1.
United States Department of the Army
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The Department of the Army is one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America. The Secretary of the Army is an official appointed by the President. The highest-ranking military officer in the department is the Chief of Staff of the Army, by amendments to the National Security Act of 1947 in 1949, the Department of the Army was transformed to its present-day status. The Department of the Army is a Military Department within the United States Department of Defense, the Department is headed by the Secretary of the Army, who by statute must be a civilian, appointed by the President with the confirmation by the United States Senate. The Department of the Army is divided between its Headquarters at the Seat of Government and the organizations of the Army. Only the Secretary of Defense has the authority to transfer of forces to. The Office of the Secretary and the Army Staff are organized along lines, with civilians. The Army Staff is led by the Chief of Staff of the Army, a general who is the highest-ranking officer in the Army. The Chief of Staff is assisted in managing the Army Staff by the Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Army Staff is divided into several directorates, each headed by a three-star general. A key official within the Army Staff is the Director of the Army Staff, the Director is responsible for integrating and synchronizing the work of the Office of the Secretary and the Army Staff so that they meet the goals and priorities of the Secretary of the Army. Army Regulation 10–87, Accessed on 2011-08-04, Army. mil Department of the Army in the Federal Register HQ DA organization
2.
United States Secretary of the Army
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The Secretary of the Army is nominated by the President and confirmed by the U. S. Senate, the Secretary of the Army is a non-Cabinet position serving under the Secretary of Defense. Robert M. Speer took office as Acting Secretary on January 20,2017 and he will perform his duties until the U. S. Senate confirms a new Army Secretary, Karl M. Schneider will perform the duties of Undersecretary of the Army. Mr. Speer was formerly Assistant Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Army is in effect the chief executive officer of the Department of the Army, and the Chief of Staff of the Army works directly for the Secretary of the Army. The Secretary presents and justifies Army policies, plans, programs, and budgets to the Secretary of Defense, other executive branch officials, the Secretary also communicates Army policies, plans, programs, capabilities, and accomplishments to the public. As necessary, the Secretary convenes meetings with the leadership of the Army to debate issues, provide direction. The Secretary is a member of the Defense Acquisition Board, other offices may be established by law or by the Secretary of the Army. No more than 1,865 officers of the Army on the active-duty list may be assigned or detailed to permanent duty in the Office of the Secretary of the Army and on the Army Staff
3.
President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
4.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
5.
Term of office
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A term of office is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office. Being the origin of the Westminster system, aspects of the United Kingdoms system of government are replicated in other countries. The monarch serves as head of state until his or her death or abdication, in the United Kingdom Members of Parliament in the House of Commons are elected for the duration of the parliament. Following dissolution of the Parliament, an election is held which consists of simultaneous elections for all seats. For most MPs this means that their terms of office are identical to the duration of the Parliament, an MP elected in a by-election mid-way through a Parliament, regardless of how long they have occupied the seat, is not exempt from facing re-election at the next general election. The Septennial Act 1715 provided that a Parliament expired seven years after it had been summoned, prior to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 parliaments had no minimum duration. Parliaments could be dissolved early by the monarch at the Prime Ministers request, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 mandated that Parliaments should last their full five years. Early dissolution is possible, but under much more limited circumstances. Hereditary peers and life peers retain membership of the House of Lords for life, Lords Spiritual hold membership of the House of Lords until the end of their time as bishops, though a senior bishop may be made a life peer upon the end of their bishopric. The devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are variations on the system of government used at Westminster, the office of the leader of the devolved administrations has no numeric term limit imposed upon it. However, in the case of the Scottish Government and the Welsh Assembly Government there are fixed terms for which the legislatures can sit and this is imposed at four years. Elections may be held before this time but only if no administration can be formed, offices of local government other regional elected officials follow similar rules to the national offices discussed above, with persons elected to fixed terms of a few years. Federal judges have different terms in office, however, the majority of the federal judiciary, Article III judges, such as those of the Supreme Court, courts of appeal, and federal district courts, serve for life. The terms of office for officials in state governments according to the provisions of state constitutions. The term for state governors is four years in all states but Vermont and New Hampshire, the National Conference of State Legislatures reported in January 2007 that among state legislatures,44 states had terms of office for the lower house of the state legislature at two years. Five had terms of office at four years,37 states had terms of office for the upper house of the state legislature at four years
6.
William Henry Draper Jr.
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William Henry Draper Jr. was a U. S. army officer, banker, and diplomat. Draper was born in Harlem, New York City, the son of Mary Emma and he received a B. A. and M. A. in economics at New York University. He joined the US Army soon after finishing college and served during World War I as a major in the infantry, after the war, he stayed in the Army Reserves and worked his way up to chief of staff of the 77th Division. He worked in New York City for National City Bank, Bankers Trust Company, in 1937, he was made a vice president of Dillon Read, an investment bank that had promoted the bonds of the Soviet Union after its recognition by the US government in 1933. Dillon Read also underwrote millions of dollars worth of German industrial bonds in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. At the invitation of George Marshall, he moved to Washington, D. C. to serve on the Presidents Advisory Committee for Selective Service, at the start of World War II, he took command of the 136th Infantry, 33rd Division, National Guard. At the end of the war, he was promoted to brigadier-general and was posted to Berlin to serve as chief of the Economics Division, Allied Control Council for Germany from 1945 to 1947. He opposed the Morgenthau Plan, which was designed to prevent a resurgence of German economic and military power by deindustrializing it, instead, he strongly supported measures to expedite Germanys economic recovery along liberal free-market and democratic lines followed by Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard. After a promotion to major-general, Draper was asked by the new Secretary of War Kenneth C, royall to become his Under Secretary of War. With the transition of the Department of War to the Department of the Army, after leaving the army in 1949, he served as Long Island Rail Road trustee from 1950 to 1951. He served as the first US Ambassador to NATO in Paris, after retiring from public service a second time, he traveled to Mexico to serve as chairman of the Mexican Light and Power Company. Returning to the US in 1959, he formed the first West Coast venture capital firm Draper, Gaither and he also cofounded the Population Crisis Committee in 1965 and chaired the Draper Committee. William Henry Draper III is his son and founder of Sutter Hill Ventures, polly Draper is his granddaughter, an actress and a writer, most known for her portrayal on ABCs Thirtysomething. She also created and produced Nickelodeons The Naked Brothers Band, which starred her sons Nat Wolff, timothy C. Draper is his grandson, a venture capitalist who founded Draper Fisher Jurvetson. Oral History Interview with General William H. Draper Jr, time Magazine Topside Teammates January 28,1952
7.
Chief of Staff of the United States Army
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The Chief of Staff of the Army is a statutory office held by a four-star general in the United States Army. As the most senior uniformed officer assigned to serve in the Department of the Army, the CSA is the military advisor. The CSA is typically the officer on active-duty in the U. S. Army unless the Chairman and/or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are Army officers. The Chief of Staff of the Army is a position based in the Pentagon. While the CSA does not have command authority over Army forces proper. The current Chief of Staff of the Army is General Mark A. Milley, the CSA also directs the Inspector General of the Army to perform inspections and investigations as required. In addition, the CSA presides over the Army Staff and represents army capabilities, requirements, policy, plans, under delegation of authority made by the Secretary of the Army, the CSA designates army personnel and army resources to the Commanders of the Combatant Commands. Like the other counterparts, the CSA has no operational command authority over army forces. The CSA is served by a number of Deputy Chiefs of Staff of the Army, such as G-1, Personnel. The CSA base pay is $21,147.30 per month plus Personal Money Allowance of $333.33, basic allowance for subsistence of $253.38, the Chief of Staff of the Army is nominated by the President and must be confirmed by the Senate. By statute, the CSA is appointed as a four-star general, the Chief of Staff of the Army has an official residence, Quarters 1 at Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall, Virginia. The Chief of Staff holds an annual future study program called Unified Quest, prior to 1903, the senior military officer in the army was the Commanding General, who reported to the Secretary of War. The first chief of staff moved his headquarters to Fort Myer in 1908, the rank listed is the rank when serving in the office. Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army Army Staff Senior Warrant Officer Sergeant Major of the Army Bell, appendix B, Chronological List of Senior Officers of the United States Army. Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005, Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Armys Senior Officer, United States Army Center of Military History. Commanding Generals and Chiefs of Staff 1775-2005, Portraits & Biographical Sketches of the United States Armys Senior Officer, United States Army Center of Military History. Chief of Staff, Prewar Plans and Preparations, United States Army in World War II. United States Army Center of Military History, - full text The short film Big Picture, Top Soldier is available for free download at the Internet Archive
8.
Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army
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The Vice Chief of Staff generally handles the day-to-day administration of the Army Staff, freeing the Chief of Staff to attend to the interservice responsibilities of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. By statute, the Vice Chief of Staff is appointed as a general in the United States Army while so serving. The incumbent Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, since August 2014, is General Daniel B, under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of the Army the Vice Chief of Staff assists the Chief of Staff on missions and functions related to their duties. The Vice Chief of Staff also assists the Chief of Staff in the management/oversight of U. S. Army installations, the Vice Chief of Staff is the designated Army representative to the Joint Requirements Oversight Council. If the Chief of Staff is incapacitated or otherwise relieved of duty, the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among the general officers of the Army
9.
United States Army
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
10.
United States Armed Forces
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The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, from the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force and it played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold Wars onset, the U. S. military is one of the largest militaries in terms of number of personnel. It draws its personnel from a pool of paid volunteers. As of 2016, the United States spends about $580.3 billion annually to fund its military forces, put together, the United States constitutes roughly 40 percent of the worlds military expenditures. For the period 2010–14, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute found that the United States was the worlds largest exporter of major arms, the United States was also the worlds eighth largest importer of major weapons for the same period. The history of the U. S. military dates to 1775 and these forces demobilized in 1784 after the Treaty of Paris ended the War for Independence. All three services trace their origins to the founding of the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, the United States President is the U. S. militarys commander-in-chief. Rising tensions at various times with Britain and France and the ensuing Quasi-War and War of 1812 quickened the development of the U. S. Navy, the reserve branches formed a military strategic reserve during the Cold War, to be called into service in case of war. Time magazines Mark Thompson has suggested that with the War on Terror, Command over the armed forces is established in the United States Constitution. The sole power of command is vested in the President by Article II as Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution also allows for the creation of executive Departments headed principal officers whose opinion the President can require. This allowance in the Constitution formed the basis for creation of the Department of Defense in 1947 by the National Security Act, the Defense Department is headed by the Secretary of Defense, who is a civilian and member of the Cabinet. The Defense Secretary is second in the chain of command, just below the President. Together, the President and the Secretary of Defense comprise the National Command Authority, to coordinate military strategy with political affairs, the President has a National Security Council headed by the National Security Advisor. The collective body has only power to the President
11.
National Security Act of 1947
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The National Security Act of 1947 was a major restructuring of the United States governments military and intelligence agencies following World War II. The majority of the provisions of the Act took effect on September 18,1947, the Act merged the Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment, headed by the Secretary of Defense. It also created the Department of the Air Force, which separated the Army Air Forces into its own service and it also protected the Marine Corps as an independent service, under the Department of the Navy, prohibiting it from ever being absorbed into the Army. Aside from the reorganization, the act established the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. The National Security Act of 1947 was a restructuring of the United States governments military. The act and its changes, along with the Truman Doctrine, the bill signing took place aboard Trumans VC-54C presidential aircraft Sacred Cow, the first aircraft used for the role of Air Force One. The majority of the provisions of the Act took effect on September 18,1947 and his power was initially limited and it was difficult for him to exercise the authority to make his office effective. This was later changed in the amendment to the act in 1949, the Act merged the Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment, headed by the Secretary of Defense. It also created the Department of the Air Force, which separated the Army Air Forces into its own service and it also protected the Marine Corps as an independent service, under the Department of the Navy, prohibiting it from ever being absorbed into the Army. Initially, each of the three service secretaries maintained quasi-cabinet status, but the act was amended on August 10,1949, at the same time, the NME was renamed as the Department of Defense. The purpose was to unify the Army, Navy, and Air Force into a federated structure. S. s first peacetime intelligence agency. The councils function was to advise the president on domestic, foreign, and military policies, the 1949 Revolt of the Admirals. The Story Behind the National Security Act of 1947, underlying assumptions of the National Security Act of 1947. The National Security Act of 1947, Its Thirtieth Anniversary, enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, compiled 1789 -2008. U. S. National Archives and Records Administration
12.
United States Department of War
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The Secretary of War, a civilian with such responsibilities as finance and purchases and a minor role in directing military affairs, headed the War Department throughout its existence. Retired senior General Henry Knox, then in civilian life, served as the first United States Secretary of War, forming and organizing the department and the army fell to Secretary Knox. On November 8,1800 the War Department building with its records, foundation of the new military academy at West Point along the Hudson River upstream from New York City in 1802 was important to the future growth of the American army. The multiple failures and fiascos of the War of 1812 convinced Washington that thorough reform of the War Department was necessary, winfield Scott became the senior general until the start of the American Civil War in 1861. The bureau chiefs acted as advisers to the Secretary of War while commanding their own troops, the bureaus frequently conflicted among themselves, but in disputes with the commanding general, the Secretary of War generally supported the bureaus. Congress regulated the affairs of the bureaus in detail, and their chiefs looked to that body for support, during the American Civil War, the War Department responsibilities expanded. It handled the recruiting, training, supply, medical care, transportation, a separate command structure took charge of military operations. In the late stages of the war, the Department took charge of refugees and freedmen in the American South through the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, during Reconstruction, this bureau played a major role in supporting the new Republican governments in the southern states. When military Reconstruction ended in 1877, the U. S. Army removed the last troops from military occupation of the American South, and the last Republican state governments in the region ended. The Army comprised hundreds of small detachments in forts around the West, dealing with Indians, the United States Army, with 39,000 men in 1890 was the smallest and least powerful army of any major power in the late 19th century. By contrast, France had an army of 542,000, temporary volunteers and state militia units mostly fought the Spanish–American War of 1898. This conflict demonstrated the need for effective control over the department. Elihu Root enlarged the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and established the United States Army War College and he changed the procedures for promotions and organized schools for the special branches of the service. He also devised the principle of rotating officers from staff to line, indeed, Secretary Taft exercised little power, President Theodore Roosevelt made the major decisions. In 1911, Secretary Henry L. Stimson and Major General Leonard Wood, his chief of staff, the general staff assisted them in their efforts to rationalize the organization of the army along modern lines and in supervising the bureaus. Assisted by industrial advisers, they reorganized the system of the army. General March reorganized the general staff along similar lines and gave it authority over departmental operations. After the war, the Congress again granted the bureaus their former independence, in the 1920s, General John J. Pershing realigned the general staff on the pattern of his American Expeditionary Force field headquarters, which he commanded
13.
Gordon Gray (politician)
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Gordon Gray was an official in the government of the United States during the administrations of Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower associated with defense and national security. Gordon Gray was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Bowman Gray, Sr. and he was married in 1938 to the former Jane Boyden Craige, and they had four sons, Gordon Gray, Jr. Burton C. After Janes death, Gray married the former Nancy Maguire Beebe and his father Bowman, his uncle James A. Gray, Jr. and later his brother, Bowman Gray, Jr. were all heads of R. J. Boyden Gray, a graduate of Harvard and the University of North Carolina Law School and he graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1930, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity & the secretive, Order of Gimghoul. He earned his law degree from Yale Law School in 1933, UNC presented Gray with an honorary law degree in 1949. Gray began his life as a lawyer and was elected to the North Carolina General Assembly in 1939,1941. He entered the U. S. Army in 1942 as a private and rose to captain, serving in Europe with General Omar Bradleys forces. Grays service to the government began with his appointment as President Harry S. Trumans assistant secretary of the army in 1947. He served in this post from 1949 until 1950 and he was the second president of the Consolidated University of North Carolina, succeeding Frank Porter Graham in 1950. In 1954 Gray chaired a committee appointed by AEC chairman Lewis Strauss which recommended revoking Robert Oppenheimers security clearance. The Gray Board, as it was known, issued its decision on May 27,1954, with Gray and Thomas A. Morgan recommending the revocation. In the book American Prometheus, The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer the chairmanship of Gray during the hearings was described as severely lacking, Gray had allowed that the prosecutors briefed the committee for a full week without representatives from the defendants being present. The authors called the Gray Board a veritable kangaroo court in which the head jugde accepted the prosecutors lead, less than a year later, Secretary of Defense Charles Erwin Wilson named Gray assistant secretary for international security affairs and Grays brief career in academia was ended. President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed him to head the Office of Defense Mobilization in 1957, Eisenhower then appointed Gray his National Security Advisor from 1958 until 1961. On January 18,1961, President Eisenhower awarded Gray the Presidential Medal of Freedom and he served on the Presidents Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford, in 1976, he was awarded the United States Military Academys Sylvanus Thayer Award. In controversial leaked documents, Gray is alleged to have part of the secret Majestic 12 organization. From 1962 to 1963, Gray was head of the Federal City Council, a group of business, civic, education, Gray was also publisher of the Winston-Salem Journal, chairman of the board of Piedmont Publishing Company and chairman of the National Trust for Historic Preservation
14.
Tracy Voorhees
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Tracy Stebbins Voorhees served as Under Secretary of the United States Army from August 1949 to April 1950. He held numerous positions within the U. S. Government as a civilian, a practicing attorney, Voorhees, with the Judge Advocate Generals Department, he served as part of the Surgeon Generals office in the European and Pacific theatres during World War II. After the War, he served in positions in the Defense Department. He became a member of the law firm of Satterlee, Canfield and he served as assistant to the Director, Bureau of Imports, War Trade Board in 1918. He was practicing attorney as a member of the firm of Ewing, Alley and Voorhees from 1919 to 1928 and member of the firm Blake and he served as president of Long Island College Hospital from 1936 to 1944. He was special assistant to the Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson in 1946, as a civilian he was special assistant to Secretaries of War Patterson and Kenneth C. Royall, served as the War Departments Food Administrator for Occupied Areas, from 1947–1948 and served as Assistant Secretary of the Army and he served as Under Secretary of the Army, from 22 August 1949 to 24 April 1950. He was vice chairman of the Committee on Present Danger from 1951 to 1953, mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization with rank of minister and the director for offshore procurement in Europe for the Secretary of Defense from 1953 to 1954. He was vice chairman of the board of Rutgers University from 1959 to 1965 and he died in Brooklyn, New York. His papers are preserved in Special Collections and University Archives in the Alexander Library of Rutgers University Libraries in New Brunswick, Voorhees awards include Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Department of Defense Award for Distinguished Public Service, and Army Distinguished Civilian Service Award. In 1974 the Board of Governors of Rutgers University renamed Rutgers Neilson Campus in New Brunswick Voorhees Campus after Tracy Voorhees, the 5. 25-acre Van Voorhees Park in Brooklyn, New York is named in honor of Tracy Voorhees and his family. Secretary of the Army This article incorporates text in the domain from the United States Army. Former Under Secretary, US Army, Tracy S. Voorhees, former Under Secretaries of the Army. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, included short biography of Tracy Voorhees
15.
Archibald S. Alexander
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Archibald Stevens Alexander was an American lawyer, civil servant, and Democratic politician. He served as Under Secretary of the United States Army in the Truman Administration, Alexander was born in New York City, New York, the son of Archibald Stevens Alexander and Helen Tracy Barney Alexander. Barney, president of Wells Fargo & Company, Alexander received a B. A. degree from Princeton University and an LL. B. from Harvard Law School. He married Susan Dimock Tilton in New York City on 24 June 1929 and he married Jean Struthers Sears at Beverly, Massachusetts, on 4 August 1937, her sister was Emily Sears, who married Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. After completing law school Alexander joined the New York firm of Carter, Ledyard & Milburn, during World War II Alexander served in the United States Army. He was commissioned as first lieutenant in 1942 and served in the European and Mediterranean Theatres and he was discharged from the Army in 1945, having risen to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1947 Alexander was appointed to the State Departments Foreign Service Selection Board and served as a consultant to the Atomic Energy Commission on security and he was Assistant Secretary of the Army from 1949 to 1950 and Under Secretary from 1950 to 1952. Alexander was active in Democratic politics in New Jersey, in 1948 he was the Democratic candidate for United States Senate but lost to Robert C. He was again the Democratic nominee in 1952, losing to Howard Alexander Smith, from 1954 to 1957 he served as Treasurer of the State of New Jersey. In 1956 he was Director of Volunteers for the campaign of Adlai Stevenson. Alexander was President of the Free Europe Committee from 1959 to 1963, in 1963 he was appointed Assistant Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, remaining in this position until 1969. From 1971 until his death he was president of the Arms Control Association, Alexander had a long involvement with Rutgers University. As state treasurer, he was a member of the universitys Board of Trustees. In 1956 he was appointed to the newly created Board of Governors for Rutgers and also rejoined the Board of Trustees, Alexander chaired the Board of Governors from 1959 to 1963 and again from 1971 to 1973. The central university library is named in his honor, Alexander died at his home in Bernardsville, New Jersey after a short illness. Biographical information for Archibald S. Alexander from The Political Graveyard
16.
Karl Bendetsen
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Karl Robin Bendetsen was born in Aberdeen, Washington. His parents, Albert M. and Anna Bendetson, were first-generation American citizens, Karl changed the spelling of his last name during early 1942, and would later make written claims to descent from Danish lumbermen who had come to America as early as 1670. Bendetsen is remembered primarily for his role as architect of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, Bendetson enlisted in the Washington National Guard, at the age of fourteen. While this was well below legal age, the National Guard turned an eye to the many young men who desired to enlist while who were still in—or. As he matured, Karl entered Army ROTC, eventually taking a commission in the Army Reserve. Bendetson, now a major, was on the staff of Judge Advocate General Major General Allen W. Guillion. In early September 1941, Bendetson was sent to Hawaii to discuss the need to intern enemy aliens in case of war. He stated in his notes that there were 134,000 American citizens of Japanese descent in the islands, and worried that good Americans might give Japs the benefit of the doubt for economic reasons. In later years, however, Bendetsen would describe a scene of standing on his overturned car to face down the mass of strikers who had blocked his way into the plant. The strike settled, Bendetson was back at his own desk in early December, while the government was worried that these leaders had been involved in anti-American activity on behalf of the Empire of Japan, eventually, all were cleared of any wrongdoing. Following that authorization, Bendetsen developed a plan by which all persons of Japanese ancestry and he then pressured Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt to accept his plan, rather than the less-restrictive one which DeWitt had originally intended. Initially, only southern Arizona and the parts of Washington, Oregon. 1, and many Japanese Americans simply moved to the portions of their home states. Bendetsen would later call this voluntary relocation, though the moves were done at the orders of the government, the Western Defense Command then announced that the exclusion zone would be expanded to include all of California and created Military Area No. 2, at the time prohibiting Japanese Americans from leaving either military area. Only those who had moved outside California escaped being rounded up and confined in makeshift assembly centers, Bendetsen also ordered that any person, no matter their age, who had one drop of Japanese blood were to be confined. This included the removal of infants and children from orphanages and the transportation of hospital patients and he would later claim that the orders were not so broad-sweeping, though even Military Intelligence Service officers of Japanese ancestry were forced to leave California. Throughout the rest of the war, Bendetsen and DeWitt opposed army orders that soldiers of Japanese ancestry be allowed to re-enter the coastal states while on leave or military assignment and he was adamantly opposed to calls for reparations to be paid to former camp inmates and their relatives
17.
Earl D. Johnson
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Earl D. Johnson was the 4th United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1952 to 1954. Earl Dallam Johnson was born in Hamilton, Ohio on December 14,1905 and he was educated at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, receiving a B. A. in 1928. He then spent a year as a student at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, before enrolling in the United States Army Air Corps Training School. Johnson worked at Loomis, Sayles & Company from 1933 to 1942, during World War II, he saw active duty as Deputy Commander of the Ferrying Division at the Air Transport Command. He left the military as a Colonel in 1946 and he then returned to Loomis, Sayles. In 1950, President of the United States Harry Truman nominated Johnson as Assistant Secretary of the Army and he held this office until 1952, at which time President Truman nominated him as United States Under Secretary of the Army. He subsequently held office from October 1952 until January 1954. He also served as Chairman of the Panama Canal Company from 1953 until 1954, upon leaving government service in 1954, Johnson became an executive at American Transport Association and Air Cargo Inc. In 1955, he left for General Dynamics, in 1963, he left GD, spending a year as CEO at Delta Air Lines before retiring in 1964. Upon retirement Johnson served on boards and often provided strategic consulting services to several politicians. Johnson was a member of the Explorers Club, the Union Club, Johnson died in Greenwich, Connecticut on January 11,1990. There were two services celebrating his life, 1) Christ Church in Greenwich, CT and 2) at Arlington National Cemetery where there was a gun salute in his honor. He is buried there with his spouse, Honey, johnsons family launched a scholarship in his name at University of Wisconsin for students in need who maintain a 3.8 GPA
18.
Charles C. Finucane
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Finucane was a government official, and banking and investments executive. Finucane was born in Spokane, Washington and attended the Taft School in Watertown and he received an engineering degree in 1928 from Sheffield School, Yale University. He served as vice-president and then president of Sweeny Investment Company while also serving as an officer in the U. S. Navy Reserve, from 1936-1938 he was vice-president of the Sunshine Consolidated Mining Co. and majority floor leader of the Washington State Legislature in 1939. In 1946 he served as director for both the Spokane and Eastern Division of the Seattle First National Bank and the James Smyth Plumbing and Heating Company of Spokane. He was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management in 1954, the Under Secretary of the Army in 1955, finucane owned a summer home in Hayden, ID
19.
Hugh M. Milton II
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Hugh Meglone Milton II was a Major General of the United States Army during World War II who served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1958 to 1961. Hugh M. Milton II was born in 1897 and he was educated at the University of Kentucky, receiving a bachelors degree and then a masters degree in Mechanical Engineering. He joined the faculty of New Mexico State University as a Professor of Mechanical Engineering in 1924, two years later he was named Dean of Engineering. He became President of New Mexico State University in 1938, with the United States entry into World War II, in 1941, Milton was recalled to the United States Army with the rank of Colonel. He was later promoted to Brigadier General in 1945 and he left the Army in 1947, having attained the rank of Major General. In 1947, Milton resumed the presidency of New Mexico State University, Milton served as Under Secretary of the Army from August 1958 until January 1961. Milton retired from the United States Department of the Army in 1961 and he died at the William Beaumont Army Medical Center in El Paso, Texas on January 27,1987, at the age of 89. Maj. Gen. Hugh M. Milton 2d, Army Aide Under Eisenhower, New York Times,30,1987 NMSU Profile Hilkert, David E. Chiefs of the Army Reserve, Biographical Sketches of the United States Army Reserve’s Senior Officers. Fort McPherson, GA, Office of Army Reserve History, U. S. Army Reserve Command
20.
Stephen Ailes
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Stephen Ailes was a prominent member of the District of Columbia Bar and a partner in the firm of Steptoe & Johnson. He served as the United States Under Secretary of the Army from February 9,1961 to January 28,1964 and he received his undergraduate education at Princeton University, and attended the law school of West Virginia University, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. Stephen was born in Romney, West Virginia, on May 25,1912 and he attended the Scarborough School in New York with his brother, and later attended Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia and graduated in 1929. He graduated from Princeton University in 1933 and received his law degree from West Virginia University in 1936 and he was admitted to the West Virginia bar in 1936. He was appointed assistant professor of law at West Virginia University,1937 –1940 and he was prevented from military service due to color blindness, but later he was hired at the Office of Price Administration in 1942 until 1946. He served as counsel to the American Economic Mission to Greece in 1947, Ailes served as Under Secretary of the Army,9 February 1961 until 28 January 1964 and he was then promoted to Secretary of the Army until 1 July 1965. He is oft credited as the force for the creation of the United States Army Drill Sergeant program. The Training and Doctrine Commands annual Drill Sergeant of the Year award is named after Ailes, Ailes testified that the plan would cost $31,300,000 in its first year in 1965 dollars, the equivalent of $235 million fifty years later. He died on June 30,2001 from a stroke at his home in Bethesda and he is buried in his home town of Romney at Indian Mound Cemetery. Media related to Stephen Ailes at Wikimedia Commons Stephen Ailes at West Virginia University
21.
Paul Robert Ignatius
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Paul Robert Ignatius is an American government official who served as Secretary of the Navy between 1967 and 1969 and was the Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Lyndon Johnson administration. Ignatius was born in 1920, Glendale, California, the son of Armenian parents who migrated to the United States, Elisa, Ignatius is a trustee of the George C. Marshall Foundation and member of the Federal City Council and the Washington Institute of Foreign Affairs. He founded Harbridge House, Inc. a Boston management consulting, Ignatius received his bachelors degree from the University of Southern California and his MBA degree from Harvard Business School. He served as a lieutenant in the U. S. Navy in World War II. He has two sons, one of which, David Ignatius, is a columnist for the Washington Post, another son, Adi Ignatius, is Chief Editor of Harvard Business Review. On May 23,2013, the Navy announced that an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, USS Paul Ignatius would be named for him
22.
Stanley Rogers Resor
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Stanley Rogers Resor was an American lawyer, United States military officer, and government official. Born in New York City, he was the son of Helen Lansdowne Resor, Resor, president of the J. W. Thompson advertising agency and one of the originators of the modern advertising industry. While still a teenager he changed his name from Stanley Burnet Resor Jr. to Stanley Rogers Resor. The elder Resor graduated from Yale University in 1901, and his son followed him there after attending the Groton School, and graduated from Yale in 1939 and he went on to Yale Law School where he was a contemporary of Sargent Shriver, Gerald Ford, and Cyrus Vance. Resors education was interrupted by service as an Army officer in World War II, where he was awarded the Silver Star, Bronze Star, after the war he went to work on Wall Street, and was made partner in the prominent Debevoise & Plimpton law firm. In 1965 during the Vietnam War, President Lyndon Johnson appointed him Secretary of the Army, in 1984, he was awarded the United States Military Academys Sylvanus Thayer Award. During the 1970s he served as US ambassador to the MBFR talks in Vienna, over time he grew critical of U. S. He returned to Debevoise & Plimpton after he left government service, Resor married Jane Pillsbury of the Pillsbury family in 1942 in a ceremony attended by John F. Kennedy and Cyrus Vance. After Janes death in 1994 he married Louise Mead Resor in 1999
23.
David E. McGiffert
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David E. McGiffert was a United States lawyer and Pentagon official who dealt with domestic security during the social upheavals of the late 1960s. David E. McGiffert was born in Boston on June 27,1926, after high school, he enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, but left without taking a degree in 1944. He then enlisted in the United States Navy and served as a technician during World War II. Upon leaving the Navy in 1946, he attended Harvard University and he spent the 1949-50 school year at Cambridge University and then attended Harvard Law School, receiving his LL. B. in 1953. After graduating from law school, McGiffert took a job as an attorney at Covington & Burling in Washington. He spent 1956 as a lecturer at the University of Wisconsin Law School, in 1962, President of the United States John F. Kennedy named McGiffert Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs, serving under United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. He held this position until 1965, at which time President Lyndon B. Johnson named him United States Under Secretary of the Army and he served as Under Secretary of the Army from November 1965 until February 1969. During his time as Under Secretary of the Army, protests against the Vietnam War broke out in force, during the 1967 Newark riots and the 1967 Detroit riot, ill-prepared Army National Guard troops were despatched to suppress the riots. During the protest, an event occurred, where George Harris placed carnations into the soldiers gun barrels. Abbie Hoffman declared the intention of levitating the Pentagon 300 feet by means of meditation. In the wake of these protests McGiffert took the lead in organizing the Directorate for Civil Disturbance Planning and Operation, about this time, the Pentagon also set up a large computer database containing the names of individuals suspected of fostering domestic disturbances. At Secretary McNamaras direction, McGiffert then headed a civil disturbance steering committee to examine the use of the United States Armed Forces. United States Deputy Attorney General Warren Christopher also served on this committee, regular Army troops were also used to provide security at the 1968 Republican National Convention and the disastrous 1968 Democratic National Convention. Upon leaving the United States Department of the Army in 1969 and he was active in the Democratic Party, serving on the Defense and Arms Control Study Group of the Democratic Partys Foreign Affairs Task Force from 1974 to 1976. With the election of Jimmy Carter in the 1976 election, McGiffert contributed position papers to President Carters transition team, on February 25,1977, President Carter nominated McGiffert as United States Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. In this capacity, McGiffert would be responsible for overseeing military security in the Middle East, with the end of the Carter administration, McGiffert returned to Covington & Burling and practiced law there until his retirement in 1995. He was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and served on the boards of the Atlantic Council, McGiffert died of a heart ailment on October 12,2005 at his home in Washington, D. C
24.
Thaddeus Beal
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Thaddeus R. Beal was the United States Under Secretary of the Army from March 8,1969, through September 21,1971. Born March 22,1917, in New York City, Beal graduated from The Hotchkiss School in Connecticut and he served in U. S. Naval Reserve attaining rank of lieutenant commander, 1941–1945. He received an LL. B. degree from Harvard Law School,1947 and was admitted to Massachusetts bar,1947. He associated with the law firm of Herrick, Smith, Donald, Farley and Ketchum of Boston, Massachusetts, as associate and later as partner and he was president and chief executive officer, Harvard Trust Company of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1957–1969. In 1972, after his term as Under Secretary of the Army ended, he resumed practice of law as a member of the firm of Herrick, Smith, Donald, Farley and Ketchum
25.
Kenneth E. BeLieu
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Kenneth E. BeLieu was born in Portland, Oregon on February 10,1914, the son of Ila Jean BeLieu and Perry G. BeLieu. After graduating from Theodore Roosevelt High School in 1933, he attended the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, after three years in business in Portland, in 1940, BeLieu enlisted in the United States Army as a Second Lieutenant. As a soldier during World War II, he participated in the Invasion of Normandy, the Battle of the Bulge, BeLieu was awarded the Silver Star, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star Medal, the Purple Heart, and the Croix de guerre. Following the end of World War II, BeLieu served in assignments with the Army in the United States Department of War. The Korean War saw BeLieu return to the field of battle and in 1950, upon discharge from hospital, BeLieu was assigned to the Office of the Secretary of the Army. There, he served as Executive Officer to two Secretaries of the Army, Frank Pace and later Robert T. Stevens, BeLieu retired from the Army in 1955 with the rank of colonel. Upon leaving the army, BeLieu attended Harvard Business Schools Advanced Management Program, in February 1961, President of the United States John F. Kennedy appointed BeLieu Assistant Secretary of the Navy, a post he held for four years. In February 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson named BeLieu Under Secretary of the Navy, during his time in the United States Department of the Navy, BeLieu was awarded the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award. In July 1965, BeLieu left public service for the private sector, on January 21,1969, President Richard Nixon appointed BeLieu Deputy Assistant to the President for Congressional Relations. BeLieu served as Under Secretary of the Army until 1973, in the late 1970s, he served as Director of the National Petroleum Council, a council that represented oil and natural gas companies interests to the United States Secretary of Energy. After BeLieu retired from government work in 1979, he became a consultant and he retired to Sterling, Virginia, where he died of cancer on February 10,2001. Kenneth E. BeLieu was succeeded as Assistant Secretary of the Navy by Graeme C, <Typed Letter Signed on official ASN letterhead dated 25 March 1965 in my autograph collection. Further research on Mr. Bannerman shows that his nomination as ASN was confirmed by the Senate on 19Feb1965, see http, //catalog. hathitrust. org/Record/009989954. Ellington, BeLieu, and Bannerman nominations, hearing. Eighty-ninth Congress, first session, on Buford Ellington, of Tennessee, to be Director of the Office of Emergency Planning, Kenneth E. BeLieu, of Oregon, to be Under Secretary of the Navy, Graeme C. Bannerman, of the District of Columbia, to be an Assistant Secretary of the Navy
26.
Herman R. Staudt
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Herman R. Staudt was United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1973 to 1975. Herman R. Staudt was born in Yonkers, New York on June 29,1926, at age 19, he enrolled in the United States Army in 1945, in the midst of World War II. He served in the Army until 1947, leaving with the rank of Staff Sergeant. He was educated at New York University, receiving his B. S. in Electrical Engineering in 1947, in 1957, he transferred from Baltimore to Orlando to become director of Martin Mariettas MGM-18 Lacrosse missile program. He was director of the MGM-31 Pershing program from 1961 to 1967, in 1967, Staudt enrolled in the MIT Sloan School of Management and received an M. S. in Management in 1968. Staudt returned to Martin Marietta in 1968 as Vice President, Management Operations, in 1972, he became vice president of operations for the Martin Mariettas Orlando Aerospace Division. In 1973, President of the United States Richard Nixon nominated Staudt as United States Under Secretary of the Army, archives Profile from the Department of the Army at the Wayback Machine
27.
Norman R. Augustine
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Norman Ralph Augustine is a U. S. aerospace businessman who served as Under Secretary of the Army from 1975 to 1977. Augustine served as chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, Augustine was raised in Colorado and attended Princeton University, where he graduated with a BSE in Aeronautical Engineering, magna cum laude, and an MSE. He was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Beta Pi, in 1958 he joined the Douglas Aircraft Company in California, where he worked as a research engineer, program manager and chief engineer. Beginning in 1965, he served in the Office of the Secretary of Defense as Assistant Director of Defense Research and he joined LTV Missiles and Space Company in 1970, serving as vice president of advanced programs and marketing. In 1973 he returned to the government as Assistant Secretary of the Army and in 1975 became Under Secretary of the Army, and later Acting Secretary of the Army. Joining Martin Marietta Corporation in 1977 as vice president of operations, he was elected as CEO in 1987 and chairman in 1988, having previously been president. In 1990, he chaired the Advisory Committee on the Future of the U. S, Space Program, known as the Augustine Committee. He served as president of the Lockheed Martin Corporation upon the formation of that company in 1995, and became CEO later that year. He retired as chairman and CEO of Lockheed Martin in August 1997, in 1999 he helped found In-Q-Tel, a venture capital firm sponsored by the CIA with a mandate to support United States intelligence by investing in advanced technology. He is a president of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He is a member of the board of directors of ConocoPhillips, Black & Decker, Procter & Gamble and Lockheed Martin. He is a regent of the University System of Maryland, trustee emeritus of Johns Hopkins and he is a member of the guiding coalition of the Project on National Security Reform. He is a member of the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Explorers Club. In May 2009 Augustine was named as chairman of the Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee, in March 2011 Augustine agreed to serve as chair of the U. S. Antarctic Program Blue Ribbon Panel to assess U. S. activities in the South Pole. He currently sits on the America Abroad Media advisory board, Augustine has been presented the National Medal of Technology by the President of the United States and received the Joint Chiefs of Staff Distinguished Public Service Award. He has five times received the Department of Defenses highest civilian decoration and he is co-author of The Defense Revolution and Shakespeare In Charge and author of Augustines Laws and Augustine’s Travels. He holds 34 honorary degrees and was selected by Who’s Who in America and he has traveled in over 124 countries and stood on both the North and South Poles of the earth. Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award in 2002
28.
Walter B. LaBerge
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Walter Barber LaBerge was an aerospace engineer and defense industry executive who served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1977 to 1980. LaBerge was born in Chicago in 1924 and his father was a salesman for the Fuller Brush Company. He was educated at the University of Notre Dame, receiving a degree in Naval Science in 1944, after graduating, LaBerge joined the United States Navy and was posted to the yard minesweeper USS YMS-165 based in Palau. He was promoted to the rank of Captain in 1946, upon leaving the Navy, LaBerge returned to Notre Dame, and shortly thereafter married Patricia Sammon of River Forest, Illinois. He received a B. S. in Physics from Notre Dame in 1947, in 1950, LaBerge became Program Engineer for the AIM-9 Sidewinder at the Naval Ordnance Test Center in China Lake, California. He was promoted in 1955, becoming Program Manager of the Sidewinder program, in 1957, LaBerge moved to Philco as Director of Engineering at its Western Development Laboratories in Palo Alto, California. Beginning in 1962, LaBerge headed up the Philco Ford team that designed and installed the instrumentation of the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, during this period, he worked closely with NASA officials, and got to know several of the original United States astronauts. In 1963, he was promoted to Director of the Philco Fords Houston operation and he returned to Palo Alto in 1966 as division vice president, then vice president for the Electronics Group, at Philco Fords Western Development Laboratories. LaBerge returned to Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake in 1971 as deputy technical director, in 1973, President of the United States Richard Nixon nominated LaBerge as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force. He held this post until 1976, when he became Assistant Secretary General at NATO in Brussels, in 1977, President Jimmy Carter nominated LaBerge as United States Under Secretary of the Army and he subsequently held this office from July 27,1977, until February 28,1980. In retirement, he served as chair of the Army Science Board, a genealogy enthusiast, LaBerge traced his genealogy back to Robert de La Berge, one of the original settlers of New France. LaBerge died in Santa Cruz, California, on July 16,2004, biography from website set up in memoriam of LaBerge Profile from the U. S. Department of the Army at the Wayback Machine Scientist, NATO Official Walter B. LaBerge, Washington Post, July 31,2004
29.
James R. Ambrose
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James R. Ambrose was an aerospace executive who was United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1981 to 1988. James R. Ambrose was born in Brewer, Maine and he was educated at the University of Maine, graduating in 1943. He also studied at Georgetown University, The Catholic University of America, and the University of Maryland, during World War II, Ambrose worked at the United States Naval Research Laboratory, and stayed on there after the war. While there, he worked on radar, semiconductors, nuclear weapons, in late 1955, Ambrose was one of the co-founders of Systems Research Corporation. Systems Research Corporation was subsequently acquired by the Ford Motor Company, Ambrose worked in management at Ford Aerospace for thirty-six years. He worked mainly on aspects of defense systems, space programs, and communications, command. From 1968 to 1981, Ambrose held the title of Vice President for Technical Affairs of Ford Aerospace, on September 30,1981, President of the United States Ronald Reagan nominated Ambrose as United States Under Secretary of the Army. After Senate confirmation, Ambrose held this office from October 1981 until February 1988, President Reagans Nomination of Ambrose as Under Secretary of the Army Profile at Foothill Communities Association website
30.
John W. Shannon
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John W. Shannon was United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1989 to 1993. John W. Shannon was born in Louisville, Kentucky on September 13,1933 and he was educated at Central State University, graduating with a B. S. in 1955. After college, Shannon was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Infantry of the United States Army, in the Army, he served as a commander and staff officer. During the Vietnam War, he served two tours of duty in South Vietnam as an advisor and battalion commander. From 1972 to 1974, he served as a liaison officer in the Office of the Secretary of the Army. He received an M. S. from Shippensburg State College in 1975 and he retired from the United States Army in 1978, having attained the rank of Colonel. Upon leaving the Army, Shannon became Special Assistant for Manpower, Reserve Affairs, from June 1981 to December 1984, he was Deputy Under Secretary of the Army. In 1984, President of the United States Ronald Reagan nominated Shannon as Assistant Secretary of the Army and he subsequently held this office from December 7,1984 to 13 August 1989. In 1989, President George H. W. Bush nominated Shannon as United States Under Secretary of the Army and he was Acting United States Secretary of the Army from January 20,1993 until August 26,1993. On that date, Shannon was arrested outside the Ft. Myer post exchange in Arlington, Va. after store detectives saw him put items worth about $30 into a shopping bag, Shannon was placed on administrative leave, and never returned to his position. The charges against Shannon were dismissed after he agreed to attend a shoplifting prevention program and he completed his study and ended his contract in early 1994. Shannon later operated his own firm, Shannon Consulting Services
31.
Joe R. Reeder
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Joe Robert Reeder is a United States lawyer who served as United States Under Secretary of the Army from 1993 to 1997. Joe R. Reeder was born on November 28,1947 in Tacoma, after high school, he attended the United States Military Academy, graduating in 1970. After graduating, Reeder joined the United States Army and he attended airborne, ranger, and artillery basic schools 1971-72 and then served in the 82nd Airborne Division 1972-73, ultimately attaining the rank of major. In 1972, Reeder entered the University of Texas School of Law and he then spent a year clerking in a United States district court in Texas. He joined the Judge Advocate Generals Corps, United States Army in 1976, following the passage of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978, he spent a year with the Armys Contract Appeals division. Reeder joined the Washington, D. C. law firm of Patton Boggs in 1979 and he spent 1980-81 at the Georgetown University Law Center, receiving an LL. M. in 1981. As Under Secretary, he was responsible for planning, material requirements, readiness, acquisition reform, infrastructure reduction. He was also one of five members of the United States Department of Defenses Base Realignment and he became a member of the American Law Institute in 1994. Upon leaving the United States Department of the Army in 1997, since 2009, Reeder has been the Chair of the board of the Peace Research Endowment, a charitable entity incorporated in 2009 New York by Peace Research Institute Oslo
32.
Robert M. Walker
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Robert Michael Mike Walker was United States Under Secretary of the Army 1997-1998. Walker was born in Martin, Tennessee, in 1948 and he attended the University of Tennessee. From 1969-1976, he worked as an assistant to Rep. Joe L. Evins. Walker joined the staff of Senator Jim Sasser in 1977 and he also served as an enlisted soldier in the Tennessee Army National Guard and District of Columbia Army National Guard in the 1970s. In 1993, President of the United States Bill Clinton named Walker Assistant Secretary of the Army, in 1997, President Clinton nominated Walker as United States Under Secretary of the Army, and he subsequently held this office from November 13,1997 through October 15,1998. He was Acting United States Secretary of the Army from January 2,1998 through July 2,1998, in 1998-1999, he was Deputy Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Currently, Walker lectures at the Naval Postgraduate Schools Center for Homeland Defense, profile from the Dept. of the Army at the Wayback Machine
33.
Bernard D. Rostker
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From 1996 to 2001, he also served as Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Defense for Gulf War Illnesses. Bernard D. Rostker was educated at New York University, receiving a B. S. in 1964 and he next attended Syracuse University, earning an M. A. and then a Ph. D. in Economics. In 1968, he joined the Manpower Requirements Directorate of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Analysis as an economist. Two years later, he joined RAND as a research economist, becoming Program Director of the Manpower Personnel and Training Program and he joined the United States Department of the Navy in 1977, upon being named Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs. In 1979, he became Director of the Selective Service System, the selective service registration requirement for all U. S. Rostker thus oversaw the Selective Service Revitalization Plan which registered four million men for selective service. He is the defendant in the U. S. Supreme Court case of Rostker v. Goldberg,453 U. S.57. Rostker joined the Center for Naval Analyses in 1981, becoming Director for the Navys Management Program, in that capacity he conducted research into the major management issues facing the United States Navy. In 1983, he joined software development company SRA International as Director of the Systems Management Division and he returned to RAND in December 1984 to help establish the Arroyo Center, the Armys federally funded research and development center for studies and analysis. He served as Program Director of the Force Development and Employment Program, in January 1990, he shifted to RANDs National Defense Research Institute as Director of the Defense Manpower Research Center. In October 1994, President Bill Clinton nominated Rostker as Assistant Secretary of the Navy, after a nomination from President Clinton and confirmation by the United States Senate, Rostker was sworn in as the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness on May 23,2000. He was also responsible for overseeing research on the military readiness. Rostker was replaced by David S. C, chu, who was sworn in as Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness on June 1,2001. He was a resident of Great Falls, Virginia during his service in the Clinton Administration, the Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force, RAND Corporation,2006
34.
Gregory R. Dahlberg
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Gregory Robert Dahlberg was United States Under Secretary of the Army from 2000 to 2001. Gregory R. Dahlberg was raised in the Minneapolis – Saint Paul area, after high school, he attended Luther College in Decorah, Iowa, receiving a B. A. in Business Administration and Political Science in 1973. He then attended the American University in Washington, D. C. receiving an M. P. A. in 1976, in 1990, he joined the staff of the full Appropriations Committee. During the debate over the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, while on the staff of the House Appropriations Committee, he also worked on the FDA Fast Track Development Program, and the special financing structure of Operation Desert Storm. In 2000, President of the United States Bill Clinton nominated Dahlberg as United States Under Secretary of the Army and he was Acting United States Secretary of the Army from January 20,2001 to March 4,2001. Since leaving the United States Department of the Army in 2001, Dahlberg worked for Lockheed Martin as Senior Vice President, Strategic Enterprises and he works as an independent consultant. Bio from the Dept. of the Army at the Wayback Machine Lockheed Martin Press Release
35.
Les Brownlee
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Bill Gertz wrote that Donald Rumsfeld did not wish to name a non-CEO to the job of Secretary. Brownlee is a retired Army colonel and he was commissioned in 1962 as a lieutenant in the infantry through the Reserve Officers Training Corps program at the University of Wyoming. He is an honor graduate of the U. S. Brownlee served two tours in Vietnam. During the last two and a years of a four and a half year tour in the Pentagon, before retiring in 1984. His military decorations include the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster and he holds a masters degree in business administration from the University of Alabama. Brownlee became the 27th Under Secretary of the Army on 14 November 2001, following his nomination by President George W. Bush, Brownlee served on the Republican staff of the Senate Armed Services Committee beginning in January 1987, under both Senator Strom Thurmond and Senator John Warner. In March 1996, Brownlee was designated Staff Director of the Senate Committee on Armed Services by then Chairman, Sen. Thurmond. In January 1999, he was designated Staff Director for then Chairman, Sen. Warner, from 1987 to 1996, he was a Professional Staff member responsible for Army and Marine Corps programs, special operations forces and drug interdiction policy and support. His son, John L. Brownlee is a former U. S. Attorney, public domain biography provided by the United States Department of Defense
