1.
2011 Cannes Film Festival
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The 64th annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 11 to 22 May 2011. American actor Robert De Niro served as the president of the jury for the main competition, south Korean film director Bong Joon-ho was the head of the jury for the Caméra dOr prize, which is awarded to the best first-time filmmaker. Midnight in Paris, written and directed by Woody Allen, opened the festival, mélanie Laurent hosted the opening and closing ceremonies. Italian film director Bernardo Bertolucci was presented with the third Honorary Palme dOr Award at the ceremony of the festival. Though the award had been given out sporadically in the past the Honorary Palme dOr was supposed to presented annually after 2011, however it was not given again until the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. Gus Van Sants Restless opened the Un Certain Regard section, jailed Iranian film directors Jafar Panahi and Mohammad Rasoulof were honoured at the festival. Goodbye by Rasoulof and Panahis This Is Not a Film was screened at the festival, four female directors featured in the main competition, Australian Julia Leigh, Japans Naomi Kawase, Scottish director Lynne Ramsay and Frances own Maïwenn Le Besco. Danish film director Lars von Trier caused controversy with comments he made at the conference of his film Melancholia. When he was asked about the relation between the influences of German Romanticism in the film and his own German heritage, the director made jokes about Jews and Nazis. He said he understood Adolf Hitler and admired the work of architect Albert Speer, the Palme dOr was won by the American film The Tree of Life directed by Terrence Malick. Two of the producers, Bill Pohlad and Sarah Green. The Tree of Life is the first American film to win the Palme dOr since Fahrenheit 9/11 in 2004, head of the jury, Robert De Niro, said it was difficult to choose a winner, but The Tree of Life ultimately fit the bill. De Niro explained, It had the size, the importance, the intention, whatever you want to call it, that seemed to fit the prize. Declaration of War, directed by Valérie Donzelli, and Bachelor Days Are Over, feature films Special screenings Short films The following films were selected to be screened in the Cannes Classics section
2.
Cologne
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Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest city in Germany. It is located within the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan areas, and with more than ten million inhabitants, Cologne is located on both sides of the Rhine River, less than eighty kilometres from Belgium. The citys famous Cologne Cathedral is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne, the University of Cologne is one of Europes oldest and largest universities. Cologne was founded and established in Ubii territory in the first century AD as the Roman Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium, Cologne, the French version of the citys name, has become standard in English as well. The city functioned as the capital of the Roman province of Germania Inferior, during the Middle Ages it flourished on one of the most important major trade routes between east and west in Europe. Cologne was one of the members of the Hanseatic League and one of the largest cities north of the Alps in medieval. Up until World War II the city had several occupations by the French. Cologne was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II, the bombing reduced the population by 95%, mainly due to evacuation, and destroyed almost the entire city. With the intention of restoring as many buildings as possible. Cologne is a cultural centre for the Rhineland, it hosts more than thirty museums. Exhibitions range from local ancient Roman archeological sites to contemporary graphics, the Cologne Trade Fair hosts a number of trade shows such as Art Cologne, imm Cologne, Gamescom, and the Photokina. The first urban settlement on the grounds of modern-day Cologne was Oppidum Ubiorum, founded in 38 BC by the Ubii, in 50 AD, the Romans founded Colonia on the Rhine and the city became the provincial capital of Germania Inferior in 85 AD. The city was named Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in 50 AD, considerable Roman remains can be found in present-day Cologne, especially near the wharf area, where a notable discovery of a 1900-year-old Roman boat was made in late 2007. From 260 to 271 Cologne was the capital of the Gallic Empire under Postumus, Marius, in 310 under Constantine a bridge was built over the Rhine at Cologne. Roman imperial governors resided in the city and it one of the most important trade. Cologne is shown on the 4th century Peutinger Map, maternus, who was elected as bishop in 313, was the first known bishop of Cologne. The city was the capital of a Roman province until occupied by the Ripuarian Franks in 462, parts of the original Roman sewers are preserved underneath the city, with the new sewerage system having opened in 1890. Early medieval Cologne was part of Austrasia within the Frankish Empire, Cologne had been the seat of a bishop since the Roman period, under Charlemagne, in 795, bishop Hildebold was promoted to archbishop
3.
North Rhine-Westphalia
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North Rhine-Westphalia is the most populous state of Germany, with a population of approximately 18 million, and the fourth largest by area. Its capital is Düsseldorf, the most populous city is Cologne, four of Germanys ten largest cities—Cologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, and Essen—are located within the state, as well as the largest metropolitan area on the European continent, Rhine-Ruhr. North Rhine-Westphalia was formed in 1946 as a merger of the provinces of North Rhine and Westphalia, the state has been run by a coalition of the Social Democrats and Greens since 2010. The Ubii and some other Germanic tribes such as the Cugerni were later settled on the west side of the Rhine in the Roman province of Germania Inferior, North of the Sigambri and the Rhine region were the Bructeri. By the 8th century the Frankish dominion was established in western Germany. But at the time, to the north, Westphalia was being taken over by Saxons pushing south. The Merovingian and Carolingian Franks eventually built an empire which controlled first their Ripuarian kin, the Ottonian dynasty had both Saxon and Frankish ancestry. As the central power of the Holy Roman Emperor weakened, the Rhineland split into small independent principalities, each with its separate vicissitudes. Such struggles as the War of the Limburg Succession therefore continued to create military, Aachen was the place of coronation of the German emperors, and the ecclesiastical principalities of the Rhine bulked largely in German history. Prussia first set foot on the Rhine in 1609 by the occupation of the Duchy of Cleves and about a century later Upper Guelders and Moers also became Prussian. At the peace of Basel in 1795 the whole of the bank of the Rhine was resigned to France. In 1920, the districts of Eupen and Malmedy were transferred to Belgium, around 1 AD there were numerous incursions through Westphalia and perhaps even some permanent Roman or Romanized settlements. The Battle of Teutoburg Forest took place near Osnabrück and some of the Germanic tribes who fought at this came from the area of Westphalia. Charlemagne is thought to have spent considerable time in Paderborn and nearby parts and his Saxon Wars also partly took place in what is thought of as Westphalia today. Popular legends link his adversary Widukind to places near Detmold, Bielefeld, Lemgo, Osnabrück, Widukind was buried in Enger, which is also a subject of a legend. Along with Eastphalia and Engern, Westphalia was originally a district of the Duchy of Saxony, in 1180 Westphalia was elevated to the rank of a duchy by Emperor Barbarossa. The Duchy of Westphalia comprised only an area south of the Lippe River. Parts of Westphalia came under Brandenburg-Prussian control during the 17th and 18th centuries, the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, signed in Münster and Osnabrück, ended the Thirty Years War
4.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
5.
Palm Springs, California
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Palm Springs is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately 55 mi east of San Bernardino,107 mi east of Los Angeles,123 mi northeast of San Diego, the population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately 94 square miles, making it the largest city in the county by land area, biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of recreation in Palm Springs. The city is famous for its mid-century modern architecture and design elements. Archaeological research has shown that the Cahuilla people have lived in the area for the past 350–500 years, the Cahuilla name for the area was Se-Khi. The alternating non-reservation sections were granted to the Southern Pacific Railroad as an incentive to bring rail lines through the open desert, presently the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians is composed of several smaller bands who live in the modern day Coachella Valley and San Gorgonio Pass areas. The Agua Caliente Reservation occupies 32,000 acres, of which 6,700 acres lie within the city limits, as of 1821 Mexico was independent of Spain and in March 1823 the Mexican Monarchy ended. With the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the region was ceded to the United States in 1848, one possible origin of palm in the place name comes from early Spanish explorers who referred to the area as La Palma de la Mano de Dios or The Palm of Gods hand. The earliest use of the name Palm Springs is from United States Topographical Engineers who used the term in 1853 maps, other early names were Palmetto Spring and Big Palm Springs. The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, fourteen years later, the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles to the north, isolating the station. By 1885, when San Francisco attorney John Guthrie McCallum began buying property in Palm Springs, the area was named Palm Valley when McCallum incorporated the Palm Valley Land and Water Company with partners O. C. He also asked Dr. Welwood Murray to establish a hotel across the street from his residence, the crops and irrigation systems suffered flooding in 1893 from record rainfall, and then an 11-year drought caused further damage. The city became a resort in the 1900s when health tourists arrived with conditions that required dry heat. Because of the heat, however, the population dropped markedly in the summer months, Early illustrious visitors included John Muir and his daughters, U. S. Vice President Charles Fairbanks, and Fanny Stevenson, widow of Robert Louis Stevenson, still, Murrays hotel was closed in 1909, nellie N. Coffman and her physician husband Harry established The Desert Inn as a hotel and sanitarium in 1909. It was expanded as a hotel in 1927 and continued on until 1967. Coffman herself was a force in the citys tourism industry until her death in 1950. James Wonders of the Colorado Desert was followed in 1920 by J. Smeaton Chases Our Araby, Palm Springs and the Garden of the Sun, which also served to promote the area
6.
Germans
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Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history. German is the mother tongue of a substantial majority of ethnic Germans. The English term Germans has historically referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages, before the collapse of communism and the reunification of Germany in 1990, Germans constituted the largest divided nation in Europe by far. Ever since the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire, of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans. Thus, the number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied. Today, people from countries with German-speaking majorities most often subscribe to their own national identities, the German term Deutsche originates from the Old High German word diutisc, referring to the Germanic language of the people. It is not clear how commonly, if at all, the word was used as an ethnonym in Old High German, used as a noun, ein diutscher in the sense of a German emerges in Middle High German, attested from the second half of the 12th century. The Old French term alemans is taken from the name of the Alamanni and it was loaned into Middle English as almains in the early 14th century. The word Dutch is attested in English from the 14th century, denoting continental West Germanic dialects, while in most Romance languages the Germans have been named from the Alamanni, the Old Norse, Finnish and Estonian names for the Germans were taken from that of the Saxons. In Slavic languages, the Germans were given the name of němьci, originally with a meaning foreigner, the English term Germans is only attested from the mid-16th century, based on the classical Latin term Germani used by Julius Caesar and later Tacitus. It gradually replaced Dutch and Almains, the latter becoming mostly obsolete by the early 18th century, the Germans are a Germanic people, who as an ethnicity emerged during the Middle Ages. Originally part of the Holy Roman Empire, around 300 independent German states emerged during its decline after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ending the Thirty Years War and these states eventually formed into modern Germany in the 19th century. The concept of a German ethnicity is linked to Germanic tribes of antiquity in central Europe, the early Germans originated on the North German Plain as well as southern Scandinavia. By the 2nd century BC, the number of Germans was significantly increasing and they began expanding into eastern Europe, during antiquity these Germanic tribes remained separate from each other and did not have writing systems at that time. In the European Iron Age the area that is now Germany was divided into the La Tène horizon in Southern Germany and the Jastorf culture in Northern Germany. By 55 BC, the Germans had reached the Danube river and had either assimilated or otherwise driven out the Celts who had lived there, and had spread west into what is now Belgium and France. Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine, in Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become an influence in the development of a common German identity
7.
English people
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The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England, who speak the English language. The English identity is of medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD, England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England along with the later Danes, Normans, in the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become closely aligned with British customs. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system and these and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire. The concept of an English nation is far older than that of the British nation, many recent immigrants to England have assumed a solely British identity, while others have developed dual or mixed identities. Use of the word English to describe Britons from ethnic minorities in England is complicated by most non-white people in England identifying as British rather than English. In their 2004 Annual Population Survey, the Office for National Statistics compared the ethnic identities of British people with their national identity. They found that while 58% of white people in England described their nationality as English and it is unclear how many British people consider themselves English. Following complaints about this, the 2011 census was changed to allow respondents to record their English, Welsh, Scottish, another complication in defining the English is a common tendency for the words English and British to be used interchangeably, especially overseas. In his study of English identity, Krishan Kumar describes a common slip of the tongue in which people say English, I mean British. He notes that this slip is made only by the English themselves and by foreigners. Kumar suggests that although this blurring is a sign of Englands dominant position with the UK and it tells of the difficulty that most English people have of distinguishing themselves, in a collective way, from the other inhabitants of the British Isles. In 1965, the historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote, When the Oxford History of England was launched a generation ago and it meant indiscriminately England and Wales, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, and even the British Empire. Foreigners used it as the name of a Great Power and indeed continue to do so, bonar Law, by origin a Scotch Canadian, was not ashamed to describe himself as Prime Minister of England Now terms have become more rigorous. The use of England except for a geographic area brings protests and this version of history is now regarded by many historians as incorrect, on the basis of more recent genetic and archaeological research. The 2016 study authored by Stephan Schiffels et al, the remaining portion of English DNA is primarily French, introduced in a migration after the end of the Ice Age
8.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
9.
Altar server
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An altar server is a lay assistant to a member of the clergy during a Christian liturgy. An altar server attends to supporting tasks at the altar such as fetching and carrying, ringing the altar bell, a young male altar server is commonly called an altar boy, whereas a young female altar server is commonly called an altar girl. Altar servers are a post-Trent innovation in parish churches, formerly, professed acolytes performed these functions, except in womens monasteries where nuns substituted for acolytes. When priestly training developed in seminaries, professed acolytes were no longer available in parishes, so as in convents, substitutes called altar servers developed. In the parishes, only men and boys served at the altar, in the United States, only the Diocese of Lincoln, Nebraska has not granted permission. Even where the bishop grants permission, the priest in charge of a church is not obliged to avail of it, traditionalist Catholic groups such as the FSSP and the Institute of Christ the King and some individual priests do not. These must receive the ministry of acolyte, which historically was classified as a minor order, Servers hold the liturgical books for the celebrant when he is not at the altar and is proclaiming the presidential prayers with outstretched hands. They bring and hold such things as books, thuribles, lavabo bowl and towel, patens, communion bowls and they present the cruets of wine and water for the celebrant or deacon to pour some into the chalice. If incense is used, the thurible and incense are presented to the celebrant and, if there is no deacon, a server incenses the celebrant, any concelebrants. When the celebrant then washes his hands standing at the side of the altar, consecration, The altar server shortly rings the consecration bells twice during the Epiklesis. After each of the consecrations of the bread and wine, the bread and wine is then the Body, Blood, Soul, the altar servers ring the consecration bells shortly three times, at the elevation of both the Host and Chalice. If incense is used, a server incenses the consecrated host, sign of Peace, The servers may receive the sign of peace from the celebrant or deacon within the sanctuary. Recessional, The servers lead the celebrant and any concelebrants as at the entrance procession, if a bishop celebrates Mass solemnly, two servers, wearing vimpas, hold the mitre and the crosier, and present them at the appropriate times. Servers may also be needed to carry a processional canopy during a procession with the Blessed Sacrament outside, in the Tridentine Mass, the 1962 version of which is an authorized extraordinary form of the Roman Rite, altar servers have the following responsibilities at Low Mass and Missa Cantata. Mass of the Catechumens Processional, Servers carry the thurible, incense boat, processional cross, after the sacristy bells are rung and first genuflection at the high altar, the server takes the priests biretta, kisses it, and places on the Presidential Chair. Post-Epistle, Servers move Missal from Epistle side of the altar to the Gospel side of the altar, Mass of the Faithful Servers ring the altar bell once as the priest unveils the chalice and places the veil on the altar. Preparation of the chalice, Servers present the cruets of water, lavabo, A server administers the water to the priest as he ritually washes his hands. Beginning of the Sanctus, Altar bell is rung thrice, Canon of Mass, When the priest extends his hands over the chalice and begins the Hanc igitur
10.
Cantor (Christianity)
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Generally a cantor must be competent to choose and to conduct the vocals for the choir, to start any chant on demand, and to be able to identify and correct the missteps of singers placed under him. He may be accountable for the immediate rendering of the music, showing the course of the melody by movements of the hand. There are several titles for the psaltes, which depend on the recognition of his capabilities as a chanter, sometimes connected with an employment, the cantor or chanters sing the many hymns called for during the Divine Services and the Divine Liturgy. A chanter must be knowledgeable about the ecclesiastical modes as well as the structure of the services. At Constantinople the charge of a protopsaltes was prestigious and connected with Byzantine offices, in the tradition of the cathedral rite at Hagia Sophia, there was a distinction between the leader of the right choir and the leader of the left choir. In the Greek tradition, a chanter will often wear the exorason, in the Greek tradition, the chanters are stationed at a psalterion, a chanting podium positioned to the south and sometimes also to the north side of the sanctuary. In the Slavic tradition, the chanters are similarly positioned, before the Second Vatican Council, in the Roman Catholic Church a cantor was the leading singer of the choir, a bona fide clerical role. The medieval cantor of the papal Schola Cantorum was called Prior scholae or Primicerius, in medieval cathedrals, the cantor or precentor directed the music and chant, and was also one of the ranking dignitaries of the chapter. During the 14th century in churches, the cantor began to delegate his instruction of the singers to a master of music. After the introduction of harmonized music, some duties naturally fell to the conductor or choirmaster, today, the cantor is a role that can be performed by a lay person. In parishes without a choir, the cantor serves to lead the responsorial singing with the congregation, the cantors locality in the church is most generally to the right of the choir, and directly to his left is his assistant, formerly called the succentor. A common custom for cantors was the bearing of the staff, which was the mark of his dignity and this custom still survives in some places. In Protestant churches the role of the cantor can be lay or pastoral, johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Philipp Telemann were among the famous musicians employed under this system. In cathedral churches in the Anglican communion, the precentor or head cantor is a member of the governing chapter and his stall is opposite the deans and the two sides of the divided choir are accordingly known as decani and cantoris. Anglican church music Contemporary Catholic liturgical music Gregorian chant Mass Moran, the Choir of the Hagia Sophia. Der byzantinische Chor, wie er sich in den Typika des 10. -12 and this article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. The Catholic Encyclopedia,1913 Cantor, Merriam-Webster Cantor Byzantine Music, biographies and Recordings of important Psaltes of the Constantinopolitan Patriarchate. John Koukouzeles Teretismos sung by Ensemble Romeiko in Historic Costumes, national Library of Athens, Romeiko Ensemble
11.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
12.
Andy Warhol's Frankenstein
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Andy Warhols Frankenstein is a 1973 Italian-French horror film directed by Paul Morrissey and produced by Andy Warhol, Andrew Braunsberg, Louis Peraino and Carlo Ponti. It stars Udo Kier, Joe Dallesandro, Monique van Vooren, interiors were filmed at Cinecittà in Rome by a crew of Italian filmmakers. In the United States, the film was marketed as Andy Warhols Frankenstein and it was rated X by the MPAA due to its explicit sexuality and violence. A 3-D version also played in Australia in 1986, along with Blood for Dracula, in the 1970s, a 3-D version played in Stockholm, Sweden and in London, England. In subsequent US DVD releases, the film was retitled Flesh for Frankenstein, the doctors sublimation of his sexual urges by his powerful urge for domination is shown when he utilizes the surgical wounds of his female creation to satisfy his lust. Not knowing these details, Nicholas survives and is summoned by Katrin to the castle. Nicholas realizes at this point that something is awry, but himself pretends not to recognize his friends face until he can investigate further. After a falling-out with Katrin, who is concerned with her own needs. Frankenstein muses about using his new acquisition to replace the head of his creature, nevertheless, Katrin is rewarded for betraying Nicholas by being granted use of the creature for erotic purposes, but is killed during a bout of overly vigorous copulation. Meanwhile, Otto repeats the doctors sexual exploits with the female creature, the Baron returns and, enraged, does away with Otto. When he attempts to have the male creature eliminate Nicholas, however, the remnants of his friends personality rebel, the creature, believing he is better off dead, then disembowels himself. The doctors children, Erik and Monica, then enter the laboratory, pick up a pair of scalpels and it is not clear if the scalpels are there in order to release him, or take over where their father left off. While some Italian prints reportedly give second unit director Antonio Margheriti credit as director of the film, Kier stated that he and the other cast members received direction only from Morrissey, and noted that he never saw Margheriti on the set. As a favor for producer Carlo Ponti, Margheriti agreed to take credits for free as director for the Italian release in order to help the film get funds from the government, unfortunately, it ended up as a trial for producer and alleged director who both lost. The film was cut to 93 minutes for an R-rating. It was this version which was distributed for a 3-D re-release during the 3-D craze of the 1980s, the U. S. DVD releases have utilized the full uncut version, which is now unrated. The film had its premiere in the United Kingdom on November 17,2009 and was broadcast in 3D as part of Channel 4s 3D Week. The film earned $4.7 million in rentals in North America, however, this Frankenstein drags as much as it camps, despite a few amusing moments, it fails as a spoof, and the result is only a coy binge in degradation
13.
Blade (film)
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Blade is a 1998 American vampire superhero film starring Wesley Snipes and Stephen Dorff, loosely based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Snipes plays Blade, a vampire with human traits who protects humans from vampires, the film was directed by Stephen Norrington and written by David S. Goyer. Released on August 21,1998, Blade became a success by grossing $70 million at the U. S. box office. Despite mixed reviews from critics, the film received a positive reception from audiences and has since garnered a cult following. It was followed by two sequels, Blade II and Blade, Trinity, both written by Goyer who also directed the latter, in 1967, a pregnant woman is attacked by a vampire while giving birth. Doctors are able to save her baby, but the dies of infection. Thirty-one years later, the child has become the vampire hunter Blade and he raids a rave club owned by the vampire Deacon Frost. Police take one of the vampires to the hospital, where he feeds on hematologist Karen Jenson, Blade takes Karen to a safe house where she is treated by his old friend Abraham Whistler. Whistler explains that he and Blade have been waging a war against vampires using weapons based on their elemental weaknesses, such as sunlight. As Karen is now marked by the bite of a vampire, meanwhile, at a meeting of vampire elders, Frost, the leader of a faction of younger vampires, is rebuked for trying to incite war between vampires and humans. As Frost and his kind were not born as vampires and are therefore not pure-bloods, in response, Frost has one of the elders executed and strips the others of their authority. Upon returning to her apartment, Karen is attacked by a policeman, who is a familiar, Blade subdues the familiar and uses information from him to locate an archive of vampire history. Later, at the hideout, Blade injects himself with a serum that prevents him from succumbing to his desire to drink blood. However, the serum is beginning to lose its effectiveness due to overuse, while experimenting with the anticoagulant EDTA as a possible replacement, Karen discovers that it explodes when combined with vampire blood. She manages to synthesize a vaccine that can cure the infected, Frost and his men attack the hideout, infect Whistler, and abduct Karen. When Blade returns, he helps Whistler commit suicide and arms himself with special syringes filled with EDTA, Blade is drained of his blood, but Karen allows him to drink from her, triggering his vampirism. Frost completes the ritual and obtains the powers of La Magra, Blade kills all of Frosts minions, including his mother, and confronts him. During their fight, Blade injects Frost with all of the syringes, Karen offers to help Blade cure himself, but he asks her to create a new serum instead
14.
Modern Vampires
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Modern Vampires is a 1998 black horror/comedy film that was released Oct 19,1999 straight to video, written by Matthew Bright and directed by Richard Elfman. Most of the storyline is about a vampire named Dallas, a young WW2 veteran who was banished by The Count. Dallas is given a chance to visit America for the first time in years while unknowingly being pursued by Dr. Fredrick Van Helsing who hires a group of thugs to help him do his dirty work. At the same time, we are introduced to Nico, a sultry vampire posing as a prostitute who lures unsuspecting victims to their doom, Dallas is not a very discriminating vampire. Years ago, in an effort to save the life of Hans, to celebrate Dallas return, the five of them decide to spend the night clubbing in one of The Counts many vampire bars. Unfortunately, The Count is also there, when he sees Dallas is back in town, he gives him three days to leave or else. Dr. Van Helsing, leader of Van Helsings Institute of Vienna and its an infestation he concludes, and realizes that he cant handle the extermination alone. So, he puts an ad in the newspaper looking for a strong, what he gets is Crips member Time Bomb, who doesnt believe in vampires but is willing to put a stake through anyones heart for cold hard cash. The pair succeed in killing Vincent and he eventually discovered this on his own by finding out his wife was secretly visiting Hans late night at a family mausoleum. He then killed Hans with a stake through the heart, and mentions that after killing Hans, Van Helsing makes it abundantly clear that he will destroy Dallas. Dallas is feeling protective about his protegee Nico, so he drives around Hollywood Boulevard that night until he spots her, after sharing a bit of each others blood, Dallas reveals who he is and explains that the vampire community is out to get her. Theyre afraid that Nico will get arrested and then the whole world will know that vampires exist. Dallas forces her to move from the oil tanker in which she sleeps and to come live with Richard and Panthia who clean her up. Panthia develops a mother-like complex towards Nico and starts treating her like a daughter, when they pick another victim at a late night coffee shop, Nico makes a human friend named Rachel. But, when they return to Richard and Panthias house, they find Ulrike sitting on her car hood and she has discovered Vincents decaptiated body. Knowing that this was Van Helsings handywork, Dallas theorizes that hes closing in on them, Dallas then decides to take Nico to see her mothers house since Nico doesnt remember much about her past during her human life. This turns out to be a bad idea, as Nico has him kill her verbally and sexually abusive stepfather as payback for all that sex shit he did to her when she was little, Nico exchanges heated words with her neglectful mother, who she claims never loved her. As they leave the park, they are attacked by four of The Counts henchmen
15.
Shadow of the Vampire
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Shadow of the Vampire is a 2000 metafiction comedy horror film directed by E. Elias Merhige, written by Steven Katz, and starring John Malkovich and Willem Dafoe. The film borrows the techniques of silent films, including the use of intertitles to explain elided action, in 1921, German director F. W. Murnau takes his cast and crew on-location in Czechoslovakia to shoot Nosferatu, an unauthorized version of Bram Stokers novel Dracula. Murnau keeps his team in the dark about their schedule and the playing the vampire Count Orlok. It is left to the other main actor, Gustav von Wangenheim, to explain that the lead is an obscure German theater performer named Max Schreck. To involve himself fully in his role, Schreck will only appear amongst the cast and crew in makeup, the landlady becomes distressed at Murnau removing crucifixes around the inn, and the cameraman, Wolfgang Muller, falls into a strange, hypnotic state. Gustav discovers a bottle of blood amongst the food supplies. One night, Murnau rushes his team up to an old Slovak castle for the first scene with the vampire, Schreck appears for the first time, and his appearance and behavior impress and disturb them. The films producer, Albin Grau, suspects that Schreck is not a German theater actor, soon after the completion of the scene, Wolf is found collapsed in a dark tunnel. Upon returning to the inn, the landlady appears frightened by his pale, weak appearance, whilst filming a dinner scene between Gustav and Count Orlok, Murnau startles Gustav, making him cut his finger. Schreck reacts wildly at the sight of the blood, and tries drinking from Gustavs wound, the generator powering the lights fails and when the lights return, Schreck has pinned Wolf to the floor, apparently draining his blood. Albin orders filming ended for the night, and the rushes from the castle. Schreck examines the camera equipment, fascinated by footage of a sunrise, Schreck is in fact an actual vampire, and Murnau has struck a deal in order to create the most realistic vampire film possible. Murnau has promised him Greta as a reward, but Schreck remains a difficult star, with Wolf near death, Murnau is forced to bring in another cinematographer, Fritz Arno Wagner. During Murnaus absence, Schreck approaches Albin and the screenwriter, Henrik Galeen and they invite him to join them, and question Schreck, believing he is still in character. Schreck points out Draculas loneliness, and the sadness of Dracula trying to remember how to perform the everyday activities, when they ask how he became a vampire, Schreck says it was a woman. A bat flies by and Schreck catches it, sucking its blood, the others are impressed by what they assume is talented acting. The production moves to Heligoland to film the scenes, and Murnau admits Schrecks true nature to Albin. The two realise they are trapped, leaving no choice but to complete the film and give Greta to the if they wish to survive
16.
Dracula 3000
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Despite its name, it is not a direct sequel to Dracula 2000. In the year 3000, the salvage ship Mother III happens upon the derelict transport Demeter. Captain Van Helsing and his crew board the abandoned ship and they explore the bridge and find the corpse of the Demeters captain, tied to a chair and clutching a crucifix. Despite the misgivings of crew, particularly intern Mina Murry and vice-captain Aurora, as the crew prepares to return, Mother III suddenly uncouples from the Demeter, leaving them stranded with no means of communication. Later, cargo specialist 187 and deckhand Humvee discover a cargo bay full of coffins,187 speculates that the coffins could contain smuggled goods and opens one, only to find sand. Humvee heads back to the bridge while 187 stays to open the other coffins, the crew rushes to 187s aid, only to find he is now a vampire. Under orders from his master,187 vows to kill the entire crew, Aurora, fleeing 187, runs into the master, a vampire named Count Orlock. Aurora makes her way to a room where she reports her encounter with Orlock. Upon questioning, she is unable to explain how she escaped Orlock unharmed, thinking Aurora could be lying, the Captain ties her up and Humvee guards her. Soon,187 gains entrance and attacks Humvee, who manages to stake him in the heart with a pool cue, Aurora, still tied up, confesses that she is an undercover android cop investigating salvage activities. The Captain and Humvee feel betrayed, but untie her, searching the ships database, the Captain and the Professor, who uses a wheelchair, discover that the legendary vampire hunter Abraham Van Helsing was one of the Captains ancestors. The Professor believes Orlock will seek revenge against the Captain, the Captain learns how vampires can be stopped and decides to steer the Demeter on a course towards a binary star system. The Captain and Aurora are soon confronted by Orlock, Aurora leaves to rally reinforcements, leaving the Captain to fight Orlock alone. Orlock eventually gains the hand and turns the Captain into a vampire. Aurora and Humvee return, only to be attacked by the Captain, Aurora stakes him with another cue stick, but Mina attacks, allowing Orlock to escape. The Professor, despairing of his chances of survival, finds Orlock, when Aurora and Humvee return to the bridge, they find the Professor passed out. Aurora stabs him with a cross, revealing that he was a vampire, a furious Orlock tries to enter the bridge, but Humvee and Aurora close the door on him, cutting off his arm in the process. As the Demeter draws closer towards one of the stars, Humvee
17.
BloodRayne
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BloodRayne is an action hack and slash video game and the first game in the BloodRayne series. In addition to a sequel, BloodRayne 2, BloodRayne inspired a series of films and it was developed by Terminal Reality, and was strongly influenced by their previous game Nocturne. The game begins in 1933, in a place where it appears that the people believe in vampires, as all the doors and it shows a man and woman running down a street. The woman trips, and the man pauses long enough to help her up and his head is thrown from an alley at the womans feet, with Rayne walking calmly up to the woman. The woman seemingly breaks down crying, but in fact only hides her face to reveal she is in fact a vampire, after a brief fight, Rayne decapitates her and then takes off before a small army of vampires tries to catch her off guard. She drops a grenade on their position as she leaves, on top of the buildings, two mysterious men, who were watching the events unfold the whole time, are discussing their reason for being here. One reveals they are here to recruit Rayne, who is trying to find where her father is, eventually they agree to recruit Rayne, and leave a necklace with their symbol on it. The game consists of three acts, Mortton, Louisiana, the starts in Mortton, Louisiana, as Raynes first mission with the Brimstone Society, along with Mynce. They are sent there to investigate an outbreak of a disease in the area. Argentina, after the events in Mortton, the story several years ahead. Rayne is sent to infiltrate a Nazi base in Argentina, prevent the G. G. G. from obtaining the mystic artifact known as the skull of Beliar, Germany, Rayne finds an anonymous letter informing her that a G. G. G. Officer in Germany has list of the remaining G. G. G, after obtaining the list, she pursues her targets to Castle Gaustadt, to eradicate the G. G. G. and eventually, Jurgen Wulf himself. Rayne is a looking for her father, and kills any vampire that crosses her path. She is working for the Brimstone Society, Mynce is Raynes friend and mentor. She helps her with her first assignment, during which she is seemingly killed, juergen Wulf is the leader of Gegengheist Gruppe, a group that aims to bring Hitler into power through use of occult artifacts, including obtaining and reassembling the remains of Beliar. Beliar was the devil, usurped by Mephisto who tore him apart scattering his body parts around the world. These relics retain some of his power, granting their owners supernatural abilities, BloodRayne has received mostly mixed to positive reviews
18.
Rainer Werner Fassbinder
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Rainer Werner Fassbinder was a German film director, screenwriter, film producer and actor. Fassbinder was part of the New German Cinema movement and he also worked as an actor, author, cameraman, composer, designer, editor and theater manager. Fassbinder died on 10 June 1982 at the age of 37 from a cocktail of cocaine. Fassbinder was born in Bavaria in the town of Bad Wörishofen on 31 May 1945. He was born three weeks after the Allies occupied the town and the surrender of Germany. The aftermath of World War II deeply marked his childhood and the lives of his family, in compliance with his mothers wishes, Fassbinder later claimed he was born in 1946 in order to enhance his status as a cinematic prodigy. His real age was revealed shortly before his death and he was the only child of Liselotte Pempeit, a translator and Helmut Fassbinder, a doctor who worked out of the couples apartment in Sendlinger Strasse, near Munichs red light district. Fassbinders had an unconventional childhood about which he would later express grievances in interviews, when he was three months old, he was left with a paternal uncle and aunt in the country, since his parents feared he would not survive the winter with them. He was a year old when he was returned to his parents in Munich, Fassbinders mother came from the Free City of Danzig, from which many ethnic Germans had fled following World War II. As a result, a number of her relatives came to live them in Munich. Fassbinders parents were cultured members of the bourgeoisie and his father mainly concentrated on his career, which he saw as a means to indulge his passion for writing poetry. His mother largely ignored him as well, spending the majority of her helping her husband with his medical practice. In 1951, Liselotte Pempeit and Helmut Fassbinder divorced, when she was working, she often sent her son to the cinema in order to concentrate. Later in life, Fassbinder claimed that he saw a film every day. During this period, Pempeit was often away from her son for long periods while she recuperated from tuberculosis, in his mothers absence, Fassbinder was looked after by his mothers tenants and friends. As he was left alone, he became independent and uncontrollable. He clashed with his mothers younger lover Siggi, who lived with them when Fassbinder was around eight or nine years old and he had a similar difficult relationship with the much older journalist Wolff Eder, who became his stepfather in 1959. Early in his adolescence, Fassbinder identified as homosexual, as a teen, Fassbinder was sent to boarding school
19.
Walerian Borowczyk
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Walerian Borowczyk was an internationally known Polish film director described by film critics as a genius who also happened to be a pornographer. He directed 40 films between 1946 and 1988, Borowczyk settled in Paris in 1959. His career as a director was mainly in France. His early films were surreal animations, some only a few long, including several comic abecedaria. His most acclaimed films were Był sobie raz and Dom. In 1959, Borowczyk emigrated to France and settled in Paris and he worked with Chris Marker for Les Astronautes. In 1967, he directed his first animated film, Théâtre de Monsieur & Madame Kabal. Borowczyk moved into feature film with Goto, lîle damour and Blanche. One of his most appreciated films of this period, Dzieje grzechu, like his 1966 short film Rosalie, Dzieje grzechu had successfully rendered the themes of seduction and infanticide. Especially, La Bête was seen by many as a decline in the career after Dzieje grzechu, except in France. His 1980 film Lulu was based on the character created by Frank Wedekind. In his 1988 book Nightmare Movies, Kim Newman described the film as dark, misanthropic and he made a brief return to animation with his 1984 short film Scherzo infernal. In 1987, he directed Emmanuelle 5, an installment of the Emmanuelle series and he was unhappy with the project due to a dispute concerning the casting of lead actress Monique Gabrielle. In 1988 and 1990, he directed four episodes for the series Série rose, a less usual product of this cooperation was Une collection particulière of 1973, a representation of Borowczyks collection of pornographic items, with Mandiargues having written the narration. Borowczyk was the author of two books, Anatomia diabła and Moje polskie lata and he died of heart failure in Paris in 2006, aged 82. Film Nominated, BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film — Dom Won, ISBN 978-1-78238-701-5 Immoral Tales, European Sex & Horror Movies 1956-1984 by Cathal Tohill and Pete Tombs. ISBN 0-312-13519-X Nightmare Movies by Kim Newman, angel Games, The Early Films of Walerian Borowczyk in Andy Black, Necronomicon, The Journal of Horror and Erotic Cinema, Book Two, London, Creation Books,1998, pp. 79–87. pl
20.
Gus Van Sant
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Gus Green Van Sant, Jr. is an American film director, screenwriter, painter, photographer, musician and author who has earned acclaim as both an independent and more mainstream filmmaker. His films typically deal with themes of marginalized subcultures, in particular homosexuality, as such, Van Sants early career was devoted to directing television commercials in the Pacific Northwest. He made his cinematic directorial debut with Mala Noche. In addition to directing, Van Sant wrote the screenplays for several of his earlier works, a book of his photography, called 108 Portraits, has also been published, and he has released two musical albums. He is openly gay and currently lives in Portland, Oregon, as a result of his fathers job, the family moved continually during Van Sants childhood. His paternal family is of partial Dutch origin, the name Van Sant is derived from the Dutch name Van Zandt, the earliest Van Zandt arrived in the New Netherland area in the early 17th century, around what is now New York City. Van Sant is an alumnus of Darien High School in Darien, Connecticut, one constant in the directors early years was his interest in visual arts, while still in school he began making semi-autobiographical shorts costing between 30 and 50 dollars. Van Sants artistic leanings took him to the Rhode Island School of Design in 1970, after spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as an assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas. In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a young actress who goes to Hollywood. During this period, Van Sant began to spend time observing the denizens of the more down-and-out sections of Hollywood Boulevard. He became fascinated by the existence of this section of L. A. s population, especially in context with the more ordinary. Van Sant would repeatedly focus his work on those existing on societys fringes and it was made two years after Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there, enabling him to finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay store clerk and a Mexican immigrant. Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, Van Sant moved back to Portland, Oregon, where he set up house and began giving life to the ideas rejected by Universal. He directed Drugstore Cowboy about four drug addicts robbing pharmacies to support their habit, the film met with great critical success and revived the career of Matt Dillon. Only with the success of Cowboy was Van Sant now given license to make Idaho, now New Line Cinema had given Van Sant the green light, he was on a mission to get the Idaho script to his first choices for his two young leads. After months of struggle with agents and managers over the content of the script, Van Sant finally secured River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves in the roles of Mike Waters and Scott Favor
21.
Christoph Schlingensief
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Christoph Maria Schlingensief was a German theatre director, performance artist and filmmaker. Starting as an independent underground filmmaker, Schlingensief later staged productions for theatres and festivals, in the final years before his death, he staged Parsifal at the Bayreuth Festival and worked at several opera houses, establishing himself as a Regietheater artist. The Alien Within, alluding to his cancer illness, Schlingensief was born on 24 October 1960 in Oberhausen. His father was a pharmacist and his mother a pediatric nurse, as a child, he worked as an altar server and already made short films with a hand-held camera. Having passed his Abitur exams, he failed to gain admission to the University of Television. After working as a teacher at Hochschule für Gestaltung Offenbach and Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, already as a young man Schlingensief had organized art events in the cellar of his parents house, and local artists such as Helge Schneider or Theo Jörgensmann performed in his early short films. He considered himself a provocatively thoughtful artist and he created numerous controversial and provocative theatre pieces as well as films, his former mentor being filmmaker and media artist Werner Nekes. Already Schlingensiefs debut feature film, the surreal, absurd experimental Tunguska - Die Kisten sind da. was well received by critics, drawing parallels to the work of British filmmaker Derek Jarman, Egomania – Island without Hope starred Kier and Tilda Swinton. Since then he shaped the cultural and political discourse in Germany for more than two decades and established himself as one of the countrys most important and versatile artists. One of Schlingensiefs central tactics was to call politicians bluff in an attempt to reveal the inanities of their responsible discourse, in 2009, he joined the jury of the Berlin International Film Festival under Tilda Swinton. Schlingensief soon became a figure of considerable celebrity and notoriety in Germany, broadcast in 1997, Talk 2000 was a talk show with celebrity guests in which Schlingensief sometimes interrupted interviews to discuss his own personal problems. In U3000, he and his crew were filmed acting crazily on platforms and in cars of the Berlin subway system, in Freakstars 3000, a six-part American Idol-style parody, two dozen people from an assisted-living home for the mentally disabled competed for spots in a new band. In 1997, Schlingesief staged an art action at the documenta X exhibition in Kassel and he later joined the Hauser & Wirth gallery. In the 1990s, Schlingensief directed a series of chaotic, satirical productions at the Volksbühne theatre in Berlin, events around the piece questioned and attacked Switzerlands neutrality in the face of growing racism and extreme right wing movements. The project was interrupted with help of the right-wing Freedom Party of Austria, in an age of extreme media fatigue, his was a fresh voice albeit and undisputedly containing echoes of the past, often humorous and subversive yet never cynical. His influences included Joseph Beuys and his idea of social sculpture, at the time of his death, he was involved in productions for the Ruhrtriennale and for the Berlin Staatsopers Metanoia. In 2004, at the invitation of Wolfgang and Katharina Wagner and to rave reviews, Film clips and costumes focused the action on the conflict between Christianity and Islam. The production, in the first years conducted by Pierre Boulez, was revived in 2005 and 2006, Schlingensiefs commitment to developing nations later took him to Burkina Faso, where he was awarded a concession to build an opera house, arguably his most ambitious project
22.
Dario Argento
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Dario Argento is an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the film genre, particularly in the subgenre known as giallo. Argento was born in Rome, the son of producer and executive Salvatore Argento. He began his career in film as a critic, writing for various magazines while still attending high school, Argento did not attend college, electing rather to take a job as a columnist at the newspaper Paese Sera. While working at the newspaper, Argento also began working as a screenwriter and his most notable work was for Sergio Leone, he and Bernardo Bertolucci collaborated on the story for the spaghetti western classic Once Upon a Time in the West. Soon after that films 1969 release, Argento began working on his debut, the giallo film The Bird with the Crystal Plumage. Argento continued to concentrate largely on the genre, directing two more successful thrillers, The Cat o Nine Tails and Four Flies on Grey Velvet. Along with The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, these three films are referred to as Argentos Animal Trilogy. The director then turned his attention away from movies, filming two Italian TV dramas and a period comedy in 1973. Argento returned to thrillers with 1975s Deep Red, frequently cited by critics as the best giallo ever made. The film made Argento famous internationally and inspired a number of directors to work in the genre. Argentos next movie was Suspiria, a violent supernatural thriller, lacking the constraints of the more conventional giallo subgenre, Suspiria is a semi-surreal work of art, where plot and character are secondary to sound and vision. Argento planned for Suspiria to be the first of a trilogy about The Three Mothers, the second movie of the trilogy was 1980s Inferno. The Mother of Tears belatedly concluded the trilogy, Argento oversaw the European release of the film which was much shorter and featured much more of the score written and performed by Goblin. After Inferno, Argento returned to the more conventional style with Tenebrae. He then attempted to combine giallo and supernatural fantasy in 1985s Phenomena, also known as Creepers, Phenomena also showed Argentos predilection for using new technology, as evidenced by the films several prowling Steadicam shots. Both films received a reception upon their release. Argento subsequently took a break from directing to write two screenplays for Mario Bavas son, Lamberto Bava, Dèmoni and Dèmoni 2, in 1987-88, Argento produced a TV series called Turno di Notte, which had 15 episodes
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Suspiria
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It is the first Argento horror film to have THX-certified audio and video. The score was composed by rock band Goblin and is the first of the trilogy Argento refers to as The Three Mothers, followed by Inferno. Suspiria has become one of Argentos most successful films, receiving critical acclaim for its visual and stylistic flair, use of vibrant colors. It was nominated for two Saturn Awards, Best Supporting Actress for Bennett in 1978 and Best DVD Classic Film Release in 2002 and it has since become a cult classic. Suzy Bannion, an American ballet student, attempts to enroll in the prestigious Tanz Dance Academy in Freiburg, arriving late at night and during a thunderstorm, Suzy is unable to gain entry to the academy. She witnesses a student, Pat Hingle, flee from the school. As Suzy makes her way to a hotel, Pat finds refuge at an apartment in the nearby town. Explaining that she has uncovered something terrible inside the Academy, Pat tells her friend she is leaving in the morning, after Pat locks herself in the bathroom, she sees a shadowy figure and a pair of eyes outside the window. An arm smashes through, smothering her against the glass, hearing Pats screams, her friend runs from the apartment to find help. In the bathroom, the black-cloaked attacker stabs Pat repeatedly and then slips a noose around her neck, in the room below, Pats friend is running away just as Pats body crashes through a skylight and the rope snaps taut, killing her. On the ground below Pats suspended body lie the remains of her friend. The following morning Suzy arrives at the academy and is introduced to Madame Blanc, the vice-directress and she is escorted to the students locker room, where she meets two fellow students, Sara and Olga, the latter with whom she has arranged to stay with off-campus. After a strange encounter with the custodian, Suzy faints during a lesson. Later that night, she awakens to discover that she has moved into a dormitory room against her wishes. The doctors tell her that she is to be medicated with a glass of wine daily, Suzy befriends Sara after the two are roomed together. As the students prepare for dinner, hundreds of maggots fall from the ceiling, the students are told this was due to spoiled food being stored in the attic and are invited to sleep in the practice hall overnight while the spoiled food and maggots are disposed of. During the night, Sara identifies a distinctive whistling snore as that of the schools director, the next morning, Tanner orders the schools blind piano player, Daniel, to leave the academy after his guide dog bites the custodians son. Later that night, Sara hears the teachers footsteps and counts them whilst Suzy falls asleep, while crossing a plaza Daniel senses a strange presence
24.
Lars von Trier
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Lars von Trier is a Danish film director and screenwriter. He has a prolific and controversial career spanning almost four decades and his work is known for its genre and technical innovation, confrontational examination of existential, social, and political issues, and treatment of subjects like mercy, sacrifice and mental health. His political and humanitarian work was honored in 2004 with the Cinema for Peace awareness award. Among more than 100 awards and over 200 nominations in festivals worldwide, he has received the Palme dOr, the Grand Prix, the Prix du Jury, in March 2017, Trier began filming The House that Jack Built, an English-language serial killer thriller. Trier was born in Kongens Lyngby, north of Copenhagen, the son of Inger Høst and he received his surname from Høsts husband Ulf Trier, whom he considered his biological father until 1989. The director would later become famous for his honesty to journalists about his family and upbringing, as well as the impact it had on his identity, beliefs. Trier studied film theory at the University of Copenhagen and film direction at the National Film School of Denmark. In 1984, The Element of Crime, Triers breakthrough film, received awards in seven international festivals including the Technical Grand Prize at Cannes. His next film, Epidemic, was shown at Cannes in the Un Certain Regard section. Trier has occasionally referred to his films as falling into thematic and stylistic trilogies and this pattern began with The Element of Crime, the first of the Europa trilogy, which illuminated the traumas of Europe both in the past and the future. It includes The Element of Crime, Epidemic and Europa, Von Trier directed Medea for television, which won him the Jean dArcy prize in France. It is based on a screenplay by Carl Th. Dreyer, Trier completed the Europa trilogy in 1991 with Europa, which won the Prix du Jury at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival and picked up awards at other major festivals. In 1990 he also directed the video for Bakerman by Laid Back. This video was reused in 2006 by the English DJ and artist Shaun Baker in a remake of Bakerman, seeking both financial independence and total creative control over their projects, von Trier and producer Peter Aalbæk Jensen founded the film production company Zentropa Entertainment in 1992. Named after a railway company in Europa, their most recent film at the time, Zentropa has produced many movies other than Triers own. It has also produced hardcore sex films, Constance, Pink Prison, HotMen CoolBoyz, in 1995, von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg presented their manifesto for a new cinematic movement, which they called Dogme 95. The Dogme 95 concept, which led to international interest in Danish film, in 2008, together with their fellow Dogme directors Kristian Levring and Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg received the European Film Award European Achievement in World Cinema. In 1996, von Trier conducted an unusual experiment in Copenhagen involving 53 actors
25.
Epidemic (film)
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Epidemic is a Danish horror film of 1987 directed by Lars von Trier, the second installment of Triers Europa trilogy. The other two films in the trilogy are The Element of Crime and Europa, co-written by Trier and Niels Vørsel, the film focuses on the screenwriting process. Vørsel and Trier play themselves, coming up with a script for a producer. The story is inter-cut with scenes from the film they write, the film marks the first in a series of collaborations between Trier and Udo Kier. The film is divided into five days, on the first day the protagonists, screenwriters Lars and Niels lose the only copy of a film script. They begin to write a new script about an epidemic, the outbreak of a plague-like disease, the protagonist is a doctor, Mesmer, who, against the will of the Faculty of Medicine of an unknown city, goes to the countryside to help people. During the next days, the facts of the join the real-life events in which a similar disease starts to spread. Lars and Niels go to Germany, where they meet a man who describes the Allied bombing of Cologne during the Second World War. The last day, Lars and Niels have a dinner with their producer, to whom they reveal the end of the film, the producer doesnt like the short twelve-page script, which has no violence, few deaths, and no subplots. After that a hypnotist and a woman arrive in the house, to writing the script. She commits suicide, then another woman who shares the house with Lars and Niels dies too, the film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival. It was nominated for Best Film at the Fantasporto International Fantasy Film Festival in 1988, on Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 33%, based on 6 reviews, with an average rating of 5. 4/10. On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 66 out of 100, based on 4 reviews, robert K. Elder from Chicago Tribune gave the film 3 out of 4, and wrote Will never be confused with von Triers great films. But it is an introduction to his later cinematic obsessions. The Village Voice called the film better and most revealing movies. Rat king Epidemic at the Internet Movie Database Epidemic at the TCM Movie Database Epidemic at Rotten Tomatoes Epidemic at Metacritic
26.
The Idiots
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The Idiots is a 1998 Danish comedy-drama film written and directed by Lars von Trier. It is his first film made in compliance with the Dogme 95 Manifesto and it is the second film in von Triers Golden Heart Trilogy, preceded by Breaking the Waves and succeeded by Dancer in the Dark. It is among the first films to be shot entirely with digital cameras, a seemingly anti-bourgeois group of adults spend their time seeking their inner idiot to release their inhibitions. They do so by behaving in public as if they were developmentally disabled, at a restaurant, patrons are disturbed by the groups mischief, but single diner Karen develops an appreciation of their antics. The members of the group refer to this behaviour as spassing, a derived from spasser. Karen takes a ride in a cab with the people from the restaurant. The apparent leader of the group, Stoffer, is supposed to be selling the house, the spassing is a self-defeating attempt by the group to challenge the establishment through provocation. Stoffer, at his party, wishes for a gangbang. Then when Stoffer calls for the members to let idiocy invade their personal daily lives. She takes Susanne back to her house, where they are greeted by surprise by Karens mother, Karen had been missing for two weeks, following the death of her young baby, she offers no explanation of where she has been. Karen attempts to spaz in front of her family by dribbling the food she is eating, Karen and Susanne leave the house. The Idiots is a co-production of companies from Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and it is written from the directors point of view. Accordingly, von Trier made the confession, In relation to the production of Dogme 2 The Idiots, I confess. To have organised payment of cash to the actors for shopping of accessories, to have intervened with the location. To have been aware of the fact that the production had entered into an agreement of leasing a car, all in all, and apart from the above, I feel to have lived up to the intentions and rules of the manifesto, Dogme95. The Idiots provoked a storm of publicity and debates, one of which was about the representation of disability. Film critic Mark Kermodes reaction was to shout Il est merde, Il est merde. from the back of the auditorium during the official screening of the film at Cannes, a spontaneous review for which he was ejected from the venue. Channel 4 aired the film unedited in 2005 as part of the channels Banned season exploring censorship, viewer complaints prompted an Ofcom investigation, which came out in favour of Channel 4
27.
The Boss of It All
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The Boss of It All is a 2006 Danish comedy film written and directed by Lars von Trier. The owner of an IT company wishes to sell it, but, for years, he has pretended that the real boss lives in America and communicates with the staff only by e-mail. That way, all the unpopular decisions can be attributed to the absentee manager, but now, the prospective buyer insists on meeting the big boss in person. The Boss of It All opened in Denmark on 8 December 2006, the film opened in the United States on 23 May 2007 and earned $51,548. The film received positive reviews. It holds a 74% rating on aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 65 reviews. On Metacritic, the film has a 71/100 rating based on 17 critics, the film was nominated for two Bodil Awards, three Robert Festival Honours and the Golden Shell at the San Sebastián International Film Festival. On February 23,2011, it was announced that Arrested Development creator Mitch Hurwitz was remaking The Boss of It All for Universal Pictures with Brian Grazer producing
28.
Antichrist (film)
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Antichrist is a 2009 Danish experimental horror film written and directed by Lars von Trier, starring Willem Dafoe and Charlotte Gainsbourg. The narrative is divided into a prologue, four chapters, the film was primarily a Danish production but co-produced by companies from six different European countries. It was filmed in Germany and Sweden, other awards won by the film include the Robert Award for best Danish film, The Nordic Council Film Prize for best Nordic film and the European Film Award for best cinematography. The film is dedicated to the Soviet filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky, Antichrist is the first film in Triers unofficially titled Depression Trilogy. It was followed in 2011 by Melancholia and then by Nymphomaniac in 2013, a couple makes passionate love, as their toddler, Nic, climbs up to the bedroom window and falls to his death. The mother collapses at the funeral, and spends the month in the hospital crippled with atypical grief. The father, a therapist, is skeptical of the care she is receiving. But it is not successful, and so when she reveals that her second greatest fear is nature and they hike to their isolated cabin in a woods called Eden, where she spent time with Nic the previous summer while writing a thesis on gynocide. He encounters a doe which shows no fear of him, and has a stillborn fawn hanging halfway out of her, during sessions of psychotherapy, she becomes increasingly grief stricken and manic, often demanding forceful sex to escape the pain. In the dark attic the man finds the woman’s thesis studies, terrifying pictures of witch-hunts, and she reveals that while writing her thesis, she came to believe that all women are inherently evil. The man is repulsed by this and reproaches her for buying into the beliefs she had originally set out to criticize. In a frenzied moment, they have violent intercourse at the base of a dead tree. He suspects that Satan is her greatest, and hidden fear, through the autopsy and old photos, he becomes aware that she had been systematically putting Nic’s shoes on the wrong feet, resulting in pain and deformity. She attacks him, accuses him of planning to leave her, mounts him, the woman then performs a sex act on the unconscious man, culminating in an ejaculation of blood. She drills a hole through his leg, bolting a heavy grindstone through the wound and he awakens alone, unable to loosen the bolt, he hides by dragging himself into the deep, dark foxhole at the base of the dead tree. Following the sound of a crow he has found buried alive in the hole, she locates him and attacks, Night falls, now remorseful, she unburies him but cannot remember where the wrench is. She helps him back to the cabin, where she tells him she does not yet want to kill him, in a flashback she watches Nic climbing up to the window, but does not act thus displaying her essential evil much like her misogynist hypothesis. In the cabin she cuts off her clitoris with scissors and they are visited by the crow, the deer, and the fox
29.
Barb Wire (film)
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Barb Wire is a 1996 American action-science fiction film based on the Dark Horse comic book series of the same name. Brad Wyman produced, and David Hogan directed, Barb Wire stars Pamela Anderson in the title role. The plot of the film is based on the plot of Casablanca. Barb Wire is set in 2017 during the Second American Civil War, many of the roles had their gender switched. Barb Wire owns the Hammerhead, a nightclub in Steel Harbor — the last free city in a United States ravaged by the civil war — and she brings in extra cash working as a mercenary, Chief of Police Willis raids her club. Dr. Devonshire hopes to escape to Canada in order to make information public. Devonshire later turns up at the Hammerhead and she is accompanied by Axel Hood, a freedom fighter whom Barb had known and loved at the outbreak of the war, but the two were separated during the conflict. Axel is trying to help Cora get to Canada and they are trying to find a contraband pair of contact lenses that will allow Cora to evade the retinal scan at the Steel Harbor airport. The lenses pass through the hands of several lowlifes before also ending up at Barbs nightclub. But Fatso double-crosses Barb, when Barb, Axel, and Cora show up at the junkyard to make the swap, Colonel Pryzer and his storm troopers are also there, along with Chief of Police Willis. Willis makes a show of arresting Barb and Cora, but instead of putting handcuffs on Barb, Pryzer falls to his death while Barb escapes. In the end, the party makes it to the airport and she gives them to Cora, and Cora and Axel get on the plane to Canada while Willis and Barb remain on the rainswept tarmac. Pamela Anderson as Barbara Barb Wire Kopetski Temuera Morrison as Axel Hood Victoria Rowell as Dr and she did some of her own stunts, although the corset and the heels she wore made fight scenes very challenging. Barb Wire was poorly received by critics and was a box office bomb, roger Ebert pointed out that the films plot was identical to that of Casablanca. The film was a box office failure, only grossing $3,794,000 in the United States, an official soundtrack was released in 1996. Barb Wire at the Internet Movie Database Barb Wire at AllMovie Barb Wire at Rotten Tomatoes Barb Wire at Box Office Mojo Sci-Fi Universe article from May 1996 at PamWatch. com
30.
NASA
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President Dwight D. Eisenhower established NASA in 1958 with a distinctly civilian orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29,1958, disestablishing NASAs predecessor, the new agency became operational on October 1,1958. Since that time, most US space exploration efforts have led by NASA, including the Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, the agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches. NASA shares data with various national and international such as from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite. Since 2011, NASA has been criticized for low cost efficiency, from 1946, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics had been experimenting with rocket planes such as the supersonic Bell X-1. In the early 1950s, there was challenge to launch a satellite for the International Geophysical Year. An effort for this was the American Project Vanguard, after the Soviet launch of the worlds first artificial satellite on October 4,1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. This led to an agreement that a new federal agency based on NACA was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency was created in February 1958 to develop technology for military application. On July 29,1958, Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act, a NASA seal was approved by President Eisenhower in 1959. Elements of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and the United States Naval Research Laboratory were incorporated into NASA, earlier research efforts within the US Air Force and many of ARPAs early space programs were also transferred to NASA. In December 1958, NASA gained control of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA has conducted many manned and unmanned spaceflight programs throughout its history. Some missions include both manned and unmanned aspects, such as the Galileo probe, which was deployed by astronauts in Earth orbit before being sent unmanned to Jupiter, the experimental rocket-powered aircraft programs started by NACA were extended by NASA as support for manned spaceflight. This was followed by a space capsule program, and in turn by a two-man capsule program. This goal was met in 1969 by the Apollo program, however, reduction of the perceived threat and changing political priorities almost immediately caused the termination of most of these plans. NASA turned its attention to an Apollo-derived temporary space laboratory, to date, NASA has launched a total of 166 manned space missions on rockets, and thirteen X-15 rocket flights above the USAF definition of spaceflight altitude,260,000 feet. The X-15 was an NACA experimental rocket-powered hypersonic research aircraft, developed in conjunction with the US Air Force, the design featured a slender fuselage with fairings along the side containing fuel and early computerized control systems
31.
Armageddon (1998 film)
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Armageddon is a 1998 American science fiction disaster film directed by Michael Bay, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, and released by Touchstone Pictures. The film follows a group of blue-collar deep-core drillers sent by NASA to stop an asteroid on a collision course with Earth. Armageddon opened in only two and a half months after the similar asteroid impact-based film Deep Impact, which starred Robert Duvall. Armageddon fared better at the box office, while astronomers described Deep Impact as being more scientifically accurate, Armageddon was an international box-office success despite generally negative reviews from critics, becoming the highest-grossing film of 1998 worldwide. A massive meteor shower destroys the orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis and bombards a swath of land around the North Atlantic, NASA discovers through the Hubble that the meteors were debris propelled from the asteroid belt by a rogue asteroid roughly the size of Texas. The asteroid will collide with Earth in 18 days, causing an extinction event. NASA scientists, led by Dan Truman, plan to trigger a thermonuclear detonation at least 800 feet inside the asteroid to split it in two, driving the pieces apart so both will fly past the Earth. NASA contacts Harry Stamper, considered the best deep-sea oil driller in the world, Harry insists he will need his full team to help execute NASAs plan, and they agree to help but only after their list of unusual rewards are met. NASA puts Harry and his crew through a short and rigorous training program, while Harrys team re-outfit the mobile drillers, Armadillos. During training, Truman and Harry are skeptical about the abilities of A. J, frost, a hot-headed drill operator who has been dating Harrys daughter Grace against Harrys wishes. The destruction of Shanghai by a meteorite forces the government to reveal the asteroids existence, the shuttles are launched and arrive at the space station, where its sole cosmonaut Lev Andropov helps with refueling. A major fire breaks out during the process, forcing the crews, including Lev. The shuttles perform the slingshot around the Moon, but approaching the asteroid, the Independences engines are destroyed by trailing debris, Grace, aware A. J. was aboard the Independence, is traumatized by this news, believing he was killed. Lev, and Bear survive the impact and head towards the Freedom target site in their Armadillo, Freedom safely lands on the asteroid, but overshoots the target zone, landing on a much harder metallic field than planned, and their drilling quickly falls behind schedule. Truman delays the military, while Harry convinces the shuttle commander Colonel Willie Sharp to disarm the remote trigger, Harrys crew continues to work, but in their haste, they accidentally hit a gas pocket, blowing their Armadillo into space and losing another man. As the world learns of the apparent failure, another meteorite decimates most of Paris. All seems lost until Independences Armadillo arrives, with A. J. at the controls, they reach the required depth for the bomb. However, flying debris from the damages the triggering device
32.
Johnny Mnemonic (film)
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Johnny Mnemonic is a 1995 Canadian-American cyberpunk action thriller film directed by Robert Longo in his directorial debut. The film stars Keanu Reeves and Dolph Lundgren, the film is based on the story of the same name by William Gibson. Keanu Reeves plays the character, a man with a cybernetic brain implant designed to store information. The film portrays Gibsons dystopian view of the future with the world dominated by megacorporations and this was Dolph Lundgrens last theatrically released film until 2010s The Expendables. The film was shot on location in Canada, with Toronto and Montreal filling in for the films Newark, a number of local sites, including Torontos Union Station and Montreals skyline and Jacques Cartier Bridge, feature prominently. The film premiered in Japan on April 15,1995, in a version that is closer to the directors cut, featuring a score by Mychael Danna. The film was released in the United States on May 26,1995, on the way to the job, in the elevator he uses a Pemex Memory Doubler to upgrade his memory capacity from 80 gigabytes to 160 gigabytes. Johnny accepts anyway, in need of the money, after uploading their data, the group is massacred by Yakuza, but Johnny manages to escape with a portion of the encryption password. After contacting Ralfi, Johnny returns to Newark and soon finds that two groups are after the data he carries, one is the international pharmacological company, Pharmakom, led by its United States executive, Takahashi, who believes the data to be critical to the companys interests. The other is the Yakuza guided by Shinji, who wishes to deny information to Takahashi. Johnny soon learns that Ralfi is in the Yakuzas employ, Jane, a cybernetically-enhanced bodyguard, helps Johnny to escape, and aided by the Lo-Teks, an anti-establishment group led by J-Bone, they elude their pursuers. Jane takes Johnny to meet her friend and street doctor Spider who had installed Janes implants, the clinic is soon invaded by the assassin Karl, the Street Preacher hired by Takahashi to retrieve Johnnys head before Shinji can, Spider is killed while Johnny and Jane escape. At Heaven, they find that Jones is a dolphin, once used by the Navy for his decryption capabilities, Jones attempts to discover the remainder of the password to the data, but Heaven is soon attacked by the Yakuza, Takahashis forces, and the Street Preacher. Johnny, Jane, and the Lo-Teks fight off all three groups and emerge victorious, killing Takahashi, Shinji, the Street Preacher, and their agents, Takahashi, in a dying gesture, provides Johnny with a portion of the remaining password. While this helps, Johnny is told by J-Bone that he must hack his own brain to find the final portion, the data for the NAS cure is safely recovered and Johnny discovers he can now recall his memories of his youth, including his mother and family. As Johnny recovers from the process, he, Jane, and the Lo-Teks observe the Pharmakom building on fire, Longo commented that the project started out as an arty 1½-million-dollar movie, and it became a 30-million-dollar movie because we couldnt get a million and a half. Prior to its release, the film had been hailed by critic Amy Harmon as a moment when cyberpunk counterculture would enter the mainstream. The story in the movie significantly deviates from the story, most notably turning Johnny, not his bodyguard partner
33.
Deeper and Deeper
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Deeper and Deeper is a song by American singer Madonna from her fifth studio album Erotica. It was written by Madonna, Shep Pettibone and Anthony Shimkin and it was released by Maverick Records as the albums second single on November 17,1992. A shortened version of the song was included on Madonnas second greatest hits compilation, Deeper and Deeper is a dance-oriented song, and features instrumentation from acoustic guitars and castanet beats on its bridge. Lyrically, the talks about sexual desire, though it has been argued that its actually about a young man coming to terms with his homosexuality. Deeper and Deeper was met with positive reviews, Music critics hailed it as one of Madonnas strongest disco inspired tracks and complimented its refreshing dance oriented nature. The accompanying music video for Deeper and Deeper was directed by Bobby Woods, the first two projects from the venture were her fifth studio album, Erotica, and a coffee table book of photographs featuring Madonna, entitled Sex. For the album, Madonna primarily collaborated with producer Shep Pettibone, Pettibone first began working with Madonna during the 1980s, providing remixes for several of her singles. Alongside Pettibone, Madonna enlisted help from producer André Betts, who previously co-produced Justify My Love for The Immaculate Collection and she listened to the songs and liked all of them. After filming was complete, Madonna met Pettibone in New York City to start working together in November 1991 and their schedule was sporadic in the beginning. Madonna and Pettibone were in the studio for a week and then she would work with Steven Meisel on Sex, occasionally, Madonna also would meet André Betts. The first batch of songs Madonna and Pettibone worked together on were Erotica, Deeper and Deeper, Rain and Thief of Hearts, at first, Madonna did not like the songs she had recorded. She wanted Erotica to have a raw edge to it, as if it were recorded in an alley in Harlem, the first recorded version of Deeper and Deeper was not working for Madonna. Pettibone said they tried different bridges and changes, but in the end, Pettibone recalled, Deeper and Deeper was one of those songs she always had a problem with. The middle of the song wasnt working and we tried different bridges and changes, but nothing worked. In the end, Madonna wanted the middle of the song to have a guitar strumming big-time. I didnt like the idea of taking a Philly house song and putting La Isla Bonita in the middle of it, but thats what she wanted, so thats what she got. Deeper and Deeper was written by Madonna, Shep Pettibone and Anthony Shimkin and was produced by Madonna, the song was recorded at Sound Works Studios in Astoria, New York. Personnel working on the song included Pettibone on the sequencing, keyboard arrangement, Paul Pesco on guitars, Dennis Mitchell and Robin Hancock were the recording engineers for the track while George Karras was the mixing engineer
34.
Korn
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Korn is an American nu metal band from Bakersfield, California, formed in 1993. Korn was originally formed by three of the members of the band L. A. P. D, Korn released their first demo album, Neidermayers Mind, in 1993. The band later went on to release their debut album in 1994. The band experienced success with Follow the Leader and Issues. The bands mainstream success continued with Untouchables, Take a Look in the Mirror, a compilation album, Greatest Hits Vol.1, was released in 2004, spanning a decade of singles and concluding the bands recording contract with Immortal Records and Epic Records. They signed to Virgin Records, releasing See You on the Other Side in 2005, and an untitled album in 2007. Korns other recent albums, Korn III, Remember Who You Are and The Path of Totality, were released via Roadrunner Records, The Paradigm Shift being released via Prospect Park and their latest album, The Serenity of Suffering, was released on October 21,2016. As of 2012, Korn had sold around 35 million copies worldwide, twelve of the bands official releases have peaked in the top ten of the Billboard 200, eight of which have peaked in the top five. Korn has released seven albums and thirty-nine music videos. The band has released singles, twenty-eight of which have charted. Korn has earned two Grammy Awards out of seven nominations and two MTV Video Music Awards out of eleven nominations, before Korn was formed, three of the original members of the band were associated with the band L. A. P. D. – James Shaffer, Reginald Arvizu, and David Silveria, originally consisting of Richard Morrill, James Shaffer, and Reginald Arvizu, David Silveria joined when he was 16. When the band moved from Bakersfield, California to Los Angeles, Silveria dropped out of high school, when Shaffer reunited with the band, they found a manager and released an EP entitled Love and Peace Dude in 1989 through Triple X Records. Released their first full-length studio album on May 3,1991 which consisted of eleven tracks, the album was entitled Whos Laughing Now. The logo was designed by vocalist Jonathan Davis, Silveria explained, the music makes the name, because Korns a dumb name. But once we get established, it makes the name cool, Korn rented a studio from Jeff Creath, called Underground Chicken Sound, in Huntington Beach, California. While they were recording at Underground Chicken Sound, a crowd had been loitering outside the studio, the band began playing a prelude to a later song, Clown, resulting in a larger crowd gathering. Arvizu said the crowd gathered because it sounded so different, Korn started performing at gigs in the summer of 1993, with members saying that touring was a pain-in-the-ass
35.
Eve (rapper)
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Eve Jihan Jeffers-Cooper is an American rapper and actress from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is also the winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002, for the song Let Me Blow Ya Mind. Eve was number 48 on VH1s 50 Greatest Women of the Video Era list and she has also achieved success in fashion, with her clothing line, Fetish. Eve was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Julie Wilch, a publishing company supervisor, and Jerry Jeffers, a chemical plant supervisor. She adopted the name Gangsta in high school as part of a group called EDGP During her early years in Philadelphia. Eves first musical interest was singing and she sang in many choirs and even formed an all-female singing group with a manager. This group covered songs from En Vogue and Color Me Badd, the groups manager suggested that the group should rap after seeing ABC, and Eve stuck with it. She then went on to form a rapping group, after the group split, Eve began working on a solo career under the name Eve of Destruction. Eve has lived in Los Angeles, New York City, in 1999, she was featured on Princes album Rave Un2 The Joy Fantastic, and she was to co-star on the eventually cancelled Hot Wit U single from that same album. Eve is featured on the song You Got Me by The Roots, the song won a Grammy Award in 2000, which should have been Eves first. She stated on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon in 2009 that she did not receive a Grammy for the track, questlove, from The Roots, had brought his Grammy to the show that night and showed shes not even credited on the award plaque. She also provided vocals on the song Aint Sayin Nothin New from the same album. In the albums notes, she is referred to as Eve of Destruction. Eve first appeared on the Bulworth soundtrack as Eve of Destruction while signed to Dr. Dres Aftermath Entertainment, Billboard Hot 100 peaking at 29. Her 1999 debut, Let There Be Eve, two singles were released from the album, Gotta Man and Love Is Blind featuring Faith Evans. The first one peaked at number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, in November 1999, Eve featured on Missy Elliotts single Hot Boyz along with Nas, Lil Mo and Q-Tip. The song became a hit, spending 18 weeks at one on the Hot Rap Singles from November 16,1999 to March 7,2000. The follow-up to Ruff Ryders First Lady, Scorpion, was released in 2001 and its first single, Whos That Girl guaranteed the rapper first international success
36.
Let Me Blow Ya Mind
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Let Me Blow Ya Mind is a song by American rapper Eve, featuring American singer Gwen Stefani. It was released on March 15,2001 as the second and final single from Eves second album and it peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100, it also peaked at number 29 in Canada, and number four in the United Kingdom. The song was listed at number seven on the 2001 Pazz & Jop list and it won a Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration, which was a brand new category at the time. The music video won the 2001 MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video, in the music video, Gwen Stefani and Eve are shown stopping at a red light. Eve brings in a gang of party crashers, and she tells Gwen to tag along, Gwen gets out of her car and gets into the all-terrain vehicle. They arrive at the party where to crash it after parking their ATV, then, they are arrested for disrupting a formal party with their loud music and rowdiness. An older woman appears in the video, the woman shares a resemblance to Leona Helmsley. She tells police officers about the disturbance as Stefani and Eve disrupt the party, dr. Dre also makes an appearance at the end of the video when he comes to jail and pays the bail for Eve and Stefani. Fellow Ruff Ryders Jadakiss and Styles P make a cameo in a scene where Eve acts as a bartender. The song was one of the biggest selling singles of Summer 2001 in both the United States and the United Kingdom, in the latter country, it became Eves second top ten hit single. CD,1 Let Me Blow Ya Mind Whos That Girl, aint Got No Dough Let Me Blow Ya Mind CD,2 Let Me Blow Ya Mind Whos That Girl Gotta Man Let Me Blow Ya Mind Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
37.
Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2
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Command & Conquer, Red Alert 2 is a real-time strategy video game by Westwood Pacific, which was released for Microsoft Windows on October 23,2000 as the follow-up to Command & Conquer, Red Alert. Red Alert 2 picks up at the conclusion of the Allied campaign of the first game and its expansion is Command & Conquer, Yuris Revenge. Command and Conquer, Red Alert 2 contains two factions, the Soviets and the Allies, which both previously appeared in Command & Conquer, Red Alert. The single player campaign is structured in an alternate-ending mode as opposed to a story mode. Red Alert 2 was a commercial and critical success, receiving an 86% from GameRankings, like all other Command & Conquer real-time strategy games, Command & Conquer, Red Alert 2 contains two separate campaigns, with distinct story lines, one for each playable faction. After the attempted conquest of Europe depicted in Command & Conquer, Red Alert, joseph Stalin is dead, and the Soviet military has been all but destroyed. Romanov acquiesces to the Allies demands at first, though he builds up the Soviet military for defense purposes – a cover for an invasion of the United States of America. Within hours, the USA is overrun with Red Army troops, in response, the US President Michael Dugan establishes an emergency response team headed by General Dan Carville and the Commander known as The Ghost to the Soviet army later in the game. The Allied story line begins with a forces team led by Special Agent Tanya Adams sent to New York City to repel the Soviet invasion there. The player, with help from Tanya, successfully repels the Soviet invasion of New York City, Tanya and the Commander then go to Colorado Springs to liberate the Air Force Academy and the air base there. C. It is seen that the Psychic Beacon has controlled the minds of the President and General Ben Carville and several key officials in the city. Despite this, Washington, D. C. still remains in Soviet hands, forcing the American government, the Allies promptly launch an offensive into Soviet-occupied Chicago from their Canadian base across Lake Michigan, freeing the city and destroying the Psychic Amplifier. Alarmed by the situation, leaders of France, Germany, Michael Dugan agrees and sends a special forces team led by Tanya into Poland near its border with Germany. The silos are covertly destroyed, and the Europeans join the war against the Soviets, bolstered by additional men and equipment, the U. S. military is able to launch an amphibious assault on Soviet-occupied Washington, D. C. and recapture the city. Allied intelligence next reveals that the Soviets are planning to capture the Hawaiian Islands, the islands are saved, but the United States is still in a precarious position. The Allies then mount an attack on the city, destroying the Psychic Beacon, the Allies also learn of a Soviet project to replicate the Allied Prism technology at a research base in Tulum, Mexico. A team of Navy SEALs is then dispatched into the area to destroy the research facility, the mission is successful and the Allied Prism technology is not compromised. General Carville, in a briefing to the player, says that they are being shipped off to Germany into the Black Forest to protect Albert Einstein’s laboratory in order to bring an end to the war
38.
Command & Conquer: Yuri's Revenge
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Command & Conquer, Yuris Revenge is an expansion pack to Command & Conquer, Red Alert 2 developed by Westwood Studios. The game was released in North America on October 10,2001 by EA Games, the game is centered on the idea of a shadowy ex-Soviet figure named Yuri having established a secret army of his own and posing a threat to the free will of the world. In Command and Conquer, Yuris Revenge, the story starts off assuming that the Allies were victorious in Red Alert 2. The plot is based around Yuri, the head of the Soviet Psychic Corps. These devices have the power to control everyone in the world. The game begins with a briefing in the White House concerning Yuri. One of Yuris Psychic Dominators is on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco, despite this, Yuri activates his other Psychic Dominators around the world and the majority of the planet quickly succumbs to Yuris mind-control. The player must capture power plants in the city to power up the Time machine, once enough power plants have been captured, the player successfully goes back in time, but arrives at the time that Soviet forces are first invading San Francisco. The Soviets are caught by surprise by Allied reinforcements from the future, the player is informed that Los Angeles has fallen under Yuri’s control, and Yuri is using his Grinders to slaughter the citys population for raw materials. The Grinders and the rest of Yuri’s forces in the city are destroyed, with this vital loss, Yuri is forced to look for a new source of income, and finds the chairman of the Massivesoft Corporation in Seattle. The nuclear missile silo is destroyed and the Massivesoft Campus is freed. No longer being forced to fund Yuri’s war effort, the CEO of the Massivesoft Corporation makes a healthy donation” to the Allied war effort as thanks. In the midst of great victories, Yuri has captured Professor Albert Einstein and is forcing him to work on the Psychic Dominator at a base near the Great Pyramid so it can come online sooner. The Commander quickly goes to Egypt and frees Einstein who sets the Psychic Dominator there to self-destruct, now in a very desperate situation, Yuri plans to kidnap several world leaders and replace them with mindless clones loyal to Yuri. By orders from General Carville, the player goes to Sydney, Australia, where Yuri’s cloning facility is located, and promptly destroys Yuri’s cloning facility, after a long war on two fronts the Soviets are defeated and Yuris armies are now beginning to fall back. Wishing to bring the war against Yuri to a quick conclusion, the two superpowers schedule a meeting to ratify a treaty in a top secret location. While informing the player of this, Lieutenant Eva falls under Yuri’s mind-control and reveals the location, Parliament Building in London, England, to Yuri. With this critical information now known to the enemy, General Carville bluntly orders the Commander to go to London, with the Commander’s protection, the treaty is ratified and signed and Soviet forces soon join the battle, destroying Yuris London base
39.
The Adventures of Pinocchio (1996 film)
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Mister Geppetto is an earnest woodcutter. Years ago, he carved the image of his heart into a tree for his secret love Leona. A few years later, Geppetto finds the tree again. But it splits in half and rolls down the bank, landing at his feet, Geppetto is intrigued upon his discovery and takes the log home. He discovers that the pine log refuses to be burned, he decides to carve the new puppet with his heart on it. His puppet named Pinocchio is soon mysteriously come to life by a sentient force after his creation. Pinocchio approaches the woodcutter, initially alarming him, after a chase throughout the town, Geppetto finally finds Pinocchio and starts teaching him about how to behave. While wandering through town, Pinocchio becomes involved with two thieves Volpe and Felinet who attempt to flatter Pinocchio, Geppetto comes to the rescue by getting Pinocchio away from Volpe & Felinet and warns Pinocchio not to wander off with strangers. Volpe & Felinet go to the puppet master Lorenzini who owns a puppet theater. Felinet tells him about Pinocchio and Lorenzini appears interested, so he visits Geppetto that afternoon to barter for Pinocchio, Lorenzini is amazed to see how Pinocchio talks, However, Geppetto refuses to sell Pinocchio and instead sells some of his own puppets. During the meeting, however, Pinocchio accidentally falls out of the window and ends up following a group of children to the local school, but he gets into a scuffle with Lampwick and his friend Saleo who bully him and prompt him to assault them. When Pinocchio lies about it, his nose begins growing longer, the Professor punishes Pinocchio by forcing him to leave the school. Out of bitterness, Pinocchio causes a commotion in a bakery in which the bakers wife causes more damage than the puppet, Geppetto is held responsible for the puppets actions and is arrested. While Geppetto spends the night in a cell, Pinocchio returns home and meets the voice of truth in the form of a wise. He promises to help Pinocchio to become a boy, if he will start behaving properly. However, Pinocchio is tracked down by the police and arrested, the next day, Geppetto and Pinocchio stand before the judge as the bakers wife sways the court in her favor. The judge rules that unless Geppetto can pay for the damages, Lorenzini steps in and offers to pay off the debt, on the condition that Pinocchio be handed over to his custody. Geppetto strongly protests yet eventually gives in after being reminded of his financial state
40.
Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated
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Mystery Incorporated is the eleventh incarnation of Hanna-Barberas Scooby-Doo animated series, and the first incarnation not to be first-run on Saturday mornings. The series is produced by Warner Bros, animation and Cartoon Network UK and premiered in the United States on Cartoon Network on April 5,2010, with the next twelve episodes continuing, and the first episode re-airing, on July 12,2010. The series concluded on April 5,2013 with two seasons and fifty-two episodes, with a total of episodes per season. Furthermore, it is also the first series in the franchise to use of real life ghosts. P. Lovecraft, alongside the classic horror movies shown in previous series. Other Hanna-Barbera characters occasionally guest-star, including Captain Caveman, Jabberjaw, Speed Buggy, The Funky Phantom, Blue Falcon and Dynomutt, and more. The series is also the debut of Matthew Lillard as the voice of Shaggy. Casey Kasem, the voice of Shaggy, voiced Shaggys father in five episodes. Linda Cardellini, who played Velma in the movies, voiced Hot Dog Water. In addition to the cases they always solve, the team finds itself being nudged into the uncovering of a dark secret that is hidden in the past of Crystal Cove. Following cryptic hints from a faceless mystery-man known only as Mr. E, the fate of both the gangs friendship and all of reality itself hangs in the balance as extradimensional forces gather in preparation, and the time of Nibiru draws near. Mystery Incorporated ran for twenty-six episodes between 2010 and 2011 with a stop to the airing of the episodes after episode thirteen. The first episode of the season premiered as a peek on April 5,2010. The series continued to air on Canadas Teletoons after episode thirteen, the remaining thirteen episodes, dubbed as a second season by Cartoon Network, began airing in May 3,2011 until July 26,2011. The official Warner Brothers website announced that the season would begin airing on Cartoon Network in May 2012 but was set back to July 30,2012 in the United States. The first fifteen episodes aired on weekdays after July 30,2012, the show went on another hiatus until March 25,2013, when the remaining episodes of season two began to air in the United States and concluded on April 5,2013. Each episode of the series is called a chapter in line with the overarching story. Mystery Incorporated, Crystal Cove Online, which had a new mystery every week based on the aired episode, the player takes control of Shaggy and Scooby as they explore Crystal Cove, solving mysteries and helping other citizens with the rest of the gang
41.
Mark of the Devil
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Mark of the Devil is a West German horror film released in 1970. While not prosecuted for obscenity, the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 during the video nasty panic, count Christian von Meruh is a witch hunter and apprentice to Lord Cumberland in early 18th-century Austria. He believes strongly in his mentor and the ways of the church, von Meruh begins to see for himself that the witch trials are nothing but a scam of the church to rob people of their land, money, and other personal belongings of value and seduce beautiful women. Eventually, the revolt, and Cumberland escapes but von Meruh is captured by the townspeople. This film contains very strong graphic torture including a womans tongue being ripped out of her head, nuns being raped, the original plans were led by producer Adrian Hoven, who intended to produce, direct and star in the film. Hovens version was a different film rumoured to have been called The Witch Hunter - Dr. Dracula. The film was made to cash in on the success of the Michael Reevess 1968 classic Witchfinder General, the production was filmed during the summer of 1969 in Austria. From the beginning production was difficult, including that at least half a dozen languages were spoken on set, producer Adrian Hoven and director Michael Armstrong disliked each other intensely and often argued over the slightest of things. Hoven made sure a small number of the scripts were kept on set and even cut some of Armstrongs footage, because cinematographer Ernst W. Kalinke was a friend of Hovens, they would both film scenes without Armstrongs permission. It has been debated how much of Mark of the Devil was filmed by Armstrong, to give the film some historical accuracy, it was filmed in an Austrian castle where actual witchfinding interrogations had taken place. This castle also served as a museum with authentic torture tools that were used in the film, Mark of the Devil was released theatrically in West Germany on February 19,1970. The film was released on DVD by Anchor Bay Entertainment in 1998 and re-released by Blue Underground in 2004, arrow Films released the film on March 17,2015 first time uncut on Blu-ray Disc in the United Kingdom and United States. The release featured the High Rising Productions documentary film Mark of the Times, the film was more successful at the box office than Witchfinder General and this success is often attributed to the aforementioned advertising campaign. The film has been criticized by reviewers for being too violent to contain any message. Other reviews praise the film for its soundtrack, special effects, the University of Viennas film studies conference Mark of the Devil, On a Classic Exploitation Film was held on 3–5 April 2014. Producer Hoven delivered the official sequel, Mark of the Devil Part II in 1973, in addition, several VHS companies sought to exploit the titles notoriety by retitling several unrelated European horror films as sequels. Mark of the Devil at the Internet Movie Database Mark of the Devil at AllMovie Mark of the Devil, On a Classic Exploitation Film
42.
The Salzburg Connection
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The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American DeLuxe Color thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina in Panavision. It is based on a novel by Helen MacInnes, after a chest is brought up from the bottom of an Austrian lake, the diver, Richard Bryant, is found murdered. Bill Mathison is an American lawyer on vacation in Austria and he stops by a photography shop to meet with a man who is compiling a book of photographs of Austrian Lakes, as a favor to the publisher, and meets the photographers wife Anna. An American woman, Elissa Lang, pretending to be a recent college graduate on a European tour is also after the chest and they all end up fighting for their lives, as well as the possession of the chest along with a group of CIA agents
43.
Blood for Dracula
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Blood for Dracula is a 1974 Italian-French horror film written and directed by Paul Morrissey and produced by Andy Warhol, Andrew Braunsberg, and Jean Yanne. It stars Udo Kier, Joe Dallesandro, Maxime McKendry, Stefania Casini, Arno Juerging, when released in the United States in 1975, it was retitled Andy Warhols Dracula. The youngest and eldest daughters are virgins, the eldest is thought too plain to be offered for marriage and is past her prime, Dracula obtains assurances that all the daughters are virgins and drinks the blood of the two who are considered marriageable. However, their tainted blood reveals to him the truth and makes him even weaker, nevertheless, he is able to turn the two girls into his telepathic slaves. Soon after the Marchese Di Fiore travels out of Italy to pay his debts, Mario discovers that Dracula is a vampire. When he realizes the danger Dracula poses to the youngest daughter, Mario warns Di Fiores wife, La Marchesa Di Fiore, about Draculas plan. Meanwhile, Dracula has drunk the blood of the eldest daughter, turning her into a vampire, La Marchesa confronts, and is stabbed by, Anton, whom she shoots and kills before dying. Mario dismembers Dracula with an axe and kills him and the eldest Di Fiore daughter with a stake and it was partly improvised, as the filming of Flesh for Frankenstein by the same team had been quicker and less costly than expected. Because Roman Polański was shooting What, in Italy on a set nearby, he was asked to do a cameo in Blood for Dracula. He played as a gambling guest in a pub and it can be noticed he wears the same mustache in both films. While some Italian prints reportedly give second unit director Antonio Margheriti credit as director of the film, Kier stated that he and the other cast members received direction only from Morrissey, and noted that he never saw Margheriti on the set. Unfortunately, it ended up as a trial for the producer and alleged director, the original uncut version has been released on DVD several times, though it is now unrated. Unlike the controversy over Flesh for Frankenstein, Blood for Dracula suffered many fewer cuts for its initial UK cinema release and was never listed as a Video nasty and it was passed fully uncut for video in 1995 on the First Independent label. Cinema Italiano - The Complete Guide From Classics To Cult, Andy Warhol filmography Vampire film Blood for Dracula at the Internet Movie Database Blood for Dracula at AllMovie Blood for Dracula at Rotten Tomatoes Criterion Collection essay by Maurice Yacowar
44.
Count Dracula
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Count Dracula is the title character of Bram Stokers 1897 gothic horror novel Dracula. He is considered to be both the prototypical and the vampire in subsequent works of fiction. He is also depicted in the novel to be the origin of werewolf legends, some aspects of the character are believed to have been inspired by the 15th-century Wallachian Prince Vlad III the Impaler, who was also known as Dracula. Other character aspects have been added or altered in subsequent popular fictional works, the character has subsequently appeared frequently in popular culture, from films to animated media to breakfast cereals. Bram Stokers novel takes the form of a tale, in which Count Draculas characteristics, powers, abilities and weaknesses are narrated by multiple narrators. Count Dracula is an undead, centuries-old vampire, and a Transylvanian nobleman who claims to be a Székely descended from Attila the Hun and he inhabits a decaying castle in the Carpathian Mountains near the Borgo Pass. Unlike the vampires of Eastern European folklore, which are portrayed as repulsive, corpse-like creatures, details of his early life are obscure, but it is mentioned he was in life a most wonderful man. Which latter was the highest development of the knowledge of his time. He had a mighty brain, a learning beyond compare, there was no branch of knowledge of his time that he did not essay. He studied the arts at the academy of Scholomance in the Carpathian Mountains, overlooking the town of Sibiu and has a deep knowledge of alchemy. Taking up arms, as befitting his rank and status as a voivode, according to his nemesis Abraham Van Helsing, He must indeed have been that Voivode Dracula who won his name against the Turk, over the great river on the very frontier of Turkey-land. In Draculas Guest, the narrative follows an unnamed Englishman traveller as he wanders around Munich before leaving for Transylvania and it is Walpurgis Night and the young Englishman foolishly leaves his hotel, in spite of the coachmans warnings, and wanders through a dense forest alone. Along the way, he feels that he is being watched by a tall, the short story climaxes in an old graveyard, where the Englishman encounters a sleeping female vampire called Countess Dolingen in a marble tomb with a large iron stake driven into it. This malevolent and beautiful vampire awakens from her marble bier to conjure a snowstorm before being struck by lightning and returning to her eternal prison, however, the Englishmans troubles are not quite over, as he is dragged away by an unseen force and rendered unconscious. He awakens to find a wolf lying on his chest and licking at his throat, however. When the Englishman is finally back to his hotel, a telegram awaits him from his expectant host Dracula, with a warning about dangers from snow and wolves. As the Dracula novel begins in the late 19th century, Dracula acts on a plan for world domination. He summons Jonathan Harker, a newly qualified English solicitor, to legal support for a real estate transaction overseen by Harkers employer
45.
Story of O (film)
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Story of O is a 1975 Franco-German erotic drama film directed by Just Jaeckin. The screenplay is an adaptation of the erotic novel Story of O published in 1954 by Pauline Réage, a young woman fashion photographer known only as O is taken by her lover René to Château Roissy, where she is subject to various sexual and/or sadomasochistic rituals. O is taught to be available for oral, vaginal. She is regularly stripped, blindfolded, chained and whipped, her labium is pierced and she leaves wearing a ring as a sign of her initiation. O meets a model called Jacqueline whilst René introduces O to Sir Stephen H, who was raised as Renés brother, O is then sent by Sir Stephen to the country house of Anne-Marie where she and other young women are prepared to be branded by Sir Stephen. Os visit concludes with Sir Stephens inserting rings into her labia, Sir Stephen then shares her with two other men, the commander and Ivan. Later Sir Stephen, O, Jacqueline and René visit the home in Brittany for a party. Some time after that, O asks Sir Stephen if he would endure the same punishments, when he says I suppose so, she suddenly burns his hand with a hot cigarette holder, leaving there a circle, or an O. The film has given a rating of 40% by Rotten Tomatoes. Story of O by Guido Crepax Story of O at the Internet Movie Database Story of O at Rotten Tomatoes
