arts, culture and lifestyle magazine, and Bruinwalk. com, a professor and apartment review website. Roughly 600 students work at the paper during the school year, the Bruins staff also publishes prime, a quarterly lifestyle magazine, and Bruinwalk. com, a professor and apartment review site. It is published by the ASUCLA Communications Board, which sets policies for the newspaper and other communications media. The current editor in chief is Tanner Walters, the Daily Bruin office and newsroom is located on the first floor of Kerckhoff Hall, Room 118. The Daily Bruin was preceded by the weekly Normal Outlook on the campus of UCLAs predecessor, the Los Angeles State Normal School, from 1910 through 1918 or 1919. Upon the establishment in fall 1919 of the Southern Branch of the University of California, as UCLA was first known, the twice-weekly Cub Californian was first issued on Sept.29,1919. Its name was changed to the California Grizzly with the issue of March 21,1924, on October 22,1926, the newspaper became known as the California Daily Bruin. During World War II it reduced its frequency to three times a week under the title California Bruin, reverting to a daily publication at wars end. On April 2,1948, the name was changed to UCLA Daily Bruin, in the 1950s the Summer Bruin was again taken over by the Administration, and controversial social issues were banned from print during the summers. Until 1955 the Associated Students was considered the publisher of the Daily Bruin, sometimes directly under the student council, editors were named by the student council. This system resulted in frequent political struggles between the staff and the student council, editors had to run for elective office just like politicians, and the newspaper was closely controlled by the Council, wrote William C. These were apparently a tongue-in-cheek report that some sorority women had been seen cavorting nude in the Pacific Ocean surf and this article was included in a twice-yearly burlesque edition of the Daily Bruin known as Hells Bells. Some of those students were later reinstated and that was the last issue of Hells Bells. Dean of Student Milton E. Hahn had sent a memorandum to Chancellor Raymond B. Allen on Dec.7,1954, after a preparation period of almost two years. He wrote, We have gathered here for the funeral of The Daily Bruin as a free newspaper. The Bruin is not actually dead yet, but on the action will depend whether it will live or die
33.
UCLA Bruin Marching Band
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The 270-member UCLA Bruin Marching Band, known as The Solid Gold Sound, represents the university at major athletic and extracurricular events. During the fall marching season, the band performs at the Rose Bowl for UCLA Bruin home football games. Pregame shows by the aim to build crowd energy and enthusiasm with traditional UCLA songs like Strike Up the Band for UCLA, Sons of Westwood. Throughout the game, the band performs custom-arranged rock and pop songs, as well as the fight songs. The UCLA Varsity Band appears at games and other athletic contests in Pauley Pavilion. The UCLA band program, which includes the Marching and Varsity Bands, the Wind Ensemble, Band appearances at athletic events are funded primarily by student registration fees, a direct allocation from the Chancellors Office and donations to the Solid Gold Sound Club. The 1993, UCLA Bruin Marching Band was awarded the Sudler Trophy, all marching members and teaching assistants in the Bruin Marching Band are full-time UCLA students. The UCLA Marching Band marches in a corps style with low mark times. Field formations include fast moving precision drill progressions, letter blocks, pictures, concert arcs, the band does many different styles of shows, depending upon the occasion. In 1925, at the Vermont Avenue campus, the UCLA Marching Band originated as a 50-piece ROTC unit under the direction of W. G. Powell. The band was part of the group when John Philip Sousa visited Los Angeles in 1928. At that time, the director was Ben Laietsky, a member of Sousas band, the band remained a military group until 1934. In 1935, under the direction of Leroy Allen, the became an integral part of campus life. The original uniforms were military style, with caps and waist-length capes. Under directors C. B. Hunt and Patton McNaughton, the increased in size to 128 members by 1947. In 1952, Clarence Sawhill became director of bands, F. Kelly James became the director of the marching band, a position he would hold until suffering a stroke at the UCLA-Cal football game in 1980. Sawhill and James grew the UCLA band program to include a 100-piece Concert Band, an 80-piece Symphonic Wind Ensemble, a 144-piece Marching Band, in the 1950s the UCLA Marching Band uniforms were gold/yellow jackets with navy blue pants, blue shakos and white shoes. The band marched in a military style, the band appeared in color on the cover of the November 26,1956 issue of Sports Illustrated
34.
Spirit of Troy
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The Spirit of Troy is the only collegiate band to have two platinum records. In addition, the band has performed for five U. S. presidents, at the Summer Olympics, and on the Academy Awards, Grammy Awards, a contingent of the band has performed at every USC football game, home and away, since 1987. It also makes a trip at least every other year. The Trojan Shrine, the symbol of USC and popularly known as Tommy Trojan, was supposed to be named The Spirit of Troy. The TMBs first recorded performance was in November 1918 when, at the end of World War I, fight On, the fight song of the University was composed in 1922 and became a part of the TMB tradition. In 1923, the alma mater, All Hail, was composed by a member of the TMB. The TMB gave its first national radio concert on CBS on April 19,1929, the band participated in the 1932 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, forming the Olympic Braid in the opening ceremonies in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. After wearing various uniforms over the years, particularly those with a military-style, three years later, the TMB adopted Conquest, a song composed by Alfred Newman for the film Captain from Castile as a victory march. The TMB made its first trip outside of California in 1954, traveling to Portland, Oregon to play a USC-Oregon game that the Trojans would win, during the Grammy Awards of 1966, TMB trumpet alumnus Herb Alpert won three Grammy Awards, including Record of the Year. Arthur Bartner took over the program in 1970, and began shaping the band into its current form, women were allowed to join the band in 1972. After several more changes, the TMB began using more elaborate Trojan helmets with brushes, visors. In 1973 the TMB began its tradition of sending the band to games at USC-Notre Dame rivalry games at Notre Dame Stadium. In 1979, the TMB was invited by Fleetwood Mac to perform and record Tusk, the album went double-platinum and was adopted as a part of the TMBs traditional selections. Additionally, the later played on another multi-platinum Fleetwood Mac album. During the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, Bartner directed an 800-member All American College Marching Band,125 of whom were members of the TMB, the band also participated in Super Bowl XXIV in New Orleans, the opening ceremony of the 1994 FIFA World Cup. In 1993, USC alumnus and then U. S, representative Christopher Cox welcomed the band from the floor of the Congress. The TMB participated in Expo 2005 in Nagoya, Japan, while performing in Tokyo. In 2006 the TMB went to Italy and performed in Venice, Florence, in 2016 the band became the first American performing group invited to participate in Macaus Chinese new year parade
35.
American Collegiate Hockey Association
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The American Collegiate Hockey Association is a chartered non-profit corporation that is the national governing body of club or non-varsity college ice hockey in the United States. The organization provides structure, regulations, promotes the quality of play, sponsors National Awards, the ACHA currently has three mens and two womens divisions and includes approximately 450 teams from across the United States. Teams offer few athletic scholarships and typically receive far less university funding, the ACHA offers an opportunity for college hockey programs that struggle with large budgets and Title IX issues, as an alternative to the National Collegiate Athletic Association financial structure. Sometimes, NCAA and ACHA teams will compete against one another, the ACHAs primary mission is to support the growth of two-year and four-year collegiate hockey programs nationwide. The ACHA identifies standards that serve to unite and regulate teams at the collegiate level, in order to do this, the ACHA has developed organizational by-laws and a Policies and Procedures Manual to provide the policy foundation for the organization as it works to fulfill its purpose. These documents are reviewed yearly at the ACHAs annual meeting, the league holds its annual meeting in conjunction with the annual convention of the American Hockey Coaches Association, in the month of April in Naples, Florida. The ACHA was established on April 20,1991, fifteen charter members met during the Chicago Showcase in Skokie, Illinois at the North Shore Hilton. These member teams had been playing hockey for many years. The inaugural year of the ACHA was the 1991–1992 season, the goal of the organization was to create an impartial governing body to monitor national tournaments, player eligibility, and general oversight. Over the years the ACHA quickly grew to over 150 teams in three mens divisions, a Womens Division was added in 2000 with a second Womens division being added for the 2006–2007 season. By the 2002–2003 season that number raised to over 250 teams, by the 2003–2004 season the number raised to 278 teams,40 teams in D-1,124 teams in D-2,87 teams in D-3, and 27 teams in the Womens Division. By the summer of 2007 ACHA membership had reached 360 teams, during the summer of 2009 the University of Alaska Fairbanks established a Womens Division 2 team becoming the 49th state in the ACHA. Hawaii is currently the state without an ACHA team. Every year since 2003, the Mens Division 1 Showcase has been an event that some of the top teams in the ACHA. ACHA partners with Fasthockey. com to broadcast many of the leagues games, the ACHA includes both Mens and Womens Divisions. The Mens side is made up of three Divisions,1,2, and 3, Division 3 was the last to be established in 1999. Each division has its own distinguishing set of guidelines which are explained below, the Womens side has two divisions. Division 1 began in 2000 and Division 2 is the most recent addition to the ACHA with its inception in 2006, despite most teams non-varsity status, the caliber of ACHA play can be quite high, especially in Division 1
36.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
37.
USC Trojans men's rugby
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The USC Trojans Rugby Football Club is the official rugby team of the University of Southern California. The club competes in the PAC Rugby Conference, the Southern California Rugby Football Union, milford took over the program in 2015 after USC alumnus Dave Lytle retired after coaching the team since 1980. Lytle had achieved success, leading the Trojans to a Division Championship in 2005. Dominic Riebli is the current Director of Rugby, austin Reed and Bryan Randles were both standout players during their undergraduate educations and returned as alumni coaches. USCs home is at the McAllister Field, located near the Fraternity Row at USC in downtown Los Angeles, Rugby is USC’s oldest and most prestigious club sport. The team was founded in 1886 and it was briefly replaced by American Football at USC before a British professor on tenure brought the game back to the university in 1910
38.
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
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The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is an American sports stadium located in the Exposition Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The stadium serves as the home to the University of Southern California Trojans football team, the facility has a permanent seating capacity of 93,607 for USC football games, making it the largest football stadium in the Pac-12 Conference. For Rams games, capacity is at 80,000, giving it the fourth-largest capacity in the NFL, the stadium is located in Exposition Park and across the street from USC. From 1959 to 2016, the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena was located adjacent to the Coliseum, the Coliseum is the first stadium to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games twice, in 1932 and 1984 and has been proposed to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The stadium was the home of the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball from 1958 to 1961 and was the host venue for games 3,4. It was the site of the First AFL-NFL World Championship Game, later called Super Bowl I, additionally, it has served as a home field for a number of other teams, including the Los Angeles Raiders of the NFL, and UCLA Bruins football. It was declared a National Historic Landmark on July 27,1984, under the lease the University has day-to-day management and operation responsibility for both the Coliseum and Sports Arena. The 98-year lease took effect on July 29,2013, and was signed by the parties on September 5,2013. The Coliseum is now primarily the home of the USC Trojans football team, Most of USCs regular home games, especially the alternating games with rivals UCLA and Notre Dame, attract a capacity crowd. The current official capacity of the Coliseum is 93,607, USCs women lacrosse and soccer teams use the Coliseum for selected games, usually involving major opponents and televised games. USC also rents the Coliseum to various events, including soccer games, musical concerts. The Olympic Cauldron was built for the stadiums two Olympic Games and it is still lit during the fourth quarter of USC football games, and other special occasions. It was lit to honor the fallen Israeli Athletes from the 1972 Munich Olympics Games and it was also lit for several days following the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. The torch was lit for over a following the September 11 attacks in 2001. In 2004, the cauldron was lit non-stop for seven days in tribute to president Ronald Reagan and it was lit again in April 2005 following the death of Pope John Paul II, who had celebrated Mass at the Coliseum during his visit to Los Angeles in 1987. At the Los Angeles Dodgers 50th anniversary game on March 29,2008, charity ceremony, while Neil Diamonds Heartlight was played and the majority of the attendees turned on their complimentary souvenir keychain flashlights. It was lit for the duration of Special Olympics World Games held in Los Angeles from July 25,2015 to August 2,2015, the cauldron was most recently lit for the returning Los Angeles Rams first home game on September 18,2016 against the Seattle Seahawks. The Coliseum was commissioned in 1921 as a memorial to L. A. veterans of World War I, the official ground breaking ceremony took place on December 21,1921 with work being completed in just over 16 months, on May 1,1923
39.
Rose Bowl (stadium)
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The Rose Bowl is an outdoor athletic stadium in Pasadena, California, just outside Los Angeles. At a modern capacity of a configuration at 88,500 the Rose Bowl is the 17th-largest stadium in the world, the 11th-largest stadium in the United States. One of the most famous stadiums in sporting history, the Rose Bowl is best known as an American football venue, since 1982, the stadium has also served as the home stadium of the UCLA Bruins football team. The stadium has hosted five Super Bowl games, second most of any venue. UCLA and the Pasadena Tournament of Roses also have one member on the company board, the game now known as the Rose Bowl Game was played at Tournament Park until 1922. The Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association, the organizer, realized the temporary stands were inadequate for a crowd of more than 40,000. The stadium was designed by architect Myron Hunt in 1921 and his design was influenced by the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut, which was built in 1913 and opened in 1914. The Arroyo Seco was selected as the location for the stadium, the Rose Bowl was under construction from 1921 to 1922. The nearby Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum also was under construction during this time, originally built as a horseshoe, the stadium was expanded several times. The southern stands were completed in 1928, making the stadium a complete bowl, the stadium is extremely hard to get to due to the traffic caused by single-lane residential street access. The stadium has no dedicated parking lot for visitors and parking issues have routinely caused visitors to two to three hours completing the last mile to the stadium on game days. In 2016, Rose Bowl contracted ParkJockey to streamline parking in, there are also shuttles to help visitors get to the stadium and mobile lights powered by generators to provide visibility for people walking on the golf course at night. The first game was a regular season contest on October 28,1922 when Cal defeated USC 12–0 and this was the only loss for USC and California finished the season undefeated. California declined the invitation to the 1923 Rose Bowl game and USC went in their place, the stadium was dedicated officially on January 1,1923 when USC defeated Penn State 14–3. The stadium seating has been reconfigured several times since its construction in 1922, the South end was filled in to complete the bowl and more seats have been added. The original wooden benches were replaced by aluminum benches in 1969, All new grandstand and loge seats had been installed since 1971. New red seat backs had been added on 22,000 seats prior to the 1980 Rose Bowl, a Rose Bowl improvement was conducted because of UCLAs 1982 move and the 1984 Summer Olympics. This resulted in new seat backs for 50,000 seats, for many years, the Rose Bowl had the largest football stadium capacity in the United States, eventually being surpassed by Michigan Stadium
40.
Karl Dorrell
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Karl Dorrell is an American football coach, former player and the current Wide Receiver coach for the New York Jets. He most recently served as the coordinator at Vanderbilt University. Dorrell served as the football coach of the University of California, Los Angeles from 2003 to 2007. He led the UCLA Bruins to five bowl appearance in five seasons, Dorrell was the first and is the only African American head football coach in UCLAs history. Karl attended Helix High School in La Mesa, California, where he played football and he was a two-time all-league selection and an honorable mention All-American as a senior. He led Helix to the CIF San Diego Section second place in 1981, Karl went on to play football at UCLA, earning four varsity letters in football. He was one of the most successful wide receivers at UCLA with 1,517 receiving yards on 108 receptions and he suffered a shoulder injury in 1984 and was granted an extra year of eligibility by the NCAA. He played on a team won the Rose Bowl in 1983,1984, and 1986. During the 1983 season, he was a teammate of quarterback Rick Neuheisel and he caught touchdowns from Neuheisel during the season, including two in the 1984 Rose Bowl. In the 1986 UCLA vs. USC game, Dorrell was on the end of a play that the Los Angeles Times dubbed Hail Mary. They would go on to win 45-20 and he had a brief career as a player in the NFL with the Dallas Cowboys in the 1987 season, but he was placed on the injured reserve. Dorrells first job as a coach was in 1988, as an assistant for Terry Donahue at UCLA. That season the Bruins finished the season with a record of 10-2, in 1989, he became a wide receivers coach at Central Florida. In 1990 and 1991 he was the coordinator and receivers coach at Northern Arizona. Under his tutelage, the NAU offense set a record with 255 first downs in 1991. From 1992 to 1993, Dorrell coached wide receivers at Colorado and he then served as wide receivers coach at Arizona State in 1994 before returning to Colorado when they hired his former UCLA teammate, Rick Neuheisel, as their head coach. This time, he would serve as receivers coach and offensive coordinator from 1995 to 1998. When Neuheisel left Colorado for Washington, he brought four assistant coaches with him - including Dorrell, in both 1993 and 1999, Dorrell was a recipient of Denver Broncos Minority Coaching Fellowships, which allowed him to spend time in the Broncos training camp
41.
Rick Neuheisel
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Richard Gerald Rick Neuheisel, Jr. is an American football analyst, former coach, former player, and attorney. From 2005 to 2007, Neuheisel was an assistant coach with the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League, Neuheisel was born in Madison, Wisconsin, one of four children and the only son of Dick and Jane Neuheisel, with sisters Nancy, Katie, and Deborah. Dick is an attorney and Rick grew up in Tempe, Arizona and he lettered in three sports and was named its outstanding athlete during his senior year. Neuheisel played his football at UCLA, beginning his career as a walk-on. He was the quarterback in his senior year in the 1983 season. UCLA opened with a loss at Georgia, a tie with Arizona State, Neuheisel was benched after the Nebraska loss in favor of Steve Bono. On October 1, the Bruins lost to BYU to start the season 0–3–1, Bono was injured during the Stanford game, and Neuheisel came back to finish the season. The victory vaulted the Bruins, unranked through most of the season, much like his rise to stardom at UCLA, the road to the victory was a bumpy one. Neuheisel and two players on the defensive side of the ball suffered from food poisoning hours before the Rose Bowl. Neuheisel would end up starting the game and he also set an NCAA record that year for single game pass completion percentage by completing 25 of 27 passes in a Pac-10 win over Washington. In 1998, Neuheisel was inducted into the Rose Bowl Hall of Fame, Neuheisel was named to the Pac-10 All-Academic team and graduated from UCLA in May 1984 with a B. A. in political science and a 3.4 GPA. Neuheisel still holds the UCLA single season record for completion percentage and he was also a member of Sigma Nu fraternity while a student. Neuheisel bypassed the 1984 NFL draft and joined the San Antonio Gunslingers of the USFL, never considered a major NFL prospect, he went undrafted in the NFLs supplemental draft of USFL players and his career in that league was extremely brief, lasting only five weeks. In the 1987 season, Neuheisel signed with the San Diego Chargers as a replacement player during the three-game long players strike, while with the Chargers, Neuheisel scored the last one-point conversion on a run in the NFL, the conversion was changed to two points in 1994. He spent the last two weeks of season as a backup with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, not playing in either game. While attending USC Law School on an NCAA postgraduate scholarship, Neuheisel served as an assistant with UCLA. He graduated with a Juris Doctor from USC in 1990 and passed the Arizona State Bar in May 1991 and he later became a full-time assistant coach in 1988, and stayed at UCLA through the 1993 season. In 1994, he moved to Colorado as an assistant to Bill McCartney, McCartney retired following the 1994 season and Neuheisel, age 34, was named the head coach
