1.
Cleveland Museum of Art
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The Cleveland Museum of Art is an art museum located in the Wade Park District, in the University Circle neighborhood on Clevelands east side. Internationally renowned for its holdings of Asian and Egyptian art. The museum has remained true to the vision of its founders, keeping general admission free to the public. With about 598,000 visitors annually, it is one of the most visited art museums in the world, for the benefit of all people, forever. The Cleveland Museum of Art was founded as a trust in 1913 with an endowment from prominent Cleveland industrialists Hinman Hurlbut, John Huntington and Horace Kelley. The neoclassical, white Georgian Marble, Beaux-Arts building was constructed on the edge of Wade Park. Wade Park and the museum were designed by the architectural firm, Hubbell & Benes. The 75-acre green space takes its name from philanthropist Jeptha H. Wade, the museum opened its doors to the public on June 6,1916, with Wades grandson, Jeptha H. Wade II, proclaiming it, for the benefit of all people, forever. Wade, like his grandfather, had a great interest in art and served as the museums first vice-president, today, the park, with the museum still as its centerpiece, is on the National Register of Historic Places. In March 1958, the first addition to the building opened and this addition, which was on the north side of the original building, was designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Hayes and Ruth and consisted of new gallery space and a new art library. The museum again expanded in 1971 with the opening of the North Wing, the museums main entrance now shifted to the North Wing. The auditorium, classrooms, and lecture halls shifted into the North Wing, allowing this space in the Original Building to be turned into gallery space. In 1983, a West Wing, designed by the Cleveland architectural firm of Dalton, van Dijk, Johnson and this provided larger library space, as well as nine new galleries. Between 2001 and 2012, the 1958 and 1983 additions were demolished, designed by Rafael Viñoly, this $350 million project doubled the museums size to 592,000 square feet. Viñoly covered the space created by the demolition of the 1958 and 1983 structures with a glass-roofed atrium, the east wing opened in 2009, and the north wing and atrium in 2012. The West Wing opened on January 2,2014, the museums building and renovation project, Building for the Future, began in 2005 and was originally targeted for completion in 2012 at projected costs of $258 million. The $350 million project—two-thirds of which was earmarked for the renovation of the original 1916 structure—added two new wings, and was the largest cultural project in Ohios history. The new east and west wings, as well as the enclosing of the courtyard under a soaring glass canopy, have brought the museums total floor space to 592,000 square feet
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
4.
Cuyahoga County, Ohio
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Cuyahoga County is a county located in the U. S. state of Ohio. As of the 2016 census estimates, the population was 1,249,352 and its county seat is Cleveland. The county is named after the Iroquoian word Cuyahoga, which means crooked river. The name is assigned to the Cuyahoga River, which bisects the county. Cuyahoga County is included in the Cleveland-Elyria, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, former U. S. President James A. Garfield was born in what was Cuyahoga Countys Orange Township. After the discovery of the New World, the land that became Cuyahoga County was originally part of the French colony of Canada, which was ceded in 1763 to Great Britain and renamed Province of Quebec. In the late 18th century the land part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in the Northwest Territory. Cuyahoga County was created on June 7,1807 and organized on May 1,1810 and it was later reduced by the creation of Huron, Lake, and Lorain Counties. It was named after the Cuyahoga River, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,246 square miles, of which 457 square miles is land and 788 square miles is water. It is the second-largest county in Ohio by total area, a portion of Cuyahoga Valley National Park is located in the southeastern portion of the county. Lake County Geauga County Summit County Medina County Lorain County Portage County As of the 2010 Census, there were 1,280,122 people,571,457 households, the population density was 2,800 people per square mile. There were 621,763 housing units at a density of 1,346 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 63. 6% White,29. 7% African American,0. 2% Native American,2. 6% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,1. 8% from other races, and 2. 1% from two or more races. 4. 8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16. 5% were of German,12. 8% Irish,8. 8% Italian,8. 1% Polish,5. 9% English,3. 7% Slovak and 3. 1% Hungarian, ancestries. There are also numbers of Russians, French, Arabs, Ukrainians. 88. 4% spoke English,3. 7% Spanish, and 4. 9% some other Indo-European language,7. 3% of the population were foreign-born. 32. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.06. In the county, the population was out with 25. 00% under the age of 18,8. 00% from 18 to 24,29. 30% from 25 to 44,22. 20% from 45 to 64
5.
Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
6.
2000 United States Census
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This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States. Approximately 16 percent of households received a form of the 2000 census. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 2000 census is available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2072. The U. S. resident population includes the number of people in the 50 states. The Bureau also enumerated the residents of the U. S. territory of Puerto Rico, its population was 3,808,610, the 2000 Census was the first time survey options for multiracial Americans were provided. S. Households had access to computers, 42% have Internet access, regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nations population increase,14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that the center of U. S. population moved to Phelps County. The Northeast grew by 2,785,149, the Midwest by 4,724,144, the results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned. Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of the U. S. Code, each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U. S, since the first census in 1790, the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, in 1790, each member of the House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents. This recommendation was followed by the Secretary of Commerce, after the census was tabulated, Utah challenged the results in two different ways. Utah was extremely close to gaining a fourth seat, falling 857 people short. The margin was later shortened to 80 people, after the government discovered that it overcounted the population of North Carolina by 2,673 residents. Utah claimed that individuals traveling abroad as religious missionaries should be counted as residents, almost half of all Mormon missionaries, more than 11,000 individuals, were from Utah, only 102 came from North Carolina
7.
Demography
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Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. As a very general science, it can analyse any kind of dynamic living population, Demography encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, ageing, and death. Based on the research of the earth, earths population up to the year 2050 and 2100 can be estimated by demographers. Demographics are quantifiable characteristics of a given population, demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity. Educational institutions usually treat demography as a field of sociology, though there are a number of independent demography departments, demographic thoughts can be traced back to antiquity, and were present in many civilizations and cultures, like Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, India and China. In ancient Greece, this can be found in the writings of Herodotus, Thucidides, Hippocrates, Epicurus, Protagoras, Polus, Plato and Aristotle. In Rome, writers and philosophers like Cicero, Seneca, Pliny the elder, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Cato, in the Middle ages, Christian thinkers devoted much time in refuting the Classical ideas on demography. Important contributors to the field were William of Conches, Bartholomew of Lucca, William of Auvergne, William of Pagula, and Ibn Khaldun. One of the earliest demographic studies in the period was Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality by John Graunt. Among the studys findings were that one third of the children in London died before their sixteenth birthday, mathematicians, such as Edmond Halley, developed the life table as the basis for life insurance mathematics. Richard Price was credited with the first textbook on life contingencies published in 1771, followed later by Augustus de Morgan, at the end of the 18th century, Thomas Robert Malthus concluded that, if unchecked, populations would be subject to exponential growth. He feared that population growth would tend to outstrip growth in production, leading to ever-increasing famine. He is seen as the father of ideas of overpopulation. Later, more sophisticated and realistic models were presented by Benjamin Gompertz, the period 1860-1910 can be characterized as a period of transition wherein demography emerged from statistics as a separate field of interest. There are two types of data collection—direct and indirect—with several different methods of each type, direct data comes from vital statistics registries that track all births and deaths as well as certain changes in legal status such as marriage, divorce, and migration. In developed countries with good registration systems, registry statistics are the best method for estimating the number of births and deaths, a census is the other common direct method of collecting demographic data. A census is conducted by a national government and attempts to enumerate every person in a country. Analyses are conducted after a census to estimate how much over or undercounting took place and these compare the sex ratios from the census data to those estimated from natural values and mortality data
8.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
9.
UTC-5
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UTC−05,00 is a time offset that subtracts five hours from Coordinated Universal Time. In North America, it is observed in the Eastern Time Zone during standard time, the western Caribbean uses it year round. The southwestern and northwestern portions of Indiana Mexico – Central Zone Central, in most of Mexico, daylight time starts a few weeks after the United States. Communities on the U. S. border that observe Central Time follow the U. S. daylight time schedule
10.
Daylight saving time
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Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
11.
ZIP Code
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ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, was chosen to suggest that the travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly. The basic format consists of five numerical digits, an extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in 1983, includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, a hyphen, and four additional digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP Code. The term ZIP Code was originally registered as a servicemark by the U. S. Postal Service, USPS style for ZIP is all caps and the c in code is also capitalized, although style sheets for some publications use sentence case or lowercase. The early history and context of postal codes began with postal district/zone numbers, the United States Post Office Department implemented postal zones for numerous large cities in 1943. For example, Mr. John Smith 3256 Epiphenomenal Avenue Minneapolis 16, by the early 1960s a more organized system was needed, and on July 1,1963, non-mandatory five-digit ZIP Codes were introduced nationwide. Three months later, on October 1,1963, the U. S, an earlier list in June had proposed capitalized abbreviations ranging from two to five letters. The abbreviations have remained unchanged, with one exception, according to the historian of the U. S. Robert Moon, an employee of the post office, is considered the father of the ZIP Code, he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a postal inspector. The post office gives credit to Moon only for the first three digits of the ZIP Code, which describe the sectional center facility or sec center, an SCF is a central mail processing facility with those three digits. The SCF sorts mail to all post offices with those first three digits in their ZIP Codes, the mail is sorted according to the final two digits of the ZIP Code and sent to the corresponding post offices in the early morning. Sectional centers do not deliver mail and are not open to the public, Mail picked up at post offices is sent to their own SCF in the afternoon, where the mail is sorted overnight. The United States Post Office used a character, which it called Mr. ZIP. He was often depicted with a such as USE ZIP CODE in the selvage of panes of stamps or on labels contained in, or the covers of. In 1983, the U. S. Postal Service introduced an expanded ZIP Code system that it called ZIP+4, often called plus-four codes, add-on codes, or add ons. But initial attempts to promote use of the new format met with public resistance. For Post Office Boxes, the rule is that each box has its own ZIP+4 code. However, there is no rule, so the ZIP+4 Code must be looked up individually for each box. It is common to use add-on code 9998 for mail addressed to the postmaster,9999 for general delivery, for a unique ZIP Code, the add-on code is typically 0001
12.
Household income in the United States
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Household income is an economic measure that can be applied to one household, or aggregated across a large group such as a county, city, or the whole country. It is commonly used by the United States government and private institutions to describe a households economic status or to track trends in the US. Household income is measured in various ways, one key measure is the real median level, meaning half of households have income above that level and half below, adjusted for inflation. According to the Federal Reserve, this measure was $56,516 in 2015 and this was the largest one-year percentage increase on record. However, it remained 2. 5% below the 1999 peak of $57,909, the Census Bureau estimated real median household income at $55,775 in 2015, up $2,062 or 3. 8% from the 2014 level of $53,713. Household income varies geographically and by race, the overall median has continued to rise steadily, if slowly, to $57,616 in September 2016 according to one unofficial source that reports monthly versus annually. After falling somewhat due to the Great Recession in 2008 and 2009, inequality rose again during the economic recovery, the residents of the household do not have to be related to the head of the household for their earnings to be considered part of the households income. As households tend to share an economic context, the use of household income remains among the most widely accepted measures of income. The U. S. Census Bureau reported in September 2016 that real median income was $55,775 in 2015. This was the third year with a statistically significant increase by their measure. The U. S. Census Bureau reported in September 2014 that, U. S. real median income was $51,939 in 2013 versus $51,759 in 2012. In 2013, real median income was 8.0 percent lower than in 2007. Real median household income averaged $50,781 from 1964-2013, ranging from a low of $43,558 in 1967 to a high of $56,895 in 1999, the recovery from the 2007-2009 recession had not translated into higher incomes for the typical American family. For instance, the retirement of the Baby Boom generation should push down overall median income, however, analysis of different working age groups indicate a similar pattern of stagnating median income as well. But foreign-produced goods became sharply cheaper, meaning imports climbed and production moved overseas, and computers took over for humans in many manufacturing, clerical, and administrative tasks, eroding middle-class jobs growth and suppressing wages. Another line of analysis, known as compensation, presents a more complete picture of real wages. The Kaiser Family Foundation conducted a study in 2013 which shows that employer contributions to healthcare costs went up 78% from 2003 to 2013. The marketplace has made a trade-off, expanding benefits packages vs. increasing wages, measured relative to GDP, total compensation and its component wages and salaries have been declining since 1970
13.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
14.
Severance Hall
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Severance Hall is a concert hall located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. The hall has been the home of the Cleveland Orchestra since its opening on February 5,1931, Severance Hall is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Wade Park District. However, both buildings were used by groups and for a variety of different kinds of presentations. Most famously, the Orchestra twice had to arrange alternative concert locations from Grays Armory on short notice due to a conflict with a poultry exhibition. Despite the economic difficulties of the Great Depression, construction began in 1929, designed by local firm Walker and Weeks, the buildings exterior is transitional between Classical, and the late flowering of Classical style known as Art Moderne or Art Deco. New York sculptor Henry Hering created a sculpture for the pediment. Inside, Severance Hall is one of Americas greatest Art Deco interiors, as was usual with the style, Egyptian Revival mix with inspiration drawn from Greek and Roman themes. The ceiling and pillars of the auditorium glisten with Art Deco motifs in aluminum leaf, some acoustic problems were soon observed in Severance Hall shortly after its opening. In 1958, at the instigation of Music Director George Szell, to make the auditorium more resonant, the original proscenium and blue velvet drapes were removed and the placement of carpet was reduced to a minimum. On the stage a permanent acoustical shell was built, the new shell consisted of thick wooden walls surrounding the orchestra in a series of convex curves. The heavy wood walls were filled with sand to heights of up to nine feet to make them less absorbent. The result was a new, vibrant-sounding space which complemented the refined, visually, however, the severe new Modernist stage clashed with the elegant Art Deco design of the auditorium. In addition, the pipe chambers were effectively sealed off from the auditorium by the new shell. This made the organ all but non-functional, its sound being transferred into the auditorium via microphones, in 1970 the buildings drive-through street-level entrance paved with tile was closed as the use of taxis and chauffeured vehicles had declined. A dining area was set up in the resulting space, later on, one of the access corridors on the ground floor was closed off to create space for a dressing room for women orchestra members. Beginning in 1998, the Hall underwent an extensive two-year, $36 million restoration and expansion, the renovated building reopened in January 2000, winning the National Preservation Honor Award. The project architect was David M. Schwarz, Severance Hall was featured in the 1997 Harrison Ford film Air Force One. The scene during the credits shows a night-time military raid on the presidential palace of the leader of Kazakhstan
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Cleveland Orchestra
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The Cleveland Orchestra, based in Cleveland, is one of the five American orchestras informally referred to as the Big Five. Founded in 1918 by the pianist and impresario Adella Prentiss Hughes, as of 2016, the incumbent music director is Franz Welser-Möst. In 2012 Gramophone Magazine ranked the Cleveland Orchestra number 7 on its list of 20 of the worlds greatest orchestras, the orchestra was founded in 1918 by Adella Prentiss Hughes, with Nikolai Sokoloff as its principal conductor. From early in its existence, it toured throughout the eastern United States, made radio broadcasts, subsequent principal conductors, with the title of Music Director, were Artur Rodziński, Erich Leinsdorf, George Szell, Pierre Boulez, Lorin Maazel, and Christoph von Dohnányi. Franz Welser-Möst has been Music Director since 2002 and is contracted to remain through the 2021-2022 season, George Szells long reign as Music Director has been largely credited for the orchestras rise to eminence. He reformed the orchestra in the late-1940s, firing a dozen musicians in the process with a dozen more leaving of their own volition, Szell is also credited with giving the orchestra its distinct, European sound. He pushed an ambitious recording schedule with the orchestra, bringing its music to millions worldwide, Szells influence has continued, even decades after his death. Cleveland is the smallest city amongst the traditional Big Five orchestras, the others are based in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago. However, musicians in Cleveland are often treated as local celebrities, clevelanders are proud that their city boasts an orchestra that has several times been touted as Americas finest, and compared favorably to many of the great orchestras in Central Europe. In the 1960s fans were known to have airport rallies when the orchestra comes home from tour chant, past assistant conductors of the Cleveland Orchestra include Matthias Bamert, James Levine, Alan Gilbert, James Judd and Michael Stern. Severance Hall is the Cleveland Orchestras home and it was built for the orchestra in 1931. The orchestra performs the majority of its concerts at Severance and also uses the hall for rehearsals, the concert organ there is by Ernest M. Skinner IV-94. During the summer months, the orchestra presents their annual Blossom Festival at the Blossom Music Center in Cuyahoga Falls, until 2005, the Blossom Festival had its own music director. The last person to serve in that capacity was Jahja Ling, after he stepped down from that position, the orchestra eliminated the post, and now has current music director Franz Welser-Möst in charge of the classical music concerts at the Blossom Festival. The orchestra also has long-term performing relationships in Lucerne, Vienna, New York City, a residency in Miami, the Cleveland Orchestra Official website Cleveland Orchestra history at the Wayback Machine from the Telarc website. Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra Cleveland Orchestra Musicians
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Cleveland Institute of Art
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The Cleveland Institute of Art, previously Cleveland School of Art, located in University Circle, Cleveland, Ohio, is one of the nation’s leading independent colleges of art and design. The college was founded in 1882 as the Western Reserve School of Design for Women, having become a co-educational school, it was renamed the Cleveland School of Art in 1892. After unsuccessful attempts to merge the school with Western Reserve University, in the fall of 1905, the first classes were held in a newly constructed building at the corner of Magnolia Drive and Juniper Road in Clevelands University Circle. Beginning in 1917, the offered classes for children and adults on weekends. The school participated in the WPA Federal Art Project during the Great Depression, medical drawing and mapmaking were added to the curriculum during World War II. The school began offering a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1947 and it became the Cleveland Institute of Art the following year, the college gradually incorporated more academic courses into the curriculum, while retaining its key objective to offer practical training. In 1956 the school moved to a new building on East Boulevard that it would name for George Gund II, who served as the colleges board president and generous patron from 1942-1966. In 1981 the college acquired the former Albert Kahn designed Euclid Avenue assembly plant which was built by Ford in 1914-1915, Cleveland Institute of Art named the building the Joseph McCullough Center For Visual Arts following remodeling. In early 2013, CIA announced it would sell its East Boulevard building to the Cleveland Museum of Art and this new George Gund Building houses, the Peter B. The building also houses the American Greetings Welcome Center, the Admissions and Financial Aid offices, the new building has been designed to look crisp and contemporary without detracting from the historic McCullough building next door. Uptown Phase II, at the corner of Euclid Avenue and Ford Drive, Services for students include Career Services, Center for Writing and Learning Support. Cleveland Institute of Art Is a founding member of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art, in 2013,2014, and 2015, Cleveland Institute of Art was named a Best Midwestern College by the Princeton Review. In 2015 CIA was the college of art and design to achieve this designation. Princeton Review is a services company widely known for its test preparation programs and college. In 2015, Money magazine named Cleveland Institute of Art to its Best Colleges for your Money ranking, Cleveland Cinematheque, a nationally recognized alternative film theater, is part of Cleveland Institute of Art. The recently completed George Gund Building adjoins the historic Joseph McCullough Center for the Visual Arts at 11610 Euclid Avenue, reinberger Gallery presents free rotating art exhibits, events and lectures. Visiting artists often present lectures and symposia, the gallery is closed on Sundays. CIAs Uptown Residence Hall houses some 130 first-year students in the Uptown Development on Euclid Avenue
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Case Western Reserve University
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Case Western Reserve University is a private doctorate-granting university in Cleveland, Ohio. The university was created in 1967 by the federation of Case Institute of Technology, time magazine described the merger as the creation of Clevelands Big-Leaguer university. In U. S. News & World Reports 2015 rankings, in 2016, the inaugural edition of The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education ranked Case Western Reserve as 32nd among all universities and 29th among private institutions. The University is associated with 16 Nobel laureates and it is also a leading institution for research in electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering. Currently, the Editor for the Journal of the Electrochemical Society is a Case professor, Case Western Reserve is a member of the Association of American Universities. Severance Hall, home of the Cleveland Orchestra, is also on the Case Western Reserve University campus and this experiment proved the non-existence of the luminiferous ether and was later understood as convincing evidence in support of special relativity as proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905. Michelson became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science, the commemorative Michelson-Morley Memorial Fountain as well as an Ohio Historical Marker are located on campus, near where the actual experiment was performed. Case Western Reserve University was created in 1967, when Western Reserve University and Case Institute of Technology, institutions that had been neighbors for 81 years, formally federated. Western Reserve College was founded in 1826 in Hudson, Ohio, the nearby city of Cleveland, located about 26 miles to its northwest, had only begun to grow. Western Reserve College, or Reserve as it was called, was the first college in northern Ohio. By 1875, a number of schools had been established nearby. In 1882, with funding from Amasa Stone, Western Reserve College moved to Cleveland, in 1877, Leonard Case Jr. began laying the groundwork for the Case School of Applied Science by secretly donating valuable pieces of Cleveland real estate to a trust. He asked his confidential advisor, Henry Gilbert Abbey, to administer the trust, the Case School of Applied Science was issued a charter by the state of Ohio in 1882, four months after Cases death. For the first four years of the existence, it was located in the Case familys home on Rockwell Street in downtown Cleveland. Classes were held in the house, while the chemistry. The school moved to University Circle in 1885, over time, the Case School of Applied Science grew to encompass a broader vision, adopting the name Case Institute of Technology in 1947 to reflect the institutions growing stature. The institutions already shared buildings and staff when necessary and worked together often, One such example was seen in 1887, when Case physicist Albert Michelson and Reserve chemist Edward Morley collaborated on the famous Michelson–Morley experiment. There had been discussion of a merger of the two institutions as early as 1890, but those talks dissolved quickly
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Cleveland Institute of Music
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The Cleveland Institute of Music is an independent, international music conservatory located in the University Circle district of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. It is led by President Paul Hogle, the Institute was founded in 1920, with the composer Ernest Bloch as director. Annual enrollment at the conservatory is between 400 and 450 students with approximately 1,500 students enrolled in the preparatory and continuing education programs at any given time. Between 1,000 and 1,200 prospective students apply to the conservatory annually for the 150 openings available for fall enrollment, typically, 60-70 freshmen are enrolled each fall, 81% of entering freshman graduate within five years. Members of The Cleveland Orchestra are connected to the Cleveland Institute of Music as members of the CIM faculty, alumni of the conservatory or preparatory programs, through a cooperative arrangement with Case Western Reserve University, CIM students have full access to university courses and facilities. They can pursue a degree both at CIM and Case Western Reserve, if they are accepted to both institutions, CIM has a retention rate of 82%. CIM is located in the University Circle, a four-mile square neighborhood in Cleveland that was listed as one of Americas Prettiest Neighborhoods by Forbes magazine in 2011, in 2007, CIM completed a remodeling project in conjunction with a campaign to raise $40 million. Two wings were added to the main building
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Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland
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The Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland, better known by its acronym, MOCA, is a contemporary art museum located in Cleveland, Ohio. Founded in 1968 by Marjorie Talalay, Agnes Gund, and Nina Castelli Sundell as The New Gallery, in 2002, CCCA changed its name to Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland. On October 8,2012 the new $27.2 million home for MOCA opened to the public at the corner of Mayfield Road, the new building was designed by world-famous Iranian born London architect Farshid Moussavi. Past exhibits have featured art by Andy Warhol, Christo, and Claes Oldenburg, Jim Hodges and Hildur Ásgeirsdóttir Jónsson, the museum places a special focus on artists from Greater Cleveland and the rest of Northeastern Ohio in regional group shows curated every two years
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Cleveland Botanical Garden
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The Cleveland Botanical Garden, located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was founded in 1930 as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. It was the first such organization in an American city, in 1966, having outgrown its original home, the Garden Center moved to its present location in University Circle, the site of the old Cleveland Zoo. Remnants of the old bear pit still remain in the Ohio Woodland Garden, the expanded and renovated building, designed by Graham Gund Architects of Cambridge, Massachusetts, opened to the public in July 2003. They feature over 350 species of plants and 50 species of animals, pat Patrick Perennial Border, and the public Campsey-Stauffer Gateway Garden. The gardens were featured in a episode of Supernatural, titled Dark Side of the Moon. List of botanical gardens in the United States Cleveland Botanical Garden
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Lake View Cemetery
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Lake View Cemetery is on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio, along the East Cleveland and Cleveland Heights borders. More than 104,000 people are buried at Lake View, there are 70 acres remaining for future development. Lake View Cemetery was founded in 1869 and sits on 285 acres of land, the cemetery is so named because it is partially located in the heights area of Greater Cleveland, with a view of Lake Erie to the north. It was modeled after the great cemeteries of Victorian-era England. The Italian stonemasons brought in to create the Cemetery founded the Cleveland neighborhood of Little Italy just to its southwest, the James A. Garfield Memorial is the most prominent point of interest at Lake View Cemetery. The ornate interior features a marble statue, stained glass, bas relief. The monument also serves as an observation deck and picnic area. President and Mrs. Garfield are entombed in the lower level crypt, their coffins placed side by side, another prominent structure in the cemetery is the Wade Chapel. Behind the chapel is a large pond, a smaller and very well-known memorial, the Angel of Death Victorious at the gravesite of the Haserot family, was created by sculptor Herman Matzen. The cemetery is among those profiled in the 2005 PBS documentary A Cemetery Special, scenes of the film, Captain America, The Winter Soldier, were filmed at the cemetery. John D. Henry Alden Sherwin was one of the two founders of the Sherwin-Williams Company in 1866, the company was created in part by both Sherwin and Edward Porter Williams. Stokes argued Terry v Ohio Stop and Frisk Carl B, stokes, Mayor of Cleveland, United States ambassador, first African American elected mayor of a major American city Amasa Stone. Official website Lake View Cemetery at Find a Grave
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Cleveland Museum of Natural History
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The museum was established in 1920 by Cyrus S. Eaton to perform research, education and development of collections in the fields of anthropology, archaeology, astronomy, botany, geology, paleontology, wildlife biology, donald Johanson was the curator of the museum when he discovered Lucy, the skeletal remains of the ancient hominid Australopithecus afarensis. The current Curator and Head of the Physical Anthropology Department is Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Museum collections total more than four million specimens and include specimens of paleontology, zoology, archaeology, mineralogy, ornithology, and a variety of other scientific subjects. A beloved full-scale model of a Stegosaurus on the lawn delights Cleveland children, some of the more important specimens include, An extensive collection of Late Devonian fossil fish from the Cleveland Shale, including several mounted skulls of the arthrodire placoderm Dunkleosteus. Nine hundred monkey and ape skeletons, and more than 3,100 human skeletons, the only specimen of the small tyrannosaur Nanotyrannus lancensis. The holotype of the Haplocanthosaurus sauropod, the most complete mount of a Coelophysis bauri. Mounted taxidermy remains of Balto the sled dog, an extensive mineralogy collection that includes a moon rock and the Jeptha Wade gem collection. Replica skeletons of Triceratops and Jane, a juvenile tyrannosaurid, a cast of an Australopithecus afarensis skeleton, an early hominid affectionately dubbed Lucy. A new T-rex skeleton that is now on display, the Museums Allosaurus has been remounted and is on display. A collection of 30,000 plant fossils acquired from the University of Cincinnati by former curator of paleobotany, a Foucault Pendulum underneath in which the Bicentennial Education Time Capsule was buried in 1996 and will be opened in 2046 The museum has made many discoveries over the years. Recently, in Vertebrate Paleontology, both the remains of a Titanicthis in Ohio and a new ceratopsian, Albertaceratops nesmoi, have been made, both are expected to go on display eventually. The Hamann-Todd Collection is a collection of more than 3100 human skeletons, the collection was originally housed at Western Reserve University Medical School in a new medical building that was built for that purpose. The first floor of this contained the Hamann Museum of Comparative Anthropology. However, due to the costs of storing the bones, the collection was transferred to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, in 1893, Carl August Hamann initiated the collection. Its administration was taken over by T. Wingate Todd after Hamann was named dean of Case Westerns medical school in 1912, Todd managed to assemble the great majority of the human skeletons in the collection, over 3000, before his death in 1938. The Ralph Perkins II Wildlife Center and Woods Garden presented by Key Bank, which includes live animals and plants native to Ohio, opened on September 3,2016
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University Hospitals of Cleveland
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University Hospitals of Cleveland is a major not-for-profit medical complex in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center is a hospital of Case Western Reserve University - a relationship that was first established in 1896. With 150 locations throughout northeast Ohio, the University Hospitals network encompasses hospitals, outpatient centers, rainbow Babies & Childrens Hospital, is ranked #2 nationally for Neonatal Care by the U. S. News & World Report. Department of Family Medicine is ranked #9 nationally by U. S. News & World Report, Cleveland Medical Center and Case School of Medicine together form the largest biomedical research center in Ohio. The capital expenditure for this project, according to press releases, was to be approximately US$1 billion. Construction was originally due to be completed by the year 2010 and it was established through a $50 million gift from the Harrington family and an additional $100 million in support from University Hospitals. The project has three components, the Harrington Discovery Institute, the Innovation Support Center, and Biomotiv, in June 2014, the Harrington Discovery Institute received a $25 million grant from the State of Ohio through the Third Frontier economic development program to further its mission. George Washington Crile - Performed first blood transfusion, established Lakeside Hospital of University Hospitals Case Medical Center, and later co-founded Cleveland Clinic. Claude Beck - Performed first surgical treatment of coronary artery disease, Performed first defibrillation using machine he built with James Rand Developed concept of Becks Triad. Started the first CPR teaching course for medical professionals, alfredo Palacio - President of Ecuador. In November 2009, ABC News Nightline program broadcast a segment on Case Medical Centers care of critically ill Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 patients, in February 2010, NBCs Today Show program broadcast a segment following Case Medical Centers Dr. Mauricio Arruda in the Cardiovascular operating room. List of Case Western people University Hospitals Ahuja Medical Center Cleveland Clinic The Harrington Project Medical centers in the United States University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
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Glenville, Cleveland
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Glenville is a neighborhood on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio. The neighborhood has an irregular border and it begins in the northeast at Eddy Road, and follows Hazeldell Road, E. 110th Street, and Lakeview Road south to E. 114th Street. It follows E. 114th Street South to Superior Avenue, where the border moves east to E. 125th Street and it follows E. 125th Street south to Hower Avenue, and then cuts across residential blocks in a due-south line to Wade Park Avenue. It roughly follows Wade Park Avenue west to E. 105th Street and it follows Superior Avenue west to E. 98th Street. The border follows Parkgate Avenue west, cuts across Rockefeller Park to Crumb Avenue, and then follows Crumb Avenue, E. 79th Street, the border then follows the Shoreway to Eddy Road. The Glenville neighborhood was founded in 1870 and was annexed by the City in 1905, Glenville had been a small village, serving mainly as a resort community to Clevelands upper-middle class residents, just beyond the eastern edge of the city limits. From a period beginning shortly after its annexation and into the 1940s, since the 1960s, racial integration saw an accompanying civil unrest in the neighborhood, which reached its climax in the 1968 Glenville Shootout. Glenville High School and its feeder schools serve the community at large, Glenville is bordered on the northwest by Gordon Park and on the entirety of its immediate western edge by the winding Rockefeller Park. Built on land donated to the city by John D. Jerry Siegel, fanzine editor and comic book writer, joe Shuster, cartoonist and comic book artist, co-creator of the first comic book superhero Superman
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Buckeye-Shaker
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Buckeye-Shaker is a city planning area on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio. Buckeye-Shaker is bordered by the neighborhoods of Woodland Hills on its west, Mount Pleasant to the south, University Circle to the north, and the suburb of Shaker Heights to the east. The historic American Colonial-Georgian shopping center, which was influenced by European town squares, was built between 1927 and 1929 by the Van Sweringen brothers. On either side of the tracks are two lawn areas. A short distance east of the Shaker Square stop, the splits into the Green Line. Four large buildings around the perimeter of the grass make up the second planned shopping center in the United States. Since 2004 the Square has been owned by The Coral Company whose offices are in Shaker Square, today, Shaker Square is the heart of the neighborhood. Near the square are more than 4,000 units of rental and condominium apartments, townhouses, property owners pay their city taxes to the City of Cleveland and their school taxes to the Shaker Heights City School District. The Buckeye Road neighborhood was known as Little Hungary and developed as the heart of Clevelands Hungarian community in the late 19th century. Working primarily in the manufacturing sector, these immigrants settled their tightly-knit community due to its close proximity to the steel mills. Between the end of World War II and 1970 the neighborhood represented one of the most powerful political blocs in Clevelands Democratic Party, by the beginning of the 21st century only a handful of the Hungarian residents remained in a neighborhood that today is predominately African-American. Benedictine High School, a Catholic high school and perennial football-powerhouse that boasts Chuck Noll as an alumnus, is located just south of Buckeye on Martin Luther King Drive. In September 1912 the Cleveland Board of Education ceded the area at the end of Buckeye - Shaker, around what would later become Shaker Square. To this day, adults living around the Square can enjoy Shakers recreational and library facilities, Cleveland residents in this section vote on Shaker school matters, but they also vote for a Cleveland city council member, mayor, and other city matters. Homeowners and apartment owners pay real estate taxes to the City of Cleveland, however most of the Buckeye-Shaker Square area is in the City of Cleveland and also in the Cleveland Metropolitan School District. Shaker Square Shaker Square Area Development Corporation Buckeye Area Development Corporation Encyclopedia of Cleveland History article on Shaker Square
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Hough, Cleveland
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Hough is a neighborhood situated along the midtown corridor on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio. It is one of the citys oldest neighborhoods, named after Oliver, during the Civil Rights Movement, the neighborhood received national attention as a flashpoint of racial tensions, when the Hough Riots occurred. Today it is a neighborhood that has seen an increase of redevelopment, Hough is also the location of League Park, the ballpark best known as the original home of the Cleveland Indians from 1901 to 1946. The site still has a field on the original site and parts of the ballpark structure built in 1910. Hough is part of the citys 7th Ward, and is represented by Councilman T. J. Dow, neighbourhood tour - Welcome to Hough Media related to Hough, Cleveland at Wikimedia Commons Audio of a 2016 panel discussion about the history of Hough
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Fairfax, Cleveland
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Fairfax is a neighborhood on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio. The northeastern quadrant of Fairfax, along Euclid Avenue to 105th Street, is dominated by the Cleveland Clinic, karamu House - Housing one of the nations oldest African-American theater companies, it is on the National Register of Historic Places. Cuyahoga County Juvenile Justice Center - Opened in Spring of 2011, the five Womack brothers, Bobby, Cecil, Curtis, Friendly Jr. and Harry, members of the musical group, The Valentinos
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East Cleveland, Ohio
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East Cleveland is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and is the first suburb of Cleveland. The population was 17,843 at the 2010 census, East Cleveland is bounded by the city of Cleveland to its north, west, and a small section of its southwestern edge, and by Cleveland Heights to the east and the majority of its southern limits. Historically East Cleveland was partially founded by Scottish immigrants, whose names can still be found in the city such as Shaw, McIlrath, East Cleveland incorporated as a village in 1895 and became a city in 1911. This charter included provisions for womens suffrage, which at the time was unheard of east of the Mississippi River, before the charter passed, the city of Cleveland unsuccessfully attempted to annex the emerging municipality in 1910 and again in 1916. East Cleveland is home to General Electrics historic Nela Park, the worlds first industrial park, Nela Park, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, continues to operate today as the functional headquarters for GE Lighting and is the citys second largest employer. Huron Hospital, a hospital of the Cleveland Clinic, was the citys largest employer. Huron Hospital closed in spring of 2011. East Cleveland includes a portion of Euclid Avenue, which from the 1860s through the 1920s was known as Millionaires Row. The many estates along this stretch of road in East Cleveland included the 248-acre home of the late John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil founder, by the Great Depression a great number of homes along Millionaires Row were demolished or abandoned. After World War II, development of suburbs within the region brought a number of changes to East Cleveland. By the 1960s, African Americans constituted a large portion of the citys population. By 1984, East Cleveland was one of the largest primarily black communities in Ohio, East Cleveland is a charter city that is granted its authority under the home rule provisions of the Ohio constitution. Prior to 1985 East Cleveland had been under the leadership of a Commission, citizens for Sound Government, a group of residents, led a petition drive to elect a strong mayor and to create a five-member city council. Attorney Darryl E. Pittman became the first mayor to lead the city since 1908 and he was sworn in on January 1,1986. After two years on the job, in Pittmans second two-year term, Ohios State Auditor declared on September 9,1988 that East Cleveland was in fiscal emergency, the fiscal emergency designation came when the water and sewer fund were found to have deficits in excess of $2 million. Pittman was defeated in 1989 by Wallace D. Davis, the council president, prior to his defeat, Pittman convinced former U. S. Rep. Louis Stokes to support a congressional amendment that made East Cleveland a direct entitlement city under HUD. That designation gave the city the authority to more than $1 million a year in block grant funding directly from HUD. Davis borrowed $2.5 million that had to be back in eight years to get the city out of fiscal emergency
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Cleveland Heights, Ohio
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Cleveland Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, and an inner-ring suburb of Cleveland. The citys population was 46,121 at the 2010 census, as of the 2010 census, Cleveland Heights was ranked the 8th largest city by population in the Greater Cleveland metropolitan area and ranked 20th in Ohio. It was founded as a village in 1903 and a city in 1921, the area that is now Cleveland Heights was settled later than most of Cuyahoga County. The first road through what is today the city, Mayfield Road, was not built until 1828, besides farms the area also had quarries in the 19th century. One of the quarries was established by Duncan McFarland and mined bluestone. This led to the settlement that grew up around the quarry for the workers to live in to be referred to as Bluestone, there is still a road of this name in that area. John D. Rockefeller arrived in what is today Cleveland Heights in 1873 and he had a large estate of 700 acres and in 1938 the family donated the land of what is now Forest Hill Park that straddles the boundaries of Cleveland Heights and East Cleveland. There had been quarries within what is today Forest Hill Park previous to Rockefeller donating it to the city, Rockefeller was not the only affluent Clevelander to come to what is now Cleveland Heights. The Euclid Heights development was created by Patrick Calhoun starting in 1892 and it was centered around the Euclid Golf Course and began at the Cleveland city line, covering the area between Mayfield Road and Cedar Road as far east as Coventry Road. There was a line from this location running to the center of Clevelands business district. In 1898 Marcus M. Brown began the development of Mayfield Heights along the side of Mayfield Road just beyond the Cleveland boundary. Brown had purchased land from Emil Preyer and his sister Mary Preyer Hellwig. Emil had operated a cedar mill, by the end of 1899 the streetcar reached out along Mayfield Road to the old village of Fairmount. In 1903 the village of Cleveland Heights was incorporated, in 1910 Cleveland Heights had a population about 5,000 people. It had a population of 15,396 in 1920 and was incorporated as a city on 9 August 1921, by 1960 it had a population of 61,813. Cleveland Heights is located at 41°30′35″N 81°33′48″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.13 square miles, of which 8.11 square miles is land and 0.02 square miles is water. Cleveland Heights is mostly within the Dugway Brook Watershed, in 1987, the city of Cleveland Heights was declared a nuclear free zone. As of the census of 2010, there were 46,121 people,19,957 households, the population density was 5,686.9 inhabitants per square mile
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Nonprofit organization
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A nonprofit organization is an organization whose purpose is something other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. This is known as the non-distribution constraint, the decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on. The terms nonprofit and not-for-profit are not consistently differentiated across jurisdictions, in laymans terms they are usually equivalent in concept, although in various jurisdictions there are accounting and legal differences. The nonprofit landscape is varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do make up an often high-profile or visible aspect of the sector, overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. e. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving its members. Many NPOs use the model of a bottom line in that furthering their cause is more important than making a profit. Although NPOs are permitted to generate revenues, they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion. NPOs have controlling members or a board of directors, many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and executives who work with or without compensation. In some countries, where there is a fee, in general. The extent to which an NPO can generate surplus revenues may be constrained or use of surplus revenues may be restricted. Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization, they may be organized as a corporation or as a trust. Their goal is not to be successful in terms of wealth, NPOs have a wide diversity of structures and purposes. Some of the above must be expressed in the charter of establishment or constitution. Others may be provided by the authority at each particular jurisdiction. While affiliations will not affect a legal status, they may be taken into consideration by legal proceedings as an indication of purpose, most countries have laws that regulate the establishment and management of NPOs and that require compliance with corporate governance regimes
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Chamber of commerce
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A chamber of commerce is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of the business community, local businesses are members, and they elect a board of directors or executive council to set policy for the chamber. The board or council then hires a President, CEO or Executive Director, plus staffing appropriate to size, the first chamber of commerce was founded in 1599 in Marseille, France. Another official chamber of commerce would follow 65 years later, probably in Bruges, however, Hull Chamber of Commerce is the UKs oldest, followed by those of Leeds and of Belfast in Northern Ireland. As a non-governmental institution, a chamber of commerce has no role in the writing and passage of laws. It may however, lobby in an attempt to get laws passed that are favorable to businesses, membership in an individual chamber can range from a few dozen to well over 800,000, as is the case with the Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Some chamber organizations in China report even larger membership numbers, Chambers of commerce can range in scope from individual neighborhoods within a city or town up to an international chamber of commerce. In addition, Chambers represent the interests of businesses, while the BBB represents both the interests of businesses and the general public, some Chambers are partially funded by local government, others are non-profit, and some are a combination of the two. Chambers of commerce also can include economic development corporations or groups as well as tourism, some chambers have joined state, national and even international bodies. Currently, there are about 13,000 chambers registered in the official Worldchambers Network registry, and this network is informal, with each local chamber incorporated and operating separately, rather than as a chapter of a national or state chamber. Chambers of commerce in the United States can be considered community, city, regional, state, city Chambers work on the local level to bring the business community together to develop strong local networks, which can result in a business-to-business exchange. In most cases, city Chambers work with their government, such as their mayor, their city council. There are also bilateral chambers of commerce that link the business environments of two countries, community chambers of commerce have started in the UK and later spread to in the US, becoming city chambers of commerce as the communities developed and became larger. Community chambers of commerce are smaller and most have a limits on numbers of members, city chambers of commerce have a long history in the US. The Charleston Chamber of Commerce is one of the oldest, dating back to colonial 1773 and that same year, Bostons Chamber of Commerce organized a seminal tax protest, The Boston Tea Party. In 2005 there were 2,800 chambers of commerce in the United States and 102 chambers representing U. S. businesses overseas. State chambers of commerce are much different from local and regional chambers of commerce, as work on state. State Chambers work with their Governor, state representatives, state senators, US congressional leaders, understanding the National or International need for understanding and information is the key service that these level of chambers of commerce provide
32.
Forbes
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Forbes is an American business magazine. Published bi-weekly, it features articles on finance, industry, investing. Forbes also reports on related subjects such as technology, communications, science, politics and its headquarters is located in Jersey City, New Jersey. Primary competitors in the business magazine category include Fortune and Bloomberg Businessweek. The magazine is known for its lists and rankings, including its lists of the richest Americans. Another well-known list by the magazine is The Worlds Billionaires list, the motto of Forbes magazine is The Capitalist Tool. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes, and its CEO is Mike Perlis, Forbes, a financial columnist for the Hearst papers, and his partner Walter Drey, the general manager of the Magazine of Wall Street, founded Forbes magazine on September 15,1917. Forbes provided the money and the name and Drey provided the publishing expertise, the original name of the magazine was Forbes, Devoted to Doers and Doings. Drey became vice-president of the B. C. Forbes Publishing Company, while B. C. Forbes became editor-in-chief, B. C. Forbes was assisted in his later years by his two eldest sons, Bruce Charles Forbes and Malcolm Stevenson Forbes. Bruce Forbes took over on his fathers death, and his strengths lay in streamlining operations, during his tenure, 1954–1964, the magazines circulation nearly doubled. On Malcolms death, his eldest son Malcolm Stevenson Steve Forbes Jr. became President and Chief Executive of Forbes, between 1961 and 1999 the magazine was edited by James Michaels. In 1993, under Michaels, Forbes was a finalist for the National Magazine Award. com, a 2009 New York Times report said,40 percent of the enterprise was sold. For a reported $300 million, setting the value of the enterprise at $750 million, according to Mark M. Edmiston of AdMedia Partners, Its probably not worth half of that now. The companys headquarters moved to the Newport section of downtown Jersey City. In November 2013, Forbes Media, which publishes Forbes magazine, was put up for sale and this was encouraged by Elevation Partners, of whom were minority shareholders. Sales documents prepared by Deutsche Bank revealed that the publishers 2012 EBITDA was $15 million, Forbes reportedly sought a price of $400 million. In July 2014, Forbes sold a majority of itself to Integrated Whale Media Investments, Steve Forbes and his magazines writers offer investment advice on the weekly Fox TV show Forbes on Fox and on Forbes On Radio. Other company groups include Forbes Conference Group, Forbes Investment Advisory Group, from the 2009 Times report, Steve Forbes recently returned from opening up a Forbes magazine in India, bringing the number of foreign editions to 10
33.
USA Today
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USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15,1982, it operates from Gannetts corporate headquarters on Jones Branch Drive in McLean, Virginia and it is printed at 37 sites across the United States and at five additional sites internationally. USA Today is distributed in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, with an international edition distributed in Canada, Asia and the Pacific Islands, Gannett formally announced the launch of the paper on April 20,1982. USA Today began publishing on September 15,1982, initially launching in the Baltimore and Washington, on July 2,1984, the newspaper switched from a largely black-and-white to a color publication, featuring full color photography and graphics in all four sections. On April 8,1985, the paper published its first special bonus section, a 12-page section called Baseball 85, on May 6,1986, USA Today began printing production of its international edition in Switzerland. On April 15, USA Today launched an international printing site. On August 28,1995, an international publishing site was launched in Frankfurt, Germany, to print. On October 4,1999, USA Today began running advertisements on its front page for the first time. The paper launched a sixth printing site for its international edition on May 15,2000, in Milan, Italy, followed on July 10 by the launch of a printing facility in Charleroi. That November, USA Today migrated its operations from Gannetts previous corporate headquarters in Arlington, in 2010, USA Today launched the USA Today API for sharing data with partners of all types. On August 27,2010, USA Today announced that it would undergo a reorganization of its newsroom and it also announced that the paper would shift its focus away from print and place more emphasis on its digital platforms and launch of a new publication called USA Today Sports. On September 14,2012, USA Today underwent the first major redesign in its history, to accomplish this goal, Gannett migrated its newspaper and television station websites to the Presto platform and the USA Today site design throughout 2013 and 2014. On January 4,2014, USA Today acquired the book and film review website, on September 3,2014, USA Today announced that it would lay off roughly 70 employees in a restructuring of its newsroom and business operations. In October 2014, USA Today and OpenWager Inc. entered into a partnership to release a Bingo app called USA TODAY Bingo Cruise, USA Today is known for synthesizing news down to easy-to-read-and-comprehend stories. In the main edition circulated in the United States and some Canadian cities, each consists of four sections, News, Money, Sports. The international edition of the paper features two sections, News and Money in one, with Sports and Life in the other, atypical of most daily newspapers, the paper does not print on Saturdays and Sundays, the Friday edition serves as the weekend edition. USA Today prints each complete story on the front page of the section with the exception of the cover story. The cover story is a story that requires a jump
34.
Mario Batali
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Mario Francesco Batali is an American chef, writer, restaurateur, and media personality. In addition to his culinary training, he is an expert on the history and culture of Italian cuisine. Batali co-owns restaurants in New York City, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Boston, Singapore, Hong Kong, Westport, Connecticut and New Haven, batalis signature clothing style includes a fleece vest, shorts and orange Crocs. He is also known as Molto Mario, Mario was raised in Seattle, Washington, by Marilyn Batali and Armandino Batali, who worked for Boeing most of Mario’s childhood. He spent his school years studying in Madrid, Spain, before attending Rutgers University for Spanish Theater. During his college years, he worked for a restaurant and bar near the Rutgers campus called Stuff Yer Face in New Brunswick. After graduating, he attended Le Cordon Bleu in London for a few months before taking an apprenticeship with revered Chef Marco Pierre White in London at the Six Bells pub. Over the next three years, he underwent a transformation that prepared him to leap into New York’s Italian cuisine with his own unique signature. Currently, Batali lives in Greenwich Village with his wife Susi Cahn, of Coach Dairy Goat Farm, cahns parents, Miles and Lillian Cahn, were the co-founders of Coach, Inc. He keeps a home on Grand Traverse Bay in tiny Northport. The New York buzz for his restaurants translated into the Food Network show Molto Mario which aired from 1996 to 2004 where Mario’s career took off, Mario teamed up with Joe Bastianich to form B&B Hospitality Group. Together they opened Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca in New York City which quickly gained the three stars award from the New York Times, the first Italian restaurant to do so in 40 years. Together they opened seven more restaurants in New York, Lupa, Esca, Casa Mono, Bar Jamon, Otto, Del Posto, in 2010, Del Posto received a four-star review from the New York Times. It is one of six restaurants in New York with the award. Since 2008, Del Posto has been a recipient of the Wine Spectator Grand Award, in 2015, they opened Babbo Pizzeria e Enoteca in the Seaport area of Boston. Batali is a critic of hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking and he has signed onto the cause of Chefs for the Marcellus, whose mission is to protect regional foodshed from the dangers of hydraulic fracturing for natural gas. In May 2013, Batali co-wrote an opinion article with chef Bill Telepan for the New York Daily News, could do serious damage to agricultural industry and hurt businesses, like ours, that rely on safe, healthy, locally sourced foods. Batali is on the board of directors for The Lunchbox Fund and he supports the practice of Transcendental Meditation through the David Lynch Foundation
35.
Cassata
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Cassata or Cassata siciliana is a traditional sweet from all areas of Sicily, Italy, born in Palermo. Cassata consists of sponge cake moistened with fruit juices or liqueur and layered with ricotta cheese. It is covered with a shell of marzipan, pink and green pastel colored icing, the cassata is topped with candied fruit depicting cherries and slices of citrus fruit characteristic of Sicily. Cassata may also refer to a Neapolitan ice cream containing candied or dried fruit, Cassata he finds, is the subject of an invented tradition based on the claim that its roots lie in the Muslim Middle Ages. Many other local food traditions purport to be as old, however, its Arab origins are generally supported. The Arabic name al-Qassāṭỉ is first mentioned in Corleone in 1178, the Arabic word qasah, from which cassata is generally believed to derive, refers to the bowl that is used to shape the cake. Unlike the round, traditional shape some cassata are made in the form of a rectangle, square and it may be noted that the word box in Italian is cassa, although it is unlikely that the word cassata originated from this term. Cassata Catanese, as it is prepared in the Sicilian province of Catania, is made similar to a pie, containing a top and bottom crust, filled with ricotta. It is typically made in Catania for the festival of Saint Agatha, the allusion to the female breast relates the specific torture Saint Agatha faced as a Catholic martyr. When a cassata is made, layers of gelato can be substituted for the layers of cheese, the version of the recipe followed in Messina is less sweet than the one used in Palermo. Cassata can also refer to a flavor of ice-cream inspired by the sweet and this Cleveland version of the cassata first appeared in the early 1920s at LaPuma Spumoni & Bakery in Cleveland. The children of the owners did not like traditional cassata cake, made with sweetened ricotta, chocolate chips, using what they had in the bakery, Tomasso LaPuma created what was to become known as the Cleveland cassata cake. The fifth generation of this bakery, now located in the eastern suburb of Chesterland, still continues to make the original version of this cake. In Portland, Oregon cassata has come to mean a cake soaked with coffee liqueurs and espresso and this version is made using Kahlua and espresso, with sweet ricotta and bittersweet chocolate shavings. In India, cassata refers to an ice cream, similar to Neapolitan ice cream, with three flavors, usually pistachio, vanilla, and strawberry, on a base of sponge cake
36.
Askmen.com
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AskMen is a free online men’s web portal, with international versions in Australia, Canada, the Middle East, the United Kingdom and the United States. It is owned by Ziff Davis and operates through the IGN Entertainment unit, AskMen was founded in August 1999, created by Ricardo Poupada, Christopher Bellerose Rovny and Luís Rodrigues, all three graduates of Concordia Universitys John Molson School of Business in Montreal. The company secured $500,000 in venture capital in 2000 while its competitor, TheMan. com. In November 2000, TheMan. com shut down operations, providing an opportunity for AskMen to become the largest mens lifestyle website online, by 2001, AskMen surpassed the other websites in its category to become the largest mens lifestyle website. In 2005, AskMen was acquired by IGN, in 2010 the site ranked #819 for world-wide traffic on Alexa. In December 2009, the site had an estimated 12 million unique visitors, according to Hitwise, AskMen was ranked No.1 in the Lifestyle – Men’s Sites category, as it has over 40,000 articles available for free online. AskMen launched a series published by HarperCollins in May 2007
37.
Allen Memorial Medical Library
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Allen Memorial Medical Library is located along Euclid Avenue on the campus of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. The library was designed in a revival style by the Cleveland firm of Walker and Weeks. In addition to housing a portion of the Cleveland Health Sciences Library and it was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 1982-11-30, and is also a Cleveland Landmark
38.
Michelson-Morley Memorial Fountain
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It was designed by William Behnke and built in 1973 in commemoration of the world-famous Michelson–Morley experiment. The sculpture is a steel cylinder with the top cut at a 45 degree angle. Cylinder is formed of 12 curved plates, the open top is cut at a 45 degree angle and the inside of the opening is painted black. The cylinder is supported above the level of the small pool located underneath. The base housing the pool slopes from a 15 ft circle into a 25 ft circle made from brickwork/paving stones, the overall setting is a paving stone surfaced plaza with benches and a circle of locust trees set 15 ft away, surrounding the fountain. The undulating water symbolizes ether waves, the steel cylinder represents the beam of light. The Michelson–Morley experiment was conducted in 1887 by physicist Albert A. Michelson of Case School of Applied Science and this experiment proved the non-existence of the luminiferous ether and was later cited as circumstantial evidence in support of special relativity as proposed by Albert Einstein in 1905. Michelson became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in science
39.
Maltz Performing Arts Center
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The Temple built in 1924 is a historic synagogue building located on University Circle at Silver Park in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1963, a synagogue, Tifereth-Israel, was established in suburban Beachwood. Under the agreement, the Jewish community will continue to use the facility for special events. The Temple at University Circle is one of three locations for the Temple Museum of Religious Art, operated by Temple-Tifereth Israel. Other locations include the Temple-Tifereth Israel Gallery at the Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, the museum was founded in 1950 by Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver as part of the 100th anniversary celebration for The Temple-Tifereth Israel. On August 30,1974, The Temple was added to the National Register of Historic Places, the Temple was designed by architect Charles R. Greco. The Temple possesses three notable stained glass windows by Arthur Szyk and they depict Gideon, Samson and Judah Maccabee. Cleveland Jewish History, History of The Temple Temple Museum of Religious Art CSU Center for Sacred Landmarks, The Temple Temple-Tifereth Israel - current congregation site
40.
Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital
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Rainbow Babies & Childrens Hospital is a childrens hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. It is a part of University Hospitals Case Medical Center, formerly University Hospitals of Cleveland, in 2015-16, Rainbow ranked third in the country for neonatal care in the U. S. News & World Report rankings of pediatric hospitals. The hospital was founded in 1906 and it has 244-beds, and is served by approximately 1,300 board certified pediatric specialists. It is the teaching hospital for students enrolled in Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine. It treats children with cancer, heart disease, cystic fibrosis and pulmonary specialties, sickle cell disease, kidney disease, immunology and endocrine and its neonatologists specialize in the treatment of high-risk and premature newborns. It also offers services for professionals, including residency and fellowship programs, continuing medical education, a nursing program. Rainbows neonatal intensive care unit cares for more than 1,300 premature and it serves a 12-county area in Northeast Ohio with a pediatric population of nearly one million. The National Institutes of Health have designated it as a level III Neonatal Research Center – the highest available designation, the NICU is one of 21 units in the country deemed a National Research Center by the NIH. Its team of 22 NICU doctors and six neonatology fellows have authored medical textbooks and directed studies in research and clinical care of high-risk and it admits approximately 1,000 newborns annually, and also serves as the ECMO referral center for Northeast Ohio. In 2009 the NICU completed a renovation and expansion, the 38-bed NICU now connects to a 44-bed neonatal transitional unit on the same floor, several feet away from the delivery rooms at MacDonald Womens Hospital. Rainbows pediatric intensive care unit is a 23-bed combined medical-surgical unit which cares for more than 1500 critically ill children each year, an attending intensivist from the Division of Pediatric Critical Care coordinates care, in cooperation with childrens primary pediatricians and medical and surgical subspecialists
41.
Western Reserve Historical Society
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The Western Reserve Historical Society was founded in 1867, making it the oldest cultural institution in Northeast Ohio. WRHS is located in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, and is focused on the history of the Western Reserve, WRHS celebrates its 150th anniversary in 2017. Located in University Circle, an arts and culture district of Cleveland, the mission of the Western Reserve Historical Society is to inspire people to discover the American experience by exploring the tangible history of Northeast Ohio. This is accomplished by collecting, preserving and presenting the history of all the people of the Western Reserve, WRHS is a private, membership-based society that also receives funding through investments, grants, and gifts. The Western Reserve & Northern Ohio Historical Society formed in 1867 and its first president was Charles Whittlesey, a geologist and historian. Originally, the society was located on the floor of the Society for Savings Bank in downtown Cleveland. The institution first opened to the public in 1871 and purchased the bank building in 1892 due to the increasing size of the collections. From 1898 until 1938 the society resided at E. 107th St. WRHS moved to its present location in the late 1930s. Founded in May 1867, the Western Reserve Historical Society is Cleveland’s oldest existing cultural institution and it was established as the historical branch of the Cleveland Library Association which dated from 1848. Between 1867 and 1898, the Society was located in downtown Cleveland in a building stood on what is now the site of the KeyBank headquarters. It remained there until 1938 when it began a move to its current location on East Boulevard with its acquisition of the Hay-McKinney mansion to house its museum. The physical and geographic expansion of the Society’s facilities was complemented by increased professionalism of its curatorial operations, beginning in the late 1960s the Society began aggressive programs to acquire and preserve documents and artifacts that represented the histories of Northeast Ohio’s diverse populations. By the early 1980s, the Western Reserve Historical Society had become one of the largest private historical societies in the United States, in 1986, its library contained approximately 250,000 books and six million manuscript items. The Societys headquarters in University Circle, styled the History Center, houses several facilities, The Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum houses over 150 vintage, the Euclid Beach Park Grand Carousel, fully restored 45 years after the park closed, opened November 23,2014. The History Museum also has changing exhibits that showcase local history, the History Museum also includes, The Hay-McKinney Mansion, a 1911 home with luxurious turn-of-the-century parlors and living areas designed by Abram Garfield, the son of James A. Garfield. The Chisholm Halle Costume Wing, houses over 30,000 garments from the late 18th century to the present, the Library and Archives feature over 20 million archives and manuscripts for genealogical research or any aspect of Northeast Ohio history. The institutions significant collections includes the Worlds largest and most comprehensive collection of Shaker Materials, other substantial collections include the Civil War and the automotive industry. Her will directed WRHS to “establish The Hale Farm as a museum, open to the public to the end that the greatest number of persons may be informed as to the history and culture of the Western Reserve. ”In 1973, The Hale Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Jonathan Hale Homestead
42.
Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum
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The Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum is a collection in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. Part of the Western Reserve Historical Society and housed at the Cleveland History Center, it was founded by industrialist Frederick C. Crawford of TRW, the collection began as the Thompson Products Auto Album, which was also founded by Crawford. As of 2011, the museum has 37 cars that are more than 100 years old, the largest such collection in the world. Crawford explained that when he started collecting the cars, it was simply because it seemed a shame to let them be scrapped and he saw value in saving a few historically significant examples. List of aerospace museums List of automobile museums List of museums in Ohio Official Website
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