1.
United States Congress
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The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D. C, both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party, Congress has 535 voting members,435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members and these members can, however, sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation. Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a district. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by using the United States Census results. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, currently, there are 100 senators representing the 50 states. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a term, with terms staggered. The House and Senate are equal partners in the legislative process—legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers, however, the Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue-raising bills, the House initiates impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate is required before a person can be forcibly removed from office. The term Congress can also refer to a meeting of the legislature. A Congress covers two years, the current one, the 115th Congress, began on January 3,2017, the Congress starts and ends on the third day of January of every odd-numbered year. Members of the Senate are referred to as senators, members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives, congressmen, or congresswomen. One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played a role in shaping government policy and is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress, Congress reflects us in all our strengths, Congress is the governments most representative body. Congress is essentially charged with reconciling our many points of view on the public policy issues of the day. —Smith, Roberts, and Wielen Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux, most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent
2.
Hawaii
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Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21,1959. Hawaii is the only U. S. state located in Oceania and it is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U. S. state not located in the Americas, the state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaiʻi. The last is the largest island in the group, it is called the Big Island or Hawaiʻi Island to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania, Hawaii has over a million permanent residents, along with many visitors and U. S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii is the 8th-smallest and the 11th-least populous, but the 13th-most densely populated of the fifty U. S. states. It is the state with an Asian plurality. The states coastline is about 750 miles long, the fourth longest in the U. S. after the coastlines of Alaska, Florida, the state of Hawaii derives its name from the name of its largest island, Hawaiʻi. A common Hawaiian explanation of the name of Hawaiʻi is that was named for Hawaiʻiloa and he is said to have discovered the islands when they were first settled. The Hawaiian language word Hawaiʻi is very similar to Proto-Polynesian *Sawaiki, cognates of Hawaiʻi are found in other Polynesian languages, including Māori, Rarotongan and Samoan. According to linguists Pukui and Elbert, lsewhere in Polynesia, Hawaiʻi or a cognate is the name of the underworld or of the home, but in Hawaii. A somewhat divisive political issue arose in 1978 when the Constitution of the State of Hawaii added Hawaiian as an official state language. The title of the constitution is The Constitution of the State of Hawaii. Article XV, Section 1 of the Constitution uses The State of Hawaii, diacritics were not used because the document, drafted in 1949, predates the use of the okina and the kahakō in modern Hawaiian orthography. The exact spelling of the name in the Hawaiian language is Hawaiʻi. In the Hawaii Admission Act that granted Hawaiian statehood, the government recognized Hawaii as the official state name. Official government publications, department and office titles, and the Seal of Hawaii use the spelling with no symbols for glottal stops or vowel length
3.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
4.
Hawaii's 1st congressional district
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Hawaiis 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Hawaii. The district is smaller and more populated than the 2nd Congressional District. It is the only district in the United States. The district is represented by Colleen Hanabusa who was elected by special election to fill the term of Democrat Mark Takai who died July 2016. Hanabusa was also elected to the seat for the term that began on January 3,2017. When Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, in the reapportionment following the 1960 U. S. Census, Hawaii was entitled to a second U. S. Representative. Instead of creating two congressional districts, the continued to elect its Representatives at-large. Two representatives were first elected in 1962 and Hawaii was first represented by two U. S, Representatives on January 2,1963 upon the convening of the 88th Congress. The 1st Congressional District was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing at-large Representative statewide, election results from presidential races District established and redistricted from seat B of the at-large district following the 91st Congress. As of November 2016, there are three members of the House who are currently living. The most recent representative to die was Mark Takai, who died in office on July 20,2016, hawaiis congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
5.
Tulsi Gabbard
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Tulsi Gabbard is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who has been the United States Representative for Hawaiis 2nd congressional district since 2013. She was also a vice-chair of the Democratic National Committee until February 28,2016, elected in 2012, she is the first American Samoan and the first Hindu member of the United States Congress. She served in a zone in Iraq. Gabbard served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 2002 to 2004, Gabbard supports abortion rights, opposed the Trans-Pacific Partnership, has called for a restoration of the Glass–Steagall Act, and has been in favor of same-sex marriage since 2012. Tulsi Gabbard was born on April 12,1981, in Leloaloa, American Samoa and her father, Mike Gabbard, was born in Fagatogo, American Samoa, and became a naturalized citizen at age one. Her mother, Carol Gabbard, was born in Decatur, Indiana, in 1983, when Gabbard was two years old, her family moved to Hawaii. Her mother is of European descent and a practicing Hindu, Tulsi fully embraced Hinduism as a teenager. Her siblings names are Bhakti, Jai, Narayan, and Vrindavan, Gabbard was home-schooled through high school except for two years at a girls-only missionary academy in the Philippines. She graduated from Hawaii Pacific University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration in 2009 and she returned from a deployment to Iraq in 2006 and worked for U. S. Senator Daniel Akaka, then volunteered for deployment to the Middle East in 2009. After returning to Hawaii, she was elected to the Honolulu City Council, in 2012, she ran for the open 2nd Congressional District seat and won the primary with 55% of the vote in an upset over former Honolulu Mayor Mufi Hannemann. She won the election with 81% of the vote. In the House of Representatives, Gabbard serves on the Armed Services and she is also a military police officer with the Hawaii Army National Guard. In 2002, after redistricting, Gabbard ran to represent the 42nd House District of the Hawaii House of Representatives and she won the four-candidate Democratic primary with a plurality of 48% of the vote over Rida Cabanilla, Dolfo Ramos, and Gerald Vidal. Gabbard then defeated Republican Alfonso Jimenez in the election, 65%–35%. In 2004, Gabbard filed for reelection, but then volunteered for Army National Guard service in Iraq, Cabanilla, who filed for a rematch, called on the incumbent to resign because she would not be able to represent her district from Iraq. Gabbard thus decided not to campaign for a term, and Cabanilla won the Democratic primary. In 2002, at the age of 21, Gabbard became the youngest legislator ever elected in Hawaiis history and she represented the Oahu 42nd District, which covers Waipahu, Honouliuli, and Ewa Beach
6.
Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
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Hawaiis 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Hawaii. The district encompasses all rural and most suburban areas of Oahu/Honolulu County, besides Honolulu, the district includes the counties of Kauai, Maui, Kalawao and Hawaii. The most populous community entirely within the district is Hilo, major segments of the economy include tourism, ranching and agriculture, especially pineapple and sugarcane cultivation. The district is represented by Democrat Tulsi Gabbard, when Hawaii and Alaska were admitted to the Union in 1959, both new states were granted one at-large Representative to Congress pending the next United States Census. In the reapportionment following the 1960 U. S. Census, instead of creating two congressional districts, the state continued to elect its U. S. Two representatives were first elected in 1962 and Hawaii was first represented by two U. S, Representatives on January 2,1963 upon the convening of the 88th Congress. The 2nd Congressional District was created in 1971 when Hawaii began electing its representatives from districts instead of electing an at-large U. S, historically, the 2nd Congressional District has been the more Democratic of the states two districts, with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of D+21. In 2004, President George W. Bush received 44 percent of the vote in district to 56 percent for Democrat John Kerry. In 2008, Democrat and Hawaii native Barack Obama carried this district overwhelmingly with 73 percent of the vote. Under the U. S. Constitution, a candidate for this only has to be a resident of Hawaii. The first non-resident to be elected to this U. S. House seat was Ed Case, the home state office of the Second Congressional District is at the Prince Kuhio Federal Building near Honolulu Harbor. As of October 2015, there are three members of the U. S. House of Representatives from Hawaiis 2nd congressional district who are currently alive. Hawaiis congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
7.
86th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1959 to January 3,1961, during the last two years of the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventeenth Census of the United States in 1950, both chambers had a Democratic majority. When Alaska and Hawaii were admitted as states in 1959, the membership of the House temporarily increased to 437, 86–72 September 14,1959, Landrum–Griffin Act, Pub. L. 86–257,73 Stat.519 April 22,1960, Narcotics Manufacturing Act of 1960, 86–429,74 Stat.55 May 6,1960, Civil Rights Act of 1960, Pub. L. 86–449,74 Stat.86 June 12,1960, Multiple-Use Sustained-Yield Act of 1960, 86–517,74 Stat.215 July 14,1960, Flood Control Act of 1960, Pub. L. 86–845,74 Stat.488 September 13,1960, Social Security Amendments, Democratic,64, then 65 Republican,34, then 35 TOTAL members,98, then 100 Democratic,283 Republican,153 Independent,1 TOTAL members,437. The increase over the usual 435 members was due to the admission of Alaska and Hawaii, President of the Senate, Richard Nixon President pro tempore, Carl Hayden Majority Leader, Lyndon B. Johnson Majority Whip, Mike Mansfield Caucus Secretary, Thomas C. Hennings Jr. Kirwan Minority Leader, Charles A, hoeven Policy Committee Chairman, John W. Byrnes House Democratic Caucus Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers, duke Clerk, Ralph R. Roberts Doorkeeper, William Mosley Fishbait Miller Parliamentarian, Lewis Deschler Postmaster, H. H. Morris Sergeant at Arms, Zeake W. Johnson, Jr. Biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress, archived from the original on June 1,2006. Archived from the original on June 1,2006, archived from the original on June 1,2006. House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 86th Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 86th Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 86th Congress, 2nd Session, pocket Congressional Directory for the 86th Congress
8.
87th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1961 to January 3,1963, during the first two years of the administration of U. S. President John Kennedy. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventeenth Census of the United States in 1950, both chambers had a Democratic majority. January 3,1961, President Eisenhower severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba, January 20,1961, Inauguration of President John Kennedy and Vice President Lyndon Johnson April 17,1961, Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba began, it fails by April 19. May 4,1961, Freedom Riders began interstate bus rides to test the new U. S. Supreme Court integration decision, may 5,1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space aboard Mercury-Redstone 3. October 14,1962 - October 28,1962, Cuban Missile Crisis May 1,1961, Area Redevelopment Act, 87–27,75 Stat.47 August 30,1961, Oil Pollution Act of 1961, Pub. L. 87–167,75 Stat.402 September 4,1961, The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 87–195,75 Stat.424 September 13,1961, Interstate Wire Act of 1961, Pub. L. 87–216,75 Stat.491 September 21,1961, Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, 87–256,75 Stat.527 September 22,1961, Peace Corps Act of 1961, Pub. L. 87–293,75 Stat.612 September 26,1961, Arms Control and Disarmament Act of 1961, 87–297,75 Stat.631 October 15,1961, Community Health Services and Facilities Act, Pub. L. 87–395,75 Stat.824 March 15,1962, Manpower Development and Training Act, 87–415,76 Stat.23 June 28,1962, Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, Pub. L. 87–510,76 Stat.121 August 13,1962, Communications Satellite Act, 87–624,76 Stat.419 October 11,1962, Trade Expansion Act, Pub. L. 87–794,76 Stat.872 October 23,1962, Bribery Act, 87–849,76 Stat.1119 October 23,1962, Vaccination Assistance Act of 1962, Pub. L. 87–868,76 Stat.1155 October 23,1962, River and Harbor Act of 1962, Pub. L. Hickenlooper Speaker, Sam Rayburn, until November 16,1961 John W. Walter Caucus Secretary, Leonor Sullivan Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman, Michael J. Kirwan Minority Leader, Charles A. Hoeven Policy Committee Chairman, John W. Byrnes House Democratic Caucus Senators are popularly elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers, harrison Chaplain, Frederick Brown Harris Parliamentarian, Charles Watkins Secretary, Felton McLellan Johnston Sergeant at Arms, Joseph C. Duke Chaplain, Bernard Braskamp Clerk, Ralph R. Roberts Doorkeeper, William Mosley Fishbait Miller Parliamentarian, Lewis Deschler Postmaster, H. H. Morris Sergeant at Arms, Zeake W. Johnson, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 87th Congress. Official Congressional Directory for the 87th Congress, 1st Session, official Congressional Directory for the 87th Congress, 2nd Session
9.
103rd United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from January 3,1993, to January 3,1995, during the first two years of Bill Clintons presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990, both chambers had a Democratic majority. This is the last Congress which the Democratic Party had both house majorities in the 20th Century, January 20,1993, Bill Clinton succeeded George H. W. Bush as President of the United States. February 26,1993, World Trade Center bombing, In New York City, four agents and 5 Davidians died in the raid. April 19,1993, Waco siege, The 51-day standoff ended with a fire that killed 76 people, including Koresh. January 17,1994,1994 Northridge earthquake, A magnitude 6.7 quake hit the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4,31 a. m. killing 72 and leaving 26,029 homeless. February 22,1994, Aldrich Ames and his wife were arrested for spying for the Soviet Union, february 28,1994,4 United States fighter jets shot down 4 Serbian jets over Bosnia and Herzegovina for violating Operation Deny Flight and its no-fly zone. September 19,1994, Operation Uphold Democracy, American troops staged an invasion of Haiti to restore the elected President to power. October 1,1994, Palau achieved independence and became a state under the Compact of Free Association. February 5,1993, Family and Medical Leave Act, Pub. L, 103–3,107 Stat.6 May 20,1993, National Voter Registration Act of 1993, Pub. L. 103–31,107 Stat.77 August 10,1993, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, 103–66,107 Stat.312 November 16,1993, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Pub. L. 103–141,107 Stat.1488 November 30,1993, Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, 103–159, title I,107 Stat.1536 November 30,1993, Dont ask, dont tell, Pub. L. 103–160,107 Stat.1670 December 8,1993, North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, 103–182,107 Stat.2057 May 26,1994, Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, Pub. L. 103–259,108 Stat.694 September 13,1994, Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, 103–322,108 Stat.1796 September 23,1994, Community Development, Credit Enhancement, and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, Pub. L. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, halverson Historian, Richard A. Baker Parliamentarian, Alan Frumin Secretary, Walter J. Stewart Secretary for the Majority, C. Abbott Saffold Secretary for the Minority, Howard O. Green, Congress U. S. House of Representatives, Congressional History U. S. Senate, Statistics and Lists House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 103rd Congress. Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 103rd Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 103rd Congress
10.
109th United States Congress
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House members were elected in the 2004 elections on November 2,2004. Senators were elected in three classes in the 2000 elections on November 7,2000,2002 elections on November 5,2002, the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-second Census of the United States in 2000. Both chambers had a Republican majority, the party as President Bush. In addition to the DeLay indictment, this Congress also had a number of scandals, Bob Ney, Randy Duke Cunningham, William J. Jefferson, Mark Foley scandal, and the Jack Abramoff scandals. This Congress met for 242 days, the fewest since World War II and 12 days fewer than the 80th Congress, the President vetoed only one bill, his first veto, the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005. February 17,2005, Class Action Fairness Act of 2005, 109–2 March 21,2005, Theresa Marie Schiavos law, Pub. L. 109–3 April 20,2005, Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act, 109–8 April 27,2005, Family Entertainment and Copyright Act, Pub. L. 109–9 July 28,2005, Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, 109–53 July 29,2005, Energy Policy Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–58 August 10,2005, Transportation Equity Act of 2005, 109–59 October 26,2005, Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act, Pub. L. 109–92 December 1,2005, Caribbean National Forest Act of 2005, 109–118 December 22,2005, Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–145 December 30,2005, Department of Defense Appropriations Act,2006, 109–148 February 8,2006, Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–171 May 17,2006, Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005, 109–222 May 29,2006, Respect for Americas Fallen Heroes Act, Pub. L. 109–228 July 27,2006, Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, 109–248 September 26,2006, Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109–282 October 13,2006, Safe Port Act, Pub. L, 109–347, including title VIII, Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 October 17,2006, Military Commissions Act of 2006, Pub. L. 109–366 October 26,2006, Secure Fence Act of 2006, 109–367 December 20,2006, Stolen Valor Act of 2005, Pub. L. 109–437 December 20,2006, Tax Relief and Health Act of 2006, on January 16,2006, Democrat Jon Corzine resigned, but Democrat Bob Menendez was appointed and took Corzines seat the next day. All seats were filled though special elections, the names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. Members who came and left during this Congress, House of Representatives Statistics & Lists from the U. S. Senate Legislative information from Congress. gov at the Library of Congress House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 109th Congress
11.
110th United States Congress
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It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 2000 U. S. census, the Democratic Party controlled a majority in both chambers for the first time since the end of the 103rd Congress in 1995. Although the Democrats held fewer than 50 Senate seats, they had a majority because the two independent senators caucused with the Democrats for organizational purposes. No Democratic-held seats had fallen to the Republican Party in the 2006 elections, democrat Nancy Pelosi became the first woman Speaker of the House. The House also received the first Muslim and Buddhist members of Congress, members debated initiatives such as the Democrats 100-Hour Plan and the Iraq War troop surge of 2007. Following President Bushs 2007 State of the Union Address, Congress debated his proposal to create a surge to increase security in Iraq. President Bush, however, vetoed the bill as promised, making this his second veto while in office, both houses of Congress subsequently passed a bill funding the war without timelines, but with benchmarks for the Iraqi government and money for other spending projects like disaster relief. January 23,2007, President Bush delivered the 2007 State of the Union Address August 2,2007 and this led to an investigation by the House Select Committee on Voting Irregularities. December 18,2007, The Senate set a record for the most cloture votes, November 4,2008, General elections - Democrats increased their congressional majorities and Senator Barack Obama was elected President. These are partial lists of prominent enacted legislation and pending bills, see also,2008 Congressional Record, Vol.154, Page D845, Resume of Congressional Activity February 2,2007 — House Page Board Revision Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–2,121 Stat.4 May 25,2007 — U. S, troop Readiness, Veterans Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act,2007, Pub. L. 112, including Title VIII, Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007,121 Stat.188 June 14,2007 — Preserving United States Attorney Independence Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–34,121 Stat.224 July 26,2007 — Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007, 110–49,121 Stat.246 August 3,2007 — Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–53,121 Stat.266 August 5,2007 — Protect America Act of 2007, 110–55,121 Stat.552 September 14,2007 — Honest Leadership and Open Government Act, Pub. L. 110–81,121 Stat.735 November 8,2007 — Water Resources Development Act of 2007, 110–114,121 Stat.1041 - Veto Overridden December 19,2007 — Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, Pub. L. 110–140,121 Stat.1492 February 13,2008 — Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, 110–185,122 Stat.613 May 21,2008 — Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, Pub. L. 110–233,122 Stat.881 May 22,2008 — Food and Energy Security Act of 2007, 110–234,122 Stat.923 - Veto Overridden June 30,2008 — Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, Pub. L. 2323, including Title V, Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 July 10,2008 — FISA Amendments Act of 2008, 110–261,122 Stat.2436 July 29,2008 — Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE Act of 2008, Pub. L
12.
112th United States Congress
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The One Hundred Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3,2011, until January 3,2013. It convened in Washington, D. C. on January 3,2011, senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress. This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census. In the 2010 midterm elections, the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives, while the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress. This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress, in this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members,242, since the 80th Congress. January 6,2011, On the second day of the 112th Congress, the House of Representatives read a version of the U. S. Constitution. January 8,2011,2011 Tucson shooting, Representative Gabrielle Giffords and nineteen people were shot by a gunman in Tucson. Six of them, including a judge and a congressional aide. Votes on the House floor were suspended for one week, January 25,2011,2011 State of the Union Address March 19,2011, The United States initiated Operation Odyssey Dawn as part of the international military intervention in the Libyan Civil War. The intervention continued under the auspices of NATO as Operation Unified Protector until the end of operations in October 2011. May 2,2011, Navy Seals killed al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden in Operation Neptune Spear, April 9,2011, A last-minute deal between both parties averts a partial shutdown of the federal government. August 2,2011, The 2011 debt-ceiling crisis ends with the Budget Control Act of 2011, December 18,2011, The United States completed its withdrawal of troops from Iraq, formally ending the Iraq War. January 1,2013, United States fiscal cliff avoided, a failure to pass a 2011 federal budget nearly led to a shutdown of non-essential government services on April 9,2011, with the furlough of 800,000 government employees appearing imminent. President Obama met Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and House Speaker John Boehner in the preceding the deadline but was unable to come to an agreement to pass a budget. A one-week budget was proposed to avoid a government shutdown and allow time for negotiations, however. Obama said he would veto a proposed Republican budget over Republican social spending cuts and this was also backed by Senate Democrats who objected to such cuts as that of Planned Parenthood. However, an agreement was reached between the two parties for a budget to allow for more time to negotiate after Republicans dropped their stance on the Planned Parenthood issue. The two parties agreed on a 2011 federal budget the following week
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State of Hawaii