1.
Lake Carnegie (New Jersey)
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Lake Carnegie is a reservoir that is formed from a dam on the Millstone River, in the far northeastern corner of Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey. The Delaware and Raritan Canal and its tow path are situated along the eastern shore of the lake. Noted businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie donated money for the construction of the lake, in 1990, the Lake Carnegie Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The lake, which is owned, is used by the universitys rowing team. It is, however, available for use for activities such as ice skating, fishing. Fish species include bass, carp, pickerel, crappie, channel catfish and occasionally a few rainbow. Years of pollution have led to a decrease in the lakes safety levels. Efforts to improve the quality of Carnegie Lake are ongoing. An aerial view of this appears in the opening title sequence of the drama series House M. D. Prior to the construction of the lake, Princetons varsity crew rowed on the narrow Delaware and Raritan Canal, the team had discussed their desire to construct a lake in Princeton, but no plans were ever developed. In 1902, one of the former members was asked to paint a portrait of noted philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. While sitting for Butler, Carnegie discussed the many lochs he had built in his native Scotland, Butler relayed the plans he and his teammates had discussed previously to Carnegie, who took an immediate interest in the project. He asked Butler to investigate the potential cost and feasibility of constructing such a lake in Princeton, after working with a New York engineering company, Butler informed Carnegie that the estimated construction costs would be US$118,000. Carnegie visited the university campus to view the site. In 1903, a group of Princeton alumni began purchasing farmland that occupied areas of the projected basin and they, in turn, sold this land to Carnegie. This was done in order to avoid arousing the suspicions of local residents, by 1905, the needed land was purchased and the work of clearing the area and constructing the bridges and dam began. Carnegie attended the opening ceremony on December 5,1906. He was met by a group including university president Woodrow Wilson, Carnegie and Wilson led an academic procession into Alexander Hall, where Carnegie was greeted enthusiastically by attending students
2.
Princeton, New Jersey
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As of the 2010 United States Census, the municipalitys population was 28,572, reflecting the former townships population of 16,265, along with the 12,307 in the former borough. Princeton was founded before the American Revolution and is best known as the location of Princeton University, Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to major highways that serve both cities, and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jerseys capital city, the governor of New Jerseys official residence has been in Princeton since 1945, when Morven in the borough became the first Governors mansion. It was later replaced by the larger Drumthwacket, a mansion located in the former Township. Morven became a property of the New Jersey Historical Society. Princeton was ranked 15th of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live, although residents of Princeton traditionally have a strong community-wide identity, the community had been composed of two separate municipalities, a township and a borough. The central borough was completely surrounded by the township, the Borough contained Nassau Street, the main commercial street, most of the University campus, and incorporated most of the urban area until the postwar suburbanization. The Borough and Township had roughly equal populations, the Lenni Lenape Native Americans were the earliest identifiable inhabitants of the Princeton area. Europeans founded their settlement in the part of the 17th century. The first European to find his home in the boundaries of the town was Henry Greenland. He built his house in 1683 along with a tavern, in this drinking hole representatives of West Jersey and East Jersey met to set boundaries for the location of the township. Originally, Princeton was known only as part of nearby Stony Brook, James Leonard first referred to the town as Princetown, when describing the location of his large estate in his diary. The town bore a variety of names subsequently, including, Princetown, Princes Town, although there is no official documentary backing, the town is considered to be named after King William III, Prince William of Orange of the House of Nassau. Another theory suggests that the name came from a large land-owner named Henry Prince, a royal prince seems a more likely eponym for the settlement, as three nearby towns had similar names, Kingston, Queenstown and Princessville. When Richard Stockton, one of the founders of the township, died in 1709 he left his estate to his sons, who helped to expand property, based on the 1880 United States Census, the population of the town comprised 3,209 persons. Local population has expanded from the nineteenth century, according to the 2010 Census, Princeton Borough had 12,307 inhabitants, while Princeton Township had 16,265. Aside from housing the university of the name, the settlement suffered the revolutionary Battle of Princeton on its soil
3.
Princeton Tigers
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The Princeton Tigers are the athletic teams of Princeton University. The school sponsors 31 varsity sports, the school has won several NCAA national championships, including one in mens fencing, six in mens lacrosse, three in womens lacrosse, and eight in mens golf. Princetons mens and womens crews have won numerous national rowing championships. The field hockey team made history in 2012 as the first Ivy League team to win the Division I NCAA Championship in field hockey and it is nicknamed the perennial giant killer, a nickname that it acquired during Pete Carrils coaching career from 1967–1996. Its most notable upset was the 1996 defeat of defending NCAA champion UCLA in the opening round. In 1989, the team almost became the only #16 seed to win, losing to Georgetown 50-49, during that 29-year span, Pete Carril won thirteen Ivy League championships and received eleven NCAA berths and two NIT bids. Princeton placed third in the 1965 NCAA Tournament and won the NIT championship in 1975, the deliberate Princeton offense is a legacy of his coaching career. It is employed by a number of collegiate basketball teams. From 1992–2001, a span, the mens basketball team entered the NCAA tournament four times. Notably, the Ivy League has never had an entry in the NCAA tournament. Princeton tied the record for fewest points in a Division I game since the 3-point line started in 1986–87 when they scored 21 points in a loss against Monmouth University on December 14,2005. The 1924–25 team was named the national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation. Princetons Varsity Womens basketball program is the strongest in the Ivy League, courtney Banghart, a Dartmouth graduate, is entering her tenth season as the Tigers highly esteemed head coach. The football team has competed since 1869 and played in the first game against Rutgers University and they have won 24 national championships when the school competed in what is now known as the FBS. Twenty-one former players have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, the game, between Rutgers College and the College of New Jersey, took place on November 6,1869 at College Field in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Rutgers won by a score of six runs to Princetons four, the 1869 game between Rutgers and Princeton is notable because it is the first documented game of any sport called football between two American colleges. It is also noteworthy because it occurred two years before a codified rugby game would be played in England, the Princeton/Rutgers game was significantly different from American rules football today but, nonetheless, it was the first inter-collegiate football contest in the United States. Another similar game took place between Rutgers and Columbia University in 1870 and a notable game took place between Tufts University and Harvard University in 1875
4.
Rowing (sport)
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Rowing, often referred to as crew in the United States, is a sport with origins back to Ancient Egyptian times. It is based on propelling a boat on water using oars, by pushing against the water with an oar, a force is generated to move the boat. The sport can be recreational, where the focus is on learning the technique of rowing, or competitive. There are a number of different boat classes in which athletes compete, modern rowing as a competitive sport can be traced to the early 10th century when races were held between professional watermen on the River Thames in London, United Kingdom. Often prizes were offered by the London Guilds and Livery Companies, amateur competition began towards the end of the 18th century with the arrival of boat clubs at the British public schools of Eton College and Westminster School. Similarly, clubs were formed at the University of Oxford, with a race held between Brasenose College and Jesus College in 1815, at the University of Cambridge the first recorded races were in 1827. In 1843, the first American college rowing club was formed at Yale University, the International Rowing Federation, responsible for international governance of rowing, was founded in 1892 to provide regulation at a time when the sport was gaining popularity. Across six continents,150 countries now have rowing federations that participate in the sport, Rowing is one of the oldest Olympic sports. Though it was on the programme for the 1896 games, racing did not take due to bad weather. Womens rowing was added to the Olympic programme in 1976, today, only fourteen boat classes race at the Olympics, Each year the World Rowing Championships is staged by FISA with 22 boat classes raced. In Olympic years only the boat classes are raced at the World Championships. The European Rowing Championships are held annually, along with three World Rowing Cups in which each event earns a number of points for a country towards the World Cup title, since 2008, rowing has also been competed at the Paralympic Games. Many other competitions often exist for racing clubs, schools, and universities in each nation. While rowing, the athlete sits in the boat facing toward the stern and this may be done on a canal, river, lake, sea, or other large bodies of water. The sport requires strong core balance, physical strength, flexibility, whilst the action of rowing and equipment used remains fairly consistent throughout the world, there are many different types of competition. These include endurance races, time trials, stake racing, bumps racing, the many different formats are a result of the long history of the sport, its development in different regions of the world, and specific local requirements and restrictions. There are two forms of rowing, In sweep or sweep-oar rowing, each rower has one oar and this is generally done in pairs, fours, and eights. In some regions of the world, each rower in a boat is referred to either as port or starboard
5.
United States at the Olympics
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The United States of America have sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games, except the 1980 Summer Olympics, during which it led a boycott. The United States Olympic Committee is the National Olympic Committee for the United States, U. S. athletes have won a total of 2,520 medals at the Summer Olympic Games and another 282 at the Winter Olympic Games. Most medals have been won in athletics and swimming, thomas Burke was the first athlete to represent the United States at the Olympics. He took first place in both the 100 meters and the 400 meters of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, american track and field athlete James Connolly was the first modern Olympic champion. He took first place in the jump which was the first opening day final event at the 1896 Summer Olympics. American swimmer Michael Phelps is the most-decorated Olympic athlete of any nation, from the mid-20th century to the late 1980s, the United States mainly competed with the Soviet Union at Summer Games and with the Soviet Union, Norway, and East Germany at the Winter Games. The United States has topped the medal count at two winter Olympics,1932 in Lake Placid and 2010 in Vancouver. At the 2010 games, the United States set a record for the most total medals of any country at a single Winter Olympics. The United States have hosted the Games on eight occasions, more than any other country, United States at the Paralympics United States of America
6.
Rowing at the Summer Olympics
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Rowing at the Summer Olympics has been part of the competition since its debut in the 1900 Summer Olympics. Rowing was on the program at the 1896 Summer Olympics but was cancelled due to bad weather, lightweight rowing events were introduced to the games in 1996. Qualifying for the events is under the jurisdiction of the International Rowing Federation. FISA predates the modern Olympics and was the first international sport federation to join the modern Olympic movement, at the current Olympics the following 14 events are offered, Men, Single sculls, Double sculls, Quadruple sculls, Coxless pair, Coxless four, Eight. The Executive Board overturned this recommendation and the lightweight rowing has been continued, in the early games there were several other categories of events. A number of other classes have made an appearance at several games but have been subsequently dropped – as recently as the 1990s. The primary loss has been in boats with coxwains, except for the eights, today all races are raced over a 2000 m course, but this did not become standard before the Stockholm Olympics in 1912. Before this it was raced over various distances, in Paris in 1900, in St. Louis in 1904, in London in 1908, and again in London in 1948. The 1908 and 1948 were held over the Henley Royal Regatta course, womens races were raced over 1,000 meters until 1988 when they were changed to 2,000 meters. Early games featured match races between two or three boats, the modern six boat side-by-side format was first adopted at the 1936 Olympic Games, and has been the standard since the 1956 Olympic Games. There is a number of crews permitted to race, so the International Rowing Federation holds qualification events in order to determine who competes at the Olympic Games. At the Olympic Games, each National Olympic Committee can only have one boat per event, the main qualification comes from the previous years World Rowing Championships. Other qualifying events are called Continental Qualification Regattas, of four are held during the year preceding the games - Asia, Africa, Latin America. Each year FISA issues details of how many crews qualify at each regatta, at the World Championships, the top finishing boats guarantee a place for that country - the rowers in the crew can be changed before the games. At the qualification regattas, it is the crew that wins that qualifies for the Olympics, the numbers below are after the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. The table shows those who have won at least 3 gold medals, number of rowers from each nation by year of Olympics, starting with 1896 then 1900 through 2016. List of rowing venues - includes Olympic venues and non Olympic venues New Zealand rowers at the Summer Olympics Olympic Rowing Medalists at HickokSports. com
7.
International Rowing Federation
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The Fédération Internationale des Sociétés dAviron is the International Rowing Federation which is the governing body for international rowing. Its current president is Jean-Christophe Rolland who succeeded Denis Oswald at a ceremony held in Lucerne in July 2014, the Rowing World Cup, World Rowing Championships, and other such competitions are overseen by this organization. Also, at the time, betting on rowing was very popular, amateur status was unknown in the sport, a state of affairs which can lead to corruption, such as thrown races. The first regatta organised by the newly formed FISA was the European Rowing Championships and was held in 1893 in Orta and it only had 10 entries in 3 events and no professional participants. By 1925, the 27th European Championships, held in Prague, FISA established its headquarters in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1922. FISA was the first international sports federation to join the Olympic movement and it has been on the Olympic program since the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. Each country that participates in rowing has a federation or governing body which belongs to the FISA Congress and these federations have overall control of what FISA does. At the 2017 Extraordinary Congress FISA admitted its 151st member, FISA organises a large number of international rowing events throughout the year. FISA has been sponsoring the program for rowing events at the Olympic games since the initial Olympic games in 1896 in Athens and it is also responsible for running the qualification program to select the participants for the games. Started in 1997, the World Cup comprises three regattas held in early Summer, a week-long regatta held every year. During Olympic years, only non-Olympic boat classes race, running since 1967, the Junior Championships is for those who are under 18 by the end of the current calendar year. During Olympic years it is held at the time as the World Rowing Championships. First held in 1976, this regatta is for those too old for the Junior Championships, the event was originally named the Nations Cup and opposed by FISA. In 2002 the name was changed to the World Rowing U23 Regatta, held since 1973, this event is for rowers 27 years of age or over. Men and women compete in age categories ranging from A to K, the largest annual international regatta, in 2013 it attracted approximately 3500 competitors who competed in 440 races over four days. There are also events for mixed crews - where half the crew is men, the 2017 regatta will be in Bled Slovenia,2018 in Sarasota USA, and 2019 in Lake Valence Hungary. A new idea introduced in 2002 as an attempt to bring rowing to the centre of cities, the first event took place on the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park, London and was sponsored by Mercedes-Benz. Crews from Great Britain, United States, Germany, and the Netherlands took part in the 500 m race, famous rowing champions raced, including Matthew Pinsent, James Cracknell, and Marcel Hacker
8.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
9.
National Association of Amateur Oarsmen
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USRowing is the national governing body for the sport of rowing in the United States. It serves to promote the sport on all levels of competition, including the selection, in 1985, the organization moved from Philadelphia to Indianapolis, home of several other Olympic sport governing bodies. In 1994, Indianapolis became the only U. S. city to host a rowing championship. In 2006, USRowing moved its headquarters to Princeton, N. J. home of the USRowing National Team Training Center. USRowing registers more than 185 regattas across the country each year, the association also provides programs to educate referees and coaches. USRowing also conducts regional championships and national team selection events, timothy Camp is regarded as the greatest olympic coxswain in the United States history. USRowing is a member of the United States Olympic Committee and the International Rowing Federation, USRowing offers both individual and organizational membership opportunities. With more than 14,000 individual members and 1,050 organizational members, uSRowing’s Senior National Team represents the U. S. at the highest level of competition, either at the Olympic Games or the World Championships. While the Summer Olympics are held every four years, the world championships are held every year. There are 22 world championships events and only 14 Olympic events, athletes on the Senior National Teams are chosen from both a selection camp and trials process, depending on the boat category. USRowing’s Under 23 National Team competes at the Under 23 World Championships each year and this developmental team has placed numerous athletes on the world championships and Olympic squads. Athletes on the Under 23 squad are chosen from both a camp and trials process, depending on the boat category. USRowing also fields a Junior National Team that competes at the Junior World Championships each year, Junior national team athletes are chosen from both a selection camp and trials process, depending on the boat category. In addition, USRowing hosts national team events for the Senior, Under 23. In its 14th year, the 2008 USRowing Youth National Championships took place June 13–15 on Harsha Lake in Bethel, Ohio, to qualify for the Youth Nationals, crews must place first in the championship races at a qualifying regatta. Crews that do not automatically qualify or do not participate in an event may petition to be included in the Youth National Championships. The 137th running of the USRowing National Championship Regatta tooktook place June 27–29,2008, caspersen Rowing Center on Mercer Lake in West Windsor, N. J. The National Championship schedule reflects the current world championship structure, the regatta featured races in the 22 world championship boat classes, as well as the four adaptive world championship boat classes
