1.
Encounter at Farpoint
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Encounter at Farpoint is the first episode and series premiere of the American science fiction television series Star Trek, The Next Generation, which premiered in syndication on September 28,1987. Fontana and Gene Roddenberry and directed by Corey Allen, Roddenberry was the creator of Star Trek, and Fontana was a writer on the original series. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Starfleet starship Enterprise, the episode was made as a pilot for the new Star Trek series, and was a double length episode at Paramount Television Groups insistence. After the show was announced on October 10,1986. The show utilized some existing sets and props from the Star Trek films, new actors were hired for the pilot, which in some cases required the character concepts to be redeveloped to better fit the actor. The show made its debut in syndication to a critical response. In 2364, the newest flagship of the United Federation of Planets, Starfleets USS Enterprise, Enterprise is to open relations with the simple Bandi people who have somehow been able to tap immense energy reserves and construct Farpoint Station, much to the surprise of the Federation. Before letting the ship resume its course, Q warns Captain Picard that he is destined to fail, as the Enterprise arrives, the crew members explore the offerings of Farpoint Station and establish relations with their Bandi host, Groppler Zorn. The crew becomes suspicious when items they desire seem to appear out of nowhere moments later, Deanna Troi, an empath, senses a being with powerful yet despairing emotions nearby, and the crew discover a strange labyrinth beneath the station, but Zorn does not offer an explanation. As the Enterprise crew continues its explorations, an unknown alien craft enters orbit and begins to fire upon an older Bandi settlement near Farpoint Station. Before Picard orders the ships phasers to be fired at the craft, Q appears to him of humanitys trial. The away team discovers the craft has passages similar to those under Farpoint and their actions cause the alien craft to transform into a jellyfish-like space creature, and Picard is able to deduce the mystery of Farpoint Station. The creature now in orbit is trying to free its mate by attacking those who hold it captive. Though Q goads Picard into punishing the Bandi, Picard refuses, the beam allows the land-bound creature to transform back into its jellyfish-like form, and it flies into orbit to join its fellow being. As the crew watches the reunion of the creatures, Q reluctantly tells Picard that they have succeeded in their test. The new Star Trek series was announced on October 10,1986 by the head of Paramount Television Group and he announced that the creator of Star Trek, Gene Roddenberry, was to be executive producer and lead the creation of the new series. When the decision was not to proceed with the Paramount network it had been slated to be the flagship for. Paramount had pitched ideas to Roddenberry earlier in 1986 as it was the anniversary of the original series
2.
Star Trek Generations
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Star Trek Generations is a 1994 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. Generations is the feature film based on Star Trek, and is the first film in the series to star the cast of the television series Star Trek. Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the USS Enterprise-D teams up with his predecessor Captain James T, Kirk to stop a villain from destroying a planet. Parts of the film were shot at the Valley of Fire State Park near Overton, Nevada, Paramount Studios, while the film received mixed reviews from critics, it performed well at the box office. In the year 2293, retired Captain James T. Kirk, Montgomery Scott, during the voyage, Enterprise is pressed into a rescue mission to save two El-Aurian ships from a strange energy ribbon. Enterprise is able to some of the refugees before their ships are destroyed. In 2371, the crew of the USS Enterprise-D celebrate the promotion of Worf to Lieutenant Commander, Captain Jean-Luc Picard receives a message that his brother and nephew were killed in a fire, meaning the storied Picard family line will end with him. Enterprise receives a call from an observatory in orbit of the star Amargosa. The android Data and engineer Geordi La Forge discover a compound called trilithium in a room of the observatory. Soran appears, knocks La Forge unconscious, and launches a solar probe at Amargosa. The probe causes the star to implode, sending a shock wave toward the observatory, Data is rescued just before the station is destroyed by the shock wave. Guinan, Enterprises bartender, tells Captain Jean-Luc Picard more about Soran, Guinan explains that Soran is obsessed with reentering the Nexus, an extra-dimensional realm where time has no meaning and anyone can experience whatever they desire. Upon entering the Veridian system, Enterprise makes contact with the Duras Bird of Prey, Picard offers himself to the sisters in exchange for La Forge, but insists that he be transported to Sorans location first. La Forge is returned to Enterprise, but he inadvertently reveals Enterprises shield frequency, Enterprise destroys the Bird of Prey, but has sustained irreversible damage to its warp core. Commander William Riker orders an evacuation to the saucer section of the ship which separates from the star drive. The shock wave from the star drives destruction sends the saucer crashing to the surface of Veridian III, Picard fails to talk Soran out of his plan and is too late to stop him from launching his missile. The collapse of the Veridian star alters the course of the Nexus ribbon as predicted, in the Nexus, Picard finds himself surrounded by the family he never had, including a wife and children, but realizes it is an illusion. He is confronted by an echo of Guinan, after being told that he may leave whenever he chooses and go wherever and whenever he wishes, Guinan sends him to meet Kirk, also safe in the Nexus
3.
Galaxy class starship
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This is a list of the fictional Star Trek universes Starfleet ships organized by ship class. Many of the names, classes, or registry numbers are not identified on screen. This listing does not include ships mentioned in fan fiction related to Star Trek, Named for Greek mythological figure and nearby Andromeda galaxy. Named for the ancient Greek solar deity and the American Apollo program, scout ship introduced in the Star Trek, The Original Series tie-in novel series Star Trek, Vanguard and its follow-up Star Trek, Seekers. Retroactively named after Captain Jonathan Archer Star Trek, Enterprise, name honors science fiction author Ray Bradbury. Also referred to as Enterprise class in Shane Johnsons non-canonical work Mr. Scotts Guide to the Enterprise, class named for an iconic figure from Greek mythology. Presumably named for the Polynesian waʻa kaulua replica Named for spacecraft designer Sergey Korolyov, featured in the Star Trek, Titan novels. Named for character in play The Tempest by William Shakespeare, name denotes astronomical phenomenon and pays tribute to the Nebula Award for science fiction writing. Named for the City of New Orleans, ships are named for the NASA Space Shuttle orbiters Named after the rocket scientist Hermann Oberth. This class is sometimes erroneously named Hope class from a version of the dedication plaque from the USS Pasteur. Named for the Soviet spacecraft Named for Vulcan philosopher Surak, introduced in Star Trek, Destiny and first visualized in Star Trek Online. Named in honor of science fiction author H. G. Wells
4.
Antimatter
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In particle physics, antimatter is a material composed of the antiparticle partners to the corresponding particles of ordinary matter. A particle and its antiparticle have the mass as one another. For example, a proton has positive charge while an antiproton has negative charge, the consequence of annihilation is a release of energy available for heat or work, proportional to the total matter and antimatter mass, in accord with the mass–energy equivalence equation, E = mc2. Formally, antimatter particles can be defined by their negative baryon number or lepton number and these two classes of particles are the antiparticle partners of one another. Antimatter particles bind with one other to form antimatter, just as ordinary particles bind to form normal matter, for example, a positron and an antiproton can form an antihydrogen atom. Physical principles indicate that complex antimatter atomic nuclei are possible, as well as corresponding to the known chemical elements. There is considerable speculation as to why the universe is composed almost entirely of ordinary matter. This asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the universe is one of the great unsolved problems in physics. The process by which this inequality between matter antimatter particles developed is called baryogenesis, Antimatter in the form of anti-atoms is one of the most difficult materials to produce. Individual antimatter particles, however, are produced by particle accelerators. The nuclei of antihelium have been produced with difficulty. These are the most complex anti-nuclei so far observed, the idea of negative matter appears in past theories of matter that have now been abandoned. Using the once popular theory of gravity, the possibility of matter with negative gravity was discussed by William Hicks in the 1880s. Between the 1880s and the 1890s, Karl Pearson proposed the existence of squirts, the squirts represented normal matter and the sinks represented negative matter. Pearsons theory required a fourth dimension for the aether to flow from, the term antimatter was first used by Arthur Schuster in two rather whimsical letters to Nature in 1898, in which he coined the term. He hypothesized antiatoms, as well as whole antimatter solar systems, schusters ideas were not a serious theoretical proposal, merely speculation, and like the previous ideas, differed from the modern concept of antimatter in that it possessed negative gravity. The modern theory of antimatter began in 1928, with a paper by Paul Dirac, Dirac realised that his relativistic version of the Schrödinger wave equation for electrons predicted the possibility of antielectrons. These were discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1932 and named positrons, although Dirac did not himself use the term antimatter, its use follows on naturally enough from antielectrons, antiprotons, etc
5.
Warp drive
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Warp drive is a faster-than-light spacecraft propulsion system in many science fiction works, most notably Star Trek. A spacecraft equipped with a warp drive may travel at greater than that of light by many orders of magnitude. Spacecraft at warp velocity theoretically continue to interact with objects in normal space, the general concept of warp drive was introduced by John W. Campbell in his 1931 novel Islands of Space. Einsteins theory of special relativity states that energy and mass are interchangeable, thus, the problem of a material object exceeding light speed is that an infinitely increasing amount of kinetic energy is required to attempt moving as fast as a massless photon. This problem can theoretically be solved by warping space to move an object instead of increasing the energy of the object to do so. The light speed time barrier shouldnt be confused with time dilation occurs when approaching very fast speeds. Warp drive technology avoids time dilation, the episode Metamorphosis, also from The Original Series, establishes a backstory for the invention of warp drive on Earth, in which Zefram Cochrane discovered the space warp. Cochrane is repeatedly referred to afterwards, but the details of the first warp trials were not shown until the second Star Trek, The Next Generation movie, Star Trek. The movie depicts Cochrane as having first operated warp drive on Earth in 2063 and this successful first trial led directly to first contact with the Vulcans. Enterprise, set in 2151 and onwards, follows the voyages of the first human ship capable of traveling at warp factor 5.2, in the series pilot episode Broken Bow, Capt. Archer equates warp 4.5 to Neptune and back in six minutes. Only three stories in the original Star Trek series involved the Enterprise traveling beyond Warp 10, in The Next Generation, such stories were rare, and usually involved a malfunction in a starships engines. A new warp scale was drawn up, with Warp Factor 10 set as an unattainable maximum and this is described in some technical manuals as Eugenes limit, in homage to creator/producer Gene Roddenberry. Warp 8 in the series was the Never Exceed speed for the hulls and engines of Constitution-class starships. Warp 6 was the VNO Normal Operation maximum safe cruising speed for that vessel class, the Warp 14.1 incident was the result of runaway engines which brought the hull within seconds of structural failure before power was disengaged. The limit of 10 did not entirely stop warp inflation, by the mid-24th century, the Enterprise-D could travel at Warp 9.8 at extreme risk, while normal maximum operating speed was Warp 9.6 and the maximum rated cruise was Warp 9.2.9. In the episode Where No One Has Gone Before the Enterprise-D was shown to exceed Warp 10, the Intrepid-class starship Voyager has a maximum sustainable cruising speed of Warp 9.975, the Enterprise-E can go even faster, with a maximum velocity of Warp 9.999. In the alternative future depicted in All Good Things, Warp drive velocity in Star Trek is generally expressed in warp factor units, which—according to the Star Trek Technical Manuals—correspond to the magnitude of the warp field. Achieving warp factor 1 is equal to breaking the light barrier, several episodes of the original series placed the Enterprise in peril by having it travel at high warp factors, at one point in That Which Survives the Enterprise traveled at a warp factor of 14.1
6.
Impulse drive
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Typically powered by deuterium fusion reactors, impulse engines let ships travel interplanetary distances readily. For example, Starfleet Academy cadets use impulse engines when flying from Earth to Saturn, unlike the warp engines, impulse engines work on principles used in todays rocketry, throwing mass out the back as fast as possible to drive you forward. There are three practical challenges surrounding impulse drive design, acceleration, time dilation and energy conservation, in the show, inertial dampers compensate for acceleration. These hypothetical devices would have to be set so that the propellant retained its inertia after leaving the otherwise the drive would be ineffective. Time dilation would become noticeable at appreciable fractions of the speed of light and it is a form of magnetohydrodynamic or magnetoplasmadynamic thruster. This is used in conjunction with the warp drives alteration of the ships relativistic mass. Thrusters, on the hand, are closer to the designs of a high-efficiency reactant propellant and are usually used for high-precision maneuvers. Ion propulsion drives are explicitly detailed to be used in Star Trek by Dominion and Iconian Starships, Physics and Star Trek Physics and Star Wars Impulse drive at Memory Alpha
7.
Starship
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The term is mostly found in science fiction, because such craft have never been constructed. Some cite the first use of the word in Oahspe, A New Bible, there are very few scientific studies that investigate the issues in building a starship. Examined in an October 1973 issue of Analog, the Enzmann Starship proposed using a 12,000 ton ball of frozen deuterium to power thermonuclear powered pulse propulsion units, the NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program, was a professional scientific study examining advanced spacecraft propulsion systems. Other designs posit a way to boost the ship to near-lightspeed and this results in a general categorization of the kinds of starships, Sleeper, which put their passengers into stasis during a long trip. This includes Cryonics-based systems that freeze passengers for the duration of the journey, generation, where the destination will be reached by descendants of the original passengers. Relativistic, taking advantage of time dilation at close-to-light-speeds, so long trips will seem much shorter, faster-than-light, which can move between places very quickly. Certain common elements are found in most fiction that discusses starships, fiction that discusses slower-than-light starships is relatively rare, since the time scales are so long. Instead of describing the interaction with the world, those fictions tend to focus on setting the whole story within the world of the starship during its long travels. Sometimes the starship is a world, in perception or reality, travel at velocities greater than the speed of light is impossible according to the known laws of physics, although apparent FTL is not excluded by general relativity. The alcubierre drive provides a way of achieving FTL, although it requires negative mass. Nevertheless, Harold G. White at NASA has designed the White–Juday warp-field interferometer to detect an instance of a warping of space-time according to the Alcubierre drive. The following is a listing of some of the most widely known vessels in various science fiction franchises, the most prominent cultural use and one of the earliest common uses of the term starship was in Star Trek, The Original Series
8.
Star Trek
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Star Trek is an American science fiction media franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called Star Trek and now referred to as The Original Series, debuted in 1966 and it followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and his crew aboard the starship USS Enterprise, an exploration vessel. The Star Trek canon of the franchise include The Original Series, a series, four spin-off television series, its film franchise. In creating Star Trek, Roddenberry was inspired by the Horatio Hornblower novels, the satirical book Gullivers Travels and these adventures continued in the short-lived Star Trek, The Animated Series and six feature films. The adventures of The Next Generation crew continued in four feature films. In 2009, the franchise underwent a reboot set in an alternate timeline, or Kelvin Timeline. This film featured a new cast portraying younger versions of the crew from the show, their adventures were continued in the sequel film. The thirteenth film feature and sequel, Star Trek Beyond, was released to coincide with the franchises 50th anniversary, a new Star Trek TV series, titled Star Trek, Discovery, will premiere in May 2017 on the digital platform CBS All Access. Star Trek has been a phenomenon for decades. Fans of the franchise are called Trekkies or Trekkers, the franchise spans a wide range of spin-offs including games, figurines, novels, toys, and comics. Star Trek had an attraction in Las Vegas that opened in 1998. At least two museum exhibits of props travel the world, the series has its own full-fledged constructed language, Klingon. Several parodies have been made of Star Trek, in addition, viewers have produced several fan productions. As of July 2016, the franchise had generated $10 billion in revenue, Star Trek is noted for its cultural influence beyond works of science fiction. The franchise is also noted for its civil rights stances. The Original Series included one of televisions first multiracial casts, Star Trek references can be found throughout popular culture from movies such as the submarine thriller Crimson Tide to the animated series South Park. As early as 1964, Gene Roddenberry drafted a proposal for the series that would become Star Trek
9.
Star Trek: The Next Generation
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Star Trek, The Next Generation is an American science fiction television series in the Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry that ran between 1987 and 1994. Roddenberry, Maurice Hurley, Rick Berman, Michael Piller and Jeri Taylor served as producers at different times throughout its production. The series involves a starship named Enterprise and is set in the regions of the Milky Way galaxy. The first episode takes place in the year 2364,100 years after the start of the mission described in the original series. It features a new cast and a new starship Enterprise, the fifth to bear the name within the franchises storyline and these are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its continuing mission, to strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations. TNG premiered the week of September 28,1987, drawing 27 million viewers, in total,176 episodes were made, ending with the two-hour finale All Good Things. The week of May 23,1994, the series was broadcast in first-run syndication with dates and times varying among individual television stations. Three additional Star Trek spin-offs followed The Next Generation, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, Star Trek, Voyager, and Star Trek, Enterprise. The series formed the basis for the seventh through to the tenth of the Star Trek films, and is also the setting of novels, comic books. In its seventh season, Star Trek, The Next Generation became the first, the series received a number of accolades including 19 Emmy Awards, two Hugo Awards, five Saturn Awards, and a Peabody Award. The series follows the adventures of a crew on board the starship USS Enterprise, the fifth Federation vessel to bear the name and registry. The series is set about 70 years after the mission of the original Enterprise crew under the command of James T. Kirk. Beverly Crusher, conn officer Lieutenant Geordi La Forge, and junior officer Lieutenant Worf, the death of Lieutenant Yar in the series first season prompts an internal shuffle of personnel, making Worf official chief of security. Geordi La Forge is promoted to engineer at the beginning of season 2. The series begins with the crew of the Enterprise-D put on trial by a nefarious, the god-like entity threatens the extinction of mankind for being a race of savages, forcing them to solve a mystery at nearby Farpoint Station to prove their worthiness to be spared. After successfully solving the mystery and avoiding disaster, the crew departs on its mission to explore strange new worlds. Subsequent stories focus on the discovery of new life and sociological and political relationships with alien cultures, several new species are introduced as recurring antagonists, including the Ferengi, the Cardassian, and the Borg
10.
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
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Star Trek, Deep Space Nine is a science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe in the Milky Way galaxy, in the years 2369–2375. In contrast to other Star Trek TV shows, it takes place on a space station instead of a starship, so as not to have two series with starships in the same time period. The show is noted for its characters, original and complex plots, and religious themes. It often showcased darker themes, less physical exploration of space, and, in later seasons, DS9 premiered in 1993 and ran for seven seasons until 1999. The series was created by Rick Berman and Michael Piller at the request of Brandon Tartikoff, as overall head of Star Trek production, Berman served as executive producer for the seriess entire run. Piller initially served as executive producer and showrunner, but left the series in 1995 to manage Star Trek Voyager. Writer Ira Steven Behr was promoted by Berman to replace Piller as showrunner, in addition to Berman, Piller, and Behr, key writers included Robert Hewitt Wolfe, Ronald D. Moore, Peter Allan Fields, Bradley Thompson, David Weddle, Hans Beimler and René Echevarria. DS9 began while Star Trek, The Next Generation was still on the air, the stations first appearance in TNG was during the sixth-season episode Birthright. In addition, two Next Generation characters, Miles OBrien and Worf, became members of DS9. The station also appeared in the Star Trek, Voyager pilot episode, each DS9 episode began with the same opening sequence. A small comet is traveling through deep space, leaving an icy trail. As shuttle craft are seen moving about, the ends with the wormhole seen opening. DS9 centers on the formerly Cardassian space station Terok Nor, the station is renamed Deep Space Nine, and a Starfleet crew is assigned to manage it. Deep Space Nine and Bajor quickly become a center for exploration, interstellar trade, political maneuvering, Deep Space Nine becomes a key military base for the Federation in the Dominion War, and is assigned the starship USS Defiant to aid in its protection. While its predecessors tended to restore the status quo ante at the end of episode, allowing out-of-order viewing, DS9 contains story arcs that span episodes. One installment often builds upon earlier ones, with several cliffhanger endings, Michael Piller considered this one of the seriess best qualities, allowing repercussions of past episodes to influence future events and forcing characters to learn that actions have consequences. This trend was especially noticeable toward the finale, by which time the show was intentionally scripted as a serial. Unlike Star Trek, The Next Generation, interpersonal conflicts were prominently featured in DS9, in Pillers words, People who come from different places—honorable, noble people—will naturally have conflicts
11.
Star Trek: Enterprise
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Star Trek, Enterprise is an American science fiction television series created by Rick Berman and Brannon Braga as a prequel to Star Trek, The Original Series. It originally aired from September 26,2001 to May 13,2005 on UPN, Set in the 22nd century 100 years before the USS Enterprises five-year mission, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the first Starfleet starship, Enterprise, as they explore the galaxy. An ongoing storyline, referred to as the Temporal Cold War, continued through the third season, in the third season, an escalation of this campaign introduced the Xindi and dealt with the repercussions of their attack on Earth. After being asked to produce a fifth Star Trek series by UPN, Braga and Berman sought to create a basic and relatable series set after the events of the film Star Trek. The episodes concentrated on a trio of characters, Captain Jonathan Archer, Commander Charles Trip Tucker III. It was filmed on the Paramount lot in Los Angeles, California, on the stages that had housed the Star Trek series and films since the abandoned Star Trek. Although Berman and Braga wanted to do a prequel to the original Star Trek series. At the start of the season, Braga said that the storyline would continue to be included while viewers were still interested. The pilot, Broken Bow, was received positively by critics, with praise for the writing and its ratings were good enough that a full seven-season order was expected. However, reviews became more mixed as the first season progressed, by the following season, reviews improved during the last two seasons, but ratings continued to decline. UPN cut its orders for the third and fourth seasons by two episodes each, and canceled the series in 2005. Prior to cancellation, work had begun on planning episodes for the fifth season. Star Trek, Enterprise follows the adventures of the crew of the starship Enterprise and they are the first deep space explorers in Starfleet, using the first Warp 5 equipped vessel. At the start of the series, it is revealed that the Vulcans have withheld advanced technology from humanity since their first contact, concerned that humans were not ready for it. This has delayed human space exploration and caused resentment in Captain Jonathan Archer, whose father developed the Warp 5 engine, Enterprise was intentionally equipped with less advanced versions of technologies seen in previous series. For example, it has no tractor beam, uses instead of photon torpedoes. Communications Officer Linguist Hoshi Satos expertise in linguistics helps compensate for the lack of advanced universal translators, the series also showed the crew making first contacts with a number of races previously seen in the franchise. This particular change was attributed by Berman and Braga to advancements in makeup and they felt that contradictions in the continuity such as the Klingon ridges were unavoidable, as well as those involving technology
12.
These Are the Voyages...
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These Are the Voyages. is the series finale of the American science fiction television series Star Trek, Enterprise. The 22nd episode of the season and the 98th of the series overall. The episode features guest stars Jonathan Frakes, Marina Sirtis, and Jeffrey Combs, series creators Rick Berman and Brannon Braga, who co-wrote the episode, conceived These Are the Voyages. as a valentine to Star Trek fans. Set in the 22nd century, the series follows the adventures of the first Starfleet starship Enterprise, in this episode, the story moves to the year 2370, when Commander William Riker grapples with making a difficult admission to his commanding officer about a cover-up. Reaction to These Are the Voyages. was negative, critics and cast alike believed the Next Generation frame robbed the characters and their fans of closure, and that the death of Commander Tucker felt forced and unnecessary. The final episode attracted 3.8 million viewers, the highest number since the previous season, after a strong premiere, Enterprise had grappled with declining ratings throughout its run. By the fourth season, fewer than three million viewers tuned in each week despite what some fans and critics considered an increase in episode quality, after selling the syndication rights, UPN and Paramount announced in February 2005 that the fourth season would be the shows last. With no new Star Trek episodes in the fall of 2005, despite the cancellation, Paramount hoped to revive the series, and Berman began work on a possible new Star Trek film, which was ultimately rejected in favor of the J. J. Abrams-directed Star Trek. In 2370, Commander William Riker, aboard Enterprise-D, is troubled by the events of The Pegasus, the starship and its crew are also returning to Earth for the signing of the Federation Charter, and Captain Archer frets over the speech he will give to the assembled delegates. En route, Riker and Troi observe as Enterprise is contacted by Shran, Riker joins the Enterprise crew as it assaults Shrans enemies and brings his daughter safely back. Troi also advises that Riker assume the role of ships chef, as he prepares food with the crew, he learns more about their memories and impressions of Tucker. He also watches as the kidnappers board Enterprise, and how, in order to save Archers life, on Earth, Troi watches as Archer enters a crowded grand hall to give his speech and Riker joins her, now sure of what course he should take. The final shot of the episode is a montage of the ships named Enterprise as Captains Picard, Kirk and these Are the Voyages. was written by Braga and Berman, the pairs only script of the fourth season. Enterprise writer Mike Sussman told TrekNation in May 2005 that Braga had considered the idea of a crossover featuring characters from other Star Trek series prior to the finale. Sussmans original idea for the episode was to have The Doctor of Star Trek, due to the subject matter, Sussman said his version would not have been suitable for the final episode. Allan Kroeker directed the episode, his series finale following Star Trek, Deep Space Nines What You Leave Behind and Star Trek. Featured guest appearances by Jonathan Frakes and Marina Sirtis as their Next Generation characters William Riker, Brent Spiner, another Next Generation veteran who had guest-starred earlier in the fourth season of Enterprise, had an off-screen speaking role as the android Data. Jeffrey Combs appeared as the Andorian Shran, whom Coto had wanted to be a permanent addition to the cast in the event of another season, filming of the final episode began on Friday, February 25, after the first half of the day was spent completing Terra Prime
13.
United Federation of Planets
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The Federation was first introduced in the 1966–1969 television show Star Trek as the organization that sent the starship USS Enterprise on its mission of peaceful exploration. As the Federation has continued to explore the galaxy and expanded its membership, it has been challenged by hostile alien civilizations such as the Borg. The survival, success, and growth of the Federation and its principles of freedom have become some of the Star Trek franchises central themes, the Federation was originally conceived as an idealized version of the United Nations. The Federation has been well received by critics and fans, becoming one of the most enduring storylines. As part of the message he wanted the show to convey, Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry intended to depict the Federation as an ideal. The social structure within the Federation is classless and operates within a money-less New World Economy, the Federation is described as stressing, at least nominally, the values of universal liberty, equality, justice, peace, and cooperation. The Federation also maintains its own quasi-militaristic and scientific exploratory agency, the television series and films depict Earth and humanity as holding a center-stage political role within the Federation, in some ways first among equals. The legislature, the Federation Council, is located at the Presidio of San Francisco, several other bodies of the Federation have been depicted. There is an executive headed by a Federation President, who keeps offices in the Palais de la Concorde in Paris. There is a branch as well, the highest court of which is the Federation Supreme Court. The Federations scientific, diplomatic and defensive/military arm is Starfleet, depicted as being headquartered at Fort Baker, just north of San Francisco across the Golden Gate Bridge. The Federation comes into conflict with other major powers in the galaxy such as the Klingon Empire, the Romulan Star Empire, the Cardassian Union, the Borg. The United Federation of Planets has existed as part of the Star Trek universe since the first season of the series and is the primary focus of all the Star Trek series. Several episodes of Star Trek, Enterprise follow events leading up the creation of the Federation, the formation of the Coalition seems to have been the event that provoked the xenophobic Terra Prime incident in the episodes Demons and Terra Prime. After Terra Prime leader John Frederick Paxton exploited the xenophobia on Earth, many of the aliens were unnerved, however, they were convinced by a speech from Captain Jonathan Archer to give the idea of a united organization of worlds a chance. Six years later in 2161, the United Federation of Planets was organized, the Federation is founded under a document known as the Charter of the United Federation of Planets October 9,2161, which is occasionally referred to informally as the Constitution. It draws text and inspiration from the United Nations Charter and other sources and this is intended to prevent even well-intentioned Federation personnel from introducing changes which could destabilize or even destroy other pre-warp-era cultures through interference. Starfleets Omega Directive supersedes the Prime Directive allowing for any means possible to destroy the Omega particle if encountered and it includes a set of guarantees of civil rights, the Seventh Guarantee being analogous to the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and its protection against self-incrimination
14.
Flagship
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A flagship is a vessel used by the commanding officer of a group of naval ships, characteristically a flag officer entitled by custom to fly a distinguishing flag. Used more loosely, it is the ship in a fleet of vessels, typically the first, largest, fastest, most heavily armed. In common naval use, the flagship is fundamentally a temporary designation. Historically, only larger ships could accommodate such requirements, the term was also used by commercial fleets, when the distinction between a nations navy and merchant fleet was not clear. In the age of sailing ships, the flagship was typically a first-rate, non-first rates could serve as flagships, however, the USS Constitution, a frigate, served as flagship for parts of the United States Navy during the early 19th century. In the 20th century, ships became large enough that the types, cruisers and up, could accommodate a commander. Some larger ships may have a flag bridge for use by the admiral. Because its primary function is to coordinate a fleet, a flagship is not necessarily more heavily armed or armored than other ships, during World War II admirals often preferred a faster ship over the largest one. Modern flagships are designed primarily for command and control rather than for fighting, as with many other naval terms, flagship has crossed over into general usage, where it means the most important or leading member of a group, as in the flagship station of a broadcast network. Is used as both a noun and adjective describing the most prominent or highly touted product, brand, location, derivations include the flagship brand or flagship product of a manufacturing company, flagship store of a retail chain, or flagship service of a hospitality or transportation concern. The term flagship may have applications, Auto companies may have a flagship in the form of their leading or highest-priced car. Electronics companies may have a series of products considered to be their flagship, for example, the Samsung Galaxy S series consists of several flagship smartphones that are released on a yearly basis. In rail transport, a service is either the fastest or most luxurious. Often it is also a train or service. In some cases, special service or a class above first class may be available in the service while it is not offered in normal services. Flagship services are used to present the company in advertising or abroad. Most states in the United States provide public university education through one or more university systems, the phrase flagship institution or flagship university may be applied to an individual school or campus within each state system. These schools are often land-grant, sea-grant, or space-grant research universities, the use of the term is seen by some as elitist and boastful
15.
Starfleet
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Starfleet is a fictional organization in the Star Trek media franchise. While the majority of Starfleets members are human and it is headquartered on Earth, hundreds of species are also represented. During production of episodes of the original series, several details of the makeup of the Star Trek universe had yet to be worked out. However, references to the United Earth Space Probe Agency, for example, the Friendship One probe is marked with the letters UESPA-1 in the Star Trek, Voyager episode Friendship One. Other background props included additional UESPA references, such as Captain Jean-Luc Picards family album in Star Trek Generations, during the production of Star Trek, Enterprise, some larger Starfleet insignia designs included the name United Earth Space Probe Agency. However, the Starfleet that is in existence before the Federation is a different organization than that of the Federation Starfleet, Starfleet acts under a Prime Directive of non-interference with developing worlds or their internal politics. The Prime Directive and Starfleets first-contact policies are at the center of several episodes in each Star Trek series, Starfleet Headquarters is shown to be located on Earth, northeast of the Golden Gate Bridge in the present-day Fort Baker area. Starfleet Academy is located in the general area. Additionally, various episodes show Starfleet operating a series of starbases throughout Federation territory, as ground facilities, the flagship of Starfleet is often considered to be the starship USS Enterprise. Starfleet has many components, including the following, As early as the original Star Trek, later series establish it as an officer training facility with a four-year educational program. The main campus is located near Starfleet Headquarters in what is now Fort Baker, Starfleet Command is the headquarters/command center of Starfleet. The term Starfleet Command is first used in TOS episode Court Martial and its headquarters are depicted as being in Fort Baker, across the Golden Gate from San Francisco, in Star Trek, The Motion Picture and Star Trek IV, The Voyage Home. Overlooking the Command from the side of the Golden Gate is the permanent site of the Council of the United Federation of Planets in what is now the Presidio of San Francisco. StarTrek. com notes that many of Starfleets ships are built on Mare Island near San Francisco, the Enterprise-D and USS Voyager are depicted to have been constructed at a shipyard named Utopia Planitia in Mars orbit. The Utopia Planitia served as Starfleets main ship yards throughout a portion of Starfleets existence. After the Enterprise-D encountered the Borg in the episode Q Who the size of the Utopia Planitia shipyards was doubled out of fear of a Borg strike and they were once again doubled after the Dominion threat became more evident. In the 2013 sequel, Montgomery Scotty Scott discovers a covert Starfleet facility, near Jupiter, as one minion of the Dominion in the Star Trek, DS9 episode, Rocks and Shoals notes, Starfleet engineers are reputed to be able to Turn rocks into replicators. Additionally, Pocket Books has published a series of eBooks and novels in the Starfleet Corps of Engineers series, Starfleet Intelligence is an intelligence agency of the United Federation of Planets
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Jean-Luc Picard
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Jean-Luc Picard is a fictional character in the Star Trek franchise, most often seen as Captain of the starship USS Enterprise-D. He is most notably portrayed by actor Patrick Stewart, after the success of the contemporary Star Trek feature films, a new Star Trek television series featuring a new cast was announced on October 10,1986. Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry named Picard for one or both of the twin brothers Auguste Piccard and Jean Felix Piccard, 20th-century Swiss scientists, Patrick Stewart, who has a background of theatre at the Royal Shakespeare Company, was initially considered for the role of Data. Roddenberry did not want to cast Stewart as Picard, since he had envisioned an actor who was masculine, virile and he had his toupee delivered from London to meet with Paramount executives, but Roddenberry ordered Stewart to remove the awful looking hairpiece. Stewarts stentorian voice impressed the executives, who approved the casting. As the series progressed, Stewart exercised more control over the characters development, there was a sort of double action that occurred. In one sense Picard was expanding like this and at the time he was also growing closer and closer to me as well. I became a better listener than I ever had been as a result of playing Jean Luc Picard because it was one of the things that he does terrifically well, Stewart stated, however, that he is not nearly as serious or brooding as his alter ego. Stewart also stated, One of the delights of having done this series, several years after the series has ended. I enjoy hearing how much people enjoyed the work we did and its always gratifying to me that this bald, middle-aged Englishman seems to connect with them. Stewart has also commented that his role has helped open up Shakespeare to science fiction fans. He has noted the presence of Trekkies in the audience whenever he plays theater. And they say, Ive never seen Shakespeare before, I didnt think Id understand it, jean-Luc Picard was born to Maurice and Yvette Picard in La Barre, France, on 13 July 2305, and he dreamed of joining Starfleet. He and the rest of his family speak English, with English accents—the French language having become obscure by the 24th century, as mentioned in the Next Generation episode Code of Honor. Shortly after graduation, Picard was stabbed in the heart by a Nausicaan, leaving the organ irreparable and requiring replacement with a parthenogenetic implant, Picard eventually served as first officer aboard the USS Stargazer, which he later commanded. During that time, he invented a warp-speed starship battle tactic that would become known as the Picard Maneuver, though such resolutions are usually peaceful, Picard is also shown using his remarkable tactical cunning in situations when it is required. Picard has a fondness for stories, Shakespearean drama. He is frequently shown drinking Earl Grey tea and issuing the order, Make it so, or, Star Trek, The Next Generation depicts Picards command of the USS Enterprise
17.
USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-E)
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The USS Enterprise is a fictional vessel. It is a Sovereign-class starship in the Star Trek franchise and it appears only in the films Star Trek, First Contact, Star Trek, Insurrection and Star Trek Nemesis, where it serves as the primary setting. It is the sixth Federation starship to carry the name Enterprise, the Enterprise-E, a Sovereign class starship, launched in 2372 from the San Francisco Fleet Yards under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard. Picard and most of the key officers were from Enterprise-D, according to the non-canon novel Ship of the Line, the originally planned name for the vessel was USS Honorious, and Montgomery Scott was part of the team of engineers that designed the Enterprise-E. The Borg hijacked and almost assimilated the ship until Captain Picard, in Star Trek, Insurrection, the crew stops a Sona attempt to forcibly relocate the Baku people from their homeworld. In Star Trek Nemesis, the Enterprise is heavily damaged while stopping Shinzon from using a weapon of destruction to destroy all life on Earth. The ship returns to spacedock to undergo extensive repairs, in the novels published by Pocket Books after Nemesis, the Enterprise-E remains under the command of Picard as of 2385 in the 2013 novel miniseries Star Trek, The Fall. Data was resurrected in the novels similarly to the comic miniseries Countdown, a designers blueprints show that the Enterprise has new phaser banks and torpedo launchers in Star Trek Nemesis that were not present in Star Trek, Insurrection. It also shows the warp nacelles have been moved upwards and forward slightly, Star Trek, Ships of the Line, written by Star Treks technical consultant Michael Okuda, states that the Enterprise can travel at up to warp 9.995. Captain Jean-Luc Picard Captain of the Enterprise from the launch in 2372. Commander William Thomas Riker First officer of the Enterprise from its launch in 2372, promoted to Captain in 2379, and left the Enterprise with his wife, Ships Counselor Commander Deanna Troi, to take command of the USS Titan. Lieutenant Commander Data Data was Operations Officer from its launch in 2372, Commander Deanna Troi Commander Troi was the ships Counselor from its launch in 2372, until the end of Star Trek, Nemesis, when she departed with her new husband, Captain Riker, for the Titan. Commander Beverly Crusher, M. D. Crusher was the ships Chief Medical Officer from its launch in 2372, in the non-canon 2007 novel Death in Winter, she again took a position as head of Starfleet Medical, but returned to the Enterprise in the novel Resistance. Lieutenant Commander Geordi LaForge Chief Engineer from the acceptance into Starfleet service. Lieutenant Reginald Barclay Present during the events of Star Trek, First Contact, lieutenant Hawk Flight Controller until assimilation by the Borg and death at the hands of Worf in Star Trek, First Contact
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USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)
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USS Enterprise is a starship in the fictional Star Trek universe, depicted in four network television series, six feature films, and countless books and fan-created media. The ships design formed the basis for one of sci-fis most iconic images, though the ship has gone over many changes over the course of its television, a refit version of NCC-1701 appears in the first three Star Trek films. The 2009 Star Trek film, which place in an alternate timeline. The original starship was destroyed in Star Trek III, The Search for Spock, Star Trek art director Matt Jefferies was the primary designer of the original Enterprise, which was originally named Yorktown in series creator Gene Roddenberrys first outline drafts of the series. Jefferies experience with aviation led to his Enterprise designs being imbued with what he called aircraft logic, the ships NCC-1701 registry number stemmed from NC being one of the international aircraft registration codes assigned to the United States, the second C was added for differentiation. According to The Making of Star Trek, NCC is the Starfleet abbreviation for Naval Construction Contract, the 1701 was chosen to avoid any possible ambiguity, according to Jefferies, the numbers 3,6,8, and 9 are too easily confused. Other sources cite it as a reference to the house across the street from where Roddenberry grew up, Jefferies own sketches provide the explanation that it was his 17th cruiser design with the first serial number of that series,1701. The Making of Star Trek explains that USS should mean United Space Ship, however, the decals included with the AMT USS Enterprise model kit permitted the builder to customize the ship as any of the twelve starships in the class. As the lowest hull number is NCC-1700, USS Constitution, it is accepted that Constitution is the class leader. The first miniature built for the pilot episode The Cage was unlit and approximately 33 inches long, initially, the models were static and had no electronics. For the second pilot, Where No Man Has Gone Before, various details of the 11-foot model were altered, when the series was picked up and went into production, the model was altered yet again. Save for re-used footage from the two episodes, this was the appearance of the ship throughout the series, except for some detail added to nacelles for shots used in The Trouble with Tribbles. Two small models were made for the episode Catspaw, one embedded in a block of lucite. Greg Jein created a model of the original Enterprise for the Star Trek, Deep Space Nine episode Trials, jeins model was built to be exactly half the size of the larger of the two original models, and later appeared in the 1998 Star Trek wall calendar. The refit Enterprise that appears in the first three Star Trek films was designed by Richard Taylor, the ship was based on conceptual sketches done by Jeffries for the scrapped Star Trek, Phase II TV series. The 8-foot model was re-used as the USS Enterprise-A in the fourth, fifth, foundation Imaging created a CGI model of the ship for the Directors Edition release of Star Trek, The Motion Picture to add footage envisioned but never shot by director Robert Wise. Enterprise was redesigned for the 2009 Star Trek film, director J. J. Abrams wanted Enterprise to have a hot rod look while retaining the traditional shape, but otherwise afforded Industrial Light & Magic tremendous leeway in creating the ship. Perhaps the most notable change was in the engine cells
19.
Star Trek: The Motion Picture
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Star Trek, The Motion Picture is a 1979 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. It is the first Star Trek film and stars the cast of the original 1966–1969 Star Trek television series, the film is set in the twenty-third century when a mysterious and immensely powerful alien cloud known as VGer approaches Earth, destroying everything in its path. Kirk resumes command of his previous starship—the recently refitted USS Enterprise—to lead it on a mission to save the planet, when the original television series was cancelled in 1969, Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry lobbied Paramount to continue the franchise through a film. The success of the series in syndication convinced the studio to work on a feature film in 1975. A series of writers attempted to craft a suitably epic script, Paramount instead planned on returning the franchise to its roots with a new television series, Star Trek, Phase II. With the cancellation of Phase II, writers rushed to adapt its planned pilot episode, In Thy Image, constant revisions to the story and shooting script continued to the extent of hourly script updates on shooting dates. The Enterprise was modified inside and out, costume designer Robert Fletcher provided new uniforms, Jerry Goldsmith composed the score, beginning an association with Star Trek that would continue until 2002. The final production cost ballooned to approximately $46 million, the film earned $139 million worldwide, falling short of studio expectations but enough for Paramount to propose a cheaper sequel. Roddenberry was forced out of control for The Wrath of Khan. In 2001, Wise oversaw a directors cut for a special DVD release of the film, with remastered audio, tightened and added scenes, and new computer-generated effects. In 2273, a Starfleet monitoring station, Epsilon Nine, detects an alien force, hidden in a cloud of energy. The cloud destroys three of the Klingon Empires new Ktinga-class warships and the station en route. On Earth, the starship Enterprise is undergoing a refit, her former commanding officer, James T. Kirk, has been promoted to Admiral. Starfleet dispatches Enterprise to investigate the cloud entity as the ship is the one in intercept range. Kirk takes command of the ship citing his experience, angering Captain Willard Decker, testing of Enterprises new systems goes poorly, two officers, including the science officer, are killed by a malfunctioning transporter, and improperly calibrated engines almost destroy the ship. Kirks unfamiliarity with the new systems of the Enterprise increases the tension between him and first officer Decker, Enterprise intercepts the energy cloud and is attacked by an alien vessel within. A probe appears on the bridge, attacks Spock and abducts the navigator and she is replaced by a robotic replica, another probe sent by VGer to study the crew. Decker is distraught over the loss of Ilia, with whom he had a romantic history and he becomes troubled as he attempts to extract information from the doppelgänger, which has Ilias memories and feelings buried within
20.
David Gerrold
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Gerrold was born to a Jewish family on January 24,1944 in Chicago, Illinois. He attended Van Nuys High School, Los Angeles Valley College, although Star Trek producer Gene L. Coon rejected the outline, he realized Gerrold was talented and expressed interest in his submitting some story premises. Bearing preliminary titles and, in cases, preliminary character names. A third premise, Bandi, involved a small being running about the Enterprise as someones pet, a fourth premise, The Protracted Man, applied science fiction to an effect seen in West Side Story, when Maria twirls in her dancing dress and the colours separate. Gerrolds story involved a man transported from a shuttlecraft trying out a new space warp technology, the man is no longer unified, separating into three visible forms when he moves, separated by a fraction of a second. As efforts are undertaken to correct the condition and move the Enterprise to where corrective action can be taken, the fifth premise, The Fuzzies, was also initially rejected by Coon, but a while later he changed his mind and called Gerrolds agent to accept it. Gerrold then expanded the story to a television story outline entitled A Fuzzy Thing Happened To Me…. The name Fuzzy was changed because H, beam Piper had written novels about a fictional alien species of the same name. The script went through numerous rewrites, including, at the insistence of Gerrolds agent, Gerrold later wrote a book, The Trouble With Tribbles, telling the whole story about producing the episode and his earlier premises. The Trouble with Tribbles was one of two books Gerrold wrote about Star Trek in the early 1970s after the series had been canceled. Gerrold contributed two stories for the Emmy Award-winning Star Trek, The Animated Series which ran from 1973 to 1974, More Tribbles, More Troubles, Bem featured the first use of James T. Kirks middle name, which was revealed to be Tiberius. This was later entered into live-action canon in the movie Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country when Captain Kirk, many of the changes Gerrold had advocated in The World of Star Trek were incorporated into Star Trek, The Next Generation when it debuted in 1987. He parted company with the producers at the beginning of the first season, Gerrold wrote a script for Star Trek, The Next Generation entitled Blood and Fire, which included an AIDS metaphor and a gay couple in the ships crew. The script was purchased by the TNG producers, but eventually shelved and he later reworked the story into the third book in the Star Wolf series and again as a two-part episode of the fan-produced Star Trek, New Voyages, which he also directed. Gerrold had wanted to appear onscreen in an episode of Star Trek and he also had an in joke cameo of sorts in Star Trek The Animated Series, More Tribbles, More Troubles where a very thin Ensign is told to seal off the transporter room area by Kirk. Gerrold also provided the voice for alien Em/3/Green in The Jihad, in 2006, for the 40th anniversary of Star Trek, he co-edited, with Robert J. Sawyer, an essay collection titled Boarding the Enterprise. Gerrold acted as a consultant for fan-produced series Star Trek, New Voyages and Star Trek. In June 2013 he was named Show Runner of the series and he also is a creative consultant for Star Trek, Axanar
21.
Gene Roddenberry
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Eugene Wesley Gene Roddenberry was an American television screenwriter and producer. He is best remembered for creating the original Star Trek television series, born in El Paso, Texas, Roddenberry grew up in Los Angeles, where his father was a police officer. Roddenberry flew 89 combat missions in the Army Air Forces during World War II, later, he followed in his fathers footsteps and joined the Los Angeles Police Department, where he also began to write scripts for television. As a freelance writer, Roddenberry wrote scripts for Highway Patrol, Have Gun–Will Travel, in 1964, Roddenberry created Star Trek, which premiered in 1966 and ran for three seasons before being canceled. He then worked on projects, including a string of failed television pilots. The syndication of Star Trek led to its popularity, this, in turn, resulted in the Star Trek feature films, on which Roddenberry continued to produce. He continued to consult on the series until his death in 1991, years after his death, Roddenberry was one of the first humans to have his ashes carried into earth orbit. The popularity of the Star Trek universe and films has inspired films, books, comic books, video games, and fan films set in the Star Trek universe. Roddenberry was born on August 19,1921, in his parents rented home in El Paso, Texas, the family moved to Los Angeles in 1923 after Genes father passed the Civil Service test and was given a police commission there. During his childhood, Roddenberry was interested in reading, especially magazines, and was a fan of stories such as John Carter of Mars, Tarzan. Roddenberry majored in science at Los Angeles City College, where he began dating Eileen-Anita Rexroat. He obtained a license through the United States Army Air Corps-sponsored Civilian Pilot Training Program. He enlisted with the USAAC on December 18,1941, and he graduated from the USAAC on August 5,1942, when he was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He was posted to Bellows Field, Oahu, to join the 394th Bomb Squadron, 5th Bombardment Group, of the Thirteenth Air Force, which flew the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. On August 2,1943, while flying out of Espiritu Santo, the plane Roddenberry was piloting overshot the runway by 500 feet and impacted trees, crushing the nose, the official report absolved Roddenberry of any responsibility. Roddenberry spent the remainder of his career in the United States. He was involved in a plane crash, this time as a passenger. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal, in 1945, Roddenberry began flying for Pan American World Airways, including routes from New York to Johannesburg or Calcutta, the two longest Pan Am routes at the time
22.
Design patent
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In the United States, a design patent is a form of legal protection granted to the ornamental design of a functional item. Design patents are a type of design right. Ornamental designs of jewelry, furniture, beverage containers and computer icons are examples of objects that are covered by design patents, a similar concept, a registered design can be obtained in other countries. In Kenya, Japan, South Korea and Hungary, industrial designs are registered after performing an official novelty search, in the countries of the European Community, one needs to only pay an official fee and meet other formal requirements for registration. For the member states of WIPO, cover is afforded by registration at WIPO, a US design patent covers the ornamental design for an object having practical utility. An object with a design that is similar to the design claimed in a design patent cannot be made. The copy does not have to be exact for the patent to be infringed and it only has to be substantially similar. Design patents with line drawings cover only the features shown as solid lines, items shown as dotted lines are not covered. This is one of the reasons Apple was awarded a jury verdict in the US case of Apple v Samsung, apples patent showed much of their iPhone design as broken lines. It didn’t matter if Samsung was different in those areas, the fact that the solid lines of the patent were the same as Samsungs design meant that Samsung infringed the Apple design patent. Both novel fonts and computer icons can be covered by design patents, icons are only covered, however, when they are displayed on a computer screen, thus making them part of an article of manufacture with practical utility. Screen layouts can also be protected with design patents, in China, Canada, Japan, South Africa, and the United States, a design patent application is not published and is kept secret until granted. In Brazil, the applicant can request that the application be kept in secrecy for a period of 180 days from the filing date and this will also delay the prosecution and granting of the application for 180 days. In Japan, an applicant can request that a design be kept secret for a period of up 3 years after the registration has been granted, in 1842, George Bruce was awarded the first design patent, U. S. The design patent was for a new font, in 1879, Auguste Bartholdi was awarded design patent U. S. Patent D11,023 for the Statue of Liberty and this patent covered the sale of small copies of the statue. Proceeds from the sale of the statues helped raise money to build the statue in New York harbor. In 1919, three design patents were granted for the badge of the American Legion, U. S, patent D54,296, the badge of the American Legion Womens Auxiliary, U. S
23.
Industrial Light & Magic
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Industrial Light & Magic is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas. It is a division of the production company, Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded. It is also the original company of the animation studio Pixar. ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then moved to San Rafael in 1978. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm, Lucas wanted his 1977 film Star Wars to include visual effects that had never been seen on film before. After discovering that the effects department at 20th Century Fox was no longer operational, Lucas approached Douglas Trumbull, famous for the effects on 2001. Trumbull declined as he was committed to working on Steven Spielbergs film Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Dykstra brought together a team of college students, artists, and engineers. Lucas named the group Industrial Light and Magic, which became the Special Visual Effects department on Star Wars. Alongside Dykstra, other leading members of the original ILM team were Ken Ralston, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Joe Johnston, Phil Tippett, Steve Gawley, Lorne Peterson, and Paul Huston. In late 1978, when in pre-production for The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas reformed most of the team into Industrial Light & Magic in Marin County, the Extra-Terrestrial, *batteries not included, The Abyss, and Flubber, and also provided work for Avatar, alongside Weta Digital. In addition to their work for George Lucas, ILM also collaborates with Steven Spielberg on most films that he directs, Dennis Muren has acted as Visual Effects Supervisor on many of these films. After the success of the first Star Wars movie, Lucas became interested in using computer graphics on the sequel. So he contacted Triple-I, known for their early computer effects in movies like Westworld and Futureworld and he found it to be too expensive and returned to handmade models. But the test had showed him it was possible, and he decided he would create his own computer graphics department instead, one of Lucas employees was given the task to find the right people to hire. His search would lead him to NYIT, where he found Edwin Catmull, Catmull and others accepted Lucas job offer, and a new computer division at ILM was created in 1979 with the hiring of Ed Catmull as the first NYIT employee who joined Lucasfilm. John Lasseter, who was hired a few later, worked on computer animation as part of ILMs contribution to Young Sherlock Holmes. The Graphics Group was later sold to Steve Jobs, named Pixar, in 2000, ILM created the OpenEXR format for high-dynamic-range imaging
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Jonathan Frakes
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Jonathan Scott Frakes is an American actor, author, and director. Frakes is best known for his portrayal of Commander William T. Riker in the television series Star Trek, The Next Generation, Frakes also hosted the television series Beyond Belief, Fact or Fiction, challenging viewers to discern his stories of fact-based phenomena and fabricated tales. In June 2011, Frakes narrated the History Channel documentary Lee and he was also the voice actor of David Xanatos in the Disney television series Gargoyles. Frakes directed and also starred in Star Trek, First Contact as well as Star Trek and he also directed Star Trek Voyager. He is also the author of a novel called The Abductors, Frakes married actress Genie Francis, who portrayed Laura Spencer on General Hospital, in 1988. Frakes was born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, the son of Doris J. and he is of mostly German, and some English, descent. He grew up in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a 1970 graduate of Bethlehems Liberty High School, he ran track and played with the Liberty High School Grenadier Band. Frakes received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Theater Arts at Pennsylvania State University in the early 1970s, James R. Frakes died in early 2002. Frakes had a brother, Daniel, who died in 1997 from pancreatic cancer. Frakes first met actress Genie Francis on the set of the soap opera Bare Essence. They began dating in 1985, became engaged in 1986, for a time in the 1970s, Frakes worked for Marvel Comics, appearing at conventions in costume as Captain America. Frakes moved to New York City and became a member of the Impossible Ragtime Theater, in that company, Frakes did his first off-Broadway acting in Eugene ONeills The Hairy Ape directed by George Ferencz. His first Broadway appearance was in Shenandoah, at the same time, he landed a role in the NBC soap opera The Doctors. He played the part of Charles Lindbergh in a 1983 episode of Voyagers, in 1983, he had a role in the short-lived NBC prime time soap opera Bare Essence, and a supporting role in the equally short-lived primetime soap Paper Dolls in 1984. He also had recurring roles in Falcon Crest and the miniseries North and South before signing for the role of Commander William T. Riker on Star Trek, Frakes appeared in the 1986 miniseries Dream West. He had a small, uncredited role in the 1994 movie Camp Nowhere, later, he again played himself on another Family Guy episode, where all seven main TNG actors made voice appearances. Frakes is one of only two Star Trek regulars to appear on four different Star Trek series and he has also directed episodes in three of them and was a popular and innovative director on the Star Trek set, often finding completely new ways to shoot the shows familiar sets. His directing career has included the films Star Trek, First Contact and Star Trek, additionally, Frakes was an executive producer for the WB series Roswell, directed several episodes, and guest-starred in three episodes
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Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
26.
Christie's
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Christies is a historic British auction house. It was founded in 1766 by James Christie and its main premises are in King Street, St. Jamess, in London, and on Rockefeller Plaza in New York City in the United States. The company is owned by Groupe Artémis, the company of François-Henri Pinault. Sales in 2015 totalled £4.8 billion, however, other sources note that James Christie rented auction rooms from 1762, and newspaper advertisements of Christies sales dating from 1759 have also been traced. Christies soon established a reputation as an auction house. From 1859, the company was called Christie, Manson & Woods, in 1958, it established its first overseas office, by placing a representative in Rome. The first overseas salesroom opened in Geneva, where Christies holds jewellery auctions, Christies was a public company, listed on the London Stock Exchange from 1973 to 1999. In 1974, Jo Floyd was appointed chairman of Christies and he served as chairman of Christies International plc. from 1976 to 1988, until handing over to Lord Carrington, and later was a non-executive member of the board of directors until 1992. The auction houses subsidiary Christies International Inc. held its first sale in the United States in 1977,13 years later than Sothebys, Christies growth was slow but steady since 1989, when it had 42 percent of the auction market. In 1990, the company reversed a policy and guaranteed a minimum price for a collection of artworks in its May auctions. In 1996, the auction houses sales eclipsed Sothebys for the first time since 1954. In 1993, Christies paid $10.9 million for the London gallery Spink & Sons, which specialised in Oriental art and British paintings, the company bought Leger Gallery for $3.3 million in 1996, and merged it with Spink to become Spink-Leger. The company has not been reporting profits, though it gives sale totals twice a year. Its policy, in line with U. K. accounting standards, is to convert non-U. K, results using an average exchange rate weighted daily by sales throughout the year. In 2002, Christies France held its first auction in Paris, like Sothebys, Christies became increasingly involved in high-profile private transactions. Under the original deal, the gallery was meant to be the channel for all of Christies private-client business as well as the focus of its primary trade. Also, the house originally announced that Haunch employees could not bid at auction because of conflicts of interest or issues of market manipulation. Today, the continues to operate as an independent company in London and New York
27.
Computer-generated imagery
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The term CGI animation refers to dynamic CGI rendered as a movie. The term virtual world refers to agent-based, interactive environments, Computer graphics software is used to make computer-generated imagery for films, etc. Availability of CGI software and increased computer speeds have allowed artists and small companies to produce professional-grade films, games. This has brought about an Internet subculture with its own set of global celebrities, clichés, the evolution of CGI led to the emergence of virtual cinematography in the 1990s where runs of the simulated camera are not constrained by the laws of physics. Not only do animated images form part of computer-generated imagery, natural looking landscapes are generated via computer algorithms. A simple way to generate fractal surfaces is to use an extension of the triangular mesh method, relying on the construction of special case of a de Rham curve. The creation of a Brownian surface may be achieved not only by adding noise as new nodes are created, thus a topographical map with varying levels of height can be created using relatively straightforward fractal algorithms. Some typical, easy-to-program fractals used in CGI are the plasma fractal, modern architects use services from computer graphic firms to create 3-dimensional models for both customers and builders. These computer generated models can be accurate than traditional drawings. Architectural animation can also be used to see the relationship a building will have in relation to the environment. The rendering of architectural spaces without the use of paper and pencil tools is now an accepted practice with a number of computer-assisted architectural design systems. Architectural modeling tools allow an architect to visualize a space and perform walk-throughs in an interactive manner, Architectural modeling tools have now become increasingly internet-based. However, the quality of internet-based systems still lags behind those of sophisticated in-house modeling systems, in some applications, computer-generated images are used to reverse engineer historical buildings. Computer generated models used in animation are not always anatomically correct. However, organizations such as the Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute have developed anatomically correct computer-based models, Computer generated anatomical models can be used both for instructional and operational purposes. To date, a body of artist produced medical images continue to be used by medical students, such as images by Frank H. Netter. However, a number of anatomical models are becoming available. A single patient X-ray is not a computer generated image, even if digitized, however, in applications which involve CT scans a three-dimensional model is automatically produced from a large number of single slice x-rays, producing computer generated image
28.
Electric Image Animation System
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The Electric Image Animation System is a 3D computer graphics package published by EIAS3D. It currently runs on the macOS and Windows platforms, Electric Image, Inc. was initially a visual effects production company. They developed their own in-house 3D animation and rendering package for the Macintosh beginning in the late 1980s, because it was capable of film-quality output on commodity hardware, ElectricImage was popular in the movie and television industries throughout the decade. Electric Image, Inc. was always a company that produced software on the Mac platform. Play, Inc. purchased Electric Image corporation in November 1998, the first version of EIAS released under the Play moniker was version 2.9. Play later released the 3.0 version and this was the first version to run on Windows, and to mark this move, Play renamed the package Electric Image Universe. Play was never a successful company, and so Electric Image Universe stagnated during the time they owned it. In 2000, Dwight Parscale and original Electric Image founders Markus Houy, on September 19,2000, the company bought back the shares of Electric Image from Play and set about to recapture the products former customer base. The new company released version 4.0 and 5.0 under the Electric Image moniker, then due to a licensing problem with Spatial Technologies, they dropped the Modeler program from the version 5.5 release, and renamed the package back to Electric Image Animation System. Versions 6.0 and 6.5 were subsequently released with vast improvements to the rendering engine, version 6. 5r2 added FBX file importing capability. 6.6 added Universal Binary support and finally drops support for Mac OS9, version 7.0 brought Multi-Layer Rendering, Image-Based Lighting, Raytrace Sky Maps and Rigid Body Dynamics. In 2009, EITG began negotiations to sell the property rights of ElectricImage. On January 12,2010 it was announced that Tomas Egger, Igor Yatsenko, known collectively as The Igors, Igor Yatsenko and Igor Ivaniuk had been EIASs primary software developers for many years. They released version 9.0 in November of 2012, followed by version 9.1 in June of 2013, the existing customer base for EIAS favors it for its fast renderer, its high output quality, and its camera mapping features. The tool set lends itself well to hard-surface animation/rendering and other forms of non-organic tasks. It is most popular with architects and visual artists for TV. EIASs primary competitors in the integrated 3D package space are Autodesk with Maya, 3D Studio Max and Softimage, Maxon with Cinema 4D, the Electric Image Animation System is not a single program, but rather a suite of several programs designed to work together. Each of the primary programs handles a part of the production workflow
29.
Star Trek: Voyager
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Star Trek, Voyager was an American science fiction television series set in the Star Trek universe. The series takes place during the years 2371 to 2378 and it follows the adventures of the Starfleet vessel USS Voyager, which becomes stranded in the Delta Quadrant while searching for a renegade Maquis ship. Voyager has to make the estimated 75-year journey home, Voyager was produced for seven seasons, from 1995 to 2001, and is the first and only Star Trek TV series with a female captain, Kathryn Janeway, as the lead character. Berman served as executive producer in charge of the overall production for the series during its entire run. He was assisted by a second in command executive producer who generally functioned as the day-to-day showrunner, four were used throughout the series run, Michael Piller, Jeri Taylor, Brannon Braga, and Kenneth Biller. Star Trek, Voyager aired on UPN and was the networks second-longest running series, some streaming services also show the pilot as a single episode rather than splitting it up into two parts. As Star Trek, The Next Generation ended, Paramount Pictures wanted to continue to have a second Star Trek TV series to accompany Star Trek, the studio also planned to start a new television network, and wanted the new series to help it succeed. This was reminiscent of Paramounts earlier plans to launch its own network by showcasing Star Trek, Phase II in 1977. Initial work on Star Trek, Voyager began in 1993, when the seventh and final season of Star Trek, The Next Generation, Voyager was shot on the stages The Next Generation had used, and where the Voyager pilot Caretaker was shot in September 1994. Costume designer Robert Blackman decided that the uniforms of Voyagers crew would be the same as those on Deep Space Nine, Star Trek, Voyager was the first Star Trek series to use computer-generated imagery, rather than models, for exterior space shots. SeaQuest DSV and Babylon 5 had previously used CGI to avoid the expense of models, amblin Imaging won an Emmy for Voyagers opening CGI title visuals, but the weekly episode exteriors were captured with hand-built miniatures of Voyager, its shuttlecraft, and other ships. This changed when Voyager went fully CGI for certain types of shots midway through season three, Foundation Imaging was the studio responsible for special effects during Babylon 5s first three seasons. Season threes The Swarm was the first episode to use Foundations effects exclusively, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine began using Foundation Imaging in conjunction with Digital Muse one year later. In its later seasons, Voyager featured visual effects from Foundation Imaging, the digital effects were produced at television resolution and therefore the series cannot be re-released in HD format without re-creating the special effects. In the pilot episode, Caretaker, USS Voyager departs the Deep Space Nine space station on a mission into the treacherous Badlands. They are searching for a ship piloted by a team of Maquis rebels, which Voyagers security officer. There, Voyager finds the Maquis ship, and eventually the two reluctantly agree to join forces to survive their journey home. Chakotay, leader of the Maquis group, becomes Voyagers first officer, BElanna Torres, a half-human/half-Klingon Maquis, becomes chief engineer
30.
Nacelle
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The nacelle is a housing, separate from the fuselage, that holds engines, fuel, or equipment on an aircraft. The covering is typically aerodynamically shaped and this styling device was much copied within the British industry thereafter, although Czech motorcycle manufacturer Česká Zbrojovka Strakonice was using it beforehand. Indeed, the Royal Enfield Bullet still retains its version, the casquette, the last Triumphs to sport nacelles were the 1966 models of the 6T Triumph Thunderbird 650, 5TA Triumph Speed Twin 500, and 3TA Triumph Twenty One 350. Name for the generator and gearbox shell - with rotator shaft - on a horizontal axis wind turbine, like many aviation terms, the word comes from French, in this case from a word for a small boat
31.
Utopia Planitia
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It is located at the antipode of Argyre Planitia, centered at 46. 7°N117. 5°E /46.7,117.5. It is in the Casius quadrangle, Amenthes quadrangle, and the Cebrenia quadrangle of Mars, many rocks at Utopia Planitia appear perched, as if wind removed much of the soil at their bases. A hard surface crust is formed by solutions of minerals moving up through soil, some areas of the surface exhibit what is called scalloped topography, a surface that seems to have been carved out by an ice cream scoop. This surface is thought to have formed by the degradation of an ice-rich permafrost, on November 22,2016, NASA reported finding a large amount of underground ice in the Utopia Planitia region of Mars. The volume of water detected has been estimated to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior, scalloped topography is common in the mid-latitudes of Mars, between 45° and 60° north and south. It is particularly prominent in the region of Utopia Planitia in the hemisphere and in the region of Peneus. Such topography consists of shallow, rimless depressions with scalloped edges, scalloped depressions can be isolated or clustered and sometimes seem to coalesce. A typical scalloped depression displays a gentle equator-facing slope and a steeper pole-facing scarp and this topographic asymmetry is probably due to differences in insolation. Scalloped depressions are believed to form from the removal of material, possibly interstitial ice. This process may still be happening at present, polygonal, patterned ground is quite common in some regions of Mars. It is commonly believed to be caused by the sublimation of ice from the ground, sublimation is the direct change of solid ice to a gas. This is similar to what happens to dry ice on the Earth, places on Mars that display polygonal ground may indicate where future colonists can find water ice. Patterned ground forms in a layer, called latitude dependent mantle. In the Star Trek media franchise, Utopia Planitia—both on Marss surface, the USS Enterprise-D, USS Defiant, USS Voyager, USS Sao Paulo were built there. The Flaming Lips song Approaching Pavonis Mons by Balloon was released in 2002 on the album Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots
32.
Mars
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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is referred to as the Red Planet because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth. The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet, Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan, there are ongoing investigations assessing the past habitability potential of Mars, as well as the possibility of extant life. Future astrobiology missions are planned, including the Mars 2020 and ExoMars rovers, liquid water cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure, which is about 6⁄1000 that of the Earths, except at the lowest elevations for short periods. The two polar ice caps appear to be largely of water. The volume of ice in the south polar ice cap, if melted. On November 22,2016, NASA reported finding a large amount of ice in the Utopia Planitia region of Mars. The volume of water detected has been estimated to be equivalent to the volume of water in Lake Superior, Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye, as can its reddish coloring. Its apparent magnitude reaches −2.91, which is surpassed only by Jupiter, Venus, the Moon, optical ground-based telescopes are typically limited to resolving features about 300 kilometers across when Earth and Mars are closest because of Earths atmosphere. Mars is approximately half the diameter of Earth with an area only slightly less than the total area of Earths dry land. Mars is less dense than Earth, having about 15% of Earths volume and 11% of Earths mass, the red-orange appearance of the Martian surface is caused by iron oxide, or rust. It can look like butterscotch, other common colors include golden, brown, tan. Like Earth, Mars has differentiated into a metallic core overlaid by less dense materials. Current models of its interior imply a core with a radius of about 1,794 ±65 kilometers, consisting primarily of iron and this iron sulfide core is thought to be twice as rich in lighter elements than Earths. The core is surrounded by a mantle that formed many of the tectonic and volcanic features on the planet
33.
Lead ship
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The lead ship, name ship, or class leader is the first of a series or class of ships all constructed according to the same general design. The term is applicable to ships and larger civilian craft. Large ships are complicated internally and may take as much as five to ten years to construct, any changes or advances that are available when building a ship are likely to be included, so it is rare to have two that are identical. Constructing one ship is likely to reveal better ways of doing things. The second and later ships are often started before the first one is completed, launched and tested, the improvements will sometimes be retrofitted to the lead ship. Larger civilian craft, such as Sun Princess, the ship of the Sun-class cruise ships. The same custom is followed in fiction, the Constitution-class cruiser is the basis for the Enterprise of Star Trek. Example of a lead ship announcement from US Navy USS Pennsylvania BB-38
34.
Sputnik 1
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Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957 and it was a 58 cm diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. It was visible all around the Earth and its radio pulses were detectable and this surprise success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, a part of the larger Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, tracking and studying Sputnik 1 from Earth provided scientists with valuable information, even though the satellite itself wasnt equipped with sensors. The density of the atmosphere could be deduced from its drag on the orbit. Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No. 1/5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, the satellite travelled at about 29,000 kilometres per hour, taking 96.2 minutes to complete each orbit. It transmitted on 20.005 and 40.002 MHz, the signals continued for 21 days until the transmitter batteries ran out on 26 October 1957. Sputnik burned up on 4 January 1958 while reentering Earths atmosphere, after travelling about 70 million km, on 17 December 1954, chief Soviet rocket scientist Sergei Korolev addressed Dimitri Ustinov and proposed a developmental plan for an artificial satellite. Korolev forwarded a report by Mikhail Tikhonravov with an overview of similar projects abroad, Tikhonravov had emphasized that the launch of an orbital satellite was an inevitable stage in the development of rocket technology. On 29 July 1955, U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower announced through his press secretary that the United States would launch an artificial satellite during the International Geophysical Year. A week later, on 8 August, the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union approved the proposal to create an artificial satellite. On 30 August Vasily Ryabikov – the head of the State Commission on R-7 rocket test launches – held a meeting where Korolev presented calculation data for a trajectory to the Moon. They decided to develop a version of the R-7 rocket for satellite launches. On 30 January 1956 the Council of Ministers approved practical work on an artificial Earth-orbiting satellite. This satellite, named Object D, was planned to be completed in 1957–58, it would have a mass of 1,000 to 1,400 kg, the first test launch of Object D was scheduled for 1957. These included measuring the density of the atmosphere and its ion composition, the wind, magnetic fields. These data would be valuable in the creation of artificial satellites. A system of stations was to be developed to collect data transmitted by the satellite, observe the satellites orbit
35.
First contact (science fiction)
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First contact is a common science fiction theme about the first meeting between humans and extraterrestrial life, or of any sentient races first encounter with another one. The theme allows authors to explore topics such as xenophobia, transcendentalism. Of many variations of the trope, one may recognize the subclasses of the actual meeting of two civilizations and the message from space one. There have been entire series devoted to this theme, one classic series is the interstellar trader series by Andre Norton. Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelles The Mote in Gods Eye was written to be, in Nivens words, the epitome of first contact novels. Here it is humanity that plays the role of visiting aliens, as the religious, technological, political, psychological, military, cultural, and biological implications of first contact are explored. By contrast, in the works of Iain M. Novels such as The Player of Games, in the novel Excession, Banks coins the phrase Outside Context Problem in relation to first contact. This gap between individuals and their societies is characteristic of the First Contact plot of E. T. Other explorations of the theme in popular culture include encounters with predatory or semi-sentient races as in Alien, clarkes Time Odyssey series, and Stanisław Lems planet Solaris and the events of the novel Fiasco. A major theme of a number of works of Stanislaw Lem, humor has been used in a number of stories. An example is Fredric Browns Puppet Show in which an obvious, gary Larson occasionally used the theme in his The Far Side comics, such as showing an alien falling down the steps of a flying saucer, thereby ruining a dramatic entrance. The theme of first contact, ranging from friendly collaboration to menace or conflict, has been visualized a number of films, amongst the more famous are Steven Spielbergs film Close Encounters of the Third Kind and the television series V. Also written from the point of view is the novel Nor Crystal Tears by Alan Dean Foster. The conflict was quickly smothered by the community, but the reputation
36.
Borg (Star Trek)
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The Borg are a fictional alien race that appear as recurring antagonists in the Star Trek franchise. The Borg are a collection of species that have turned into cybernetic organisms functioning as drones in a hive mind called the Collective or the Hive. The Borg use a process called assimilation to force other species into the Collective by injecting microscopic machines called nanoprobes, the Borg are driven by a need for perfection, and assimilate other races to further that goal. Aside from being recurring antagonists in The Next Generation television series, they are depicted as the threat in the film Star Trek. In addition, they played major roles in the Voyager series, the Borg have become a symbol in popular culture for any juggernaut against which resistance is futile. TV Guide named the Borg #4 in their 2013 list of the 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time and it was thwarted by the Enterprise crew and presumably never heard of again. The Borg featured a new antagonist and regular enemy that was lacking during the first season of TNG, the Klingons were allies and the Romulans mostly absent. The Borg, however, with their appearance, immense power. In Voyager episode Q2, even Q tells his son to never provoke the Borg, the exact phrasing varies and evolves over the various series episodes and film. One phrase, from TNG, is, We are the Borg and your biological and technological distinctiveness will be added to our own. The complete phrase used in Star Trek, First Contact, as performed by Jeff Coopwood is, lower your shields and surrender your ships. We will add your biological and technological distinctiveness to our own and your culture will adapt to service us. The phrase resistance is futile became prevalent in culture from its use in the television show TNG. The Borg uttered the phrase in several Star Trek episodes and the film Star Trek, Patrick Stewarts delivery of the line, as Locutus, in The Best of Both Worlds was ranked no.93 in TV Lands list of The 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catchphrases. It was used as the title for an episode of the TV series Dexter and this comic book also antedates the appearance of the Borg in TNG. The origin of the Borg is never clear, though they are portrayed as having existed for hundreds of thousands of years. Guinan mentions that the Borg are made up of organic and artificial life which has been developing for thousands of centuries, now awake in the 24th century, he is amazed to see that the Borg control a vast area of the Delta Quadrant. Seven of Nine comments that the Borgs collective memories of time period are fragmentary
37.
Q (Star Trek)
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Q is a fictional character in Star Trek, The Next Generation, Star Trek, Deep Space Nine, and Star Trek, Voyager, as well as in related media. In all of these programs, he is portrayed by John de Lancie, like his fellow Q, he is said to be nigh-omnipotent, and he is continually evasive regarding his true motivations. The true nature of the realm is said to be beyond the comprehension of lesser beings such as humans, beginning with the pilot episode Encounter at Farpoint of The Next Generation, Q became a recurring character, with pronounced comedic and dramatic chemistry between Jean-Luc Picard and himself. He serves as a major antagonist throughout The Next Generation, playing a role in both the first and final episodes. Other times, notably during Deja Q and Voyager, Q appears to the crew seeking assistance, gene Roddenberry chose the letter Q in honor of his friend, Janet Quarton. Q later inspired the My Little Pony, Friendship is Magic antagonist Discord, in Qs debut Encounter at Farpoint, he puts Picard and the Enterprise crew on trial, arguing that humanity is a dangerous race and should be destroyed. When they later save the life of an alien, Q agrees to defer judgement. Qs next appearance was later in the first season, in the episode Hide and Q, Q believes that humanity has the potential to one day evolve beyond the Q, and he wants to understand how. He settles on Picards first officer, Commander Riker, but Q fails to trigger the evolution, thereby losing a wager with Picard, Q is bound by the terms of the wager to stay out of humanitys path forever. Q instantly vanishes, but continues to appear in episodes as if the wager never occurred. In Q Who, he offers to divest himself of his powers and guide humanity through uncharted regions, Picard argues that Qs services are unneeded, and Q rebuts him by teleporting the USS Enterprise to a distant system for their first encounter with the Borg. Unable to resist the Borg, Picard must ask Q to save the ship, Q returns the Enterprise home and tells Picard that other men would rather have died than ask for help. The Star Trek, The Next Generation Companion states that the Borg already knew about Earth and were en route. The Star Trek, Enterprise episode, Regeneration, explains that the encounter in system J-25 intensified the Borgs interest in humanity, Qs actions stabilized the time stream by creating a different cause for the Borgs awareness of the Federation. In the original reality, Cochranes warnings go unheeded, in Déjà Q, Q is punished by the Q Continuum by being made mortal, his committing of an uncharacteristically selfless act garners the return of his powers. In the same episode, Q says that Picard is the closest thing in this universe that I have to a friend. Toward the end of The Next Generation, Q is less antagonistic toward Picard, even, in Tapestry, apparently saving Picard, in the series finale, All Good Things. Q gives Picard a helping hand in saving humanity by helping him figure out what is causing antitime to flow into the universe which will inevitably stop humanity from ever being born
38.
Klingon starships
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In the Star Trek franchise, the Klingon Empire makes use of several classes of starships. This contrasts with the exploration and research vessels used by Starfleet, the configuration of Jefferiess design featured a bulbous forward hull connected by a long boom to a wing-like main hull with the engine nacelles mounted on each wingtip. Though a variety of Klingon ships have appeared in Star Trek, most Klingon vessels were physically built as scale models, although later computer-generated imagery was used to create the models. In recent years, many of the studio models have been sold at auctions. All Klingon ships are equipped with some form of sublight engine, Klingon vessels are usually depicted as being heavily armed, equipped with particle beam weapons called disruptors and photon torpedoes, an antimatter weapon, as primary offensive weaponry. Later Klingon ships use cloaking devices, for The Next Generation and Deep Space Nine, Klingon ships were designed by Rick Sternbach to reflect technology exchanges as a result of an alliance between the Klingons and Starfleet. In the prequel television series Enterprise, Klingon ships are designed to more primitive than those chronologically later in the franchise. The interior of Klingon vessels is utilitarian in nature, this is intended to mimic an old submarine, Klingon ship names are usually preceded by the prefix IKS, an abbreviation for Imperial Klingon Starship. The D7-class battlecruiser is the first Klingon starship observed in the Star Trek franchise, the vessel was designed by Matt Jefferies to be distinctive and quickly recognized by viewers. As Jefferies wanted the D7-class to appear threatening, even vicious, the spread-wing primary hull, long neck and bulbous command module configuration of the D7-class became the basic blueprint for Klingon vessels in the later television series. Jefferiess original model for the D7-class now resides in the Smithsonian Institutions National Air and Space Museum and it is shown to be armed with several disruptor banks that fire in pulses, and in the remastered version, with a torpedo launcher in the forward module. In one episode of The Animated Series, More Tribbles, More Troubles, the vessel possesses both impulse engines and warp drive, allowing for faster-than-light travel. While Klingon vessels in the series set after The Original Series possess cloaking devices. With an overall green hue, this model had a more detailed hull in comparison to the bland gray of the original. This remastered D7-class was digitally inserted into episodes earlier than their original appearances, an upgrade of the design used for the D7-class vessel, the Ktinga-class battlecruiser was first conceived for use in the pilot episode of Star Trek, Phase II. When Phase II was abandoned, the story of the pilot was adapted for Star Trek, The Motion Picture, where three Ktinga-class battlecruisers are used in the opening scenes. Andrew Probert is credited as the designer of the Ktinga model in its design patent, the configuration of the vessels impulse engines also differs from that of the D7-class. ILMs alterations were meant to contrast, with the Enterprise-A, which is very smooth and monochromatic and cool, while this Klingon ship is very regal and ostentatious and warm
39.
Star Trek: First Contact
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Star Trek, First Contact is a 1996 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures. It is the feature film in the Star Trek film franchise. In the films plot, the crew of the Starship USS Enterprise-E travel back in time to the mid-21st century to stop the cybernetic Borg from conquering Earth by changing the past. After the release of the film, Star Trek Generations, Paramount tasked writers Brannon Braga. Braga and Moore wanted to feature the Borg in the plot, after two better-known directors turned down the job, cast member Jonathan Frakes was chosen to direct, to make sure the task fell to someone who understood Star Trek. It was Frakes first theatrical film, the script required the creation of new starship designs, including a new USS Enterprise. Production designer Herman Zimmerman and illustrator John Eaves collaborated to make a ship than its predecessor. Principal photography began with weeks of shooting in Arizona and California before production moved to new sets for the ship-based scenes. Effects company Industrial Light & Magic rushed to complete the special effects in less than five months. Traditional optical effects techniques were supplemented with computer-generated imagery, Jerry Goldsmith and his son Joel collaborated to produce the films score. First Contact was the film on its opening weekend, making $30.7 million. The film made $92 million in the United States & Canada, critical reception was mostly positive, critics including Roger Ebert considered it one of the best Star Trek films. The Borg and the effects were lauded, while characterization was less evenly received. First Contact was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Makeup, the film has been released on videotape, LaserDisc, DVD and Blu-ray home video formats. Scholarly analysis of the film has focused on Captain Jean-Luc Picards parallels to Herman Melvilles Ahab, Captain Jean-Luc Picard wakes from a nightmare in which he relived his assimilation by the cybernetic Borg six years earlier. Starfleet informs him of a new Borg attack against The Federation, intercepting the overwhelmed fleets audio communications, Picard disobeys orders and heads the Enterprise for Earth, where a single, damaged Borg Cube destroys opposing Starfleet vessels. The Enterprise arrives in time to save the crew of the USS Defiant, Picard takes command of the fleet and, after hearing Borg communications in his mind, orders it to concentrate its firepower on a seemingly non-vital section of the Borg ship. The Cube is destroyed but manages to launch a smaller sphere ship towards the planet before disintegrating, the Borg sphere generates and enters a temporal vortex
40.
Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual
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The ST, TNG TM is written from the perspective of the 24th century, where TNG is set, it also contains a wealth of behind-the-scenes trivia distinguishable from the technical content. The work is not considered by Paramount to be uncontradictable canon, the book itself claims that elements of it may be false or misleading in order to mislead threat forces. Some ideas developed for the manual, or its predecessor. This idea was shelved due to limitations and resistance from producer Michael Piller. However, Moore and Braga later included the scenario in Star Trek Generations, also first seen in the technical manual were the Nova-class starship and the USS Galaxy. It also contains a section regarding the history of the development of the Galaxy-class ships, in addition to the more serious material, the manual also contains a number of inside jokes. A follow-up title, the Star Trek, Deep Space Nine Technical Manual, was published in 1998, list of Star Trek Technical Manuals
41.
Ronald D. Moore
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Ronald Dowl Moore is an American screenwriter and television producer. He is best known for his work on Star Trek, on the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica television series, for which he won a Peabody Award, Moore was raised in Chowchilla, California. He describes himself as a recovering Catholic and is agnostic, Moore dabbled in writing and drama in high school. He later completed his degree through Regents College and he served for one month during the summer of his freshman year on the frigate USS W. S. Sims. Moore spent the three years drifting between various odd jobs and temporary work. As Moore himself recounted in the book, Star Trek, The Next Generation 365, by the fall of 1986, working as a medical records technician at an animal hospital, all the while telling myself that I was actually a professional writer simply awaiting my inevitable discovery. In 1988, he toured the Star Trek, The Next Generation sets during the filming of the episode Time Squared. While there, he passed a script he had written to one of Gene Roddenberrys assistants, about seven months later, executive producer Michael Piller read the script and bought it, it became the third season episode The Bonding. Based on that script he was offered the opportunity to write a second script, two years later, he was promoted to co-producer, then producer for the series final year. He is credited with writing or co-writing 27 Next Generation episodes and he co-wrote several episodes with Brannon Braga, developing a successful working relationship that led to them being offered the chance to write the series television finale, All Good Things. The series also received an Emmy Award nomination in its final year for Outstanding Drama Series, the pair also wrote the screenplay for the Next Generation crews first two big screen appearances, Star Trek Generations and Star Trek, First Contact. Moore then joined the staff of Star Trek, Deep Space Nine for its third season as a supervising producer. And Once More Unto the Breach, with the end of Deep Space Nine in 1999, Moore transferred over to the production staff of Star Trek, Voyager at the start of its sixth season, where his writing partner Braga was executive producer. However, Moore left Voyager only a matter of weeks later, with Survival Instinct, in a January 2000 interview for Cinescape magazine, Moore cited problems in his working relationship with Brannon Braga for his short stay, I have very hurt feelings about Brannon. What happened between me and him is just between he and I and it was a breakdown of trust. I would have quit any show where I was not allowed to participate in the process like that, I wasn’t allowed to participate in the process, and I wasn’t part of the show. I felt like I was freelancing my own show, Moore and Braga can be heard talking together on the commentary tracks for the DVD release of Star Trek Generations and Star Trek, First Contact. After leaving Voyager, Moore briefly worked as a producer on Good vs Evil before joining Roswell as a co-executive producer
