1.
United States Congress
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The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D. C, both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party, Congress has 535 voting members,435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members and these members can, however, sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation. Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a district. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by using the United States Census results. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a term, with terms staggered. The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers, however, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue-raising bills, the House initiates impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required before a person can be forcibly removed from office. The term Congress can also refer to a meeting of the legislature. A Congress covers two years, the current one, the 115th Congress, began on January 3,2017, the Congress starts and ends on the third day of January of every odd-numbered year. Members of the Senate are referred to as senators, members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives, congressmen, or congresswomen. One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played a role in shaping government policy and is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress, Congress reflects us in all our strengths, Congress is the governments most representative body. Congress is essentially charged with reconciling our many points of view on the public policy issues of the day. —Smith, Roberts, and Wielen Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux, most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent
2.
Hawaii
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Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21,1959. Hawaii is the only U. S. state located in Oceania and it is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U. S. state not located in the Americas, the state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaiʻi. The last is the largest island in the group, it is called the Big Island or Hawaiʻi Island to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania, Hawaii has over a million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U. S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii is the 8th-smallest and the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the fifty U. S. states. It is the state with an Asian plurality. The states coastline is about 750 miles long, the fourth longest in the U. S. after the coastlines of Alaska, Florida, the state of Hawaii derives its name from the name of its largest island, Hawaiʻi. A common Hawaiian explanation of the name of Hawaiʻi is that was named for Hawaiʻiloa and he is said to have discovered the islands when they were first settled. The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi is very similar to Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, cognates of Hawaiʻi are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori, Rarotongan and Samoan. According to linguists Pukui and Elbert, lsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the home, but in Hawaii. A somewhat divisive political issue arose in 1978 when the Constitution of the State of Hawaii added Hawaiian as an official state language. The title of the constitution is The Constitution of the State of Hawaii. Article XV, Section 1 of the Constitution uses The State of Hawaii, diacritics were not used because the document, drafted in 1949, predates the use of the okina and the kahakō in modern Hawaiian orthography. The exact spelling of the name in the Hawaiian language is Hawaiʻi. In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the government recognized Hawaii as the official state name. Official government publications, department and office titles, and the Seal of Hawaii use the spelling with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length
3.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
4.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
5.
Brian Schatz
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Brian Emanuel Schatz is an American politician who is the senior United States Senator for Hawaii. Schatz was appointed by Governor Neil Abercrombie to replace Senator Daniel Inouye after his death in 2012, Schatz served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1998 to 2006, where he represented the 25th Legislative District and was chairman of the Democratic Party of Hawaii from 2008 to 2010. He served as lieutenant governor until December 26,2012, when Abercrombie appointed Schatz to serve out Daniel Inouyes U. S. Senate term until the 2014 special election, upon his swearing-in, Schatz was the youngest U. S. Schatz won the 2014 special election to complete the remainder of Inouyes Senate term, Schatz was born to a Jewish family in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He is the son of Barbara Jane and Irwin Jacob Schatz, Schatzs father was notable as the first to publicly identify the injustice of the Tuskegee syphilis experiment in 1964, and remained an influential critic of the study through his life. When Brian was two old, his family moved to Hawaii, where he graduated from Punahou School. Schatz enrolled at Pomona College in Claremont, California, he spent a term studying in Kenya as part of the International Training Program. After graduating with a B. A. in philosophy, he returned to Hawaii and he became active in the community through his involvement in Youth for Environmental Services in the 1980s. He served as CEO of Helping Hands Hawaii and director of the Makiki Community Library, in March 2010, Schatz stepped down from Helping Hands to run for lieutenant governor. In 1998, Schatz, a Democrat, challenged the incumbent State Representative of the 24th District of the Hawaii House of Representatives, Republican Sam Aiona, in the 2000 rematch, he was re-elected, 57%–43%. In 2002, he ran in the newly redrawn 25th House district, in 2004, he defeated Republican Tracy Okubo 64%–36%. The 25th district includes Makiki and Tantalus on Oahu, Schatz ran for Hawaiis 2nd congressional district, vacated by Ed Case, who had decided to run for the U. S. Senate. The Democratic primary featured 10 candidates, seven of whom served in the Hawaii Legislature, mazie Hirono, the Lieutenant Governor, was the only one who had held statewide office and thus enjoyed the most name recognition. She also raised more money than any candidate in the race, mostly because of the endorsement of EMILYs List. Still, she won with just 22% of the vote, just 845 votes ahead of State Senator Colleen Hanabusa, State Representative Schatz ranked sixth with 7% of the vote, behind Hirono and four state senators. Schatz, one of the earliest supporters of Barack Obama for president and he wants to govern the United States by hope. In 2008, Schatz worked as spokesman for Obamas campaign in Hawaii, in April 2008, he began running for the position of chairman of the Democratic Party of Hawaii, and won the job at the state convention the following month. During his tenure, the Democrats increased the number of party members
6.
Mazie Hirono
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Mazie Keiko Hirono /ˈmeɪzi hᵻˈroʊnoʊ/ is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from Hawaii, in office since 2013. She was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Hawaii in 2002 but was defeated by Republican Linda Lingle and she then served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Hawaiis 2nd congressional district from 2007 to 2013. She is the first elected female Senator from Hawaii, the first Asian-American woman elected to the Senate, Senator born in Japan, and the nations first Buddhist Senator. She considers herself a non-practicing Buddhist and is cited with Hank Johnson as the first Buddhist to serve in the United States Congress. She is the woman to be elected to Congress from the state of Hawaii. The Democratic nominee for the U. S. Senate seat being vacated by the retirement of Daniel Akaka, Hirono won the election, Hirono was sworn in on January 3,2013, by the Vice President and President of the Senate, Joe Biden. Hirono was the person of Asian ancestry serving in the U. S. Senate until 2016 when senators Tammy Duckworth and Kamala Harris were elected in the states of Illinois. She is the current dean of Hawaiis Congressional Delegation, Mazie Hirono was born on November 3,1947, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Although born in Japan, she was born to a mother who was an American citizen, at the age of 16, her maternal grandfather, Sato Hiroshi, immigrated to Hawaii to work on sugarcane plantations, Hirono’s grandmother, Tari Shinoki, was a picture bride. After finding plantation work difficult, they opened a bathhouse on River Street in Honolulu in 1928, the couple had a daughter, Sato Laura Chie, in 1924 and a son, Akira. In 1939, Tari returned to Japan with their son and daughter, though Laura felt out of place in Japan, in 1946, aged 22, she married a veterinarian, Hirono Matabe, and moved with her husband to southern Fukushima. The couple had three children, Roy, Mazie and Wayne, Mazie was the child and only daughter. Hironos father was a gambler and alcoholic who would pawn his wifes possessions for gambling money. Treated like a slave, by her in-laws, Hirono said, as Laura later recounted, My brother sent money to buy a school uniform for my son. My husband took the money, went to town and never came back home and it was getting closer to the start of school, so I went to look for him. I found out he had ordered an overcoat for himself with the money and he didnt need an overcoat in the spring. Thats when I made up my mind to leave, after telling her in-laws she would be taking her elder son and Hirono to school in her hometown, Laura left the house, never to return. Selling her clothes for the fare, she returned to her parents house
7.
Colleen Hanabusa
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Colleen Wakako Hanabusa /kəˈliːn ˈhɑːnəˌbuːsə/ is an American politician who is the U. S. Representative for Hawaiis 1st congressional district, serving since November 2016 and she is a member of the Democratic Party. Before her election to the U. S. House of Representatives, Hanabusa was a member of the Hawaii Senate and she served as the Senate Majority Leader before being elected Hawaiis first woman President of the Senate in 2007. On August 24,2011, she announced her intention to run for reelection to Congress, Abercrombie decided against appointing Hanabusa and chose Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii Brian Schatz instead. Hanabusa announced a Democratic primary challenge to the incumbent Schatz in the 2014 special election, Hanabusa also won the election on November 8,2016 and was sworn in on November 14. A fourth-generation American of Japanese ancestry, Colleen Hanabusa grew up in Waiʻanae with her two brothers, her parents, and her grandparents. In 1969 she graduated from St. Andrews Priory, Hanabusa is a labor lawyer with almost 30 years of experience, and a corporate officer in a family-run corporation. In November 1998, Hanabusa was elected as the senator from the 21st District. The 21st District includes Waianae, where her family has resided for four generations, as well as Ko Olina, Kahe Point, Nanakuli, Maili, Makaha, Makua and Kaena Point. One of Hanabusas first acts upon being elected was to organize senators to vote against the confirmation of Hawaii Attorney General Margery Bronster. In 2003 she was named one of Hawaii’s “top ten political power brokers”, along with the state’s governor, Hanabusa previously ran unsuccessfully in a special election held in January 2003 to replace the late Patsy T. Representative from Hawaiis 2nd congressional district, losing to Ed Case, in 2006 she ran for the same seat after Case retired to unsuccessfully challenge Senator Daniel Akaka in the Democratic primary. Hanabusa was again unsuccessful, losing in the Democratic primary to former Lieutenant Governor Mazie Hirono by 844 votes, when Governor Ben Cayetano vetoed the tax credit bill, Hanabusa took the unprecedented step of suing to overturn the veto. Within months, Hanabusas then-fiancé John Souza received a deal in purchasing one of Stones homes in Ko Olina. In February 2005, less than two years after Souza bought the home, he sold it for a $421,000 profit, according to real estate records. Souza and Hanabusa, who were engaged at the time and married in 2008, when State Rep. Glenn Wakai introduced legislation to prevent the eating of dogs and cats, Hanabusa refused to hold hearings on it in the State Senate Judiciary Committee, preventing it from passing. The Ko Olina tax-credit legislation, intended to promote development of an aquarium at the resort. Ko Olina Resort eventually returned the tax credit, but the Lingle Administration, Hanabusas spokesperson stated these interest payments were merely repayment of a bank loan
8.
Hawaii's 1st congressional district
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Hawaiis 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Hawaii. The district is smaller and more populated than the 2nd Congressional District. It is the only district in the United States. The district is represented by Colleen Hanabusa who was elected by special election to fill the term of Democrat Mark Takai who died July 2016. Hanabusa was also elected to the seat for the term that began on January 3,2017. When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, in the reapportionment following the 1960 U. S. Census, Hawaii was entitled to a second U. S. Representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the continued to elect its Representatives at-large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962 and Hawaii was first represented by two U. S, Representatives on January 2,1963 upon the convening of the 88th Congress. The 1st Congressional District was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing at-large Representative statewide, election results from presidential races District established and redistricted from seat B of the at-large district following the 91st Congress. As of November 2016, there are three members of the House who are currently living. The most recent representative to die was Mark Takai, who died in office on July 20,2016, hawaiis congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
9.
Tulsi Gabbard
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Tulsi Gabbard is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who has been the United States Representative for Hawaiis 2nd congressional district since 2013. She was also a vice-chair of the Democratic National Committee until February 28,2016, elected in 2012, she is the first American Samoan and the first Hindu member of the United States Congress. She served in a zone in Iraq. Gabbard served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 2002 to 2004, Gabbard supports abortion rights, opposed the Trans-Pacific Partnership, has called for a restoration of the Glass–Steagall Act, and has been in favor of same-sex marriage since 2012. Tulsi Gabbard was born on April 12,1981, in Leloaloa, American Samoa and her father, Mike Gabbard, was born in Fagatogo, American Samoa, and became a naturalized citizen at age one. Her mother, Carol Gabbard, was born in Decatur, Indiana, in 1983, when Gabbard was two years old, her family moved to Hawaii. Her mother is of European descent and a practicing Hindu, Tulsi fully embraced Hinduism as a teenager. Her siblings names are Bhakti, Jai, Narayan, and Vrindavan, Gabbard was home-schooled through high school except for two years at a girls-only missionary academy in the Philippines. She graduated from Hawaii Pacific University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration in 2009 and she returned from a deployment to Iraq in 2006 and worked for U. S. Senator Daniel Akaka, then volunteered for deployment to the Middle East in 2009. After returning to Hawaii, she was elected to the Honolulu City Council, in 2012, she ran for the open 2nd Congressional District seat and won the primary with 55% of the vote in an upset over former Honolulu Mayor Mufi Hannemann. She won the election with 81% of the vote. In the House of Representatives, Gabbard serves on the Armed Services and she is also a military police officer with the Hawaii Army National Guard. In 2002, after redistricting, Gabbard ran to represent the 42nd House District of the Hawaii House of Representatives and she won the four-candidate Democratic primary with a plurality of 48% of the vote over Rida Cabanilla, Dolfo Ramos, and Gerald Vidal. Gabbard then defeated Republican Alfonso Jimenez in the election, 65%–35%. In 2004, Gabbard filed for reelection, but then volunteered for Army National Guard service in Iraq, Cabanilla, who filed for a rematch, called on the incumbent to resign because she would not be able to represent her district from Iraq. Gabbard thus decided not to campaign for a term, and Cabanilla won the Democratic primary. In 2002, at the age of 21, Gabbard became the youngest legislator ever elected in Hawaiis history and she represented the Oahu 42nd District, which covers Waipahu, Honouliuli, and Ewa Beach
10.
Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
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Hawaiis 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Hawaii. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas of Oahu/Honolulu County, besides Honolulu, the district includes the counties of Kauai, Maui, Kalawao and Hawaii. The most populous community entirely within the district is Hilo, major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching and agriculture, especially pineapple and sugarcane cultivation. The district is represented by Democrat Tulsi Gabbard, when Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large Representative to Congress pending the next United States Census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U. S. Census, instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its U. S. Two representatives were first elected in 1962 and Hawaii was first represented by two U. S, Representatives on January 2,1963 upon the convening of the 88th Congress. The 2nd Congressional District was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing an at-large U. S, historically, the 2nd Congressional District has been the more Democratic of the states two districts, with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+21. In 2004, President George W. Bush received 44 percent of the vote in district to 56 percent for Democrat John Kerry. In 2008, Democrat and Hawaii native Barack Obama carried this district overwhelmingly with 73 percent of the vote. Under the U. S. Constitution, a candidate for this only has to be a resident of Hawaii. The first non-resident to be elected to this U. S. House seat was Ed Case, the home state office of the Second Congressional District is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor. As of October 2015, there are three members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Hawaiis 2nd congressional district who are currently alive. Hawaiis congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
11.
Hiram Fong
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Hiram Leong Fong, born Yau Leong Fong, was an American businessman and politician from Hawaii. He is most notable for his service as Republican United States Senator from 1959 to 1977, in 1964, Fong became the first Asian American to run for his partys nomination for President of the United States. Asian-American Patsy Mink, also from Hawaii, sought the nomination as a Democrat in 1972, Fong was born in the Honolulu neighborhood of Kalihi on the island of Oahu as the seventh of 12 children of father Fong Sau Howe and mother Fong Lum Shee. He attended local schools and graduated from McKinley High School in 1924. In 1930, Fong obtained a degree from the University of Hawaii at Manoa and he returned to Honolulu and worked in the Office of the Prosecuting Attorney of Honolulu. In 1938, Fong went into legal practice and founded the firm of Fong, Miho, Choy. In 1942, he changed his name to Hiram, during World War II he served as a major in the United States Army Air Forces as a Judge Advocate, later retiring as a colonel from the United States Air Force Reserve. The same year he founded his law office, Fong entered elected political life as a member of the Hawaii Territorial House of Representatives where he became Speaker of the House from 1948 to 1954. During this time, he was one of the foremost leaders in the fight to make Hawaii a state, Fong founded several businesses after leaving the legislature. Upon achieving statehood through the Admission Act of 1959, Hawaii returned Fong to elected office becoming one of its first United States Senators and he served alongside former Governor of Hawaii Oren E. Long, a Democrat and popular territorial leader. Fong sought civil rights legislation in the Senate and supported both the Vietnam War and President Nixon during the Watergate scandal, Senator Fong was booed by a hearing audience for defending George Romney, Secretary of Housing and Development, in the wake of a real estate industry scandal. He twice ran favorite son campaigns for the Republican presidential nomination, in 1964, he became the first Asian American to receive votes for president at a major party convention, receiving the votes of the Hawaii and Alaska delegations. Fong was the first Hawaii-born individual to run for President of the United States, along with the papers, Sen. Fong also provided generous financial support towards their preservation and processing. The bulk of the cover the years that Sen. Fong served in Congress. Included in the collection are series of Washington office files, Hawaii office files, Post Office and Civil Service Committee materials, campaign memorabilia, photographs, also in the papers are a few professional and personal materials from his pre-Congressional life such as Harvard Law School notes. Approximately 80 boxes of books accompanied Sen. Fongs papers, several dedicated to him for his important work on Senate committees such as the Post Office and Civil Service Committee. A few of the books were kept with the congressional collection, a gift book plate was designed for these incorporating the senators noted signature. The papers were processed in 2003 by archivist Dorothy Dee Hazelrigg, a Finding Aid, which provides detailed listings of the materials, is available at The Sen. Hiram L. Fong Papers web site
12.
86th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1959 to January 3,1961, during the last two years of the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventeenth Census of the United States in 1950, both chambers had a Democratic majority. When Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states in 1959, the membership of the House temporarily increased to 437, 86–72 September 14,1959, Landrum–Griffin Act, Pub. L. 86–257,73 Stat.519 April 22,1960, Narcotics Manufacturing Act of 1960, 86–429,74 Stat.55 May 6,1960, Civil Rights Act of 1960, Pub. L. 86–449,74 Stat.86 June 12,1960, Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960, 86–517,74 Stat.215 July 14,1960, Flood Control Act of 1960, Pub. L. 86–845,74 Stat.488 September 13,1960, Social Security Amendments, Democratic,64, then 65 Republican,34, then 35 TOTAL members,98, then 100 Democratic,283 Republican,153 Independent,1 TOTAL members,437. The increase over the usual 435 members was due to the admission of Alaska and Hawaii, President of the Senate, Richard Nixon President pro tempore, Carl Hayden Majority Leader, Lyndon B. Johnson Majority Whip, Mike Mansfield Caucus Secretary, Thomas C. Hennings Jr. Kirwan Minority Leader, Charles A, hoeven Policy Committee Chairman, John W. Byrnes House Democratic Caucus Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers, duke Clerk, Ralph R. Roberts Doorkeeper, William Mosley Fishbait Miller Parliamentarian, Lewis Deschler Postmaster, H. H. Morris Sergeant at Arms, Zeake W. Johnson, Jr. Biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress, archived from the original on June 1,2006. Archived from the original on June 1,2006, archived from the original on June 1,2006. House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 86th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 86th Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 86th Congress, 2nd Session, pocket Congressional Directory for the 86th Congress
13.
Oren E. Long
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Oren Ethelbirt Long, was the tenth Territorial Governor of Hawaii and served from 1951 to 1953. A member of the Democratic Party of Hawaii, Long was appointed to the office after the term of Ingram Stainback, after statehood was achieved he served in the United States Senate, one of the first two, along with Hiram Fong, to represent Hawaii in that body. Long was the only non-Asian American U. S, Senator from Hawaii until the appointment of Brian Schatz to the position in 2012. Long was born in Altoona, Kansas and attended Johnson Bible College in Knoxville, Tennessee, the University of Michigan and he first came to Hawaii in 1917 as a social worker in Hilo. He then held various positions in the public school system. He was appointed Governor of the Territory of Hawaii by President of the United States Harry Truman in 1951, Long served in the Hawaii Territorial Senate from 1956-1959. On July 28,1959 he was elected to one of the two Senate seats from the newly formed State of Hawaii, and took office on August 21,1959, the other Senator elected was Republican Hiram Fong. Long chose not to run for a full term in 1962. For his entire tenure Long was Hawaiis Senior Senator, as he took office the day with fellow Senator from new state. After three rounds of questioning, the panel successfully guessed him to be the senator from Hawaii and he died in 1965 after suffering an attack of asthmatic bronchitis in Honolulu, Hawaii and was buried in Oahu Cemetery. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
14.
87th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1961 to January 3,1963, during the first two years of the administration of U. S. President John Kennedy. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventeenth Census of the United States in 1950, both chambers had a Democratic majority. January 3,1961, President Eisenhower severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba, January 20,1961, Inauguration of President John Kennedy and Vice President Lyndon Johnson April 17,1961, Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba began, it fails by April 19. May 4,1961, Freedom Riders began interstate bus rides to test the new U. S. Supreme Court integration decision, may 5,1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard Mercury-Redstone 3. October 14,1962 - October 28,1962, Cuban Missile Crisis May 1,1961, Area Redevelopment Act, 87–27,75 Stat.47 August 30,1961, Oil Pollution Act of 1961, Pub. L. 87–167,75 Stat.402 September 4,1961, The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 87–195,75 Stat.424 September 13,1961, Interstate Wire Act of 1961, Pub. L. 87–216,75 Stat.491 September 21,1961, Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, 87–256,75 Stat.527 September 22,1961, Peace Corps Act of 1961, Pub. L. 87–293,75 Stat.612 September 26,1961, Arms Control and Disarmament Act of 1961, 87–297,75 Stat.631 October 15,1961, Community Health Services and Facilities Act, Pub. L. 87–395,75 Stat.824 March 15,1962, Manpower Development and Training Act, 87–415,76 Stat.23 June 28,1962, Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, Pub. L. 87–510,76 Stat.121 August 13,1962, Communications Satellite Act, 87–624,76 Stat.419 October 11,1962, Trade Expansion Act, Pub. L. 87–794,76 Stat.872 October 23,1962, Bribery Act, 87–849,76 Stat.1119 October 23,1962, Vaccination Assistance Act of 1962, Pub. L. 87–868,76 Stat.1155 October 23,1962, River and Harbor Act of 1962, Pub. L. Hickenlooper Speaker, Sam Rayburn, until November 16,1961 John W. Walter Caucus Secretary, Leonor Sullivan Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman, Michael J. Kirwan Minority Leader, Charles A. Hoeven Policy Committee Chairman, John W. Byrnes House Democratic Caucus Senators are popularly elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers, harrison Chaplain, Frederick Brown Harris Parliamentarian, Charles Watkins Secretary, Felton McLellan Johnston Sergeant at Arms, Joseph C. Duke Chaplain, Bernard Braskamp Clerk, Ralph R. Roberts Doorkeeper, William Mosley Fishbait Miller Parliamentarian, Lewis Deschler Postmaster, H. H. Morris Sergeant at Arms, Zeake W. Johnson, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 87th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 87th Congress, 1st Session, official Congressional Directory for the 87th Congress, 2nd Session
15.
88th United States Congress
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The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960, and the number of members was again 435. Both chambers had a Democratic majority, november 22,1963, Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States on the death of President John Kennedy. March 30 – June 10,1964, The longest filibuster in the history of the Senate was waged against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with 57 days of debate over a 73-day period. It ended when the Senate voted 71–29 to invoke cloture, with the carried out by southern members of the Democratic Party. August 2–4,1964, Gulf of Tonkin Incident June 10,1963, Equal Pay Act, 88–38 October 17,1963, Department of Defense Appropriations Act, Pub. L. 88–149 October 31,1963, Community Mental Health Centers Act, 88–164, title II, including Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act December 17,1963, Clean Air Act, Pub. L. 88–206 July 2,1964, Civil Rights Act of 1964, 88–352 July 9,1964, Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, Pub. L. 88–365 August 7,1964, Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Pub. L, 88–408 August 20,1964, Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, Pub. L. 88–452 August 31,1964, Food Stamp Act of 1964, 88–525 September 3,1964, Wilderness Act, Pub. L. 88–577 September 4,1964, Nurse Training Act, Pub. L, senators are ordered first by state, and then by seniority. Harrison Chaplain, Frederick Brown Harris, Methodist Parliamentarian, Charles Watkins Floyd Riddick Secretary, Felton McLellan Johnston Sergeant at Arms, Joseph C. Duke Clerk, Ralph R. Roberts Doorkeeper, William Mosley Fishbait Miller Parliamentarian, Lewis Deschler Postmaster, H. H. Morris Sergeant at Arms, Zeake W. Johnson, Senate history Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 88th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 88th Congress, 1st Session, official Congressional Directory for the 88th Congress, 2nd Session. Pocket Congressional Directory for the 88th Congress
16.
Daniel Inouye
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Daniel Ken Dan Inouye was a United States Senator from Hawaii from 1963 to 2012. Inouye also served as chairman of the U. S. Senate Committee on Appropriations, Inouye fought in World War II as part of the 442nd Infantry Regiment. He lost his arm to a grenade wound and received several military decorations, including the nations highest military award. Returning to Hawaii, he earned a law degree and was elected to Hawaiis territorial House of Representatives in 1953, and to the territorial Senate in 1957. When Hawaii achieved statehood in 1959, Inouye was elected as its first member of the U. S. House of Representatives, Inouye was the most senior U. S. senator at the time of his death. He is one of the longest-serving U. S, senators in history, second only to Robert Byrd. Inouye was the first Japanese American to serve in the U. S. House of Representatives and he never lost an election in 58 years as an elected official, and exercised an exceptionally large influence on Hawaii politics. At the time of his death, Inouye was the second-oldest sitting U. S. senator, seven and one-half months younger than Frank Lautenberg of New Jersey and he was a Medal of Honor recipient and a posthumous recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Daniel Inouye was born on September 7,1924, in Honolulu, Hawaii and he was a Nisei Japanese American, the son of a Japanese immigrant father and a mother whose parents had migrated from Japan. He grew up in the Bingham Tract, a Chinese-American enclave in the predominantly Japanese American community of Mōʻiliʻili in Honolulu, Inouye graduated from Honolulus President William McKinley High School. During the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Inouye served as a medical volunteer, in 1943, when the U. S. Army dropped its enlistment ban on Japanese Americans, Inouye curtailed his premedical studies at the University of Hawaii and enlisted in the Army. He volunteered to be part of the segregated all-Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team and this army formation was mostly made up of second-generation Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland. Inouye was promoted to sergeant within his first year, and he was assigned as a platoon sergeant and he received a battlefield commission to second lieutenant for his actions there, becoming the youngest officer in his regiment. He continued to carry the coins throughout the war in his pocket as good luck charms. On April 21,1945, Inouye was grievously wounded while leading an assault on a heavily defended ridge near San Terenzo in Tuscany, Italy, called the Colle Musatello. The ridge served as a strongpoint of the German fortifications known as the Gothic Line, as he led his platoon in a flanking maneuver, three German machine guns opened fire from covered positions 40 yards away, pinning his men to the ground. Inouye stood up to attack and was shot in the stomach, ignoring his wound, he proceeded to attack and destroy the first machine gun nest with hand grenades and his Thompson submachine gun. As his squad distracted the third machine gunner, Inouye crawled toward the final bunker, Inouyes horrified soldiers moved to his aid, but he shouted for them to keep back out of fear his severed fist would involuntarily relax and drop the grenade
17.
89th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1965 to January 3,1967, during the third and fourth years of Lyndon Johnsons presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960, both chambers had a Democratic supermajority. It is regarded as arguably the most productive in American history, some of its landmark legislation includes Social Security Amendments of 1965, the Voting Rights Act, Higher Education Act, and Freedom of Information Act. January 4,1965, President Johnson proclaimed his Great Society during his State of the Union Address, January 20,1965, Inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson as President and Hubert Humphrey as Vice President. L. 89–10 July 27,1965, Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, 89–92 July 30,1965, Social Security Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–97 August 6,1965, Voting Rights Act, Pub. L, 89–110 August 10,1965, Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965, Pub. L. 89–117 August 26,1965, Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, 89–136 September 29,1965, National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act, Pub. L. 89–209 October 3,1965, Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, 89–236 October 6,1965, Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments, Pub. L. 89–239 October 20,1965, Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act, 89–272 October 22,1965, Highway Beautification Act, Pub. L. 89–285 November 8,1965, Higher Education Act, Pub. L, 89–329 November 8,1965, Vocational Rehabilitation Act Amendments Pub. L. 89–333 April 13,1966, Uniform Time Act, Pub. L, 89–387 July 13,1966, Cotton Research and Promotion Act, Pub. L. 89–554, which enacted what is now called the Freedom of Information Act September 9,1966, National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, 89–563 October 15,1966, National Historic Preservation Act, Pub. L. 89–665 October 15,1966, National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act, 89–669, §4–5 October 15,1966, Department of Transportation Act, Pub. L. 89–670 November 2,1966, Cuban Adjustment Act, Pub. L, 89–732 November 3,1966, Comprehensive Health, Planning and Service Act, Pub. L. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the Changes in membership section, kirwan Minority Leader, Gerald Ford Minority Whip, Leslie C. Arends Republican Conference Chairman, Melvin R. Laird Policy Committee Chairman, John Jacob Rhodes House Democratic Caucus This list is arranged by chamber, senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district. Senators are popularly elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, names of members are preceded by their district numbers
18.
90th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1967 to January 3,1969, during the last two years of the second administration of U. S. President Lyndon Johnson. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960, both chambers had a Democratic majority. April 4,1967, Supplemental Defense Appropriations Act, Pub. L, 90–8,81 Stat.8 November 7,1967, Public Broadcasting Act, Pub. L. 90–129,81 Stat.365 December 15,1967, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, 90–202,81 Stat.602 December 18,1967, National Park Foundation Act, Pub. L. 90–209,81 Stat.6561968, Bilingual Education Act, 90–247 March 1,1968, Fire Research and Safety Act of 1968, Pub. L. 90–259,82 Stat.34 April 11,1968, Civil Rights Act of 1968,73, including Title II, Indian Civil Rights Act,82 Stat.77 May 29,1968, Truth in Lending Act, Pub. L. 90–321 June 19,1968, Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, 90–351,82 Stat.197 July 21,1968, Aircraft Noise Abatement Act, Pub. L. 90–411 October 2,1968, Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, 90–542,82 Stat.906 October 2,1968, National Trails System Act, Pub. L. 90–543,82 Stat.919 October 15,1968, Health Services and Facilities Amendments of 1968,1006, including Title III, Alcoholic and Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Amendments of 1968 October 18,1968, Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968, Pub. L. 90–602,82 Stat.1173 October 22,1968, Foreign Military Sales Act of 1968, 1320-2 October 22,1968, Gun Control Act of 1968, Pub. L. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the Changes in membership section, kirwan Minority Leader, Gerald Ford Minority Whip, Leslie C. Arends Conference Chair, Melvin Laird Policy Committee Chairman, John Jacob Rhodes House Democratic Caucus This list is arranged by chamber, senators are listed by their classes, and Representatives are listed by district. Senators are popularly elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, the count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. George Stewart Attending Physician of the United States Congress, Rufus Pearson Comptroller General of the United States, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 90th Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 90th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 90th Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 90th Congress, 2nd Session
19.
91st United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1969 to January 3,1971, during the first two years of the first administration of U. S. President Richard Nixon. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960, both chambers had a Democratic majority. December 30,1969, Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act, 91–1731969, Tax Reform Act of 1969, Pub. L. 91–172 January 1,1970, National Environmental Policy Act, Pub. L, 91–190 April 3,1970, Environmental Quality Improvement Act, Pub. L. 91–224 May 21,1970, Airport and Airway Development Act, 91–258, title I August 12,1970, Postal Reorganization Act, Pub. L. 91–375 August 15,1970, Economic Stabilization Act September 22,1970, District of Columbia Delegate Act, 91–405 October 15,1970, Organized Crime Control Act, Pub. L. 91–452 (including the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act 1970, Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970, 91–453 October 26,1970, Bank Secrecy Act, Pub. L. 91–508 October 27,1970, Controlled Substances Act, Pub. L, 91–5131970, Rail Passenger Service Act, Pub. L. 91–518 December 24,1970, Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970, 91–572 December 24,1970, Plant Variety Protection Act, Pub. L. 91–577 December 29,1970, Occupational Safety and Health Act, 91–596 December 31,1970, Clean Air Act Extension, Pub. L. 91–604 December 31,1970, Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, 91–609, including title VII, National Urban Policy and New Community Development Act of 1970 January 12,1971, Foreign Military Sales Act of 1971, Pub. L. 91–6721971, Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act, Pub. L, Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the Changes in membership section. Arends Conference Chair, John B. Anderson Policy Committee Chairman, John Jacob Rhodes House Democratic Caucus This list is arranged by chamber, senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district. Senators are popularly elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the article may only describe the district as it exists today. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 91st Congress
20.
92nd United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1971 to January 3,1973, during the third and fourth years of Richard Nixons presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1960 Census, both chambers had a Democratic majority. Passing legislation on revenue-sharing was a key event of the congress, president Richard Nixon had it listed on his list of top policies to cover for the year. Nixon signed the bill into law at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, the law gained support from many state and local officials including, San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto whose city received $27 million in revenue-sharing money in the first year. December 18,1971, Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, Pub. L, 92–203,85 Stat.688 December 23,1971, National Cancer Act, Pub. L. 92–218,85 Stat.778 February 7,1972, Federal Election Campaign Act, 92–225,86 Stat.3 March 24,1972, Equal Employment Opportunity Act, Pub. L. 92–261,86 Stat.103 June 23,1972, Title IX Amendment of the Higher Education Act, 92–318,86 Stat.235 October 6,1972, Federal Advisory Committee Act, Pub. L. 92–463,86 Stat.770 October 18,1972, Federal Water Pollution Control Amendments of 1972, 92–500,86 Stat.816 October 21,1972, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Pub. L. 92–522,86 Stat.1027 October 27,1972, Consumer Product Safety Act, 92–573,86 Stat.1207 October 27,1972, Noise Control Act, Pub. L. 92–574,86 Stat.1234 October 27,1972, Coastal Zone Management Act, Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the Changes in membership section. Arends Conference Chair, John B. Anderson Policy Committee Chairman, John Jacob Rhodes Congressional Black Caucus House Democratic Caucus This list is arranged by chamber, senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district. Senators are popularly elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress, white, appointed January 27,1971 Attending Physician of the United States Congress, Rufus Pearson Comptroller General of the United States, Elmer B. Staats Librarian of Congress, Lawrence Quincy Mumford Public Printer of the United States, Adolphus N. Spence Chaplain, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 92nd Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 92nd Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 92nd Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 92nd Congress, 2nd Session
21.
93rd United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1973 to January 3,1975, during the end of Richard Nixons presidency, and the beginning of Gerald Fords. This Congress was the first Congress with more than two Senate Presidents, in case, three. After the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Gerald Ford was appointed under the authority of the newly ratified 25th Amendment, Ford became President the next year and Nelson Rockefeller was appointed in his place. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970, both chambers had a Democratic majority. 93–87, title I,87 Stat.250 September 26,1973, Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 93–112,87 Stat.355 October 1,1973, Domestic Volunteer Services Act of 1973, Pub. L. 93–113,87 Stat.394 October 4,1973, Oil Pollution Act of 1973, 424-2 November 3,1973, Amtrak Improvement Act, Pub. L. 93–146,87 Stat.548 November 7,1973, War Powers Resolution, 93–148,87 Stat.555 November 29,1973, Hobby Protection Act,87 Stat.686 December 28,1973, Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, Pub. L. 93–203 December 28,1973, Endangered Species Act, Pub. L, 93–205,87 Stat.884 December 29,1973, Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973, Pub. L. 93–222 March 7,1974, Water Resources Development Act of 1974, 93–251,88 Stat.34 May 22,1974, Disaster Relief Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93–288,88 Stat.143 July 12,1974, Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, 93–344,88 Stat.297 July 25,1974, Legal Services Corporation Act, Pub. L. 93–355,88 Stat.378 August 21,1974, Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 93–380, title V, §513,88 Stat.571 September 2,1974, Employee Retirement Income Security Act, Pub. L. 93–406,88 Stat.829 September 7,1974, Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, 93–415,88 Stat.1109 October 29,1974, Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93–498,88 Stat.1535 November 26,1974, National Mass Transportation Assistance Act, 93–503,88 Stat.1565 December 3,1974, Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Assistance Act, Pub. L. 93–508,88 Stat.1578 December 16,1974, Safe Drinking Water Act, 93–523,88 Stat.1660 December 31,1974, Privacy Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93–579,88 Stat.1896 January 2,1975, An Act to Establish Rules of Evidence for Certain Courts and Proceedings, 93–595,88 Stat.1926 January 3,1975, Trade Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93–618,88 Stat.1978 January 3,1975, Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 93–633, title I,88 Stat.2156 January 4,1975, National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, Pub. L. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, skip down to House of Representatives Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers
22.
94th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1975 to January 3,1977, during the administration of U. S. President Gerald Ford. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970, both chambers had a Democratic majority. L. 94–142,89 Stat.773 December 23,1975, Metric Conversion Act, 94–168 December 23,1975, Revenue Adjustment Act, Pub. L. 94–164,89 Stat.970 February 5,1976, Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act, 94–210,90 Stat.31 September 13,1976, Government in the Sunshine Act, Pub. L. 94–409,90 Stat.1241 September 30,1976, Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act, 94–435,90 Stat.1383 October 11,1976, Toxic Substances Control Act, Pub. L. 94–469,90 Stat.2003 October 12,1976, Overhaul of vocational education programs Pub. L, 94–482,90 Stat.2169 October 19,1976, Copyright Act of 1976, Pub. L. 94–553,90 Stat.2541 October 21,1976, Federal Land Policy and Management Act, 94–579,90 Stat.2744 October 21,1976, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Pub. L. 94–580,90 Stat.2795 October 22,1976, National Forest Management Act, 94–588,90 Stat.2949 Membership changed with two resignations and a disputed election. Bennett Johnston Minority Leader, Hugh Scott Minority Whip, Robert P. Corman, from June 18,1976 Minority Leader, John Jacob Rhodes Minority Whip, Robert H. Michel Conference Chair, many of the congressional districts are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the article may only describe the district as it exists today. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress, white Attending Physician of the United States Congress, Freeman H. Cary Comptroller General of the United States, Elmer B. Staats Director of the Congressional Budget Office, Alice M. Rivlin Librarian of Congress, Daniel J. Boorstin Public Printer of the United States, Thomas F. McCormick Chaplain, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress Public Laws of the 94th Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 94th Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 94th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 94th Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 94th Congress, 2nd Session
23.
Spark Matsunaga
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Spark Masayuki Matsunaga was a United States Senator from Hawaii, serving from 1977 until his death in 1990. Matsunaga grew up on the Hawaiian island of Kauai and graduated from Kauai High School and he attended the University of Hawaii and received his bachelors degree in 1941. After his release from the Army as a Captain, Matsunaga entered Harvard Law School and he served as a public prosecutor and private-practice attorney, and was a member of both the Hawaiian statehood delegation to Congress and the territorial legislature. After Daniel Inouye was elected to the Senate, Matsunaga succeeded him as the sole member of the House of Representatives. After Hawaii was split into districts for the 1970 elections, Matsunaga was elected for Hawaiis 1st congressional district, comprising Honolulus inner ring and that year, with Hiram Fong retiring, Matsunaga defeated Hawaiis other House representative, Patsy Mink for the Democratic Party nomination for Senator. Matsunaga went on to serve in the United States Senate from 1977 until his death in 1990, Matsunaga went to Toronto General Hospital for treatment and died in Toronto on April 15,1990 at the age of 73 from prostate cancer. His flag draped casket lay in state in the rotunda of the State Capitol in Honolulu, Matsunaga was known for his sense of humor. One such famous incident involved Matsunaga and then-Secretary of State Alexander Haig at a White House reception for Japanese Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki in 1981, Haig reportedly mistook Matsunaga for a member of the Japanese delegation and asked if he spoke English. Matsunaga replied, Yes, Mr. Secretary, I do — and I had the honor of voting for your confirmation the other day, Matsunaga became a well-known figure in Asia as the incident is often cited by Asian American and Asian media. In 1997, Matsunagas widow donated his papers to the University of Hawaii at Manoa, there were approximately 1200 boxes of material including documents, photographs, videos, and memorabilia from his 28 years in Congress. Approximately 3000 books, journals, published reports, and state, a few were kept with the papers and others were added to the collections of University of Hawaii at Manoa Library, other UH campuses, or academic institutions in the Pacific region. The papers were processed by archivist Ellen Chapman and are available to researchers in the Archives & Manuscripts Department by appointment. A Finding Aid, which provides a timeline, series descriptions, also for 22 years Matsunaga presented legislation in Congress for the creation of the position of United States Poet Laureate. In 1985, legislation was passed authorizing the position of Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress. A bronze statue honoring him is in the Spark M. Matsunaga International Childrens Garden For Peace at the Storybook Theatre of Hawaii in his hometown of Hanapepe, Matsunagas portrait currently appears on US Series I Bonds in the $10,000 denomination. There is also a school in Germantown, Maryland, named after him. The VA Hospital in Honolulu is named Spark M. Matsunaga VA Medical Center,459 Patterson Road Honolulu, HI96819 808-433-0600 | 800-214-1306 http, //www. hawaii. va. gov/ United States Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Spark M. Matsunaga biography United States Institute of Peace
24.
95th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1977 to January 3,1979, during the first two years of the administration of U. S. President Jimmy Carter. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970, both chambers had a Democratic majority. All three super majorities were Democratic party and also were accompanied by Democratic Presidents, as of 2015, this is the most recent Congress to approve an amendment to the Constitution. February 8,1978, Senate proceedings are broadcast on radio for the first time, August 7,1978, Love Canal Disaster September 17,1978, Camp David Accords Project MKULTRA — August 3,1977, Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act, Pub. L. 95–87,91 Stat.445 August 4,1977, Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977, 95–91,91 Stat.565 October 12,1977, Community Reinvestment Act, Pub. L. 95–128, title VIII,91 Stat.1147 November 23,1977, Saccharin Study and Labeling Act of 1977, 95–203,91 Stat.1451 December 27,1977, Clean Water Act, Pub. L. 95–217,91 Stat.1566 December 28,1977, International Emergency Economic Powers Act, 95–223, title II,91 Stat.1626 March 10,1978, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–242,92 Stat.120 October 10,1978, Susan B, anthony Dollar Coin Act of 1979, Pub. L. 95–447,92 Stat.1072 October 13,1978, Civil Service Reform Act, 95–454,92 Stat.1111 October 24,1978, Airline Deregulation Act, Pub. L. 95–504,92 Stat.1705 October 25,1978, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, 95–511,92 Stat.1783 October 26,1978, Ethics in Government Act, Pub. L. 95–521,92 Stat.1824 October 27,1978, Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act, 95–523,92 Stat.1887 October 31,1978, Pregnancy Discrimination Act, Pub. L. 95–555,92 Stat.2076 November 1,1978, Contract Disputes Act, 95–563,92 Stat.2383 November 4,1978, Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–590,92 Stat.2513 November 6,1978, Bankruptcy Act of 1978, 95–598,92 Stat.2549 November 8,1978, Indian Child Welfare Act, Pub. L. 95–608,92 Stat.3069 November 9,1978, National Energy Conservation Policy Act, members of the House of Representatives elected statewide at-large, are preceded by At-large, and the names of those elected from districts, are preceded by their district numbers. Many of the district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the article may only describe the district as it exists today. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress, white Attending Physician of the United States Congress, Freeman H. Cary Comptroller General of the United States, Elmer B. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts
25.
96th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1979 to January 3,1981, during the last two years of the administration of U. S. President Jimmy Carter. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1970 Census, both chambers had a Democratic majority. Helens erupted 1980 United States heat wave November 4,1980, United States elections, Republicans gain control of the Senate, the first time Republicans gain control of any chamber since 1954. September 9,1979, Panama Canal Act of 1979, Pub. L, 96–70,93 Stat.452 April 10,1979, Taiwan Relations Act, Pub. L. 96–8 October 17,1979, Department of Education Organization Act, 96–88,93 Stat.668 March 17,1980, Refugee Act, Pub. L. 96–212,94 Stat.102 September 19,1980, Regulatory Flexibility Act, 96–354,94 Stat.1164 September 29,1980, Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96–366,94 Stat.1322 October 14,1980, Staggers Rail Act of 1980, 96–448,94 Stat.1895 October 15,1980, Classified Information Procedures Act, Pub. L. 96–456,94 Stat.2025 December 2,1980, Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, 96–487,94 Stat.2371 December 11,1980, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, Pub. L. 96–510,94 Stat.2767 December 11,1980, Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 96–511,94 Stat.2812 December 12,1980, Defense Officer Personnel Management Act, Pub. L. 96–513 December 12,1980, Bayh–Dole Act, Pub. L, 96–517,94 Stat.3018 December 22,1980, Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980, Pub. L. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress, white Attending Physician of the United States Congress, Freeman H. Cary Comptroller General of the United States, Elmer B. Staats Director of the Congressional Budget Office, Alice M. Rivlin Librarian of Congress, Daniel J. Boorstin Public Printer of the United States, John J. Boyle Chaplain, Edward L. R. Ford Clerk, Edmund L. Henshaw, Jr. Doorkeeper, James T. Malloy Parliamentarian, William Holmes Brown Postmaster, Robert V. Rota Sergeant at Arms, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 96th Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 96th Congress, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 96th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 96th Congress, 1st Session
26.
97th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1981 to January 3,1983, during the final weeks of Jimmy Carters presidency and the first two years of Ronald Reagans presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Nineteenth Census of the United States in 1970, the House of Representatives had a Democratic majority. The Republicans gained control of the Senate, the first time that Republicans gained control of any chamber of Congress since 1953, november 2,1982, United States general elections, Republicans retained Senate and Democrats increased control in House. August 13,1981 – Economic Recovery Tax Act, Pub. L, 97–34,95 Stat.172 August 13,1981 – Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, Pub. L. 97–35,95 Stat.357 September 3,1982 – Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982, 97–248,96 Stat.324 September 8,1982 - Uniformed Services Former Spouses Protection Act USFSPA, Pub. L. 97–252,96 Stat.730 September 20,1982 – Bus Regulatory Reform Act, 97–261,96 Stat.1102 October 13,1982 – Job Training Partnership Act of 1982, Pub. L. 97–300,96 Stat.1322 October 15,1982 – Garn–St, 97–320,96 Stat.1469 January 6,1983 – Surface Transportation Assistance Act, Pub. L. 97–424,96 Stat.2140 January 7,1983 – Nuclear Waste Policy Act, 97–425,96 Stat. Michel Minority Whip, Trent Lott Chief Deputy Whip, David F. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district, members of the House of Representatives are listed by their district numbers. There were 4 deaths,4 resignations, one declared vacancy, white Attending Physician of the United States Congress, Freeman H. Cary Comptroller General of the United States, Elmer B. Halverson Historian, Richard A. Baker Parliamentarian, Robert Dove Secretary, J. Stanley Kimmitt, W. F. Hildenbrand Sergeant at Arms, Frank Hoffmann, Howard S. Liebengood Secretary for the Majority, Howard O. Greene, Jr. Secretary for the Minority, Walter J. Stewart Chaplain, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 97th Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 97th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 97th Congress
27.
98th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1983 to January 3,1985, during the third and fourth years of Ronald Reagans Presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980, the Republicans controlled the Senate, while the Democrats controlled the House of Representatives. February 24,1983, A special commission of the Congress released a critical of the practice of Japanese internment during World War II. March 23,1983, President Ronald Reagan made his Strategic Defense Initiative proposal, april 18,1983, U. S. Embassy bombed in Beirut, killing 63 people. 98–21 November 2,1983, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day law, 98–399 July 17,1984, Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–365 July 17,1984, National Minimum Drinking Age Act, 98–363 September 28,1984, Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, Pub. L. 98–435 October 12,1984, Comprehensive Crime Control Act, Pub. L, 98–473, title II October 19,1984, National Archives and Records Administration Act, Pub. L. 98–497 October 19,1984, Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act of 1984, 98–499 October 30,1984, Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98–575 President, George Bush President pro tempore, Strom Thurmond Majority Leader, Howard Baker Majority Whip, Ted Stevens Republican Conference Chairman, Democratic Caucus Chairman, Gillis William Long Caucus Secretary, Geraldine Ferraro Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman, Tony Coelho Minority Leader, Robert H. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, halverson Historian, Richard A. Baker Parliamentarian, Bob Dove Secretary, W. F. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 98th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 98th Congress
28.
99th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1985 to January 3,1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagans presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980, the Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives. January 20,1985, Ronald Reagan was privately sworn in for a term as U. S. President. January 28,1986, Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, Destruction of the shuttle, April 15,1986, Operation El Dorado Canyon, At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region. October 21,1986, The Marshall Islands achieved independence from U. S. -administered UN Trusteeship, November 3,1986, The Federated States of Micronesia achieved independence from U. S. -administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association. November 4,1986, United States general elections,1986, Congressional Democrats regained their Senate majority, December 12,1985, Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 Pub. L. 99–177 December 17,1985, Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, 99–185 April 7,1986, Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 Pub. L. 99–272 May 19,1986, Firearm Owners Protection Act, Pub. L, 99–308 October 1,1986, Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–433 October 2,1986, Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, Pub. L, 99–440 October 17,1986, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Pub. L. 99–499 October 21,1986, Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, 99–508 October 22,1986, Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514 October 27,1986, Anti-Drug Abuse Act, Pub. L, 99–570 October 31,1986, Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Pub. L. 99–592 November 6,1986, Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, 99–603, S.1200 November 17,1986, Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Pub. L. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 99th Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 99th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 99th Congress
29.
100th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1987, to January 3,1989, during the last two years of Ronald Reagans presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980, both chambers had a Democratic majority. L. 100–17,101 Stat.132 July 22,1987 — McKinney-Vento Act, 100–77,101 Stat.482 August 20,1987 — Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Act of 1987, Pub. L. 100–107,101 Stat.724 September 29,1987 — Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987, 100–119, title I January 7,1988 — Computer Security Act of 1987, Pub. L. 100–235,101 Stat.1724 March 22,1988 - Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 Pub. L, 100–259 June 27,1988 — Supreme Court Case Selections Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100–352,102 Stat.662 July 1,1988 — Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act, 100–360,102 Stat.683 August 4,1988 — Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, Pub. L. 100–379,102 Stat.890 August 10,1988 — Civil Liberties Act of 1988, 100–383, title I,101 Stat.904 October 13,1988 — Family Support Act, Pub. L. 100–485,102 Stat.2343 October 17,1988 — Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, 100–497,102 Stat.2467 October 24,1988 — Health Maintenance Organization Amendments of 1988, Pub. L. 100–517,102 Stat.2578 October 25,1988 — Department of Veterans Affairs Act, 100–527,102 Stat.2635 November 4,1988 - AIDS amendments of 1988, Pub. L. 100–607,102 Stat.3048 November 17,1988 — Water Resources Development Act of 1988, 100–676 November 18,1988 — Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, Pub. L. Sergeant at Arms, Henry K. Giugni Parliamentarian, William H. Brown Historian, Richard A. Baker Chaplain, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 100th Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 100th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 100th Congress
30.
101st United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1989, to January 3,1991, during the first two years of the administration of U. S. President George H. W. Bush. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980, both chambers had a Democratic majority. January 20,1989, George H. W. L, 101–12,103 Stat.16 October 28,1989, Flag Protection Act of 1989, Pub. L. 101–131,103 Stat.777 May 22,1990, Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989, 101–298,104 Stat.201 July 26,1990, Americans with Disabilities Act, Pub. L. 101–336,104 Stat.327 August 18,1990, Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 101–380,104 Stat.484 September 25,1990, Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–391,104 Stat.747 October 30,1990, Native American Languages Act of 1990, 101–477,104 Stat.1152 November 5,1990, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–508,104 Stat.1388 November 12,1990, Water Resources Development Act of 1990, 101–640 November 15,1990, Administrative Dispute Resolution Act, Pub. L. 101–552,104 Stat.2736 November 16,1990, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, 101–601,104 Stat.3048 November 29,1990, Negotiated Rulemaking Act, Pub. L. 101–648,104 Stat.4969 November 29,1990, Immigration Act of 1990, 101–649,104 Stat.4978 December 1,1990, Judicial Improvements Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–650,104 Stat.5128 October 22,1990, Civil Rights Act of 1990, override attempt failed in Senate, 66-34. March 1,1989, Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district. The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers, halverson Historian, Richard A. Baker Parliamentarian, Alan Frumin Secretary, Walter J. Stewart Secretary for the Majority, C. Abbott Saffold Secretary for the Minority, Howard O. Green, Jr. Sergeant at Arms, Henry K. Giugni Chaplain, James David Ford Clerk, Donnald K. Anderson Doorkeeper, James T. Molloy Historian, Ray Smock Parliamentarian, William H. Brown Postmaster, Robert V. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 101st Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 101st Congress
31.
Daniel Akaka
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Daniel Kahikina Akaka is an American politician who was a United States Senator from Hawaii from 1990 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, Akaka was the first U. S, born in Honolulu, he served in the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II. He attended the University of Hawaii, where he received his bachelors and masters degrees, originally a high school teacher, he went on to serve as a principal for six years. In 1969, he was hired by the Department of Education as a chief program planner, in the 1970s, he served in various governmental positions. He was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1976 to represent Hawaiis Second Congressional District, in 1990, he was appointed to the U. S. Senate to succeed the deceased Spark Matsunaga. Akaka would later be re-elected to three full terms, in March 2011, he announced that he would not run for re-election in 2012. After fellow senator Daniel Inouye died on December 17,2012, Akaka became the senior senator. He was succeeded by fellow Democrat Mazie Hirono, Daniel Kahikina Akaka was born in Honolulu, the son of Annie and Kahikina Akaka. His paternal grandfather was born in Swatow, Guangdong, Qing China and his brother was Rev. Abraham Akaka. He served from 1945 to 1947, during World War II he served in the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, including service on Saipan and Tinian. He worked as a welder and a mechanic and spent his final months of the war as a first mate on the vessel Morning Star, entering college, he earned a bachelor of education in 1952 from the University of Hawaii. He later received a master of education from the school in 1966. He worked as a school teacher in Honolulu from 1953 until 1960. In 1963, he became head principal, in 1969, he was hired by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare as a chief program planner. Akaka was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1976 to represent Hawaiis 2nd congressional district and he was reelected seven times, all by wide margins. Akaka was appointed by Governor John Waihee to the U. S. Senate in April 1990 to serve temporarily after the death of Senator Spark Matsunaga, and sworn into office on May 16,1990. In November of the year, he was elected to complete the remaining four years of Matsunagas unexpired term. He was re-elected in 1994 for a full term with over 70% of the popular vote
32.
102nd United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1991, to January 3,1993, during the last two years of the administration of U. S. President George H. W. Bush. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1980 United States Census, both chambers had a Democratic majority. L. 102–4,105 Stat.11 November 21,1991, Civil Rights Act of 1991, 102–166,105 Stat.1071 December 9,1991, High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102–194 December 12,1991, Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991, 102–228,105 Stat.1691 October 9,1992, Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992, Pub. L. 102–404,106 Stat.1969 October 23,1992, Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 Pub. L, 102–484,106 Stat.2315 October 23,1992, Weapons of Mass Destruction Control Act, Pub. L. 102–484,106 Stat.2567 October 28,1992, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, 102–548,106 Stat.3646 October 28,1992, Land Remote Sensing Policy Act, Pub. L. 102–555,106 Stat.4163 November 2,1992, High Seas Driftnet Fisheries Enforcement Act of 1992, 102–582,106 Stat.4900 November 4,1992, Abandoned Barge Act of 1992, Pub. L. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, halverson Historian, Richard A. Baker Parliamentarian, Alan Frumin Secretary, Walter J. Stewart Secretary for the Majority, C. Abbott Saffold Secretary for the Minority, Howard O. Green, Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 102nd Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 102nd Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 102nd Congress
33.
103rd United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1993, to January 3,1995, during the first two years of Bill Clintons presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990, both chambers had a Democratic majority. This is the last Congress which the Democratic Party had both house majorities in the 20th Century, January 20,1993, Bill Clinton succeeded George H. W. Bush as President of the United States. February 26,1993, World Trade Center bombing, In New York City, four agents and 5 Davidians died in the raid. April 19,1993, Waco siege, The 51-day standoff ended with a fire that killed 76 people, including Koresh. January 17,1994,1994 Northridge earthquake, A magnitude 6.7 quake hit the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4,31 a. m. killing 72 and leaving 26,029 homeless. February 22,1994, Aldrich Ames and his wife were arrested for spying for the Soviet Union, february 28,1994,4 United States fighter jets shot down 4 Serbian jets over Bosnia and Herzegovina for violating Operation Deny Flight and its no-fly zone. September 19,1994, Operation Uphold Democracy, American troops staged an invasion of Haiti to restore the elected President to power. October 1,1994, Palau achieved independence and became a state under the Compact of Free Association. February 5,1993, Family and Medical Leave Act, Pub. L, 103–3,107 Stat.6 May 20,1993, National Voter Registration Act of 1993, Pub. L. 103–31,107 Stat.77 August 10,1993, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, 103–66,107 Stat.312 November 16,1993, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Pub. L. 103–141,107 Stat.1488 November 30,1993, Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, 103–159, title I,107 Stat.1536 November 30,1993, Dont ask, dont tell, Pub. L. 103–160,107 Stat.1670 December 8,1993, North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, 103–182,107 Stat.2057 May 26,1994, Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, Pub. L. 103–259,108 Stat.694 September 13,1994, Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, 103–322,108 Stat.1796 September 23,1994, Community Development, Credit Enhancement, and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, Pub. L. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, halverson Historian, Richard A. Baker Parliamentarian, Alan Frumin Secretary, Walter J. Stewart Secretary for the Majority, C. Abbott Saffold Secretary for the Minority, Howard O. Green, Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 103rd Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 103rd Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 103rd Congress
34.
104th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1995, to January 3,1997, during the third and fourth years of Bill Clintons presidency. Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census, both chambers had Republican majorities for the first time since the 1950s. January 3,1995, Republicans gained control of both houses for the first time since 1954, January 31,1995, President Clinton invoked emergency powers to extend a $20 billion loan to help Mexico avert financial collapse. April 10,1995, Mexican Debt Disclosure Act of 1995, 104–6,109 Stat.73 November 28,1995, National Highway System Designation Act of 1995, Pub. L. 104–59,109 Stat.568 December 19,1995, Lobbying Disclosure Act,691,2 U. S. C. ch.26 December 22,1995, Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, Pub. L. 104–67,109 Stat.737 February 8,1996, Telecommunications Act of 1996,56,47 U. S. C. §609 March 12,1996, Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996, Pub. L. §§ 6021–6091 April 9,1996, Line Item Veto Act, 104–130,110 Stat.1200 April 24,1996, Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, Pub. L. 104–132,110 Stat.1214 July 30,1996, Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2, 104–168,110 Stat.1452 August 3,1996, National Gambling Impact Study Commission Act, Pub. L. 104–169,110 Stat.1482 August 3,1996, Food Quality Protection Act of 1996,1489,7 U. S. C. §136 August 20,1996, Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104–188,110 Stat.1755 August 21,1996, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 104–191,110 Stat.1936 August 22,1996, Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, Pub. L. 104–193,110 Stat.2105 September 21,1996, Defense of Marriage Act, 104–199,110 Stat.2419 September 30,1996, Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban, Pub. L. 104–208,110 Stat.3001 October 1,1996, Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act, 104–210,110 Stat.3011 October 12,1996, Water Resources Development Act of 1996, Pub. L. 104–303,110 Stat. Fazio Caucus Vice-Chairman, Barbara B, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. Ford Chief Administrative Officer, Scott Faulkner Clerk, Robin H. Carle Historian, Christina Jeffrey,1995 Parliamentarian, Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 104th Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 104th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 104th Congress
35.
105th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1997, to January 3,1999, during the fifth and sixth years of Bill Clintons presidency. Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990, both chambers had a Republican majority. President Clinton was impeached by the 105th Congress, may 18,1998, United States v. Res. 611 There was no change in the parties during this Congress, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. There were no changes in Senate membership during this Congress, four members of the House of Representatives died, and four resigned. Casey Chaplain, James David Ford Chief Administrative Officer, Jeff Trandahl Clerk, Robin H. Carle Parliamentarian, Charles W. Johnson Sergeant at Arms, Wilson Livingood Inspector General, John W. S. House of Representatives Statistics & Lists from the U. S. Senate Legislative information from THOMAS at the Library of Congress House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 105th Congress, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 105th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 105th Congress
36.
106th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1999, to January 3,2001, during the last two years of Bill Clintons presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990, both chambers had a Republican majority. April 20,1999, Columbine High School massacre December 31,1999, Y2K bug April 3,2000, United States v. Gore litigation May 21,1999, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, Pub. L. 106–31,113 Stat.57 August 17,1999, Water Resources Development Act of 1999, 106–53 November 12,1999, Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act, Pub. L. 106–102,113 Stat.1338 November 29,1999, American Inventors Protection Act, 106–113,113 Stat.1536 March 14,2000, Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000, Pub. L. 106–178,114 Stat.38 April 5,2000, Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century, 106–181,114 Stat.61 May 18,2000, African Growth and Opportunity Act, Pub. L. 106–200,114 Stat.251 June 30,2000, Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 106–229,114 Stat.464 August 7,2000, Oceans Act, Pub. L. 106–256,114 Stat.644 September 22,2000, Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, 106–274,114 Stat.803 October 17,2000, Childrens Health Act, Pub. L. 106–310,114 Stat.1101 October 28,2000, Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, 106–386,114 Stat.1464 October 30,2000, Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, Pub. L. 106–390,114 Stat.1552 October 30,2000, Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001, 106–398 December 11,2000, Water Resources Development Act of 2000, Pub. L. 106–541,114 Stat.2572 December 21,2000, Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, 2763A October 13,1999, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Rejected Membership changed with two deaths. There were two resignations and three deaths, House of Representatives Statistics & Lists from the U. S. Senate Legislative information from THOMAS at the Library of Congress House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 106th Congress. Senate Session Calendar for the 106th Congress, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 106th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 106th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 106th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 106th Congress
37.
107th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,2001 to January 3,2003, during the final weeks of the Clinton presidency and the first two years of the George W. Bush presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990, the House of Representatives had a Republican majority, and the Senate switched majorities from Democratic to Republican and back to Democratic. By the end of term, Republicans had regained the majority in the Senate, a rare even split in the United States Senate and the defection of a single Senator led to three changes in majorities. The September 11 attacks were highly disruptive, some Senators were targeted by anthrax attacks. The Congress voted to allow the President to invade Iraq, January 3,2001, Senate was evenly split between the two parties. Hillary Clinton, wife of President Bill Clinton, became the first presidential spouse to serve in Congress, trent Lott becomes Senate Majority Leader. June 6,2001, Senator Jim Jeffords, previously a Republican, declared himself an independent and announced he would join the Democratic caucus, democrat Tom Daschle became Senate Majority Leader. The address was scheduled for September 12,2001, but was interrupted by the September 11 attacks. Already in Washington at the time, he sat in on Congressional sessions on September 12 instead, November 25,2002, Jim Talent wins special election for Senate in Missouri, effectively giving Republicans a majority. Reorganization delayed till Senate returned to session in the next term, November 30 - December 2,2002, Outgoing Sen. Phil Gramm resigns weeks before his final term expires, Sen. -elect John Cornyn appointed to finish Gramms term. June 7,2001, Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act, 107–16,115 Stat.38 October 26,2001, Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, Pub. L. 107–56,115 Stat.272 January 8,2002, No Child Left Behind Act, 107–110,115 Stat.1425 January 11,2002, Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act, Pub. L. 107–118,115 Stat.2356 March 9,2002, Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act, 107–147,116 Stat.21 March 27,2002, Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, Pub. L. 107–155,116 Stat.81 May 13,2002, Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, 107–171,116 Stat.134 July 30,2002, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Pub. L. 107–204,116 Stat.745 August 6,2002, Trade Act of 2002, 107–210,116 Stat.933 October 16,2002, Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, Pub. L. 107–243,116 Stat.1497 October 21,2002, Sudan Peace Act, 107–245,116 Stat.1504 October 29,2002, Help America Vote Act, Pub. L. 107–252,116 Stat.1666 November 25,2002, Homeland Security Act, 107–296,116 Stat.2135 December 17,2002, E-Government Act of 2002, Pub. L. Many of the district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself
38.
108th United States Congress
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House members were elected in the 2002 general election on November 5,2002. Senators were elected in three classes in the 1998 general election on November 3,1998,2000 general election on November 7,2000, the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-second Census of the United States in 2000. Both chambers had a Republican majority, United States Senate elections,2004 & United States House of Representatives elections,2004, Republicans increased their majorities in both houses. March 11,2003, Do-Not-Call Implementation Act of 2003, Pub. L, 108–10 April 30,2003, PROTECT Act, including Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act, Pub. L. 108–21 May 28,2003, Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, 108–27 September 4,2003, Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003, Pub. L. 108–79 October 28,2003, Check 21 Act, Pub. L, 108–100 November 5,2003, Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, Pub. L. 108–105 November 25,2003, Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, 108–173 December 4,2003, Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, Pub. L. 108–159 December 12,2003, Syria Accountability and Lebanese Sovereignty Restoration Act, 108–175 December 16,2003, CAN-SPAM Act, Pub. L. 108–187 March 25,2004, Unborn Victims of Violence Act, 108–212 June 30,2004, Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act, Pub. L. 108–264 July 7,2004, GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004, 108–271 July 21,2004, Project BioShield Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108–276 October 16,2004, Global Anti-Semitism Review Act, Pub. L, 108–332 October 18,2004, North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004, Pub. L. 108–333 October 20,2004, Belarus Democracy Act of 2004, 108–347 December 17,2004, Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act, Pub. L. 108–458 H. R.2239, Voter Confidence and Increased Accessibility Act of 2003 The party summary for the Senate remained the same during the entire 108th Congress, due to resignations and special elections, Republicans lost a net of two seats to the Democrats. All seats were filled though special elections, the Members of the House of Representatives are preceded by the district number. Members who came and left during this Congress, hantman Attending Physician of the United States Congress, John F. Eisold Comptroller General of the United States, David M. Walker Director of the Congressional Budget Office, Barry B. Congress Congress. gov History, Art and Archives from the United States House of Representatives Statistics & Lists from the United States Senate United States 108th Congress Web Archive from the U. S, library of Congress House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 108th Congress. Senate Session Calendar for the 108th Congress, Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 108th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 108th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 108th Congress
39.
109th United States Congress
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House members were elected in the 2004 elections on November 2,2004. Senators were elected in three classes in the 2000 elections on November 7,2000,2002 elections on November 5,2002, the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-second Census of the United States in 2000. Both chambers had a Republican majority, the party as President Bush. In addition to the DeLay indictment, this Congress also had a number of scandals, Bob Ney, Randy Duke Cunningham, William J. Jefferson, Mark Foley scandal, and the Jack Abramoff scandals. This Congress met for 242 days, the fewest since World War II and 12 days fewer than the 80th Congress, the President vetoed only one bill, his first veto, the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005. February 17,2005, Class Action Fairness Act of 2005, 109–2 March 21,2005, Theresa Marie Schiavos law, Pub. L. 109–3 April 20,2005, Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act, 109–8 April 27,2005, Family Entertainment and Copyright Act, Pub. L. 109–9 July 28,2005, Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, 109–53 July 29,2005, Energy Policy Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–58 August 10,2005, Transportation Equity Act of 2005, 109–59 October 26,2005, Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act, Pub. L. 109–92 December 1,2005, Caribbean National Forest Act of 2005, 109–118 December 22,2005, Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–145 December 30,2005, Department of Defense Appropriations Act,2006, 109–148 February 8,2006, Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–171 May 17,2006, Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005, 109–222 May 29,2006, Respect for Americas Fallen Heroes Act, Pub. L. 109–228 July 27,2006, Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, 109–248 September 26,2006, Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109–282 October 13,2006, Safe Port Act, Pub. L, 109–347, including title VIII, Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 October 17,2006, Military Commissions Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109–366 October 26,2006, Secure Fence Act of 2006, 109–367 December 20,2006, Stolen Valor Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–437 December 20,2006, Tax Relief and Health Act of 2006, on January 16,2006, Democrat Jon Corzine resigned, but Democrat Bob Menendez was appointed and took Corzines seat the next day. All seats were filled though special elections, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. Members who came and left during this Congress, House of Representatives Statistics & Lists from the U. S. Senate Legislative information from Congress. gov at the Library of Congress House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 109th Congress
40.
110th United States Congress
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It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U. S. census, the Democratic Party controlled a majority in both chambers for the first time since the end of the 103rd Congress in 1995. Although the Democrats held fewer than 50 Senate seats, they had a majority because the two independent senators caucused with the Democrats for organizational purposes. No Democratic-held seats had fallen to the Republican Party in the 2006 elections, democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first woman Speaker of the House. The House also received the first Muslim and Buddhist members of Congress, members debated initiatives such as the Democrats 100-Hour Plan and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007. Following President Bushs 2007 State of the Union Address, Congress debated his proposal to create a surge to increase security in Iraq. President Bush, however, vetoed the bill as promised, making this his second veto while in office, both houses of Congress subsequently passed a bill funding the war without timelines, but with benchmarks for the Iraqi government and money for other spending projects like disaster relief. January 23,2007, President Bush delivered the 2007 State of the Union Address August 2,2007 and this led to an investigation by the House Select Committee on Voting Irregularities. December 18,2007, The Senate set a record for the most cloture votes, November 4,2008, General elections - Democrats increased their congressional majorities and Senator Barack Obama was elected President. These are partial lists of prominent enacted legislation and pending bills, see also,2008 Congressional Record, Vol.154, Page D845, Resume of Congressional Activity February 2,2007 — House Page Board Revision Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–2,121 Stat.4 May 25,2007 — U. S, troop Readiness, Veterans Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act,2007, Pub. L. 112, including Title VIII, Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007,121 Stat.188 June 14,2007 — Preserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–34,121 Stat.224 July 26,2007 — Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, 110–49,121 Stat.246 August 3,2007 — Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–53,121 Stat.266 August 5,2007 — Protect America Act of 2007, 110–55,121 Stat.552 September 14,2007 — Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, Pub. L. 110–81,121 Stat.735 November 8,2007 — Water Resources Development Act of 2007, 110–114,121 Stat.1041 - Veto Overridden December 19,2007 — Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–140,121 Stat.1492 February 13,2008 — Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, 110–185,122 Stat.613 May 21,2008 — Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, Pub. L. 110–233,122 Stat.881 May 22,2008 — Food and Energy Security Act of 2007, 110–234,122 Stat.923 - Veto Overridden June 30,2008 — Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, Pub. L. 2323, including Title V, Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 July 10,2008 — FISA Amendments Act of 2008, 110–261,122 Stat.2436 July 29,2008 — Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE Act of 2008, Pub. L
41.
111th United States Congress
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The One Hundred Eleventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government from January 3,2009, until January 3,2011. It began during the last two weeks of the George W. Bush administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Barack Obamas presidency and it was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U. S. Census, a new delegate seat was created for the Northern Mariana Islands. This Congress has been considered one of the most productive Congresses in history in terms of legislation passed since the 89th Congress, roland Burris was appointed to the seat on December 31,2008 but his credentials were not accepted until January 12,2009. An election dispute over the Minnesota seat previously held by Norm Coleman, frankens admission gave the Senate Democratic caucus sixty votes, enough to defeat a filibuster in a party-line vote. January 8,2009, Joint session counted the Electoral College votes of the 2008 presidential election, January 20,2009, Inauguration of President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden. February 24,2009, Presidents speech to Joint Session April 28,2009, September 9,2009, President Obama addressed a joint session of Congress to promote health care reform, which Representative Joe Wilson interrupted by shouting at the President. January 25,2010,2010 State of the Union Address February 4,2010, April 20,2010, Deepwater Horizon oil spill November 2,2010,2010 general elections, in which Republicans regained control of the House while the Democrats remained in control of the Senate. January 29,2009, Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, 111–2 February 4,2009, Childrens Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act, Pub. L. 111–3 February 17,2009, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, 111–5 March 11,2009, Omnibus Appropriations Act,2009, Pub. L. 111–8 March 30,2009, Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, 111–11 April 21,2009, Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act, Pub. L. 111–13 May 20,2009, Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, 111–21 May 20,2009, Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009, Pub. L. 111–22 May 22,2009, Weapon Systems Acquisition Reform Act of 2009, 111–23 May 22,2009, Credit CARD Act of 2009, Pub. L. 111–24 June 22,2009, Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, 111–31 June 24,2009, Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2009 including the Car Allowance Rebate System, Pub. L. 111–32 October 28,2009, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, including the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, 111–84 November 6,2009, Worker, Homeownership, and Business Assistance Act of 2009, Pub. L. 111–92 December 16,2009, Consolidated Appropriations Act,2010, 111–117 February 12,2010, Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act, as Title I of Pub. L. 111–139 March 4,2010, Travel Promotion Act of 2009, 111–145 March 18,2010, Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, Pub. L. 111–147 March 23,2010, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 111–148 March 30,2010, Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, including the Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act, Pub. L
42.
112th United States Congress
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The One Hundred Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3,2011, until January 3,2013. It convened in Washington, D. C. on January 3,2011, senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress. This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census. In the 2010 midterm elections, the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives, while the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress. This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress, in this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members,242, since the 80th Congress. January 6,2011, On the second day of the 112th Congress, the House of Representatives read a version of the U. S. Constitution. January 8,2011,2011 Tucson shooting, Representative Gabrielle Giffords and nineteen people were shot by a gunman in Tucson. Six of them, including a judge and a congressional aide. Votes on the House floor were suspended for one week, January 25,2011,2011 State of the Union Address March 19,2011, The United States initiated Operation Odyssey Dawn as part of the international military intervention in the Libyan Civil War. The intervention continued under the auspices of NATO as Operation Unified Protector until the end of operations in October 2011. May 2,2011, Navy Seals killed al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden in Operation Neptune Spear, April 9,2011, A last-minute deal between both parties averts a partial shutdown of the federal government. August 2,2011, The 2011 debt-ceiling crisis ends with the Budget Control Act of 2011, December 18,2011, The United States completed its withdrawal of troops from Iraq, formally ending the Iraq War. January 1,2013, United States fiscal cliff avoided, a failure to pass a 2011 federal budget nearly led to a shutdown of non-essential government services on April 9,2011, with the furlough of 800,000 government employees appearing imminent. President Obama met Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and House Speaker John Boehner in the preceding the deadline but was unable to come to an agreement to pass a budget. A one-week budget was proposed to avoid a government shutdown and allow time for negotiations, however. Obama said he would veto a proposed Republican budget over Republican social spending cuts and this was also backed by Senate Democrats who objected to such cuts as that of Planned Parenthood. However, an agreement was reached between the two parties for a budget to allow for more time to negotiate after Republicans dropped their stance on the Planned Parenthood issue. The two parties agreed on a 2011 federal budget the following week
43.
113th United States Congress
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The One Hundred Thirteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3,2013, to January 3,2015. It was composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives based on the results of the 2012 Senate elections, the seats in the House were apportioned based on the 2010 United States Census. It first met in Washington, D. C. on January 3,2013, senators elected to regular terms in 2008 were in the last two years of those terms during this Congress. Widespread public dissatisfaction with the institution increased over its second year, in October 2013, during the government shutdown, this decreased to 10% approval according to several polls. January 3,2013, Election of Speaker, incumbent Speaker John Boehner was re-elected despite the largest number of defections in the vote for speaker since at least 1991. January 4,2013, Joint session to count the Electoral College votes for the 2012 presidential election, January 20–21,2013, Second inauguration of President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden. The terms began January 20, but because that was a Sunday, February 12,2013, Joint session to hear the 2013 State of the Union Address. March 6–7,2013, Senator Rand Paul led a filibuster of the nomination of John O. Brennan for Director of the Central Intelligence Agency with a 12-hour, June 5,2013, The first media reports of Edward Snowdens surveillance disclosures surfaced in the media. July 16,2013, The Senate reached a deal to allow some presidential nominations to come to a vote, September 24–25,2013, Senator Ted Cruz delivered a 21-hour, 19-minute speech, one of the longest in Senate history, in opposition to the Affordable Care Act. Cruzs speech was not a filibuster, as it delayed no vote, the filibuster remained in place for Supreme Court nominees and for legislation. November 4,2014, United States elections,2014, including United States Senate elections,2014, March 7,2013, Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013, Pub. L. 113–4 March 13,2013, Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013, 113–5 March 26,2013,2013 United States federal budget, Pub. L. 113–6 June 3,2013, Stolen Valor Act of 2013, 113–12 August 9,2013, Hydropower Regulatory Efficiency Act of 2013, Pub. L. 113–23 August 9,2013, Bipartisan Student Loan Certainty Act of 2013, 113–28 September 30,2013, Pay Our Military Act, Pub. L. 113–39 November 27,2013, Drug Quality and Security Act, 113–54 December 26,2013, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014, Pub. L. 113–66 January 17,2014, Consolidated Appropriations Act,2014, 113–76 February 7,2014, Agricultural Act of 2014, Pub. L. 113–79 March 21,2014, Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014, 113–89 April 3,2014, Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act, Pub. L. 113–94 April 3,2014, Support for the Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy, 113–95 May 9,2014, Digital Accountability and Transparency Act, Pub. L
44.
114th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,2015, to January 3,2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obamas presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate for the first time since the 109th Congress, with 247 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929–1931. January 6,2015, Incumbent Speaker of the House John Boehner was re-elected despite the defections of 25 members from his own Republican caucus, twice the number from the previous Congress. January 20,2015,2015 State of the Union Address March 3,2015, Netanyahu was invited by Speaker John Boehner without consulting President Obama. March 9,2015, U. S. March 25,2015, April 29,2015, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe addressed a joint session of Congress, becoming the first Japanese leader to do so. September 24,2015, Pope Francis addressed a joint session of Congress, September 25,2015, House Speaker John Boehner announced that he would resign as Speaker and from the House at the end of October 2015. Subsequently, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, the favorite to succeed John Boehner. October 29,2015, Paul Ryan was elected to succeed John Boehner as Speaker of the House with 236 votes of the House in favor and he is the youngest Speaker since James G. Blaine in 1875. January 12,2016,2016 State of the Union Address June 8,2016, June 22–23,2016, In the wake of the 2016 Orlando attacks, Congress debated gun control reform. The U. S. House recessed for the July 4 holiday during a sit-in protest held by Democrats that halted business in the chamber for more than 24 hours. November 8,2016, Donald Trump and Mike Pence elected as president and vice-president in presidential elections, January 12,2015, Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–1 April 16,2015, Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, 114–10 May 22,2015, Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–17 June 2,2015, USA FREEDOM Act, Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015, 114–23 June 29,2015, Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–27 July 6,2015, Department of Homeland Security Interoperable Communications Act, 114–29 November 5,2015, Librarian of Congress Succession Modernization Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–86 November 25,2015, SPACE Act of 2015, Pub. L, 114–90 December 4,2015, Fixing Americas Surface Transportation Act, Pub. L. 114–94 December 10,2015, Every Student Succeeds Act, Pub. L, 114–95 December 18,2015, Consolidated Appropriations Act,2016, Pub. L. 114–113 February 8,2016, Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2015, 114–120 February 24,2016, Internet Tax Freedom Act contained in Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–125 July 20,2016, Global Food Security Act of 2016, 114–195 September 28,2016, Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act, Pub. L
45.
56th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from March 4,1899 to March 4,1901, during the third and fourth years of William McKinleys presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890, both chambers had a Republican majority. June 2,1899, The Filipino Rebellion began the Philippine–American War, November 21,1899, Vice President Garret Hobart died. January 8,1900, President McKinley placed Alaska under military rule, january 17,1900, Brigham H. Roberts was refused a seat in the United States House of Representatives because of his polygamy. February 5,1900, Britain and the United States signed a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canal through Nicaragua, february 16,1900, The United States, Germany and Great Britain ratified the Tripartite Convention partitioning the Samoan Islands. November 6,1900, U. S. presidential election,1900, March 14,1900, Gold Standard Act, Sess. 41,31 Stat.45 April 2,1900, Foraker Act, Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the Changes in membership section. President, Garret Hobart, until November 21,1899, vacant thereafter, Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district. Skip to House of Representatives, below At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress, hinds Doorkeeper, William J. Glenn Postmaster, Joseph C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Official Congressional Directory for the 56th Congress, 1st Session, official Congressional Directory for the 56th Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 56th Congress, 2nd Session
46.
Robert William Wilcox
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Robert William Kalanihiapo Wilcox, nicknamed the Iron Duke of Hawaiʻi, was a Native Hawaiian revolutionary soldier and politician. He led uprisings against both the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii under King Kalākaua and the Republic of Hawaii under Sanford Dole and he was later elected the first delegate to the United States Congress for the Territory of Hawaii. Wilcox was born February 15,1855 on the island of Maui and his father, Captain William Slocum Wilcox was a native of Newport, Rhode Island. His mother was a native of Maui, named Kalua and she was the daughter of Makole and Haupa. Makole was the grandson of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. Wilcoxs grandmother, Haupa was descended from Umi-a-Liloa of Maui and Lonomakaihonua and he attended Haleakala Boarding School in the town of Makawao. Upon completion of his studies, Wilcox became a teacher at a Maui country school, in 1880, Wilcox was elected to the royal legislature in Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu. He represented the citizens of Wailuku and its neighboring Maui towns, by the time he completed his training in 1885, he achieved the rank of sublieutenant of artillery. Impressed with his skills, Italian officials sent Wilcox to the Royal Application School for Engineer. In 1888, the Reform Party took power in the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, the Reform Party ended costly programs such as Wilcoxs training in Italy. On August 29,1887, Wilcox received his orders to return home, returning to Hawaiʻi in October, he began a career as a surveyor with the patronage of Charles B. Wilson but soon quit. He had now lost confidence that Kalākaua was strong enough to protect the interests of the Hawaiian people, Wilcox along with Charles Wilson and Sam Nowlein, planned a coup détat to replace Kalākaua with his sister Liliʻuokalani, but the plot was never executed. On February 11,1888, Wilcox left Hawaiʻi intending to return to Italy with his wife, instead of returning to Italy, Wilcox took up residence in San Francisco, California, and worked as a surveyor while his wife earned extra money teaching French and Italian. When he decided to return to Hawaiʻi in the spring of 1889, his wife, Gina Wilcox, refused to go with him, and took their daughter back to Italy. Wilcox planned and this time executed another attempt to force King Kalākaua to sign a new constitution to replace the 1887 Document on July 30,1889, Kalākaua, apparently aware of the plot, avoided the palace, afraid that the rebellion would replace him with his sister Liliʻuokalani. Thus stymied, Wilcox was finally confronted by the Honolulu Rifles militia unit, after a pitched battle, Wilcox surrendered. In October 1889, he was tried for treason before judge Albert Francis Judd, being one of the few leaders to stand up to the conservative royalist Reform Party earned him respect among the people. The American minister John L. Stevens, who called Wilcox a half breed, wrote and he helped form a new political party called the National Reform Party which advocated restoring power to the monarch
47.
57th United States Congress
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The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Eleventh Census of the United States in 1890. Both chambers had a Republican majority, September 6,1901, Leon Czolgosz shot President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York September 14,1901, President William McKinley died. Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States October 16,1901, the American South reacted angrily to the visit, and racial violence increased in the region. December 3,1901, President Roosevelt delivered a 20, 000-word speech to the House of Representatives, February 22,1902, Senators Benjamin Tillman and John L. McLaurin, both of South Carolina, have a fist fight while Congress is in session. Both Tillman and McLaurin were later censured by the Senate on February 28, June 2,1902, The Anthracite Coal Strike by the United Mine Workers began, continuing until October 21,1902. July 4,1902, The Philippine–American War ended June 17,1902, Newlands Reclamation Act June 28,1902, Isthmian Canal Act, Sess. 1302,32 Stat.481 January 21,1903, Militia Act of 1903,32 Stat.775 February 11,1903, Expediting Act, Sess. Democratic,151 Republican,200 Populist,5 Silver,1 TOTAL members,357 President, Theodore Roosevelt, until September 14,1901, Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district. Skip to House of Representatives, below At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, the count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Note, Delawares Class 1 Senate seat remained vacant for entire Congress due to the failure to elect. Elliott Woods, appointed February 19,1902, Clerk, Alexander McDowell Sergeant at Arms, Henry Casson Doorkeeper, William J. Glenn Postmaster, Joseph C. McElroy Clerk, Asher C. Biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress, archived from the original on June 1,2006. Archived from the original on June 1,2006, archived from the original on June 1,2006. Official Congressional Directory for the 57th Congress, 1st Session, official Congressional Directory for the 57th Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 57th Congress, 2nd Session, official Congressional Directory for the 57th Congress, 2nd Session
48.
58th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from March 4,1903 to March 4,1905, during the third and fourth years of Theodore Roosevelts presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twelfth Census of the United States in 1900, both chambers had a Republican majority. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, at this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Many of the district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the article may only describe the district as it exists today. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress. Archived from the original on June 1,2006, archived from the original on June 1,2006. Archived from the original on June 1,2006, official Congressional Directory for the 58th Congress, Special Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 58th Congress, Extraordinary Session, official Congressional Directory for the 58th Congress, 2nd Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 58th Congress, 2nd Session, official Congressional Directory for the 58th Congress, 2nd Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 58th Congress, 3rd Session, official Congressional Directory for the 58th Congress, 3rd Session
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State of Hawaii