1.
Keisei Ueno Station
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Keisei Ueno Station is a railway station in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Keisei Electric Railway. It is the terminus of the Keisei Main Line and is a distance from JR Ueno Station. The station is underground beneath Ueno Park, the Museum Zoo Station was the next station prior to its closure on 1 April 1997. The station opened on 10 October 1933 as Ueno Kōen Station and it was renamed Keisei Ueno Station on 1 May 1953. In fiscal 2015, the station was used by an average of 44,814 passengers daily
2.
East Japan Railway Company
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East Japan Railway Company is a major passenger railway company in Japan and one of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English. The companys headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo, JR East was incorporated on 1 April 1987 after being spun off from the government-run Japanese National Railways. Following the breakup, JR East ran the operations on former JNR lines in the Greater Tokyo Area, the Tohoku region and its railway lines primarily serve Kanto and Tohoku regions, along with adjacent areas in Koshinetsu region and Shizuoka prefectures. JR East operates all of the Shinkansen, high-speed rail lines and these lines have sections inside the Tokyo Suburban Area designated by JR East. This does not necessarily mean that the lines are fully inside the Greater Tokyo Area, JR East aims to reduce its carbon emissions by half, as measured over the period 1990-2030. This would be achieved by increasing the efficiency of trains and company-owned thermal power stations, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department has stated that JR Easts official union is a front for an organized crime syndicate called the Japan Revolutionary Communist League. An investigation of this is ongoing, the East Japan Railway Culture Foundation is a non-profit organization established by JR East for the purpose of developing a richer railway culture. The Railway Museum in Saitama is operated by the foundation, EJRC has bid for the London Midland franchise in the United Kingdom. Winners will be announced on June 2017 and will start operating on October 2017, East Japan Railway Company Web Site JR East official apology for Inaho No.14 accident on 25 December 2005 Company history books. Wiki collection of works on East Japan Railway Company
3.
Tokyo Metro
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Tokyo Metro Co. Ltd. commonly known as Tokyo Metro, is a rapid transit system in Tokyo, Japan. The company replaced the Teito Rapid Transit Authority, commonly known as Eidan or TRTA, Tokyo Metro is operated by Tokyo Metro Co. Ltd. a private company jointly owned by the Japanese government and the Tokyo metropolitan government. The company replaced the Teito Rapid Transit Authority, commonly known as Eidan or TRTA, TRTA was administered by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and jointly funded by the national and metropolitan governments. It was formed in 1941, although its oldest lines date back to 1927 with the opening of the Tokyo Underground Railway the same year, the other major subway operator is Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation which is owned solely by the government of Tokyo. Tokyo Metro and Toei trains form completely separate networks, though, most Tokyo Metro line offer through service to lines outside of central Tokyo run by other carriers, and this can somewhat complicate the ticketing. Much effort has made to make the system accessible to non-Japanese speaking users. Announcements also provide connecting line information, ticket machines can switch between English and Japanese user interfaces. Train stations are signposted in English and Japanese, there are also numerous signs in Chinese and Korean. Train stations are now also numbered on each color-coded line. In addition, some trains have interior LCD displays which display station names in Japanese, English, Chinese, Many stations are also designed to help blind people as railings often have Braille at their base, and raised yellow rubber guide strips are used on flooring throughout the network. Tokyo Metro stations began accepting contactless Pasmo stored value cards in March 2007 to pay fares, both these passes also can be used on surrounding rail systems throughout the area and many rail lines in other areas of Japan. Due to the complexity of the systems in Japan, most riders converted to these cards very quickly even though there is an additional charge to be issued a card. The Tokyo Metro is extremely punctual and has trains arriving less than five minutes apart most of the day. However, it not run 24 hours a day. While through service with other companies complicates this somewhat, the last train generally starts at midnight and completes its service by 01,00, Tokyo Metro indicated in its public share offering that it would cease line construction once the Fukutoshin Line was completed. That line was completed in March 2013 with the opening of the connection with the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line at Shibuya Station, allowing through service as far as Motomachi-Chūkagai Station in Yokohama. There are several such as the Hanzōmon Line that still have extensions in their official plans, and in the past. There are also some other rail project proposals in Tokyo which would involve large-scale tunneling projects and this line is often described as a bypass of the current Toei Asakusa Line
4.
Yamagata Shinkansen
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The Yamagata Shinkansen is a Mini-shinkansen route in Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company. It provides service between Tokyo and Shinjō in Yamagata Prefecture over the tracks of the Tohoku Shinkansen and the Ōu Main Line, the term Yamagata Shinkansen refers to the segment that connects Fukushima in Fukushima Prefecture and Shinjō. Because the shinkansen trains share tracks with regular trains, it is often referred to as a mini-shinkansen. Trains consist of 7-car E3 series trainsets operating as Tsubasa services, between Tokyo and Fukushima, the trains run coupled to Yamabiko trains on the Tōhoku Shinkansen. Between Fukushima and Shinjō, the run on their own at a maximum speed of 130 km/h. As of July 2012, about 62 million passengers had ridden the line since it opened in July 1992, the fastest trains connected Tokyo and Yamagata stations in two hours and 29 minutes. All stations listed below are located on the Ōu Main Line, beyond Fukushima, trains bound for Tokyo run with Tohoku Shinkansen trains. December 1,1995, Trains are extended to seven cars, december 4,1999, Line is extended to Shinjō. September 21,2001, Double-decker E4 Series Shinkansen replace the 200 series trains on the Tōhoku Shinkansen, march 18,2007, All cars are made non-smoking. December 20,2008, E3-2000 series trains enter service April 18,2010,400 series trains cease operations, march 11,2011, All services are suspended due to the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. March 31,2011, Partial services resume between Fukushima and Shinjō, April 12,2011, Through-service resumed between Tokyo and Shinjō but at half of previous capacity
5.
Akita Shinkansen
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The Akita Shinkansen is a Mini-shinkansen high-speed rail line in Japan. Serving the Kantō and Tōhoku Regions of the country, it links Tokyo, from Tokyo to Morioka in Iwate prefecture, it operates on the Tohoku Shinkansen tracks. From Morioka to Ōmagari, it uses the Tazawako Line tracks, the section from Ōmagari to Akita use the Ōu Main Line tracks. Services consist of Komachi trains formed of 7-car E6 series mini-shinkansen sets coupled with E5 series Hayabusa trains for the portion of the journey between Tokyo and Morioka. The Komachi services run at a speed of 320 km/h on the Tohoku Shinkansen. Between Tokyo and Morioka, the stations are the same as those on the Tohoku Shinkansen, from there on, the stations are as shown below. March 22,1997, The segment from Morioka to Akita began operating with 5-car E3 series trains,1998, Trains were extended to 6 cars. September 16,2001, line celebrates 10 millionth passenger, march 11,2006, line celebrates 20 millionth passenger. March 18,2007, All cars are no smoking. March 11,2011, All services suspended due to the Tohoku earthquake, march 18,2011, Partial service resumes between Morioka and Akita. No through service to Tōhoku Shinkansen, april 29,2011, In conjunction with the reopening of the full length of the Tohoku Shinkansen, through service to Tokyo is restored. March 16,2013, New E6 series trains were introduced on Super Komachi services, march 15,2014, All Komachi services operated by E6 series trains, operating at 320 km/h on the Tohoku Shinkansen
6.
Hokuriku Shinkansen
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The first section, between Takasaki and Nagano in Nagano Prefecture, opened on 1 October 1997, originally called the Nagano Shinkansen. The extension to Toyama in Toyama Prefecture and Kanazawa in Ishikawa Prefecture opened on 14 March 2015, Construction of a further section onward to Fukui and Tsuruga in Fukui Prefecture commenced in 2012, with scheduled opening in fiscal 2022. The route of the section to Shin-Osaka was decided on 20 December 2016 as the Obama - Kyoto route, with construction expected to begin in 2030. Since March 2015, services on the line are split into four types, trains operate over the Joetsu and Tohoku Shinkansen tracks between Tokyo and Takasaki. Following the opening of the Shinkansen, part of the line was abandoned between Yokokawa and Karuizawa. This section included the steeply-graded Usui Pass which required the use of engines on all trains. The boundary between JR East and JR West lies immediately to the north of Jōetsumyōkō Station, stations in italics are not currently operational. E7 series 12-car F sets W7 series 12-car W sets With the start of Nagano Shinkansen services, trains were operated by a new fleet of JR East E2 series 8-car sets. A fleet of 17 new E7 series 12-car trainsets were phased in from March 2014, the remaining E2 series trainsets are scheduled to be withdrawn from Hokuriku Shinkansen services on 31 March 2017. One specially-modified 200 series set, numbered F80, was used on additional Asama services in February 1998 during the 1998 Winter Olympics held in Nagano and its maximum speed was limited to 210 km/h. The last services operated using eight-car E2 series trainsets ran on 31 March 2017, from which date all Asama services were formed of E7, the initial section between Takasaki and Nagano opened on 1 October 1997. The Hokuriku Shinkansen extension from Nagano to Kanazawa opened in March 2015, the 113-km extension from Kanazawa to Tsuruga was approved for construction in June 2012. From the start of the timetable on 15 March 2014. Initially used on seven return services daily, this number was increased to eleven return services daily from 19 April 2014, Construction of the extension from Nagano to Kanazawa was completed on 24 May 2014. When services commenced in March 2015, the time from Tokyo to Toyama was reduced to about 2 hours. Final permission to start construction to Fukui was granted in December 2011, the extension to Tsuruga was approved for construction on 30 June 2012, and is scheduled to open in fiscal 2022. Beyond Jōetsumyōkō Station, the line is operated by West Japan Railway Company instead of East Japan Railway Company, test-running on the JR East section of the line between Nagano and Kurobe-Unazukionsen commenced on 1 December 2013, initially at low speeds using the East i test train. From 6 December, test-running commenced using 10-car E2 series trainsets, test-running continued until the end of March 2014
7.
Utsunomiya Line
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The Utsunomiya Line is the name given to a 159.9 kilometre section of the Tōhoku Main Line between Ueno Station in Tokyo and Kuroiso Station in Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan. It is part of the East Japan Railway Company network, service on the line has been extended to Tokyo Station via the Ueno-Tokyo Line. Services on the Utsunomiya Line are typically divided into those starting and terminating at Ueno and Shōnan-Shinjuku Line through services from Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, and points south. Between Ueno and Ōmiya, trains share the track with the Takasaki Line, the Utsunomiya Line has four trains per hour to/from Ueno, with another two trains per hour through from the Shōnan-Shinjuku Line, one of which is a rapid service. The fastest service on the line, the rapid Rabbit, makes the run between Ueno and Utsunomiya in one hour and 26 minutes, service on the line is generally divided at Utsunomiya, though the number of through trains has been increasing steadily over the years. They are operated only on weekday evenings, departing Ueno between 18,00 and 22,00 and Utsunomiya between 16,00 and 21,00, with approximately one round-trip per hour, all trains are E231/E233 series 10- or 15-car EMUs. Rapid Rabbit services run between Ueno and Utsunomiya, skipping some intermediate stations, Rabbit trains were first operated by the Japanese National Railways as an hourly/half-hourly rapid service. Since October 2004, however, Rabbit services run only twice during the morning, on weekends, local trains run four times hourly, one of those terminates at Koganei, while the rest terminate at Utsunomiya. During the morning peak, Ueno-bound trains run at intervals of 4–6 minutes, services are provided by E231/E233 series 10- or 15-car EMUs. Within the Utsunomiya Line, Shōnan-Shinjuku Line rapid and local trains are operated once per hour. They do not stop at Saitama-Shintoshin Station since it has no platforms available, all trains are 10- or 15-car E231/E233 series EMUs. Rapid trains operate hourly, making limited stops. They travel between Shinjuku and Utsunomiya in one hour,35 minutes, local trains operate once hourly, stopping at all stations. They travel between Shinjuku and Ōmiya in 32 minutes, between Utsunomiya and Kuroiso, local and rapid trains stop at every station. Trains operate approximately three times per hour, traveling between Utsunomiya and Kuroiso in approximately 50 minutes, most trains are 205-600 series EMUs. Ohayō Tochigi / Hometown Tochigi Hokutosei, Cassiopeia Two trains bound for Koga depart Ueno every weekday evening, passengers can board only at Ueno, all other stations are for disembarking only. Stops include, Ueno, Urawa, Ōmiya, Higashi-Ōmiya, Hasuda, Kuki, service is provided by 7-car 185 series and 9-car 489 series EMUs. Tōhoku Main Line Stations of the Tōhoku Main Line
8.
Takasaki Line
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The Takasaki Line is a Japanese railway line which connects Ōmiya Station in Saitama, Saitama Prefecture and Takasaki Station in Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture. It is owned and operated by the East Japan Railway Company, the Ueno - Omiya - Takasaki - Shinmaebashi line was the first privately built railway in Japan. All services on the line run to/from Ueno Station in Tokyo via the Tōhoku Main Line, the line was extended to Tokyo Station via the Ueno-Tokyo Line that opened in March 2015. As the Takasaki Line serves many cities within Saitama Prefecture. National Route 17 and its predecessor, the Nakasendō, run parallel to the line. Services on the Takasaki Line are typically divided into those starting and terminating at Ueno and Shōnan-Shinjuku Line through services from Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, and points south. Between Ueno and Ōmiya, trains share the track with the Tōhoku Main Line, service on the line is provided by 15-car E231 series and E233-3000 series four-door suburban commuter EMUs with two Green cars, north of Kagohara, this is reduced to 10-cars. However, the Shinkansen reduced the need for most of limited express services. These include, Akagi / Swallow Akagi Kusatsu Minakami Commuter rapid services operate on weekday evenings only, Rapid Urban services run between Ueno and Takasaki, skipping some intermediate stations. There are two Takasaki-bound services every morning and seven Takasaki/Maebashi-bound and five Ueno-bound services on weekend evenings, local trains run approximately four times hourly, one or two of those terminates at Kagohara, while the rest terminate at Takasaki, Shin-Maebashi, or Maebashi. Within the Takasaki Line, Shōnan-Shinjuku Line special rapid and rapid trains are operated once per hour. Unlike regular Ueno bound or originating trains, they bypass Saitama-Shintoshin station as it has no platform for the used by the Shonan-Shinjuku line. Previously bypassed Urawa station now has a newly constructed platform that entered service in March 2013, all trains are 10- or 15-car E231 or E233 series EMUs. Special rapid trains operate hourly to Takasaki, making limited stops. North of Kagohara, all services are operated with 10-car trainsets, akebono Hokuriku, Noto Four trains bound for Kōnosu depart Ueno every weekday evening. Passengers can board only at Ueno, all stations are for disembarking only. Service is provided by 7-car 185 series and 9-car 489 series EMU trainsets, local trains, excluding Shōnan-Shinjuku Line through trains, stop at all stations. All Rapid Uraban, Commuter Rapid, and Shōnan-Shinjuku Line trains stop at stations marked ●, some stop at those marked ▲, for limited express, express, and seasonal rapid Moonlight Echigo services, please see their respective articles
9.
Yamanote Line
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The Yamanote Line is a railway loop line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company. However, in everyday usage the Yamanote Line refers to the entire 34.5 km loop line served by local trains. Trains run from 04,26 to 01,18 the next day at intervals as short as 2.5 minutes during peak periods, a complete loop takes 59 to 65 minutes. All trains stop at each station, trains are put into and taken out of service at Ōsaki and sometimes Ikebukuro. Certain trains also start from Tamachi in the mornings and end at Shinagawa in the evenings, trains which run clockwise are known as sotomawari and those counter-clockwise as uchi-mawari. The line also acts as a fare zone destination for JR tickets from locations outside Tokyo and this refers to stations on the Yamanote Line as well as the Chūō-Sōbu Line between Sendagaya and Ochanomizu. The line colour used on all rolling stock, station signs and diagrams is JNR Yellow Green No.6, the ridership of the Yamanote Line in 2015 is 1,097,093 passengers. However, in case the Yamanote Line refers to JR Easts internal definition of the entire rail corridor between Shinagawa and Tabata stations via Shinjuku. As such ridership of the local service connecting its 29 stations is divided into several corridors making a complete count of only the Yamanote Loop unavailable. Ridership of the Saikyō and Shōnan–Shinjuku Lines sharing the corridor on the parallel Yamanote freight line are included in the ridership of the Yamanote Line, while the ridership of the Yamanote Line between Tabata and Shinagawa Station is excluded and counted as part of the Tōhoku and Tōkaidō Main Lines. Due to the Yamanote Lines central location connecting most of Tokyos major commuter hubs and commercial areas, sections of the line were running over 250% capacity in the 1990s and remained above 200% for most of the 2000s. As of 2016, the busiest section of the runs at 167% capacity. Yamanote literally refers to inland, hillier districts or foothills, in Tokyo, Yamanote lies along the western side of the Yamanote Line loop. Yamanote-sen is officially written in Japanese without the no, which makes its pronunciation ambiguous in print. The characters 山手 may also be pronounced yamate, as in Yamate-dōri, the Seishin-Yamate Line in Kobe and the Yamate area of Yokohama also use this pronunciation. After World War II, SCAP ordered all train placards to be romanized, and it was thus alternatively known as Yamanote and Yamate until 1971, when the Japanese National Railways changed the pronunciation back to Yamanote. Some older people still refer to the line as the Yamate Line, stations are listed in order clockwise from Shinagawa to Tabata, but for operational purposes trains officially start and terminate at Ōsaki. All trains on the Yamanote Line are local trains stop at all stations
10.
Tokyo Metro Ginza Line
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The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro. The official name is Line 3 Ginza Line and it is 14.3 km long and serves the wards of Shibuya, Minato, Chūō, Chiyoda, and Taitō. The line holds the distinction of being the oldest subway line in Asia, on maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color orange, and its stations are given numbers using the letter G. Almost all Ginza Line trains operate on the full length from Asakusa to Shibuya. However, two trains depart in the morning from Toranomon, and some late-night trains from Shibuya are taken out of service at Ueno. Along with the Marunouchi Line, it is self-enclosed and does not have any through services with other railway lines. On weekdays, trains run every two minutes in the peak, every 2 minutes and 15 seconds in the evening peak. The first trains start from Shibuya and Asakusa at 05,01, and the last ones reach Shibuya at 00,37, being the oldest line on the Tokyo Metro, stations are also the closest to the surface—generally no more than one and a half stories underground. The western end of the line emerges to the surface and enters Shibuya Station located on the third-floor of a building that is located in a depression. The Ginza Line was conceived by a businessman named Noritsugu Hayakawa and he founded the Tokyo Underground Railway in 1920, and began construction in 1925. The portion between Ueno and Asakusa was completed on December 30,1927 and publicized as the first underground railway in the Orient, upon its opening, the line was so popular that passengers often had to wait more than two hours to ride a train for a five-minute trip. On January 1,1930, the subway was extended by 1.7 km to temporary Manseibashi Station, the Great Depression slowed down construction, but the line finally reached its originally planned terminus of Shinbashi on June 21,1934. In 1938, the Tōkyō Rapid Railway, a company tied to the predecessor of todays Tokyu Corporation, the two lines began through-service interoperation in 1939 and were formally merged as the Teito Rapid Transit Authority in July 1941. The Ginza Line name was applied in 1953 to distinguish the line from the new Marunouchi Line, in the postwar economic boom, the Ginza Line became increasingly crowded. Automatic train control and Train automatic stopping controller were activated on the Ginza Line on July 31,1993 and this allowed for an increase in the maximum operating speed limit from 55 km/h to 65 km/h, which came into effect on August 2,1993. The newest station on the line, Tameike-Sannō Station, opened in 1997 to provide a connection to the newly built Namboku Line, since April 2012, the Ginza Line uses a fleet of 40 six-car Tokyo Metro 1000 series EMUs which have a maximum speed of 80 km/h. Each car is 16 m long and 2.55 m wide and they are powered by a third rail electrified at 600 V DC. The facility is capable of holding up to 20 6-car formations, major inspections are carried out at Tokyo Metros Nakano depot on the Marunouchi Line, forwarding over a connecting track at Akasaka-Mitsuke
11.
Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line
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The Tokyo Metro Hibiya Line is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, owned and operated by the Tokyo subway operator Tokyo Metro. The line was named after the district of Hibiya, under which it passes, the Hibiya Line runs between Naka-Meguro in Meguro and Kita-Senju in Adachi. The Hibiya Line became the first line operated by Tokyo Metro to offer services with a private railway. Some peak-hour services terminate at Takenotsuka, Kita-Koshigaya or Kita-Kasukabe on the Tobu Skytree Line, prior to 16 March 2013, when through-running began between the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line and the Tokyu Toyoko Line, Hibiya Line trains also inter-ran via the Tokyu Toyoko Line to Kikuna. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is using the color silver. All stations are located in Tokyo, a new, as-yet unnamed, station is scheduled to be built between Kamiyachō and Kasumigaseki, provisionally opening in 2020 to serve the 2020 Summer Olympics, and full opening by fiscal 2022. The new trains will have 20 m long cars with four pairs of doors per side. TRTA3000 series Tobu 2000 series Tokyu 7000 series Tokyu 1000 series The Hibiya Line was the fourth subway line built in Tokyo after the Ginza Line, Marunouchi Line and its basic plan was drawn up by a Ministry of Transportation committee in 1957. Called Line 2 at the time, it was designed to connect Naka-Meguro in southwest Tokyo with Kita-Koshigaya in the northeast, the full northeastern extension of the line was never built, as the Tobu Railway upgraded to quadruple track within the same corridor to meet capacity demands. Work began in 1959, with the first section opening in March 1961, the line opened in stages, the northern section, between Kita-Senju and Ningyōchō, was operational in May 1962, the southern section, between Naka-Meguro and Kasumigaseki, opened in March 1964. The final segment, bridging Higashi-Ginza and Kasumigaseki, opened on August 29,1964, the Hibiya Line was one of the lines targeted in the 1995 Aum sarin gas attack. On March 8,2000, five people were killed and 63 were injured when a derailed Hibiya Line train was sideswiped by a train near Naka-Meguro Station
12.
Tokyo
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Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous area in the world. It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government, Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters. It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868, Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture and the city of Tokyo. The Tokyo metropolitan government administers the 23 Special Wards of Tokyo, the metropolitan government also administers 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the wards is over 9 million people. The prefecture is part of the worlds most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8 million people, the city hosts 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest number of any city in the world. Tokyo ranked third in the International Financial Centres Development IndexEdit, the city is also home to various television networks such as Fuji TV, Tokyo MX, TV Tokyo, TV Asahi, Nippon Television, NHK and the Tokyo Broadcasting System. Tokyo ranked first in the Global Economic Power Index and fourth in the Global Cities Index. The city is considered a world city – as listed by the GaWCs 2008 inventory – and in 2014. In 2015, Tokyo was named the Most Liveable City in the world by the magazine Monocle, the Michelin Guide has awarded Tokyo by far the most Michelin stars of any city in the world. Tokyo ranked first in the world in the Safe Cities Index, the 2016 edition of QS Best Student Cities ranked Tokyo as the 3rd-best city in the world to be a university student. Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics, the 1979 G-7 summit, the 1986 G-7 summit, and the 1993 G-7 summit, and will host the 2020 Summer Olympics, Tokyo was originally known as Edo, which means estuary. During the early Meiji period, the city was also called Tōkei, some surviving official English documents use the spelling Tokei. However, this pronunciation is now obsolete, the name Tokyo was first suggested in 1813 in the book Kondō Hisaku, written by Satō Nobuhiro. When Ōkubo Toshimichi proposed the renaming to the government during the Meiji Restoration, according to Oda Kanshi, Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo, in what was formerly part of the old Musashi Province. Edo was first fortified by the Edo clan, in the twelfth century
13.
Ueno
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Ueno is a district in Tokyos Taitō Ward, best known as the home of Ueno Park. Many Buddhist temples are in the area, including the Bentendo temple dedicated to goddess Benzaiten, the Kanei-ji, a major temple of the Tokugawa shoguns, stood in this area, and its pagoda is now within the grounds of the Ueno Zoo. Nearby is the Ueno Tōshōgū, a Shinto shrine to Tokugawa Ieyasu, near the Tokyo National Museum there is The International Library of Childrens Literature. Just south of the station is the Ameya-yokochō, a street market district that evolved out of a black market that sprung up after World War II. Just east is the Ueno motorcycle district, with English-speaking staff available in some stores, Ueno is part of the historical Shitamachi district of Tokyo, a working class area rather than where the aristocrats and rich merchants lived. Ueno Station is the nearest train station and is operated by JR East, Ueno Park and Ueno Station are also home to a large percentage of Tokyos homeless population. Though nearly invisible in other parts of Tokyo, the population in Ueno can be found sleeping or communing in large numbers around the ike of this district. Ueno is the hometown of Yoshida Watch Shop, established in 1901 by Shogoro Yoshida and it is the origin of Orient Watch Co. Ltd. Taitō operates public elementary and junior high schools, public high schools are operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education. Ueno High School Ueno Shinobugaoka High School Ueno Tōshō-gū Ueno travel guide from Wikivoyage Ueno / Official Tokyo Travel Guide GO TOKYO
14.
Ueno Park
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Ueno Park is a spacious public park in the Ueno district of Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. The park was established in 1873 on lands belonging to the temple of Kanei-ji. Amongst the countrys first public parks, it was founded following the example as part of the borrowing. The home of a number of museums, Ueno Park is also celebrated in spring for its cherry blossoms. In recent times the park and its attractions have drawn over ten million visitors a year, Ueno Park occupies land once belonging to Kanei-ji, founded in 1625 in the demon gate, the unlucky direction to the northeast of Edo Castle. Various proposals were put forward for the use of the site as a school or hospital. This was the year after the foundation of Yellowstone, the worlds first national park, later that year Ueno Park was established, alongside Shiba, Asakusa, Asukayama, and Fukugawa Parks. It was administered first by the Home Ministrys Museum Bureau, then by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, before passing to the Ministry of the Imperial Household. In 1924, in honour of the marriage of Hirohito, Ueno Park was presented to the city by Emperor Taishō, receiving the name that lasts to this day of Ueno Onshi Kōen. The park has some 8,800 trees, including Ginkgo biloba, Cinnamomum camphora, Zelkova serrata, Formosan cherry, Somei-Yoshino cherry, there is a further 24,800 m2 of shrubs. Shinobazu Pond is a lake with an area of 16 ha, extensive lotus beds. It provides an important wintering ground for birds, species commonly found include the tufted duck, Eurasian wigeon, northern pintail, common pochard, little grebe, great egret, and great cormorant. The Baers pochard, ring-necked duck, and American wigeon have also been recorded, the central island houses a shrine to Benzaiten, goddess of fortune, modelled on Chikubu Island in Lake Biwa. The area was full of rendezvous teahouses, equivalent of the modern love hotel. After the Pacific War the pond was drained and used for the cultivation of cereals, the lotus pond was restored in 1949, although much of it was again accidentally drained in 1968 during work on a new subway line. Inspired, Matsuo Bashō wrote cloud of blossoms - is the bell from Ueno or Asakusa. Ueno Park is home to a number of museums, the very words in Japanese for museum as well as for art were coined in the Meiji period to capture Western concepts after the Iwakura Mission and other early visits to North America and Europe. The Tokyo National Museum was founded in 1872 after the first exhibition by the Museum Department of the new Ministry of Education, in the same year the Ministry of Education Museum opened, now the National Museum of Nature and Science
15.
Tokyo National Museum
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The Tokyo National Museum, or TNM, established in 1872, is the oldest Japanese national museum, the largest art museum in Japan and one of the largest art museums in the world. The museum collects, houses, and preserves a collection of art works and archaeological objects of Asia. The museum holds over 110,000 objects, which includes 87 Japanese National Treasure holdings and 610 Important Cultural Property holdings, the museum also conducts research and organizes educational events related to its collection. The museum is located inside Ueno Park in Taitō, Tokyo, the facilities consist of the Honkan, Tōyōkan, Hyōkeikan, Heiseikan, Hōryū-ji Hōmotsukan, as well as Shiryōkan, and other facilities. There are restaurants and shops within the premises, as well as outdoor exhibitions. The museums collections focus on ancient Japanese art and Asian art along the Silk Road, There is also a large collection of Greco-Buddhist art. All information is provided in Japanese, Chinese, English, French, German, Korean, the museum came into being in 1872, when the first exhibition was held by the Museum Department of the Ministry of Education at the Taiseiden Hall. This marked the inauguration of the first museum in Japan, soon after the opening, the museum moved to Uchiyamashita-cho, then in 1882 moved again to the Ueno Park, where it stands today. Since its establishment, the museum has experienced major challenges such as the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923, in more than the 120 years of its history, the museum has gone under much evolution and transformation through organizational reforms and administrative change. The museum went through name changes, being called the Imperial Museum in 1886. 1882—The museum was moves to its present location, a formerly occupied by the headquarters of the Kanei-ji Temple in Ueno. 1889—The Imperial Household Ministry accepts control of Museum collections, and the institution is renamed the Imperial Museum, 1900—The museum is renamed Tokyo Imperial Household Museum. 1923—The museums main building is damaged in the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, 1925—Objects in the Nature division are transferred to the Tokyo Museum of the Ministry of Education, now renamed the National Science Museum. 1938—The museums new building is opened. 1947—The Ministry of Education accepts responsibility for Museum collections, and institution is renamed the National Museum, 1978—The Hyokeikan building is designated an Important Cultural Property. 1999—The Gallery of Horyu-ji Treasures and the Heisei-kan buildings are opened, 2001—The museum is renamed Tokyo National Museum of the Independent Administrative Institution National Museum. 2001—The Hon-kan building is designated an Important Cultural Property, 2005—The IAI National Museum is expanded with addition of Kyushu National Museum. It was severely damaged in the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, in contrast to the original buildings more Western style, the design of the present main building by Jin Watanabe is the more nativist Imperial Crown style
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National Museum of Western Art
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The National Museum of Western Art is the premier public art gallery in Japan specializing in art from the Western tradition. The Museum is located in the museum and zoo complex in Ueno Park in Taito and this popular Tokyo museum is also known by the English acronym NMWA. The NMWA was established on June 10,1959, the museum developed around the core art collection of Matsukata Kojiro, whose thinking is mirrored in the museum he anticipated. Matsukatas acquisition strategies were designed to create the nucleus of what he hoped would become a national museum specializing in Western art. The museum exhibits works from the Renaissance to the early 20th century, the museums purpose is to provide the public with opportunities to appreciate Western art. The museum is involved in the development and organization of a special exhibition every year and these exhibitions feature works on loan from private collections and museums both in and out of Japan. In 1963, NMWA created a splash on the art scene by bringing together 450 works by Marc Chagall. NMWA has purchased art work every year since its establishment in its efforts to build, the museum houses about 4,500 works, including examples of painting and sculpture from the 14th through the beginning of the 20th century. Many of these paintings are religious paintings featuring imagery from Christianity, paintings, 19th-20th century The New Wing displays 19th- to early 20th-century French paintings, including works by Delacroix, Courbet, Manet, Renoir, Monet, Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Moreau. The galleries also feature works by the generation of artists, such as Marquet, Picasso, Soutin, Ernst, Miró, Dubuffet. Drawings The NMWA drawing collection centers on works by such 18th- to 19th-century French artists as Boucher, Fragonard, Delacroix, Moreau, Rodin, and Cézanne. Prints The prints collection features works by Dürer, Holbein, Rembrandt, Callot, Piranesi, Goya, and Klinger, ranging from the 15th century through the early 20th century. The Union Catalog of the Collections of the National Art Museums, Japan is a catalog of material held by the four Japanese national art museums, The National Museum of Modern Art. The Main Building was designed by the Swiss architect Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris, the multi-story, reinforced concrete building was completed in March 1959 as a symbol of the resumption of diplomatic ties between Japan and France after World War II. The museum was built to house the collection of works gathered by the industrialist Matsukata Kojiro between 1920 and 1923 and his collection had remained in England and France until after World War II when the Japanese Government asked France for its return to Japan. After France stipulated that a French architect should design the museum that would house the collection, Le Corbusier was selected for this task. Le Corbusier designed a masterplan to include the surrounding the museum. The design itself evolved into a building far exceeding the original brief and the library, a lecture hall
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Ueno Zoo
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The Ueno Zoo is a 14. 3-hectare zoo, managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and located in Taitō, Tokyo, Japan. It is Japans oldest zoo, opening on March 20,1882 and it is a five-minute walk from the Park Exit of Ueno Station, with convenient access from Tokyos public-transportation network. The Ueno Zoo Monorail, the first monorail in the country, the zoo is in Ueno Park, a large urban park that is home to museums, a small amusement park, and other attractions. The zoo started life as an attached to the National Museum of Natural History. In 1881, responsibility for this menagerie was handed to naturalist and civil servant Tanaka Yoshio, the ground was originally estate of the imperial family, but was bestowed to the municipal government in 1924 — along with Ueno Park — on the occasion of crown prince Hirohitos wedding. Requests by the staff at the zoo for a reprieve, or to evacuate the animals elsewhere, were refused, the animals were executed primarily by poisoning, strangulation or by simply placing the animals on starvation diets. A memorial service was held for the animals in September 1943, the zoo provides animals an environment similar to the natural habitat. In recent years, the cages of the past have been replaced with modern habitats, such as the Gorilla Woods. The zoo is home to more than 3.000 individuals representing over 400 species, the Sumatran tiger, and western lowland gorilla head the list of the zoos population. Ueno has more species on exhibition than any other zoo in Japan, the zoo is also home to zebras, Japanese macaques, red-crowned cranes, white-tailed eagles and king penguins, along with goats, sheep, pigs, llamas, ostriches, and rabbits. At some point, redistribution of the animals among Tokyos other zoos left Ueno without a lion, however, in response to public demand, Ueno borrowed a female from the Yokohama Municipal Zoo. After the death of Giant panda Ling Ling in 2008, Ueno Zoo was without a member of species for the first time since 1972. Two new giant pandas arrived from the Chinese Wolong Nature Reserve in February 2011, the male panda, Billy was renamed in Ueno to Līlī to emphasize his playful vitality. The females name Siennyu was changed to Shinshin, referring to purity, the new names were based on a public poll. The final choices picked by the zoo were, however, not among top choices, reduplication is very common in panda names. Faithful Elephants, story of the elephants in the zoo during World War II Itoh, Japanese Wartime Zoo Policy, The Silent Victims of World War II. Media related to Ueno Zoo at Wikimedia Commons Official website
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Tokyo University of the Arts
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Tokyo University of the Arts or Geidai is an art school in Japan. Located in Ueno Park, it also has facilities in Toride, Ibaraki, Yokohama, Kanagawa, the university owns two halls of residence, one in Adachi, Tokyo, and the other in Matsudo, Chiba. The university was formed in 1949 by the merger of the Tokyo School of Fine Arts, originally male-only, the schools began to admit women in 1946. The graduate school opened in 1963, and began offering degrees in 1977. After the National University Corporations were formed on April 1,2004, on April 1,2008, the university changed its English name from Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music to Tokyo University of the Arts. Schneider Takashi Shimizu Kanzan Shimomura Masaaki Suzuki Toru Takahashi Kōun Takamura Kenji Watanabe Yoshiaki Watanabe Koji Yamamoto List of National Treasures of Japan Official website
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Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon
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Shinkansen
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The Shinkansen is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan operated by five Japan Railways Group companies. The nickname bullet train is used in English for these high-speed trains. The maximum operating speed is 320 km/h, test runs have reached 443 km/h for conventional rail in 1996, and up to a world record 603 km/h for maglev trains in April 2015. Shinkansen literally means new trunk line, referring to the rail line network. The name Superexpress, initially used for Hikari trains, was retired in 1972 but is used in English-language announcements. The original Tōkaidō Shinkansen, connecting the largest cities of Tokyo, carrying 151 million passengers per year, and at over 5 billion total passengers it has transported more passengers than any other high-speed line in the world. The service on the line operates much larger trains and at higher frequency than most other high speed lines in the world. At peak times, the line carries up to thirteen trains per hour in direction with sixteen cars each with a minimum headway of three minutes between trains. While the Shinkansen network has been expanding, Japans declining population is expected to cause ridership to decline over time, the recent expansion in tourism has boosted ridership marginally. Japan was the first country to build dedicated railway lines for high-speed travel, because of the mountainous terrain, the existing network consisted of 1,067 mm narrow-gauge lines, which generally took indirect routes and could not be adapted to higher speeds. Consequently, Japan had a greater need for new high-speed lines than countries where the standard gauge or broad gauge rail system had more upgrade potential. Other significant people responsible for its development were Tadanao Miki, Tadashi Matsudaira. They were responsible for much of the development of the first line. All three had worked on aircraft design during World War II, the popular English name bullet train is a literal translation of the Japanese term dangan ressha, a nickname given to the project while it was initially being discussed in the 1930s. The name stuck because of the original 0 Series Shinkansens resemblance to a bullet and these plans were abandoned in 1943 as Japans position in World War II worsened. However, some construction did commence on the line, several tunnels on the present-day Shinkansen date to the war-era project, by the mid-1950s the Tōkaidō Line was operating at full capacity, and the Ministry of Railways decided to revisit the Shinkansen project. In 1957, Odakyu Electric Railway introduced its 3000 series SE Romancecar train and this train gave designers the confidence that they could safely build an even faster standard gauge train. Thus the first Shinkansen, the 0 series, was built on the success of the Romancecar, in the 1950s, the Japanese national attitude was that railways would soon be outdated and replaced by air travel and highways as in America and many countries in Europe
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Tokyo Station
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Tokyo Station is a railway station in the Marunouchi business district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan, near the Imperial Palace grounds and the Ginza commercial district. Served by Shinkansen high-speed rail lines, Tokyo Station is the intercity rail terminal in Tokyo. It is the busiest station in Japan in terms of number of trains per day, and it is also served by many regional commuter lines of Japan Railways, as well as the Tokyo Metro network. It is also possible to walk to the Nijūbashimae, Hibiya, Yūrakuchō, Ginza, and Higashi-ginza Stations completely underground, but these stations can usually be reached more quickly by train. Tokyo Station is also an intercity bus terminal, with regular midday service to several cities in the Kantō region and overnight service to the Kansai. The main station façade on the side of the station is brick-built. The main station consists of 10 island platforms serving 20 tracks, the main concourse runs east-west below the platforms. The Shinkansen lines are on the east side of the station, the whole complex is linked by an extensive system of underground passageways which merge with surrounding commercial buildings and shopping centres. Originally, lines 3 through 10 were numbered as lines 1 through 8 and additional lines were numbered sequentially from west to east through the opening of the Tokaido Shinkansen in 1964. Lines 9 through 13 were used for the Tokaido Main Line and Yokosuka Line but were removed in 1988, the current Chuo Main Line platform opened in 1995 as lines 1 and 2, and other lines were renumbered accordingly, leaving lines 10 and 11 unused. The current line numbering became effective in 1997, when one of the Tokaido Main Line platforms was repurposed for the Joetsu Shinkansen as lines 20 and 21, the existing Tohoku Shinkansen platforms were simultaneously renumbered as 22 and 23. In 1889, a Tokyo municipal committee drew up plans for a railway line connecting the Tōkaidō Main Line terminal at Shinbashi to the Nippon Railway terminal at Ueno. The Imperial Diet resolved in 1896 to construct a new station on line called Central Station. Construction was delayed due to the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War, the three-story station building was designed by architect Tatsuno Kingo as a restrained celebration of Japans costly victory in the Russo-Japanese War. The building is rumored to be fashioned after Amsterdam Centraal railway station in the Netherlands. Terunobu Fujimori, a scholar of Western architecture, denies the rumor, Tokyo Station opened on December 20,1914 with four platforms, two serving electric trains and two serving non-electric trains. The Chūō Main Line extension to the station was completed in 1919, during this early era, the station only had gates on the Marunouchi side, with the north side serving as an exit and the south side serving as an entrance. In 1921, Prime Minister Hara Takashi was assassinated at the south gates, the Yaesu side of the station opened in 1929
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Keisei Main Line
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The Keisei Main Line is a railway line of Japanese private railway company Keisei Electric Railway connecting Tokyo and Narita, Japan. It is the line of Keiseis railway network. Built as an interurban between Tokyo and Narita in early 20th century, the line has served as an access route to Narita International Airport since 1978. It also serves cities along the line such as Funabashi, Narashino. In 2010, the Narita Sky Access opened as a bypass of the line, skyliner The airport access train connecting Keisei Ueno and Narita Airport Terminal 1 runs on the Main Line between Keisei Ueno and Keisei Takasago. Between Keisei Takasago and Narita Airport Terminal 1, it runs on the Narita Sky Access Line, Runs the entire length of the route in 44 minutes. All trains call at Keisei Ueno, Nippori, Narita Airport Terminal 2·3, cityliner From Keisei Ueno to Keisei Narita. Trains call at Nippori, Aoto, Keisei Funabashi, and Keisei Narita, morningliner Runs only in the morning. Calls at Narita Airport Terminal 1, Narita Airport Terminal 2·3, Keisei Narita, Keisei Sakura, Yachiyodai, Keisei Funabashi, Aoto, Nippori, eveningliner Runs only in the evening. Calls at Keisei Ueno, Nippori, Aoto, Keisei Funabashi, Yachiyodai, Keisei Sakura, Keisei Narita, Narita Airport Terminal 2·3, and Narita Airport Terminal 1. Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Narita Airport Terminal 1, Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Narita Airport Terminal 1. Runs during morning and evening times only, Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Hokusō, Narita Airport Terminal 1 or Shibayama Chiyoda. Same as Limited Express except that it doesnt stop at Osakura, Keisei Shisui, Sogosando, Runs only from the late morning to the early evening. Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Hokusō, Narita Airport Terminal 1 or Shibayama Chiyoda, commuter Express Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Narita Airport Terminal 1 or Shibayama Chiyoda. Runs only in the morning and evenings, calls at Limited Express stops west of Katsutadai and local stops east of there. Rapid Runs from Keisei Ueno or Oshiage Line to Narita Airport Terminal 1 or Shibayama Chiyoda, calls at Keisei Ueno, Nippori, Senjuōhashi, Aoto, Keisei Takasago, Keisei Koiwa, Keisei Yawata, Higashi-Nakayama, Keisei Funabashi, Funabashikeibajō and Keisei Tsudanuma, then all stations. Local Sometimes called interchangeably as Kakueki-Teisha, no Express trains run on the Keisei Main Line from the timetable revision on July 17,2010. Until the revision, it ran only between Aoto and Takasago on through services to other Keisei lines, legend ●, All trains stop │, All trains pass ◇, Some limited express trains stop when horse racing is held in Nakayama Racecourse
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Narita Airport Terminal 1 Station
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Narita Airport Terminal 1 Station is an underground train station located beneath Terminal 1 of Narita International Airport in Narita, Chiba, Japan. The station is shared between East Japan Railway Company and the railway operator Keisei Electric Railway. The JR East portion of the station has one island platform, the Keisei portion of the station has two island platforms, one serves one track and the other serves two. Each of the two tracks of the latter has two positions for trains, which are separately numbered, on 17 July 2010, the Keisei Line platforms and concourses were segregated, one portion is for Narita Sky Access Line trains and the other portion for Keisei Main Line trains. Passengers not using the Narita Sky Access Line must pass through a ticket barrier prior to entering the platforms. The purpose for this is to enforce the separate fare structure that will be in place for Narita Sky Access trains, the station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office. Originally built for the planned Narita Shinkansen, the station opened on 19 March 1991, before this, there was also a station named Narita Airport Station, which was served only by Keisei and connected with the airport terminal by bus. The former station was renamed Higashi-Narita Station on the day the present airport station was opened. On 17 July 2010, the same day that Skyliner trains began operations on the Narita Sky Access Line. For details, see Station layout section above, list of railway stations in Japan JR East, Narita Airport Terminal 1 Station information JR East, Narita Airport Terminal 1 Station guide map Keisei, Narita Airport Terminal 1 Station map
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Waka (poetry)
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Waka is a type of poetry in classical Japanese literature. Waka are composed in Japanese, and are contrasted with poetry composed by Japanese poets in Classical Chinese, although waka in modern Japanese is written as 和歌, in the past it was also written as 倭歌, and a variant name is yamato-uta. As a result, the word waka became effectively synonymous with tanka, tanka consist of five lines of 5-7-5-7-7 on or syllabic units. Therefore, tanka is sometimes called Misohitomoji, meaning it contains 31 syllables in total. The term waka originally encompassed a number of differing forms, principally tanka and chōka and these last three forms, however, fell into disuse at the beginning of the Heian period, and chōka vanished soon afterwards. Thus, the term came in time to refer only to tanka. Chōka consist of 5-7 on phrases repeated at least twice,802, which is of a pattern 5-7 5-7 5-7 5-7-7. Since then, the term waka came to be almost synonymous with tanka. Famous examples of works are the diaries of Ki no Tsurayuki and Izumi Shikibu, as well as such collections of poem tales as The Tales of Ise. Lesser forms of waka featured in the Manyōshū and other ancient sources exist, besides that, there were many other forms like, Bussokusekika, This form carved on a slab of slate – the Buddha footprint or bussokuseki – at the Yakushi-ji temple in Nara. Sedōka, The Manyōshū and Kokinshū recorded this form, katauta, The Manyōshū recorded this form. Waka has a history, first recorded in the early 8th century in the Kojiki. In literary historian Donald Keenes books, he uses four large categories, Early, the most ancient waka were recorded in the historical record the Kojiki and the 20 volumes of the Manyōshū, the oldest surviving waka anthology. The editor of the Manyōshū is anonymous, but it is believed that the editor was Ōtomo no Yakamochi. He was a poet who belonged to the youngest generation represented in the anthology, indeed. The first waka of volume 1 was by Emperor Ōjin, nukata no Ōkimi, Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, Yamabe no Akahito, Yamanoue no Okura, Ōtomo no Tabito and his son Yakamochi were the greatest poets in this anthology. The Manyōshū recorded not only the works of the royalty and nobility, the main topics of the Manyōshū were love, sadness, and other miscellaneous topics. But in the 9th century, Japan stopped sending official envoys to Tang dynasty China and it was presented to the emperor in 905. Rise of Japanese national culture The first three chokusenshū The first three imperially-commissioned waka anthologies were the Kokin Wakashū, the Gosen Wakashū and the Shūi Wakashū
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Takuboku Ishikawa
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Takuboku Ishikawa was a Japanese poet. 1886 - Born at Joko Temple, Hinoto-mura, Minami-Iwate-gun, Iwate Prefecture, to Ittei, the father, who was the priest of the temple, and Katsu, First and second issues of “Choji Magazine” were published. Fell in love with Setsuko Horiai who was a student at Morioka Girls’ Middle School. 1901 - Published the third issue of “Mikazuki”, a magazine for circulating, and the first issue of “Nigitama. ”His tankas appeared on Iwate Nippo under the pen name of “Suiko”, the first public appearance of his works. 1902 - His tankas appeared on “Myōjō”, a literary magazine, dropped out of Morioka Middle School because of his aspiration for literature. Went to Tokyo and made the acquaintances of Tekkan and Akiko Yosano,1903 - Went home to Shibutami. Serial articles “Ideas of Wagner” appeared on Iwate Nippo, poem ”Shucho” was appeared on “Myōjō”. The pen name of “Takuboku” was used for the first time, in November, joined the circle of poets “Shinshisha”. 1904 - Serial articles “Senun Yoroku” appeared on Iwate Nippo and this was right after the outbreak of Russo-Japanese War. 1905 - The first collection of poems “Akogare” was published by Odajima Shobo,1906 - Became a substitute teacher at Shibutami Upper Elementary School. Novel “Kumo wa Tensai dearu” was written, which was never published during his lifetime, novel “Soretsu” appeared on literary magazine “Myōjō”. 1907 - Became a substitute teacher at Hakodate Yayoi Elementary School, there at the Hakodate Yayoi Elementary School, he met Chieko Tachibana, who he was instantly awestruck by her beauty. Later despite efforts to visit Chieko in her home in Sapporo, to pursue courtship, because of the great fire in Hakodate, he lost both jobs and left Hakodate. Employed at places like Hokumon Shinpo or Otaru Nippo 1908 - Employed at Kushiro Shinbun, Moved to Hongo, Tokyo in spring. 1909 - Employed at Asahi Shinbun as a proof reader, issued literary magazine “Subaru” as a publisher. 1910 - First collection of tankas “Ichiaku-no-Suna” was published by Shinonome-do Shoten,1911 - Moved to Koishikawa because of health reasons. 1912 - In March, his mother Katsu died and he himself died of tuberculosis on April 13, being looked after by his friend Bokusui Wakayama and his wife Setsuko, at age of 27. After his death, his collection of tankas “Kanashiki Gangu” was published by Shinonome-do Shoten
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Hard Rock Cafe
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Hard Rock Cafe International, Inc. is a chain of theme restaurants founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London. In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, in 2007, Hard Rock was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and since then it is headquartered in Orlando, Florida. As of December 2015, there were 191 Hard Rock locations in 59 countries, including 168 cafes,23 hotels, and 11 casinos. The first Hard Rock Cafe opened on June 14,1971 at Gloucester House, Piccadilly, London, under the ownership of young Americans Peter Morton, Hard Rock initially had an eclectic decor but it later started to display memorabilia. The chain began to expand worldwide in 1982 with locations in Toronto, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Paris, Hard Rock Cafe locations in the United States vary from smaller, more tourist driven markets to large metropolises. Hard Rock Cafe typically does not franchise cafe locations in the United States, all US cafes are corporate owned and operated, except for cafes in Tampa and Four Winds New Buffalo casino. However, in the transition of the Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel property originally owned, Morton retained hotel naming rights west of the Mississippi. When Morton sold his Las Vegas Hard Rock Hotel to the Morgans Hotel Group, he sold those naming rights. The Albuquerque hotel no longer pays for the Hard Rock rights, more hotels franchised from Morgans are planned for Sioux City and Vancouver. In 1990, The Rank Group, a London-based leisure company, acquired Mecca Leisure Group, Rank went on to purchase Hard Rock America from Peter Morton as well as Hard Rock Canada from Nick Bitove. After the completion of these acquisitions, Rank gained worldwide control of the brand, in March 2007, the Seminole Tribe of Florida acquired Hard Rock Cafe International, Inc. and other related entities from Rank for US$965 million. Most customers, it was argued, do not realize that they are subsidizing a low wage when they give the tip, HRC is known for its collection of rock and roll memorabilia. The collection began in 1979 with an un-signed Red Fender Lead II guitar from Eric Clapton, Clapton wanted management to hang the guitar over his regular seat in order to lay claim to that spot, and they obliged. This prompted Pete Townshend of The Who to give one of his guitars, Hard Rocks archive includes over 80,000 items, and is the largest private collection of Rock and Roll memorabilia in the world. Marquee pieces from the collection were displayed in a Hard Rock museum named The Vault in Orlando. After the closure, items were disbursed to various restaurant locations, the London Vault remains open and free to visitors, located in the retail Rock Shop of the original cafe. In 2005, Deep Purple launched its new album Rapture of the Deep in Hard Rock Cafe London and this show at the release party itself was released as a DVD. The Hard Rock Café is also in possession of a Bedford VAL6 axle coach used in the 1967 film The Beatles Magical Mystery Tour, the vehicle was completely refurbished after filming
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Island platform
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An island platform is a station layout arrangement where a single platform is positioned between two tracks within a railway station, tram stop or transitway interchange. Island platforms are popular on twin-track routes due to pragmatic and cost-effective reasons, an alternative arrangement is to position side platforms on either side of the tracks. The historical use of island platforms depends greatly upon the location, the island platform layout is a popular, cost-effective and practical solution in modern railway systems. Island platforms allow facilities such as escalators, elevators, shops, toilets and this is essential for wheelchair accessible stations. An island platform makes it easier for users and the infirm to change services between tracks. Additionally, an island platform layout eliminates the need to construct a crossover or subway between two platforms, however, island platforms may become overcrowded, especially at busy stations, and this can lead to safety issues such as Clapham Common and Angel on the London Underground. However, for the tracks to diverge around the platform, extra width is required along the right-of-way on each approach to the station. Track centers vary for rail systems throughout the world but are normally 3 to 5 meters, if the island platform is 6 meters wide, the tracks have to slew out by the same distance. While this is not a problem on a new line that is being constructed, in addition, a single island platform makes it quite difficult to have through tracks, which are usually between the local tracks. A common configuration in busy locations on high speed lines is a pair of island platforms, high-speed trains can therefore pass straight through the station, while slow trains pass around the platforms. This arrangement also allows the station to serve as a point where trains can be passed by faster trains. The purpose of this design was to reduce unnecessary passenger congestion at a station with a high volume of passengers. Many of the stations on the Great Central Railway were constructed in this form and this was because the line was planned to connect to a Channel Tunnel. Island platforms are a normal sight on Indian railway stations. Almost all railway stations in India consist of island platforms, in Toronto,29 subway stations use island platforms. A slight disadvantage is that crossovers have to be rather long, in southern New Jersey and Philadelphia, PATCO uses island platforms in all of its 13 stations, to facilitate one-person train operation. Most elevated stations in Singapores Mass Rapid Transit system use island platforms, the exception is Dover MRT Station, which uses side platforms as it is built on an existing rail line. The planned Canberra MRT Station will also use side platforms, as it also be built on an existing rail line
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Platform screen doors
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Platform screen doors and platform edge doors at train or subway stations screen the platform from the train. They are a new addition to many metro systems around the world. They are widely used in newer Asian and European metro systems, the first stations in the world with platform screen doors are ten stations in the Saint Petersburg Metros Line 2 that opened between 1961 and 1972. The platform doors are actually openings in the wall, which support the ceiling of the platform. The track tunnels adjoining the ten island platforms were built with tunnel boring machines. Usually, TBMs bore the tunnels between stations, while the station vaults are dug out manually and contain both the tracks and the platform. These openings were covered with doors in order to prevent people from falling into the gaps between the walls. In 1987, the Singapore MRT was the first system in the world to install glass PSDs based on safety reasons, although the terms are often used interchangeably, platform screen doors can refer to both full-height and half-height barriers. The half-screen doors are only half of the height of the full-screen doors. These two types of screen doors are presently the main types in the world. These doors help to, Prevent accidental falls off the platform onto the track area, suicide attempts. Improve climate control within the station, improve security — access to the tracks and tunnels is restricted. Lower costs — eliminate the need for motormen or conductors when used in conjunction with Automatic Train Operation, Prevent litter build up on the track, which can be a fire risk. Improve the sound quality of platform announcements, as noise from the tunnels. Their primary disadvantage is their cost, installing a system typically costs several million USD per station and they also impede natural ventilation, increasing climate control costs. The doors also pose their own safety risks, the primary risk is that people may be trapped between the platform doors and the train carriage, and be subsequently crushed when the train begins to move. Cases of this happening are rare, and may depend upon door design, like full-height platform screen doors, these platform gates slide open or close simultaneously with the train doors. Half-height platform gates are cheaper to install platform screen doors
29.
Tabata Station (Tokyo)
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Tabata Station is a railway station in Kita, Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company. Tabata Station is served by the circular Yamanote Line and Keihin-Tohoku Line, the station consists of two island platforms serving four tracks, with the Yamanote Line tracks on the inside, and Keihin-Tōhoku Line tracks on the outside. There is a south and an exit from the station. Chest-high platform edge doors were installed on the Yamanote Line platforms in January 2015, tabata Station opened on 1 April 1896. With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East, the station was rebuilt between 2005 and August 2008. In fiscal 2013, the station was used by an average of 45,116 passengers daily, the passenger figures for previous years are as shown below. Tabata Memorial Museum of Writers and Artists Tokyo Womens Medical University List of railway stations in Japan JR East station information
30.
Akabane Station
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Akabane Station is a railway station in Kita, Tokyo, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company. Akabane Station is served by the following lines, Tōhoku Main Line Takasaki Line Keihin-Tōhoku Line Shōnan-Shinjuku Line Saikyō Line The station consists of four elevated island platforms serving eight tracks. The tracks of the Tōhoku Shinkansen also cross this station, above the Saikyō Line platforms, the station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office and a View Plaza travel agency. Akabane Station opened on 1 March 1885, in fiscal 2013, the station was used by an average of 89,742 passengers daily, making it the 47th-busiest station operated by JR East. The passenger figures for years are as shown below
31.
Minami-Urawa Station
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Minami-Urawa Station is a railway station on the Musashino Line in Minami-ku, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company. Minami-Urawa Station is served by the Keihin-Tōhoku Line linking Saitama Prefecture with central Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture, many Keihin-Tōhoku services originate and terminate at this station. The station is located 31.7 kilometers from Fuchūhommachi Station on the Musashino Line, the station building is elevated and is located on a mezzanine level in between the two sets of platforms. The station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office, the station opened on July 1,1961 on the Keihin-Tōhoku Line. The Musashino Line platforms opened on April 1,1973 when passenger services on the line started. A widely reported incident occurred at the station about 9,15 a. m. on July 22,2013, about 40 bystanders helped station staff push against the side of the train so that the woman could be safely extricated. A member of the staff began pushing the train after the woman fell into the gap. The woman was not seriously injured, in fiscal 2014, the station was used by an average of 58,048 passengers daily. The passenger figures for years are as shown below. List of railway stations in Japan JR East station information
32.
Ikebukuro Station
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With 2.71 million passengers on an average daily in 2007, it is the second-busiest railway station in the world, and the busiest station in the Tobu, Seibu, and Tokyo Metro networks. It primarily serves commuters from Saitama Prefecture and other residential areas northwest of the city centre and it is the Tokyo terminal of the Seibu Ikebukuro Line and the Tobu Tojo Line. Seibu Ikebukuro Line Tobu Tojo Line Ikebukuro Station has two entrances, the East exit and the West exit. There are a number of other secondary entrances such as the JR North exit, the various Seibu exits, the JR lines run north/south through the center. The Tobu platforms are to the northwest and the Seibu platforms are to the southeast, both Tobu and Seibu operate department stores adjacent to their terminal stations. The Marunouchi Line and Yurakucho Line run east/west two stories underground, while the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line is four stories underground to the west of the station complex. The latter line runs south toward Shinjuku and Shibuya along Meiji-dori, Tokyo Metros Echika underground mall is also located inside the station. Chest-high platform edge doors were introduced on the Yamanote Line platforms on 2 March 2013, the Tobu station has three terminating tracks served by platforms 1 to 5, arranged as shown in the diagram on the right. Platforms 3 and 5 are normally used for disembarking passengers, although platform 5 is also used for boarding the evening TJ Liner services. There are three sets of ticket barriers giving access to the platforms, the South Gate at ground level, platforms 1,4, and 6 are normally used for disembarking passengers only. This station consists of three island platforms for the Marunouchi Line, Yurakucho Line, and Fukutoshin Line. The Tokyo Metro platforms are equipped with platform edge doors. The station was opened on April 1,1903 by the Japanese Government Railways, the Tōjō Railway Line station opened on 1 May 1914 with the opening of the 33.5 km line to Tanomosawa in Saitama Prefecture. As the Tokyo terminus of the line was planned to be at Shimo-Itabashi. Tobu opened a department store adjoining its station on 29 May 1962, around the same time, the Tobu station platforms were expanded with three tracks. In June 2008, the Tobu station ticket barriers were colour-coded into three zones, North, Central, and South, chest-height platform edge doors were installed on the Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line platforms in January 2011. The figures below are the number of passengers entering and exiting each day released by each train operator. Annual passenger figures for the station between fiscal 1903 and 1965 are as shown below, note that the figures only consider boarding passengers and a blank indicates that no data is available
33.
Shinjuku Station
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Shinjuku Station is a major railway station in Shinjuku and Shibuya wards in Tokyo, Japan. The station itself has 36 platforms, including an arcade, above ground arcade. There are well over 200 exits, another 17 platforms can be accessed through hallways to 5 directly connected stations without surfacing outside. These consist of eight island platforms on a north-south axis. The JR section alone handles an average of 1.5 million passengers a day, the terminus for the private Odakyu Odawara Line is parallel to the JR platforms on the west side, and handles an average of 490,000 passengers daily. This is a commuter route stretching southwest through the suburbs and out towards the coastal city of Odawara. The ten platforms are built on two levels beneath the Odakyu department store, three express service tracks on the level and two tracks on the level below. Each track has platforms on both sides in order to separate boarding and alighting passengers. Chest-high platform screen doors were added to platforms 4 and 5 in September 2012, the Keio Line concourse is located to the west of the Odakyu line concourse, two floors below ground level under Keio department store. It consists of three platforms stretching north to south, approximately 720,000 passengers use this section daily, which makes it the busiest amongst the non-JR Group railways of Japan. This suburban commuter line links Shinjuku to the city of Hachiōji to the west, chest-high platform edge doors were introduced on the Keio Line platforms in March 2014. The doors are different colours for each platform, the doors on platform 2 are green. The concourse is managed by Keio Corporation but is in a location to the main Keio platforms. Further south are the two north-to-south Toei Ōedo subway line platforms, Tokyo Metros two Marunouchi Line underground platforms stretch east-west to the north of the JR and Odakyu facilities, directly below the Metro Promenade underground mall. Many department stores and shopping malls are built directly into the station, the Metro Promenade in turn connects to Shinjuku Subnade, another underground shopping mall, which leads onto Seibu Railways Seibu-Shinjuku station. On April 4,2016, the new bus terminal and commercial facilities nearby south exit, named Busta Shinjuku, considerable numbers of the coaches and the airport buses depart from this new terminal. The figures below are the number of passengers entering and exiting each day released by each train operator. The figure for JR East only includes entering passengers, the passenger figures for the JR East station in previous years are as shown below
34.
Shinagawa Station
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Shinagawa Station is a major railway station in Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company, Central Japan Railway Company, and the private railway operator Keikyu. The Tokaido Shinkansen and other trains to the Miura Peninsula, Izu Peninsula, despite its name, it is not located in Shinagawa Ward but just to the north in Minato Ward. This station is just south of a large complex consisting of Shinagawa Carriage Sidings, Shinagawa Locomotive Depot. The main JR station concourse is situated above the platforms running east-west across the breadth of the station, a freely traversable walkway divides the station into two sections. The southerly section contains a number of shops and market-style stalls which form the station complex. Cross-platform interchange between the Yamanote and Keihin-Tohoku lines is available from the next station, Tamachi. The Keikyu platforms are on the side of the station at a higher level than the JR platforms. Some Keikyu trains terminate at Shinagawa while others continue on to join the Toei Asakusa Line at Sengakuji, the Shinkansen platforms were opened on October 1,2003, to relieve congestion at Tokyo Station. Platforms are on the east side of the station and this line is a part of the Tōkaidō Main Line. Nothing remains of the original structure, later on March 1,1885, the Yamanote Line started operation. Takanawa station of the Keikyu Line opened on March 11,1924 across the street from Shinagawa station, takanawa station was renamed Shinagawa station and moved to the current site on April 1,1933. In fiscal 2013, the JR East station was used by an average of 335,661 passengers daily, the passenger figures for previous years are as shown below. List of railway stations in Japan Transport in Greater Tokyo Shinagawa Station information Shinagawa Station information Shinagawa Station information
35.
Kawasaki Station
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Kawasaki Station is a railway station in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company. Kawasaki Station is served by the following JR East lines, the station has three island platforms serving six tracks. The Nambu Railway, which became the Nambu Line, opened on March 9,1927. Kawasaki City Tram operated a 6. 7-kilometre long line from its Shiden Kawasaki terminal in front of station to the now-closed Shiohama Station from 1944 to 1969. In fiscal 2014, the JR East station was used by an average of 204,153 passengers daily, the passenger figures for previous years are as shown below. Connected to the west side of the station is the Lazona Kawasaki Plaza shopping mall, connected to the east of the station is the Kawasaki BE shopping complex. There are also other commercial establishments around the station, including More-s Department Store, Yodobashi Camera. Keikyu Kawasaki Station, operated by the railway operator Keikyu is located to the northeast. The basement area of the adjoining Mores department store is home to what is dubbed the worlds shortest escalator, list of railway stations in Japan JR East station information
36.
Yokohama Station
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Yokohama Station is a major interchange railway station in Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan. It is the busiest station in Kanagawa Prefecture and the fifth busiest in the world as of 2013, keikyus section consists of platforms 1 to 2, JR East operates platforms 3 to 10. Tokyu Corporation and the Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company share the same underground station located in the 5th underground level of Yokohama Station, the Yokohama Municipal Subway is located on the 3rd basement level, west of the main station. Sagami Railway is a structure to the west of the main station. Yokohama station has three bus terminals, and two bus terminals are located near the station. On July 11,1887, the railway was extended from Yokohama to Kōzu Station, through trains between Shimbashi Station and Kōzu Station required a switchback at Yokohama Station. On August 1,1898, a line bypassing Yokohama Station was opened to avoid the switchback, hiranuma Station had no connection to public transport such as trams, so that major part of the passengers for the city continued to use trains that stopped at Yokohama Station. On August 15,1915, the second Yokohama Station opened close to the present day Takashimachō Station to allow Tōkaidō Main Line trains to call at Yokohama Station, the original Yokohama Station was renamed Sakuragichō Station. JR East uses this date as the date of the current Yokohama Station. The terminal of the Keihin Line had been in Takashimachō since 1914 and was merged to the new station, the government-run electric line was later this year extended to Sakuragichō. On 1 September 1923, the station was destroyed by a fire in the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake, six days later, the station reopened with a temporary building. The city of Yokohama and the Ministry of Railways agreed in February 1924 that the station would be relocated, on May 18,1928, the Tokyo Yokohama Railway extended from its former terminal of Kanagawa Station was connected to the station. The extension line passed through the site of the new Yokohama Station of the government railways. On October 15,1928, the third Yokohama Station opened on the side of the second station. The Tōkaidō Main Line also moved to its current route, which was the route of the line opened in 1898. The government railways and the Toyoko Line shared the station from the beginning, on February 5,1930, the Keihin Electric Railway was connected to the station. On December 27,1933, the Jinchū Railway was connected to the station, on December 9,1957, the north side underground entrance opened. On December 1,1965, the MARS on-line ticket reservation system was introduced at the station, on September 4,1976, the Yokohama City Subway Line No.3 was connected to Yokohama Station
37.
Koga Station (Ibaraki)
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Koga Station is a railway station on the Tōhoku Main Line in Koga, Ibaraki, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company. Koga Station is served by the Tōhoku Main Line, and is located 64.7 kilometers from the point of the line at Tokyo. The station consists of two elevated platforms, with the station building underneath. The station has a Midori no Madoguchi ticket office, Koga Station opened on 16 July 1885. The station was rebuilt with elevated tracks in 1984, on 1 April 1987 the station came under the control of JR East with the privatization of Japanese National Railways. Koga City Hall Koga Post Office Koga History Museum JGSDF Camp Koga List of railway stations in Japan JR East Station information
38.
Oyama Station
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Oyama Station is a railway station in Oyama, Tochigi, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company. Oyama Station is served by the following lines, Tohoku Shinkansen Utsunomiya Line Shonan-Shinjuku Line Mito Line Ryomo Line Most up Shinkansen services use platform 4. Some trains on the Ryomo Line offering through service to Utsunomiya operate from Platform 9, july 16,1885, The station opens on what later becomes the Tohoku Main Line. May 22,1888, The Ryōmō Line opens, january 16,1889, The Mito Line opens. June 23,1982, The Tohoku Shinkansen opens, list of railway stations in Japan Oyama Station information Guide map for Oyama station
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