1.
University of California
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The University of California is a public university system in the U. S. state of California. The University of California was founded in 1868 and operated temporarily in Oakland until opening its first campus in Berkeley in 1873 and its tenth and newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005. Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students, one campus, UC San Francisco, enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences. In addition, the UC Hastings College of Law, located in San Francisco, is affiliated with UC. The University of Californias campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline, as of 2016, UC faculty and researchers have won 62 Nobel Prizes. UC campuses are perennially ranked highly by various publications, internationally, UC Berkeley, UCLA, and UC San Diego are respectively ranked 3rd, 12th, and 14th worldwide by Academic Ranking of World Universities. In 1849, the state of California ratified its first constitution, taking advantage of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts, the California Legislature established an Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College in 1866. However, it existed only on paper, as a placeholder to secure federal land-grant funds, meanwhile, Congregational minister Henry Durant, an alumnus of Yale, had established the private Contra Costa Academy, on June 20,1853, in Oakland, California. The initial site was bounded by Twelfth and Fourteenth Streets and Harrison, the Colleges trustees, educators, and supporters believed in the importance of a liberal arts education, but ran into a lack of interest in liberal arts colleges on the American frontier. In November 1857, the Colleges trustees began to acquire parcels of land facing the Golden Gate in what is now Berkeley for a future planned campus outside of Oakland. But first, they needed to secure the Colleges water rights by buying a farm to the east. In 1864, they organized the College Homestead Association, which borrowed $35,000 to purchase the land, the Association subdivided the latter parcel and started selling lots with the hope it could raise enough money to repay its lenders and also create a new college town. But sales of new homesteads fell short, at the College of Californias 1867 commencement exercises, where Low was present, Benjamin Silliman, Jr. criticized Californians for creating a state polytechnic school instead of a real university. That same day, Low reportedly first suggested a merger of the already-functional College of California with the state college. The University of Californias second president, Daniel Coit Gilman, opened its new campus in Berkeley in September 1873, earlier that year, Toland Medical College in San Francisco had agreed to become the Universitys Medical Department, it later evolved into UCSF. In 1878, the University established Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco as its first law school, the California Constitution was amended to designate Hastings as the Law Department of the University of California in consideration of a $100,000 gift from Serranus Clinton Hastings. Hastings is the only UC campus not governed by the Regents of the University of California, in August 1882, the California State Normal School opened a second school in Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California. In 1927, it became the University of California at Los Angeles, during the 20th century, UC acquired additional satellite locations which, like Los Angeles, were all subordinate to administrators at the Berkeley campus
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Oakland, California
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Oakland /ˈoʊklənd/ is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States. The city was incorporated in 1852, Oaklands territory covers what was once a mosaic of California coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Its land served as a resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Francisco citizens moved to Oakland, enlarging the citys population, increasing its housing stock and it continued to grow in the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile manufacturing industry. Oakland is known for its sustainability practices, including a top-ranking for usage of electricity from renewable resources, in addition, due to a steady influx of immigrants during the 20th century, along with thousands of African-American war-industry workers who relocated from the Deep South during the 1940s. Oakland is the most ethnically diverse city in the country. The earliest known inhabitants were the Huchiun Indians, who lived there for thousands of years, the Huchiun belonged to a linguistic grouping later called the Ohlone. In Oakland, they were concentrated around Lake Merritt and Temescal Creek, in 1772, the area that later became Oakland was claimed, with the rest of California, by Spanish settlers for the King of Spain. In the early 19th century, the Spanish crown granted the East Bay area to Luis María Peralta for his Rancho San Antonio, the grant was confirmed by the successor Mexican republic upon its independence from Spain. Upon his death in 1842, Peralta divided his land among his four sons, Most of Oakland fell within the shares given to Antonio Maria and Vicente. The portion of the parcel that is now Oakland was called encinal—Spanish for oak grove—due to the oak forest that covered the area. In 1851, three men—Horace Carpentier, Edson Adams, and Andrew Moon—began developing what is now downtown Oakland, on May 4,1852, the Town of Oakland incorporated. Two years later, on March 25,1854, Oakland re-incorporated as the City of Oakland, with Horace Carpentier elected the first mayor, the city and its environs quickly grew with the railroads, becoming a major rail terminal in the late 1860s and 1870s. In 1868, the Central Pacific constructed the Oakland Long Wharf at Oakland Point, a number of horsecar and cable car lines were constructed in Oakland during the latter half of the 19th century. The first electric streetcar set out from Oakland to Berkeley in 1891, at the time of incorporation, Oakland consisted of the territory that lay south of todays major intersection of San Pablo Avenue, Broadway, and Fourteenth Street. The city gradually annexed farmlands and settlements to the east and the north, Oaklands rise to industrial prominence, and its subsequent need for a seaport, led to the digging of a shipping and tidal channel in 1902. This resulted in the town of Alameda being made an island
4.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
5.
Ingram Content Group
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Perseus Books Group was an American publishing company founded in 1996 by investor Frank Pearl. It was named Publisher of the Year in 2007 by Publishers Weekly magazine for its role in taking on publishers formerly distributed by Publishers Group West, in April 2016, its publishing business was acquired by Hachette Book Group and its distribution business by Ingram Content Group. After the death of Frank Pearl, Perseus was sold to Centre Lane Partners, the Perseus Books Group currently has 12 imprints, Before Avalon Publishing Group was integrated into the Perseus Books Group, it published on 14 imprint presses. In 2007, some of these imprints were integrated into the Perseus Books Group, Perseus also sold one of their imprints in the restructuring process. Publishers Group West, founded in 1976, based in Berkeley, consortium Book Sales and Distribution, founded in 1985, based in St. Paul, Minnesota. Perseus Distribution, founded in 1999, based in New York City, legato Publishers Group, founded in 2013, based in Chicago
6.
John Wiley & Sons
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Founded in 1807, Wiley is also known for publishing For Dummies. As of 2015, the company had 4,900 employees, Wiley was established in 1807 when Charles Wiley opened a print shop in Manhattan. Wiley later shifted its focus to scientific, technical, and engineering subject areas, Charles Wileys son John took over the business when his father died in 1826. The firm was successively named Wiley, Lane & Co. then Wiley & Putnam, the company acquired its present name in 1876, when Johns second son William H. Wiley joined his brother Charles in the business. Through the 20th century, the company expanded its activities, the sciences. Since the establishment of the Nobel Prize in 1901, Wiley and its companies have published the works of more than 450 Nobel Laureates. Wiley in December 2010 opened an office in Dubai, to build on its business in the Middle East more effectively, the company has had an office in Beijing, China, since 2001, and China is now its sixth-largest market for STEM content. Wiley established publishing operations in India in 2006, and has established a presence in North Africa through sales contracts with academic institutions in Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. On April 16,2012, the announced the establishment of Wiley Brasil Editora LTDA in São Paulo, Brazil. Wileys scientific, technical, and medical business was expanded by the acquisition of Blackwell Publishing in February 2007. Through a backfile initiative completed in 2007,8.2 million pages of content have been made available online. Other major journals published include Angewandte Chemie, Advanced Materials, Hepatology, International Finance, launched commercially in 1999, Wiley InterScience provided online access to Wiley journals, major reference works, and books, including backfile content. Journals previously from Blackwell Publishing were available online from Blackwell Synergy until they were integrated into Wiley InterScience on June 30,2008, in December 2007, Wiley also began distributing its technical titles through the Safari Books Online e-reference service. On February 17,2012, Wiley announced the acquisition of Inscape Holdings Inc. which provides DISC assessments and training for interpersonal business skills. On August 13,2012, Wiley announced it entered into an agreement to sell all of its travel assets, including all of its interests in the Frommers brand. On October 2,2012, Wiley announced it would acquire Deltak edu, LLC, Deltak is expected to contribute solid growth to both Wileys Global Education business and Wiley overall. Seventh-generation members Jesse and Nate Wiley work in the companys Professional/Trade and Scientific, Technical, Medical, and Scholarly businesses, respectively. Wiley has been owned since 1962, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange since 1995, its stock is traded under the symbols NYSE, JW. A and NYSE
7.
Book
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A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other materials, fastened together to hinge at one side, with text and/or images printed in ink. A single sheet within a book is a leaf, and each side of a leaf is a page, a set of text-filled or illustrated pages produced in electronic format for reading on a computer screen, smartphone or e-reader device is known as an electronic book, or e-book. The term books may refer the body of works of literature. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals, in novels and sometimes other types of books, a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books. An avid reader or collector of books or a lover is a bibliophile or colloquially. A shop where books are bought and sold is a bookshop or bookstore, Books are also sold in some department stores, drugstores and newspaper vendors. Books can also be borrowed from libraries, google has estimated that as of 2010, approximately 130,000,000 distinct titles had been published. In some wealthier nations, printed books are giving way to the usage of electronic or e-books, the word book comes from Old English bōc, which in turn comes from the Germanic root *bōk-, cognate to beech. Similarly, in Slavic languages буква is cognate with beech, in Russian and in Serbian and Macedonian, the word букварь or буквар refers specifically to a primary school textbook that helps young children master the techniques of reading and writing. It is thus conjectured that the earliest Indo-European writings may have been carved on beech wood, similarly, the Latin word codex, meaning a book in the modern sense, originally meant block of wood. When writing systems were created in ancient civilizations, a variety of objects, such as stone, clay, tree bark, metal sheets, the study of such inscriptions forms a major part of history. The study of inscriptions is known as epigraphy, the Ancient Egyptians would often write on papyrus, a plant grown along the Nile River. At first the words were not separated from other and there was no punctuation. Texts were written right to left, left to right. The technical term for that last type of writing is boustrophedon, a tablet might be defined as a physically robust writing medium, suitable for casual transport and writing. See also stylus, the instrument used to write on a tablet, clay tablets were flattened and mostly dry pieces of clay that could be easily carried, and impressed with a stylus. They were used as a medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age. Tablets were used by traders to record sales of such as bushels of grain
8.
Academic journal
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An academic or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny and they are usually peer-reviewed or refereed. Content typically takes the form of articles presenting original research, review articles, the term academic journal applies to scholarly publications in all fields, this article discusses the aspects common to all academic field journals. Upon receipt of an article, editors at the journal determine whether to reject the submission outright or begin the process of peer review. In the latter case, the submission becomes subject to review by scholars of the editors choosing who typically remain anonymous. Though these reports are confidential, some journals and publishers also practice public peer review. The editors either choose to reject the article, ask for a revision and resubmission, even accepted articles are often subjected to further editing by journal editorial staff before they appear in print. The peer review can take several weeks to several months. Review articles, also called reviews of progress, are checks on the published in journals. Some journals are devoted entirely to review articles, some contain a few in each issue, such reviews often cover the research from the preceding year, some for longer or shorter terms, some are devoted to specific topics, some to general surveys. Some journals are enumerative, listing all significant articles in a subject, others are selective. Yet others are evaluative, judging the state of progress in the subject field, some journals are published in series, each covering a complete subject field year, or covering specific fields through several years. Unlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions and they are typically relied upon by students beginning a study in a given field, or for current awareness of those already in the field. Reviews of scholarly books are checks upon the books published by scholars, unlike articles. Journals typically have a book review editor determining which new books to review. If an outside scholar accepts the book review editors request for a book review, publishers send books to book review editors in the hope that their books will be reviewed. The length and depth of research book reviews varies much from journal to journal, as does the extent of textbook, an academic journals prestige is established over time, and can reflect many factors, some but not all of which are expressible quantitatively. In each academic discipline there are dominant journals that receive the largest number of submissions, yet, not only the largest journals are of excellent quality
9.
Publishing
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Publishing is the dissemination of literature, music, or information—the activity of making information available to the general public. In some cases, authors may be their own publishers, meaning originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver, also, the word publisher can refer to the individual who leads a publishing company or an imprint or to a person who owns/heads a magazine. Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as books, Publishing includes the following stages of development, acquisition, copy editing, production, printing, and marketing and distribution. There are two categories of book publisher, Non-paid publishers, A non-paid publisher is a house that does not charge authors at all to publish their books. Paid publishers, The author has to meet with the expense to get the book published. This is also known as vanity publishing, at a small press, it is possible to survive by relying entirely on commissioned material. But as activity increases, the need for works may outstrip the publishers established circle of writers, for works written independently of the publisher, writers often first submit a query letter or proposal directly to a literary agent or to a publisher. Submissions sent directly to a publisher are referred to as unsolicited submissions, the acquisitions editors send their choices to the editorial staff. Unsolicited submissions have a low rate of acceptance, with some sources estimating that publishers ultimately choose about three out of every ten thousand unsolicited manuscripts they receive. Many book publishers around the world maintain a strict no unsolicited submissions policy and this policy shifts the burden of assessing and developing writers out of the publisher and onto the literary agents. At these publishers, unsolicited manuscripts are thrown out, or sometimes returned, established authors may be represented by a literary agent to market their work to publishers and negotiate contracts. Literary agents take a percentage of earnings to pay for their services. Some writers follow a route to publication. Such books often employ the services of a ghostwriter, for a submission to reach publication, it must be championed by an editor or publisher who must work to convince other staff of the need to publish a particular title. An editor who discovers or champions a book that becomes a best-seller may find their reputation enhanced as a result of their success. Once a work is accepted, commissioning editors negotiate the purchase of property rights. The authors of traditional printed materials typically sell exclusive territorial intellectual property rights that match the list of countries in which distribution is proposed. In the case of books, the publisher and writer must also agree on the formats of publication —mass-market paperback
10.
University of California Old Style
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University of California Old Style is a serif font designed by Frederic Goudy and created for the University of California Press from 1936-8. It is one of Goudys most popular serif fonts, University of California is an old-style serif font, one inspired by the styles of printing popular before the late eighteenth century. Intended for fine printing, the design has a delicate grace. Serifs are fine slabs with minimal bracketing, Goudy provided a set of swash capitals as alternates for the italic. Like many of Goudys other families, it has been rereleased and made available after his death. While no longer the corporate font of the University of California Press, Goudy used the font to set his book Typologia which was printed by the University of California Press in the new font, and he describes his inspiration for it in the chapter The Story of a Type. As an italic is to emphasise a word…or sometimes merely to give a lighter touch, however, tastes were changing away from his work even at the time he was commissioned by the University Press. Of his more than a hundred fonts designed it would be his last-but two creation of a roman and italic. Walter Tracy in his book Letters of Credit was unimpressed with the design, commenting the design is not particularly notable, for a name, Goudy preferred Berkeley after the presss location, which, he thought more aristocratic than the alternative proposal of Californian. However, the Samuel Farquhar, the University Presss manager, requested a change in order to avoid associating its name with just one of the university systems campuses. Both the proposed alternatives would later be used by rereleases, both these versions have been digitised. In digital versions ITC released Berkeley Old Style under its pre-existing name, digital versions were also issued as Californian by Font Bureau (included with some versions of Microsoft Office and by LTC and by Richard Beatty under the name of University Old Style. Most of these added a bold type, which Goudy did not design himself. Font Bureau added a more delicate optical size for display use, although no longer the corporate font of the University of California Press or System, Goudys font remains popular in academic use. As of 2016, it remains the corporate font of UC Davis, University of San Diego and Iowa State University, it is also used on the UC Berkeley word mark
11.
Frederic Goudy
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Frederic W. Goudy was an American printer, artist and type designer whose typefaces include Copperplate Gothic, Goudy Old Style and Kennerley. Goudy was not always a type designer, at 40, this short, plump, pinkish, and puckish gentleman kept books for a Chicago Realtor, and considered himself a failure. Asked how to say his name, he told The Literary Digest When I was a boy my father spelled our name Gowdy which didnt offer any reason for verbal gymnastics. Later learning that the old Scots spelling was Goudy, he changed to form, while I, for some years. I retain the pronunciation with ou as in out. After teaching lettering and becoming known as a designer in Chicago. In 1895 he founded his printing shop, Booklet Press, Goudy designed his first typeface, Camelot, in 1896. In 1903, Goudy and Will Ransom founded the Village Press in Park Ridge, the typeface used for the Village Press, dubbed “Village” was originally created in 1903 for the Chicago clothing manufacturer, Kuppenheimer & Company. This venture was modeled on the Arts and Crafts movement ideals of William Morris and it was moved to Boston, and then New York. In 1908, he created his first significant typeface for the Lanston Monotype Machine Company, E-38, however, in that same year the Village Press burned to the ground, destroying all of his equipment and designs. In 1911, Goudy produced his first hit, Kennerley Old Style and this success was followed by Goudy’s release of the titling letter Forum. Both Kennerley and Forum were cut for private use, ATF commissioned Goudy to create a typeface. Goudy agreed “on the condition that his drawings would not be subjected to interference by the founder’s drawing room”. This commission would become Goudy Old Style, Goudy Old Style was released in 1915 and became an instant success. It was well suited for newspaper’s advertising sections because of its efficient use of space, ATF continued to expand the Goudy ‘family’ to Goudy Title in 1917, Goudy Bold in 1920, Goudy Catalogue in 1921, Goudy Handtooled in 1922 and Goudy Extrabold in 1927. Goudy types were very lucrative for ATF, but Goudy did not receive anything because he had sold his original design for $1,500 instead of entering into a royalty agreement. ATF’s refusal to give Goudy compensation for the success of the Goudy family lead to the deterioration of Goudy’s relationship with ATF, the only other typefaces Goudy designed for ATF was Goudytype, and series of initial letters, named Cloister Initials. From 1920 to 1947, Goudy was art director for Lanston Monotype, although he continued to design for Monotype throughout this period, Goudy withdrew to his workshop in Marlborough, New York, which he dubbed the Village Letter Foundery
12.
Kenneth Burke
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Kenneth Duva Burke was an American literary theorist who had a powerful impact on 20th-century philosophy, aesthetics, criticism, and rhetorical theory. As a literary theorist, Burke was best known for his analyses based on the nature of knowledge, furthermore, he was one of the first individuals to stray away from more traditional rhetoric and view literature as symbolic action. His work continues to be discussed by rhetoricians and philosophers and he was born on May 5 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Peabody High School, where his friend Malcolm Cowley was also a student. While he attended Ohio University to pursue courses in French, German, Greek, during his time there, he was a member of the Boars Head Society. Due to the learning environment, however, Burke also left Columbia. In Greenwich Village he kept company with avant-garde writers such as Hart Crane, Malcolm Cowley, Gorham Munson, raised Roman Catholic, Burke later became an avowed agnostic. In 1919, he married Lily Mary Batterham, with whom he had three daughters, the late feminist, Marxist anthropologist Eleanor Leacock, musician Elspeth Chapin Hart and he would later marry her sister Elizabeth Batterham in 1933 and have two sons, Michael and Anthony. Burke served as the editor of the modernist literary magazine The Dial in 1923, Kenneth himself was an avid player of the piano. He received the Dial Award in 1928 for distinguished service to American literature and he was the music critic of The Nation from 1934–1936, and was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1935. His work on criticism was a force for placing him back into the university spotlight. As a result, he was able to teach and lecture at colleges, including Bennington College. Many of Kenneth Burkes personal papers and correspondence are housed at Pennsylvania State Universitys Special Collections Library and he died of heart failure at his home in Andover, New Jersey. Burke, like many twentieth century theorists and critics, was influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud. He was an interpreter of Shakespeare and was also significantly influenced by Thorstein Veblen. It is now considered to be more faithful and explicit than H. T. Burkes political engagement is evident—A Grammar of Motives takes as its epigraph, American literary critic Harold Bloom singled out Burkes Counterstatement and A Rhetoric of Motives for inclusion in his Western Canon. Beyond his contemporary influences, Burke took Aristotles teachings into account while developing his theories on rhetoric, a significant source of his ideas is Aristotles Rhetoric. Drawing from this work, Burke oriented his writing about language specifically to its social context, Burke draws a line between a Platonic and a more contemporary view of rhetoric, described as “old rhetoric” and “new rhetoric” respectively
13.
The Teachings of Don Juan
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The Teachings of Don Juan, A Yaqui Way of Knowledge was published by the University of California Press in 1968 as a work of anthropology, though many critics contend that it is a work of fiction. It was written by Carlos Castaneda and submitted as his Master’s thesis in the school of Anthropology and it purports to document the events that took place during an apprenticeship with a self-proclaimed Yaqui Indian Sorcerer, don Juan Matus from Sonora, Mexico between 1960 and 1965. The book is divided two sections. The first section, The Teachings, is a first person narrative that documents Castanedas initial interactions with don Juan and he speaks of his encounters with Mescalito, divination with lizards and flying using the yerba del diablo, and turning into a blackbird using humito. The second, A Structural Analysis, is an attempt, Castaneda says, at disclos the internal cohesion, the 30th anniversary edition, published by the University of California Press in 1998, contains commentary by Castaneda not present in the original edition. In addition, it contains a foreword by anthropologist Walter Goldschmidt, who was a professor of anthropology at UCLA during the time the books were written, a 40th anniversary edition was published by the University of California Press in 2008
14.
Carlos Castaneda
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Carlos Castaneda was an American author with a Ph. D. in anthropology. Starting with The Teachings of Don Juan in 1968, Castaneda wrote a series of books that describe his training in shamanism, the books, narrated in the first person, relate his experiences under the tutelage of a Yaqui Man of Knowledge named don Juan Matus. His 12 books have more than 28 million copies in 17 languages. He founded Cleargreen, an organization that promotes Tensegrity, which Dr. Castaneda described as the version of the “magical passes” of the shamans of ancient Mexico. Magical Passes comprise bodily movements discovered in dream states by shamans of don Juan’s lineage, Castaneda moved to the United States in the early 1950s and became a naturalized citizen on June 21,1957. Castaneda married Margaret Runyan in Mexico in 1960, according to Runyans memoirs, Castaneda is listed on the birth certificate of Runyans son C. J. Castaneda as his father even though his biological father was a different man. It is unclear whether Carlos and Margaret were divorced in 1960,1973, or not at all and he wrote these books as his research log describing his apprenticeship with a traditional Man of Knowledge identified as don Juan Matus, a Yaqui Indian from northern Mexico. Castaneda was awarded his bachelors and doctoral degrees based on the work described in these books, in 1974 his fourth book, Tales of Power, was published and chronicled the end of his apprenticeship under the tutelage of Matus. Castaneda continued to be popular with the public with subsequent publications that unfolded further aspects of his training with don Juan. Castaneda wrote that don Juan recognized him as the new nagual, Castaneda often referred to this unknown realm as nonordinary reality. While Castaneda was a cultural figure, he rarely appeared in public forums. He was the subject of an article in the March 5,1973 issue of Time which described him as an enigma wrapped in a mystery wrapped in a tortilla. There was controversy when it was revealed that Castaneda may have used a surrogate for his cover portrait, when confronted by correspondent Sandra Burton about discrepancies in his personal history, Castaneda responded, To ask me to verify my life by giving you my statistics. Is like using science to validate sorcery and it robs the world of its magic and makes milestones out of us all. It is a concrete setting, dense with animistic meaning. This is just as well, in view of the weirdness of the events that happen in it. Following that interview, Castaneda completely retired from public view, on 16 June 1995, Cleargreen Incorporated was created. The Cleargreen statement of purpose says in part, Cleargreen is a corporation that has a twofold purpose, First, it sponsors and organizes Tensegrity® workshops and seminars, and second, it is a publishing house
15.
The Mysterious Stranger
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The Mysterious Stranger is the novel attempted by the American author Mark Twain. He worked on it intermittently from 1897 through 1908, Twain wrote multiple versions of the story, each involves a supernatural character called Satan or No.44. As for the lengths of the three stories, The Chronicle of Young Satan has about 55,000 words, Schoolhouse Hill 15,300 words,44, the Mysterious Stranger 65,000 words. Twain wrote the St. Petersburg Fragment in September 1897 and it was set in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, a name Twain often used for Hannibal, Missouri. Twain then revised this version, removing references to St. Petersburg, Twain wrote this version between November 1897 and September 1900. Eseldorf is German for assville or donkeytown, the second substantial text Twain attempted to write is known as Schoolhouse Hill version. It is set in the US and involves the familiar characters Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer and their adventures with Satan, Twain began writing it in November 1898 and, like the St. Petersburg Fragment, set it in the fictional town of St. Petersburg. 44, the Mysterious Stranger, Being an Ancient Tale Found in a Jug and Freely Translated from the Jug, also known as the Print Shop version, returns to Austria, this time in the year 1490. 44s mysterious appearance at the door of a print shop and his use of powers to expose the futility of mankinds existence. This version also introduces an idea Twain was toying with at the end of his life involving a duality of the self, composed of the Waking Self, Twain explores these ideas through the use of Duplicates, copies of the print shop workers made by No.44. This version contains an ending, however, the text still has many flaws. Twain wrote this version between 1902 and 1908, the edition published in 1916 is composed mainly of a heavily edited Chronicle of Young Satan, with a slightly altered version of the ending from No.44 tacked on. After Paines death in 1937, Bernard DeVoto became possessor of Twains manuscripts, in 1963, scholars led by researcher John S. In addition to omitting a quarter of the text, Paines version invents the character of an astrologer who is made responsible for the villainies of Father Adolf. The book version that was published nonetheless maintains Twains criticisms of what he believed to be the hypocrisy of conventional religion, according to editor W. M. Gibson, Paines volume was a literary fraud that went undetected for more than forty years. Nevertheless, Gibson also admits that the cut, cobbled-together, partially falsified text has the power to move, in 1590, three boys, Theodor, Seppi and Nikolaus, live relatively happy simple lives in a remote Austrian village called Eseldorf. The story is narrated by Theodor, the village organists son, Other local characters include Father Peter, his niece Marget, and the astrologer. One day, a teenage boy named Satan appears in the village
16.
Mark Twain
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Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain was raised in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He served an apprenticeship with a printer and then worked as a typesetter and he later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, the short story brought international attention and was even translated into classic Greek. His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty. He filed for bankruptcy in the wake of financial setbacks. He chose to pay all his creditors in full, even though he had no legal responsibility to do so. Twain was born shortly after an appearance of Halleys Comet, and he predicted that he would go out with it as well and he was lauded as the greatest American humorist of his age, and William Faulkner called him the father of American literature. His parents met when his father moved to Missouri, and they were married in 1823, Twain was of Cornish, English, and Scots-Irish descent. Only three of his siblings survived childhood, Orion, Henry, and Pamela and his sister Margaret died when Twain was three, and his brother Benjamin died three years later. His brother Pleasant died at six months of age, slavery was legal in Missouri at the time, and it became a theme in these writings. His father was an attorney and judge, but he died of pneumonia in 1847, the next year, Twain left school after the fifth grade to become a printers apprentice. In 1851, he working as a typesetter, contributing articles and humorous sketches to the Hannibal Journal. He educated himself in libraries in the evenings, finding wider information than at a conventional school. Twain describes his boyhood in Life on the Mississippi, stating there was but one permanent ambition among his comrades. Pilot was the grandest position of all, the pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salary – from a hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty dollars a month, and no board to pay. As Twain describes it, the pilots prestige exceeded that of the captain, bixby took Twain on as a cub pilot to teach him the river between New Orleans and St. Louis for $500, payable out of Twains first wages after graduating. It was more than two years before he received his pilots license, piloting gave also him his pen name from mark twain, the leadsmans cry for a measured river depth of two fathoms, which was safe water for a steamboat
17.
The Making of a Counter Culture
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The Making of a Counter Culture, Reflections on the Technocratic Society and Its Youthful Opposition is a work of non-fiction by Theodore Roszak originally published in 1969. The term counterculture was first used by Roszak in this book, the Making of a Counter Culture captured a huge audience of Vietnam War protesters, dropouts, and rebels--and their baffled elders. He traces the intellectual underpinnings of the two groups in the writings of Herbert Marcuse and Norman O. Brown, Allen Ginsberg, book Review, The Making of a Counter Culture, The Youth Culture, and The Universities. Book Review, The Making of a Counter Culture, the American Journal of Sociology, Vol.75, No. Book Review, The Making of a Counter Culture Hi, the Making of a Counter Culture The Making of a Counter Culture
18.
Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism
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Joan of Arc, the Image of Female Heroism by Marina Warner is a book about Joan of Arc, focusing on how she has been perceived by others over the centuries and how that perception has shaped her image. Part One – the Life and Death of Jeanne la Pucelle 1, also discussed are the various prophecies in circulation at the time concerning an armed maiden who would save the Kingdom. A Divided Realm, The material and cultural basis for the emergence of a figure such as Joan of Arc. The political and personal divisions in France, and their effect on society. The King and His Crown 4, knight Part Two – The Afterlife of Joan of Arc 9. Joan of Arc, the Image of Female Heroism is widely used as a college level textbook in courses related to Joan of Arc, the book has been reviewed in Newsweek, The New York Review of Books, the Chicago Sun-Times, and the American Historical Review
19.
Marina Warner
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Dame Marina Sarah Warner, DBE, FRSL, FBA is a British novelist, short story writer, historian and mythographer. She is known for her many books relating to feminism. She has written for publications, including The London Review of Books. She has been a professor, given lectures and taught on the faculties of many universities. In 2017 she was elected president of the Royal Society of Literature and she was born in London to an English father and Italian mother. Her paternal grandfather was the English cricketer Sir Pelham Warner and she was brought up in Cairo, Brussels and in Berkshire, England, where she studied at St Marys School, Ascot. She studied French and Italian at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, while at Oxford she was the editor of Isis, a magazine for Oxford University. In 1971, she married William Shawcross, with whom she had a son and these were followed by Joan of Arc, The Image of Female Heroism and Monuments & Maidens, The Allegory of the Female Form. Warners novel The Lost Father was on the Booker Prize shortlist in 1988 and her non-fiction book From the Beast to the Blonde, On Fairy Tales and Their Tellers won a Mythopoeic Award in 1996. The companion study of the male figure, No Go the Bogeyman, On Scaring, Lulling. Warners other novels include The Leto Bundle and Indigo and her book Phantasmagoria traces the ways in which the spirit has been represented across different mediums, from waxworks to cinema. In December 2012, she presented a programme on BBC Radio Four about the Brothers Grimm, a collection of her writings about art was published Violette Editions in 2014 under the title The Symbol Gives Rise to Thought. She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1984 and she gave the 1994 Reith Lectures on Managing Monsters and was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2008 Birthday Honours for services to literature. She received a doctorate from the University of Oxford on 21 June 2006. She was a professor in the Department of Literature, Film and she took up a Chair in English and Creative Writing at Birkbeck College, University of London in September 2014. She is currently a Fellow of All Souls College Oxford and Chair of the judges of the Man Booker International Prize 2015. In March 2017, Warner was elected as the Royal Society of Literatures 19th — and first female — president, the Reith Lectures, Managing Monster 1994. The Symbol Gives Rise to Thought, Writings on Art by Marina Warner Volume 1, VioletteEditions. com, Marina Warner profile, theguardian. com, accessed 31 December 2014
20.
Benjamin Barber
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Benjamin R. Barber is an American political theorist and author perhaps best known for his 1995 bestseller, Jihad vs. McWorld and 2013s If Mayors Ruled the World. From 2007–2012, he was a Distinguished Senior Fellow at Demos, as a political theorist, Barber argues for a renewed focus on civil society and engaged citizenship as tools for building effective democracy, particularly in the post-Cold War world. His current work examines the failure of nation-states to address global problems, benjamin Barber has been a Senior Fellow at the USC Center on Public Diplomacy since 2005. Barber was an adviser to President Bill Clinton and a foreign policy adviser to Howard Deans 2004 Presidential campaign. He has advised political parties and political leaders in the U. K. Germany, Austria, Denmark, Finland and Italy on civic education and participatory institutions. Barber has met with and worked alongside civil society and government leaders in Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, China, Barber was educated at Grinnell College and Harvard University, after earning certificates at Albert Schweitzer College and the London School of Economics. Barbers father, Philip W. Barber, directed the New York City unit of the Federal Theatre Project, which produced plays including Macbeth and his mother, Doris Frankel, was a playwright and wrote for television. Barber himself has also active as a playwright, lyricist. Barbers honors include a knighthood from the French Government, the Berlin Prize of the American Academy in Berlin, Project Veritas which now works with the alt-right media outlet Breitbart News filmed Barber without his knowledge
21.
A Little Yes and a Big No
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A Little Yes and a Big No is the 1946 autobiography of German artist George Grosz. The first edition was published by Dial Press in New York City, in 1998, the University of California Press published a 1955 translation of Groszs text by Nora Hodges, entitled George Grosz, An Autobiography. The 1998 edition includes the chapter Russia in 1922 which did not appear in the 1946 edition, in this chapter, Grosz recounts his five-month tour of Soviet Russias most famine-stricken areas. Barbara McCloskey writes in the foreword to the 1998 edition, Grosz rejects any glimmer of the idealism that we might have expected from a young. Gloom and suspicion, not optimism and hope, define his vision of the new Soviet regime
22.
George Grosz
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George Grosz was a German artist known especially for his caricatural drawings and paintings of Berlin life in the 1920s. He was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group during the Weimar Republic and he emigrated to the United States in 1933, and became a naturalized citizen in 1938. Abandoning the style and subject matter of his work, he exhibited regularly. In 1956 he returned to Berlin where he died, George Grosz was born Georg Ehrenfried Groß in Berlin, Germany, the son of a pub owner. Grosz grew up in the Pomeranian town of Stolp, where his mother became the keeper of the local Hussars Officers mess after his father died in 1901. At the urging of his cousin, the young Grosz began attending a weekly drawing class taught by a painter named Grot. Grosz developed his skills further by drawing meticulous copies of the scenes of Eduard von Grützner. From 1909 to 1911, he studied at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, where his teachers were Richard Müller, Robert Sterl, Raphael Wehle and he subsequently studied at the Berlin College of Arts and Crafts under Emil Orlik. In November 1914 Grosz volunteered for service, in the hope that by thus preempting conscription he would avoid being sent to the front. He was given a discharge after hospitalization for sinusitis in 1915, in January 1917 he was drafted for service, but in May he was discharged as permanently unfit. In the last months of 1918, Grosz joined the Spartacist League and he was arrested during the Spartakus uprising in January 1919, but escaped using fake identification documents. In 1921 Grosz was accused of insulting the army, which resulted in a 300 German Mark fine and the destruction of the collection Gott mit uns, by contrast, in 1942 Time magazine identified Grosz as a pacifist. In 1922 Grosz traveled to Russia with the writer Martin Andersen Nexø, upon their arrival in Murmansk they were briefly arrested as spies, after their credentials were approved they were allowed to meet with Grigory Zinoviev, Anatoly Lunacharsky, and Vladimir Lenin. Groszs six-month stay in the Soviet Union left him unimpressed by what he had seen and he ended his membership in the KPD in 1923, although his political positions were little changed. Bitterly anti-Nazi, Grosz left Germany shortly before Hitler came to power, in June 1932, he accepted an invitation to teach the summer semester at the Art Students League of New York. In October 1932, Grosz returned to Germany, but on January 12,1933 he, Grosz became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1938, and made his home in Bayside, New York. In the 1930s he taught at the Art Students League, where one of his students was Romare Bearden and he taught at the Art Students League intermittently until 1955. In America, Grosz determined to make a break with his past
23.
Kevin Bales
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Kevin Brian Bales CMG is Professor of Contemporary Slavery at the University of Nottingham, co-author of the Global Slavery Index, and was a co-founder and previously president of Free the Slaves. Free the Slaves is the US sister organization of Anti-Slavery International, Bales graduated from Ponca City High School in Ponca City, Oklahoma in 1970. Bales earned his Ph. D. at the London School of Economics in 1994 and he also holds a BA in Anthropology from the University of Oklahoma, an MA in Sociology from the University of Mississippi, and an MSc in Economic History from the London School of Economics. In 1990, Bales teamed with Simon Pell, then head of Arts for Labour in the UK, to form the fund-raising and research consultancy, the firm raises funds for medical charities, human rights groups, environmental campaigns, overseas development, and the Labour Party. In November 2011 fundraising by the company passed the one billion pound mark and he has since served as a Trustee of Anti-Slavery International and as a consultant to the United Nations Global Program on Trafficking of Human Beings. Bales edited an Anti-Human Trafficking Toolkit for the United Nations, in 2015 he was the Richard and Ann Pozen Professor of Human Rights at the University of Chicago. From 2001 to 2005 Bales was a professor of International Studies at the Croft Institute at the University of Mississippi. Presently, Bales holds the position of Professor of Contemporary Slavery at the University of Nottingham and he served on the Board of Directors of the International Cocoa Initiative, and currently serves on the board of the Freedom Fund. Dr. Bales has written extensively on modern slavery, archbishop Desmond Tutu called the book a well researched, scholarly and deeply disturbing expose of modern slavery. It was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize and has published in ten different languages. The book formed the basis for a film, Slavery, A Global Investigation, made by TrueVision in 2000, martin Albrows globalization theory and Darren OByrnes theories on human rights have influenced Bales research, as has the empirical training he received from Jack Gibbs and Larry DeBord. In 2000 Bales was awarded the Premio Viareggio prize for his services to humanity, in 2003 he received the Human Rights Award from the University of Alberta, in 2004, the Judith Sargeant Murray Award for Human Rights, and in 2005 the Laura Smith Davenport Human Rights Award. In 2006 the association of British Universities named Bales work as one of the top 100 world-changing discoveries of the last fifty years, two years later in 2008, Utne Reader named him one of 50 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World. In 2008 he was invited to address the Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates in Paris. Most recently, Bales received the 2011 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Improving World Order, Bales was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to the global antislavery movement. Blood and Earth, Modern Slavery, Ecocide, and the Secret to Saving the World ISBN9780812995763 Bales, Disposable People, New Slavery in the Global Economy ISBN9780520243842 Bales, Kevin. Understanding Global Slavery, A Reader ISBN9780520245075 Bales, Kevin, New Slavery, A Reference Handbook ISBN9781576072394 Bales, Kevin. Ending Slavery, How We Free Todays Slaves ISBN9781435611511 Bales, Kevin, Trodd, to Plead Our Own Cause, Personal Stories by Todays Slaves ISBN9780520257962 Bales, Kevin, Malbert, Roger, Sealy, Mark
24.
A Culture of Conspiracy
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Others worry about an 18th-century secret society called the Bavarian Illuminati or a mythical Zionist-Occupied Government secretly running the United States. This is the prospect, soberly presented by Michael Barkun in his important, just-published book. com, Hardcover, Paperback C-SPAN Video Library, Reviews Pipes. Retrieved on 2011-07-12 Boyer, Paul S, the Strange World of Conspiracy Theories
25.
Michael Barkun
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He serves on the editorial boards of Terrorism and Political Violence and Nova Religio, and was the editor of Communal Societies from 1987 to 1994. He edits the Religion and Politics book series for the Syracuse University Press and he won the 2003 Distinguished Scholar award from the Communal Studies Association, and the Myers Center Award for the Study of Human Rights for his book Religion and the Racist Right. Barkun focuses particularly on millenarian and utopian movements, terrorism and doomsday weapons, and his books have been reviewed by The New York Times, The New York Sun, The Montana Professor, and Terrorism and Political Violence. In a 2004 review, historian Paul S. Boyer wrote that Barkun knows his way around the world of contemporary conspiracy theorists more than any other scholar in America. Barkun earned his Ph. D. from Northwestern University in 1965, united Nations System and Its Functions, Selected Readings. Published in Princeton, NJ by Van Nostrand as a 460-page hardcover, a part of the Van Nostrand political science series. Law Without Sanctions, Order in Primitive Societies and the World Community, Published by Yale University Press as a 179-page hardcover. International Law and the Social Sciences, Published by Princeton University Press as a 338-page hardcover. Social Science Literature, A Bibliography for International Law, Published in Princeton, NJ for the American Society of International Law by Princeton University Press as a 662-page hardcover. It was republished in paperback in 2015 as part of the Princeton Legacy Library series, Published in New York by Lieber-Atherton as a 128-page hardcover and paperback. Published in New Haven by Yale University Press as a 246-page hardcover and it was re-published in paperback in 1986 by Syracuse University Press. Crucible of the Millennium, Burned-Over District of New York in the 1840s Published by Syracuse University Press as a 194-page hardcover, Religion and the Racist Right, The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. Published in Chapel Hill, NC by The University of North Carolina Press as a 290-page hardcover, a revised edition was published in 1997 as a 330-page hardcover and paperback. Published in London and Portland, OR by F. Cass as a 177-page hardcover and it was the second in the Cass series on political violence. Culture of Conspiracy, Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America, Published in Berkeley, CA by University of California Press as a 243-page hardcover. It was the 15th book in the Comparative Studies in Religion, a 251-page paperback edition was published in 2006. A second edition was published in 2013 as a 320-page paperback, chasing Phantoms, Reality, Imagination, and Homeland Security Since 9/11. Published by The University of North Carolina Press as a 208-page hardcover, a paperback edition was published in 2014
26.
Beyond Chutzpah
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Beyond Chutzpah, On the Misuse of Anti-Semitism and the Abuse of History is a book by Norman G. Finkelstein published by the University of California Press in August 2005. Finkelstein declared the book a fraud, two decades later, Finkelstein sees the record of the Israel-Palestine conflict as much less complex than it had been. Finkelstein claims that the official Zionist Exodus version, that Arab radio broadcasts had instructed the Palestinians to flee, has been swept away. He believes that proof of this available in the 1960s but had little impact. In the late 1980s, however, some studies, including some by Israelis, the topic remains controversial, particularly in Israel, where mainstream historians continue to dispute the view of Israels 1948 war of independence presented by Finkelstein. In this book he analyses The Not-So-New New Anti-Semitism from published sources, Finkelstein argues that the spectre of a new anti-semitism has been invented by supporters of Israel to brand any serious criticisms of Israels human rights abuses as anti-semitism. The aim, Finkelstein contends, is to silence criticisms of Israeli policies and to provide a cover for that countrys expansionistic, in the second part he analyses Alan Dershowitz´s 2003 book The Case for Israel. In the book, Finkelstein extensively documented what he claimed was Dershowitzs falsification of Israels human-rights record, in response, Dershowitz had his lawyers write letters to the University of California Press threatening a lawsuit if they published the book. At one point, Dershowitz called on the Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, to intervene on his behalf, to stop the book from being published, but the Governor refused. Eventually, Dershowitz backed off and the book was published by UC Press, baruch Kimmerling, professor of sociology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem wrote that the book is the most comprehensive, systematic, and well-documented work of its kind. If you are looking for balance, fairness, context, a weighing of evidence on different sides of a controversial issue. You will not find them here
27.
Norman Finkelstein
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Norman Gary Finkelstein is an American political scientist, activist, professor, and author. His primary fields of research are the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the politics of the Holocaust and he is a graduate of Binghamton University and received his Ph. D in political science at Princeton University. He has held faculty positions at Brooklyn College, Rutgers University, Hunter College, New York University, in 2007, after a highly publicized feud between Finkelstein and an academic opponent, Alan Dershowitz, Finkelsteins tenure bid at DePaul was denied. An official statement from DePaul strongly defended the decision to deny Finkelstein tenure, in 2008, he was banned from entering Israel for 10 years. Finkelstein taught at Sakarya University Middle East Institute in Turkey between 2014 and 2015, Finkelstein has written of his Jewish parents experiences during World War II. His mother, Maryla Husyt, grew up in Warsaw, survived the Warsaw Ghetto, the Majdanek concentration camp and her first husband died in the war. She considered the day of her liberation as the most horrible day of her life, as she realized that she was alone, her parents, normans father, Zacharias Finkelstein, active in Hashomer Hatzair, was a survivor of both the Warsaw Ghetto and the Auschwitz concentration camp. Finkelsteins mother was an ardent pacifist, both his parents died in 1995. Of his parents, Finkelstein has recalled that they saw the world through the prism of the Nazi Holocaust and they were eternally indebted to the Soviet Union, and so anyone who was anti-Soviet they were extremely harsh on. Finkelstein grew up in Borough Park, then Mill Basin, both in Brooklyn, New York, where he attended James Madison High School, One childhood friend recalls his mothers emotional investment in left-wing humanitarian causes as bordering on hysteria. But Finkelstein regards his absorption of his mothers outlook — the refusal to put aside a sense of outrage in order to get on with ones life — as a virtue. Subsequently, his reading of Noam Chomsky played an important role in tailoring the passion bequeathed to him by his mother to the necessity of maintaining intellectual rigor. Finkelstein completed his studies at Binghamton University in New York in 1974. A deep admirer of Paul Sweezy, he was an ardent Maoist and was devastated by the news of the trial of the Gang of Four, an event which devastated him. Finkelstein received his Masters degree in science in 1980, and later his PhD in political studies. His doctoral thesis was on Zionism, before gaining academic employment, Finkelstein was a part-time social worker with teenage dropouts in New York. He then taught successively at Rutgers University, New York University, Brooklyn College, during the First Intifada, he spent every summer from 1988 in the West Bank, a guest of Palestinian families in Hebron and Beit Sahour. According to The New York Times, Finkelstein left Hunter College in 2001, after his teaching load, in his own recollection, he enjoyed teaching at Hunter and was unceremoniously kicked out of the school after begging them to keep him on with just two courses a semester
28.
Autobiography of Mark Twain
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The Autobiography comprises a rambling collection of anecdotes and ruminations rather than a conventional autobiography. A three-volume edition of the text was published between 2010 and 2015. The book includes introductory material explaining how Twain’s autobiography was written, then follows Twain’s early, fragmentary attempts at writing it, and the text of his autobiographical dictations. Volume 2 was published in October 2013 and runs to 736 pages, the book is also available free online. The third and final volume of the Mark Twain Project edition was published in October 2015 and this volume contains the notorious Ashcroft-Lyon Manuscript and a section titled Closing Words. Twain himself had published Chapters from My Autobiography in twenty-five installments in the North American Review in 1906-7, the first of these was published in 1924 by Harper & Brothers Publishers. Twain first started to compose an autobiography in 1870, but proceeded fitfully, abandoning the work, in a 1904 letter to William Dean Howells, he wrote, “I’ve struck it. And I will give it away—to you and you will never know how much enjoyment you have lost until you get to dictating your autobiography. ”By 1904 Twain had embarked on what he called his “Final Plan” for telling the story of his life. However, after 1907 he again seems to have let the book languish, in 1908-9 he hardly added to it at all and his innovative notion — to “talk only about the thing which interests you for the moment” — meant that his thoughts could range freely. Twain thought his autobiography would be most entertaining if he went off on whims, Twain outlined a plan in 1899 for an autobiographical work which was to be published either 100 years from now or 100 years after his death. A manuscript note in the Mark Twain Papers indicates a 100-year ban was what he was contemplating, Twain did produce a preface From the Grave claiming that the book would not be published until after his death, which allowed him to speak with his whole frank mind. The manuscript and typescript materials of the Autobiography are in the Mark Twain Papers at The Bancroft Library, University of California, the edition received rather poor reviews. In 1940, editor and historian Bernard DeVoto published another selection in Mark Twain in Eruption, arranged by topic, in 1959 Charles Neider rejected both Paines and DeVotos approaches and rearranged the material to match the chronology of a standard autobiography. In 1990 Twain scholar Michael J. Kiskis edited an edition of the autobiography titled Mark Twain’s Own Autobiography, in spite of these previous efforts, around half of the Mark Twain Project text will be seeing publication for the first time. The Autobiography of Mark Twain Summary & Study Guide on eNotes. com
29.
Mary Hunter Austin
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Mary Hunter Austin was an American writer. Mary Hunter Austin was born on September 9,1868 in Carlinville, Illinois to George and she graduated from Blackburn College in 1888. Her family moved to California in the year and established a homestead in the San Joaquin Valley. Mary married Stafford Wallace Austin on May 18,1891 in Bakersfield and he was from Hawaii and a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley. For 17 years Austin made a study of Indian life in the Mojave Desert. She was a prolific novelist, poet, critic, and playwright, as well as an early feminist and she is best known for her tribute to the deserts of California, The Land of Little Rain. Austin and her husband were involved in the local California Water Wars, when their battle was lost, he moved to Death Valley, California. She moved to the art colony at Carmel-by-the-Sea, California about 1907 and she was one of the founders of the local Forest Theater, where in 1913 she premiered and directed her three-act play Fire. On July 25,1914 Chase attended her Indian melodrama in the Forest Theater, The Arrow Maker, apparently, Dr. Daniel MacDougal, head of the local Carnegie Institute, paid for most of her production costs, because of his not-so-secret love affair with the writer. When one of Chase’s students, Helena Wood Smith, was murdered by her Japanese lover. After 1914 her visits to Carmel were relatively brief, after visiting Santa Fe in 1918, Austin helped establish The Santa Fe Little Theatre and directed the groups first production held February 14,1919 at the art museums St. Francis Auditorium. Austin was also active in preserving the culture of New Mexico. In 1929, while living in New Mexico, Austin co-authored a book with photographer Ansel Adams, published a year later, the book, Taos Pueblo, was printed in a limited edition of only 108 copies. It is now rare because it included actual photographs made by Adams rather than reproductions. Austin died August 13,1934 in Santa Fe, New Mexico, mount Mary Austin, in the Sierra Nevada, was named in her honor. It is located 8.5 miles west of her home in Independence. A biography was published in 1939, a 1950 edition of The Land of Little Rain and a 1977 edition of Taos Pueblo each included photographs by Ansel Adams. The Austins home in Independence, California is now a historical landmark and it was designed and built by the couple
30.
A. I. Bezzerides
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Buzz Bezzerides was an American novelist and screenwriter, best known for writing films noir and action motion pictures, especially several of Warners social conscience films of the 1940s. He was born Albert Isaac Bezzerides in Samsun, Ottoman Turkey, Bezzerides had begun writing short stories as a student at the University of California, Berkeley, where he studied electrical engineering. He was first published in a 1935 issue of Story Magazine, Bezzerides wrote the novel The Long Haul, which got him into the screenwriting business. He wrote such action movies as They Drive by Night, Desert Fury, Thieves Highway, On Dangerous Ground, Beneath the 12 Mile Reef. He was one of the co-creators of the Western television series The Big Valley, in 1940, Warner Bros. offered Bezzerides $2,000 for movie rights to The Long Haul. He learned later that the script based on his book had already been written, the resulting film, They Drive By Night, starred Humphrey Bogart and George Raft. Bezzerides third novel, Thieves Market, was adapted as a film titled Thieves Highway, the studio also offered Bezzerides a contract to be a screenwriter at a salary of $300 a week. At the time, he was working as an engineer for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. He later commented, I had no idea whether it was guilt or conscience, or greed to swindle more out of me. Whatever their reason, I grabbed their offer so I could quit my putrid career as an engineer by becoming a writer. His first film credit was 1942s Juke Girl, which starred Ann Sheridan, Bezzerides most famous script is Kiss Me Deadly, a masterful and influential film noir. He transformed the novel by Mickey Spillane into an apocalyptic, atomic-age paranoia film noir, and I can only say that I didnt think about it when I wrote it. I was having fun with it, I wanted to make every scene, every character, interesting. A girl comes up to Ralph Meeker, I make her a nympho and she grabs him and kisses him the first time she sees him. She says, You dont taste like anybody I know, im a big car nut, so I put in all that stuff with the cars and the mechanic. I was an engineer, and I gave the detective the first phone answering machine in that picture,1938, The Long Haul 1942, There Is a Happy Land 1949, Thieves Market A. I. Bezzerides at the Internet Movie Database Buzz at the Internet Movie Database, Bezzerides,91, novelist became a screenwriter known for film noir classics
31.
Cynthia Kadohata
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Cynthia Kadohata is a Japanese American childrens writer best known for her young adult novel Kira-Kira which won the Newbery Medal in 2005. She won the National Book Award in Young Peoples Literature in 2013 for The Thing About Luck, Kadohata was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her first published story appeared in The New Yorker in 1986. Weedflower, her childrens book, was published in Spring 2006. It is about the Poston internment camp where her father was imprisoned during World War II and her third childrens novel, about the Vietnam War from a war dogs perspective, was published in January 2007 by Atheneum Books for Young Readers. Outside Beauty, another novel, was published in 2008. It is about a 13-year-old girl and her three sisters, all fathered by different men and what happens when she and her sisters are separated from each other after their mother gets into an accident. The Floating World In the Heart of the Valley of Love The Glass Mountains, terese Nielson and Larry S. Friedman Kira-Kira — Newbery Medal, Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature Weedflower — a PEN USA Award Cracker. 38–49 Official website Profile at The Whiting Foundation de, Amerikanische Kinder- und Jugendliteratur Cynthia Kadohata at Library of Congress Authorities, with 11 catalog records
