1.
Derby College
–
Derby College is a further education centre with sites located within Derbyshire, England and the surrounding area. The college is a member of the Collab Group of high-performing further-education institutions, because of Derby Colleges central location and transport links it draws students from across the region. Derby College of Higher Education split from Derby College of Further Education during the 1960s, Derby FE was primarily targeted at part-time students from engineering companies such as Rolls Royce and British Rail. This provision continued through to the 1980s until a major restructuring of industry, the FE colleges then took on different types of students and evolved into new areas. In 1989 Derbyshire County Council was responsible for education, and formed two colleges, Wilmorton and Mackworth to serve different parts of the city and this was opened on the site of the former Parkfield Cedars Grammar School, which moved there in 1969. It became a school, then became Mackworth College in 1989. In 1997 there were plans to merge with the University of Derby, high Peak College, part of the original merger proposal, in Buxton, merged nonetheless becoming the Devonshire Campus in 1998. The building has a 1969 glass-tile mural by the artist Alan Boyson and this was situated at the current junction of the Wilmorton Link and London Road on the A6. This was some distance from the town centre, is situated in the ground of Broomfield Hall. Built in 1873, it was originally the home of Charles Schwind. The former students of Broomfield Hall alumni association is called – Broomfield Old Students Association, is situated in Ilkeston in Derbyshire and began as Ilkeston College of Further Education on 14 September 1953. The official opening took place on 25 June 1954, the college became South East Derbyshire College of Further Education in 1966. When it opened, in 1974, a site in Heanor on the former Heanor Grammar School was an annex of the main college, Heanor Grammar School closed in 1976, it had around 550 boys and girls. Geoffrey Stone was the headmaster for twenty years and became Principal, in 2010 Derby College in Ilkeston was formed between the merges of three campuses of the college that where situated in Ilkeston and Heanor. The former Field Road and Cavendish Road campus were both auctioned off in 2013 and newly built campus was opened in 2014 on the grounds of the Old Magistrates Court in Ilkeston, in 2015 Derby College scrapped plans to turn the remaining Heanor campus into a new education facility. Derby College was established as an institution in 2002 by merging three further education colleges, Mackworth Tertiary College, Wilmorton Tertiary College and Broomfield Agricultural College. The Roundhouse redevelopment is the Colleges flagship site with a focus on vocational qualifications, a merger between South East Derbyshire College and Derby College was approved on 2 February 2010. The college offers a variety of courses at various levels of education
Derby College
–
Derby College
Derby College
–
The former Wilmorton College in April 2005
Derby College
–
The new Joseph Wright Sixth Form College
Derby College
–
The entrance of the
Joseph Wright centre
2.
Latin language
–
Latin is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, Latin was originally spoken in Latium, in the Italian Peninsula. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Italian and French have contributed many words to the English language, Latin and Ancient Greek roots are used in theology, biology, and medicine. By the late Roman Republic, Old Latin had been standardised into Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin was the colloquial form spoken during the same time and attested in inscriptions and the works of comic playwrights like Plautus and Terence. Late Latin is the language from the 3rd century. Later, Early Modern Latin and Modern Latin evolved, Latin was used as the language of international communication, scholarship, and science until well into the 18th century, when it began to be supplanted by vernaculars. Ecclesiastical Latin remains the language of the Holy See and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. Today, many students, scholars and members of the Catholic clergy speak Latin fluently and it is taught in primary, secondary and postsecondary educational institutions around the world. The language has been passed down through various forms, some inscriptions have been published in an internationally agreed, monumental, multivolume series, the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Authors and publishers vary, but the format is about the same, volumes detailing inscriptions with a critical apparatus stating the provenance, the reading and interpretation of these inscriptions is the subject matter of the field of epigraphy. The works of several hundred ancient authors who wrote in Latin have survived in whole or in part and they are in part the subject matter of the field of classics. The Cat in the Hat, and a book of fairy tales, additional resources include phrasebooks and resources for rendering everyday phrases and concepts into Latin, such as Meissners Latin Phrasebook. The Latin influence in English has been significant at all stages of its insular development. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, English writers cobbled together huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek words, dubbed inkhorn terms, as if they had spilled from a pot of ink. Many of these words were used once by the author and then forgotten, many of the most common polysyllabic English words are of Latin origin through the medium of Old French. Romance words make respectively 59%, 20% and 14% of English, German and those figures can rise dramatically when only non-compound and non-derived words are included. Accordingly, Romance words make roughly 35% of the vocabulary of Dutch, Roman engineering had the same effect on scientific terminology as a whole
Latin language
–
Latin inscription, in the
Colosseum
Latin language
–
Julius Caesar 's
Commentarii de Bello Gallico is one of the most famous classical Latin texts of the Golden Age of Latin. The unvarnished, journalistic style of this
patrician general has long been taught as a model of the urbane Latin officially spoken and written in the floruit of the
Roman republic.
Latin language
–
A multi-volume Latin dictionary in the
University Library of Graz
Latin language
–
Latin and Ancient Greek Language - Culture - Linguistics at
Duke University in 2014.
3.
Public university
–
A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
Public university
–
Cairo University, the prime indigenous model for Egyptian state universities
Public university
–
Old Merensky Library at
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Public university
–
Sebelas Maret University, one of Indonesia's prominent public universities.
Public university
–
Chulalongkorn University main auditorium in Thailand
4.
Universities in the United Kingdom
–
Universities in the United Kingdom have generally been instituted by Royal Charter, Papal Bull, Act of Parliament or an instrument of government under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. For new public universities, approval is required from the Privy Council, the exact criteria for University title vary between the four countries of the United Kingdom. These include a number of institutions that feature regularly in the tables of the worlds top universities, such as UCL. The central co-ordinating bodies for universities in the United Kingdom is Universities UK, Universities in Britain date back to the dawn of mediaeval studium generale, with Oxford and Cambridge taking their place among the worlds oldest universities. No other universities were founded in England during this period, opposition from Oxford and Cambridge blocked attempts to establish universities in Northampton. Medical schools in London, though not a university in its own right, were among the first to provide medical teachings in England, in Scotland, St Andrews, Glasgow and Kings College, Aberdeen were founded by Papal Bull. Post-Reformation, these were joined by Edinburgh, Marischal College, Aberdeen, gresham College was, however, established in London in the late 16th century, despite concerns expressed by Cambridge. In Ireland, Trinity College Dublin was founded as the mother of a University by a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth, the 18th century saw the establishment of medical schools at Edinburgh and Glasgow universities and at hospitals in London. A number of dissenting academies were also established, but the next attempt to found a university did not come until the Andersonian Institute was established in Glasgow in 1798. The French Revolution and the ensuing Napoleonic wars led to over 40% of universities in Europe closing, from 153 universities in 1789, numbers fell to only 83 in 1815. The next quarter century saw a rebound, with 15 new universities founded, by then, the higher education revolution was well under way. This would, however, have required government support, the opinion of Robert Peel – cabinet minister and MP for Oxford University – was sought, and he advised against proceeding. This period also saw the establishment of Mechanics Institutes in a number of cities, many others would eventually become polytechnics and then, in 1992, universities. Very soon after news of the York scheme broke, Thomas Campbell wrote to The Times proposing a university be founded in London and this would become UCL, founded in 1826 as a joint stock company under the name of London University. This became Kings College London, granted a charter in 1829 –. Neither of the Colleges was residential – a break from the two ancient English universities, although non-residential universities were the norm in Scotland, Cambridge voted to petition the King not to allow the awarding of degrees with the same name as theirs or Oxfords. Then, later in 1831, a plan was announced to found a university in Durham, greys government supported the bill to establish the university, despite it limiting its degrees to Anglicans. Thus the University of Durham was established by Act of Parliament in 1832, in 1836 it pioneered the system of external examiners for its final degree examinations, bringing in Oxford academics to ensure the same standards
Universities in the United Kingdom
–
Trinity College, Cambridge
Universities in the United Kingdom
–
King's College London, one of the founding colleges of
University of London.
5.
Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire
–
Peregrine Andrew Morny Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire KCVO CBE DL is a British peer. He is the surviving son of Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire and his wife. He succeeded to the following the death of his father on 3 May 2004. Prior to this succession, he was styled Marquess of Hartington, the duke is worth an estimated £800 million. He attended Eton College and Exeter College, Oxford, where he read History, the duke is well known in the world of horse racing and served as Her Majestys Representative at Ascot and chairman of Ascot Racecourse Ltd. In 1980 he was elected to the Jockey Club and in 1989 he was appointed its Senior Steward and he was appointed first chairman of the board in June 1993 and retired at the end of his term in 1996. He was appointed a Trustee of the Wallace Collection in 2007 and he is a trustee of Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust. He is Chairman of the Devonshire Arms Hotel Group, a chain of hotels in North Yorkshire and Derbyshire. He collects modern British and contemporary painting and sculpture, as well as works in other areas, the Duke and Duchess and the house and estate grounds were featured in the BBC documentary series Chatsworth. In December 2012, he sold Auxiliary cartoon for the Head of a Young Apostle by Raphael for £29. 7m at a Sothebys auction, as of 2016 he is the owner of Heywood Hill, a notable bookstore in London. He took up the position as the third Chancellor of the University of Derby at a ceremony on 28 October 2008 in Buxton. The range of Cavendish Pianos were named after the name of the Duke to recognise his support which was critical to the establishment of the new firm. On 28 June 1967 the future Duke married Amanda Carmen Heywood-Lonsdale, daughter of Commander Edward Gavin Heywood-Lonsdale and they have three children and eight grandchildren, William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington, married Laura Roundell on 31 March 2007. They have four children, Jake Carter Alfie Carter Ned Carter Willa Carter Lady Jasmine Nancy Cavendish and this mirrored the view of his mother, who had said titles are meaningless because peers are no longer legislators. This was dismissed as nonsense by Lord Ferrers, who disagreed with the Dukes claims that the aristocracy was dead. It is not known how serious he was in his intention,27 April 1944 –10 September 1944, Peregrine Cavendish, Esq
Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire
–
Barons Cavendish of Hardwick
6.
Higher education
–
Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. Tertiary education at non-degree level is referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. The right of access to education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments. In Europe, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights, adopted in 1950, in the days when few pupils progressed beyond primary education, the term higher education was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion. Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level. The latter level of education is referred to as graduate school. Higher education is important to national economies, both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers. However, the admission of so many students of average ability to higher education inevitably requires a decline in academic standards. There is some question as to whether advanced mathematical skills or talent are in fact necessary for such as history, English, philosophy. In contrast, the higher education and training that takes place at vocational universities and schools usually concentrates on practical applications. Requirements for admission to such high-level graduate programs is extremely competitive, in the United States, there are large differences in wages and employment associated with different degrees. Medical doctors and lawyers are generally the highest paid workers, and have among the lowest unemployment rates and it may encompass using insights to conceive, model and scale an appropriate solution to a problem or objective. Engineering disciplines include, aerospace, biological, civil, chemical, computer, electrical, industrial, examples are painting, sculpture, and drawing, etc. Higher educational institutions in these arts include Film schools and Art schools, Higher vocational education and training takes place at the non-university tertiary level. Such education combines teaching of practical skills and theoretical expertise. Higher education differs from other forms of education such as that offered by institutions of vocational education. Higher vocational education might be contrasted with education in a broader scientific field
Higher education
–
The University of al-Qarawiyyin in
Fes, Morocco is the world's oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree awarding institution of higher learning in the world according to
UNESCO and
Guinness World Records.
Higher education
–
University of Bologna, located in
Bologna, Italy, is the oldest institution of higher education in the
Western world.
Higher education
–
The
University of Pennsylvania considers itself the first institution to use the term "university" in its name.
Higher education
–
The
University of Cambridge is an institution of higher learning in
Cambridge,
United Kingdom.
7.
Postgraduate education
–
In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
Postgraduate education
–
The enrollment of some students in the
University of Bologna.
8.
Derby
–
Derby is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, at the 2011 census, the population was 248,700. Derby gained city status in 1977, Derby was settled by Romans – who established the town of Derventio – Saxons and Vikings, who made Derby one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw. Initially a market town, Derby grew rapidly in the industrial era, home to Lombes Mill, an early British factory, Derby has a claim to be one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution. It contains the part of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. With the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, Derby became a centre of the British rail industry, Toyota Manufacturing UKs automobile headquarters is south west of the city at Burnaston. The Roman camp of Derventio was probably at Little Chester/Chester Green, later the town was one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw, until it was captured by Lady Aethelflaed of Mercia in July 917, subsequent to which the town was annexed into the Kingdom of Mercia. The Viking name Djúra-bý, recorded in Old English as Deoraby and this popular belief is asserted by Tim Lambert who states, The name Derby is derived from the Danish words deor by meaning deer settlement. The name Derwent is Celtic and means a valley thick with oaks, the town name appears, nevertheless, as Darby or Darbye on early modern maps, such as that of Speed. Modern research into the history and archaeology of Derby has provided evidence that the Vikings and Anglo-Saxons probably co-existed, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says that Derby is divided by water. These areas of land were known as Norþworþig and Deoraby, and were at the Irongate side of Derby, during the Civil War of 1642–1646, Derby was garrisoned by Parliamentary troops commanded by Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, who was appointed Governor of Derby in 1643. A hundred years later, Bonnie Prince Charlie set up camp at Derby on 4 December 1745, the prince called at The George Inn on Irongate, where the Duke of Devonshire had set up his headquarters, and demanded billets for his 9,000 troops. He stayed at Exeter House, Full Street where he held his council of war, a replica of the room is on display at Derby Museum in the city centre. He had received misleading information about a coming to meet him south of Derby. Although he wished to continue with his quest, he was over-ruled by his fellow officers and he abandoned his invasion at Swarkestone Bridge on the River Trent just a few miles south of Derby. Derby and Derbyshire were among the centres of Britains Industrial Revolution, in 1759, Jedediah Strutt patented and built a machine called the Derby Rib Attachment that revolutionised the manufacture of hose. This attachment was used on the Rev. Lees Framework Knitting Machine, it was placed in front of – and worked in unison with – Lees Frame, the partners were Jedediah Strutt, William Woollatt. The patent was obtained in January 1759, after three years, Bloodworth and Stafford were paid off, and Samuel Need – a hosier of Nottingham – joined the partnership
Derby
–
Derby Skyline and landmarks, clockwise from top left: Derby Quad, Derby Cathedral, Intu Derby.
Derby
–
The tower of
Derby Cathedral.
Derby
–
View of Derby Cathedral Facing Clock Tower
Derby
–
Statue of Bonnie Prince Charlie on Cathedral Green
9.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
10.
Design Council
–
The Design Council, formerly the Council of Industrial Design, is a United Kingdom charity incorporated by Royal Charter. Its stated mission is to great design that improves lives and makes things better. It was instrumental in the promoting of the concept of inclusive design, the Design Councils archive is located at the University of Brighton Design Archives. The Design Council also runs two subsidiaries, the Design Council Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment and Design Council Enterprises Limited. Design Council CABE, which is intended to be run as a “self-sustaining business”, was formed on April 1,2011 from about 20 staff from the original CABE after it was merged with the Design Council, the BEE network was formed in 2012. The Design Council started on 19 December 1944 as the Council of Industrial Design, founded by Hugh Dalton, and its objective was to promote by all practicable means the improvement of design in the products of British industry. Leslie, the Councils first director, played an important part in the Britain Can Make It exhibition of 1946 and it was 1947 successor Sir Gordon Russell who established the organisations model for the next 40 years. Under Sir Paul Reilly in the early 70s, the changed its name to the Design Council in 1972. The Design Council was incorporated as a charity by Royal Charter in 1976. On 1 April 2010 it incorporated a subsidiary trading company called Design Council Enterprises Limited to transact “fundraising activities that are not primary-purpose charitable activity. It also officially merged with the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment on the day although Design Council CABE was incorporated four days earlier. Sir Gordon Russell, who was involved in the 1951 Festival of Britain, examined ways to reform the education. The Design Centre, in Londons Haymarket, was opened on 26 April 1956. The Council under Russell combined exhibitions with product endorsements, direct services to industry, commercial publishing, after the Design Council’s restructuring in 1994, the Design Centre became closed to the public. The Design Council continued to operate from the Design Centre until 1998, between 1949 and 1999, the Design Council published Design, a “well-regarded magazine of its own” The journal ceased publication after the summer issue of 1999. The Council has hosted the British Design Awards, with the 1987 logo rights being co-owned with Manchester Metropolitan University and it was suggested in 1995 in Business Strategy Review magazine that the awards made suitable benchmarks, contributing to industrial competitiveness
Design Council
–
Design Council at 407 St John Street
Design Council
–
British Design Awards logo
11.
Duke of Edinburgh
–
Duke of Edinburgh, named after the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, is a title that has been created four times for members of the British royal family since 1726. The current holder is the Prince Philip, consort to Queen Elizabeth II, the title was first created in the Peerage of Great Britain on 26 July 1726 by George I, who bestowed it on his grandson Prince Frederick, who also became Prince of Wales the following year. These titles were also in the Peerage of Great Britain, the marquessate was apparently erroneously gazetted as Marquess of the Isle of Wight although Marquess of the Isle of Ely was the intended title. In later editions of the London Gazette the Duke is referred to as the Marquess of the Isle of Ely, upon Fredericks death, the titles were inherited by his son Prince George. When Prince George became King George III in 1760, the merged into the Crown. On 19 November 1764, George III created a variation of the title for his brother, Prince William. This title was in the Peerage of Great Britain and the subsidiary title of the dukedom was Earl of Connaught, in the Kingdom of Ireland. In 1805, the titles were inherited by Williams only son, another William, Queen Victoria re-created the title on 24 May 1866 for her second son Prince Alfred, this time in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The subsidiary titles of the dukedom were Earl of Kent and Earl of Ulster, when Alfred became the sovereign of the two German duchies Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in 1893, he retained his British titles. His only son Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha committed suicide in 1899, the title was created for a fourth time on 19 November 1947 by King George VI, who bestowed it on his son-in-law Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, when he married Princess Elizabeth. Subsequently, Elizabeth was styled HRH Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh until she became Queen in 1952, the subsidiary titles of the dukedom were Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich, of Greenwich in the County of London. Like the dukedom, these titles were also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, earlier that year, Philip had renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles along with his rights to the Greek throne. In 1957, Philip became a Prince of the United Kingdom and this is unlikely to happen by direct inheritance, as Prince Edward is the youngest of Prince Philips three sons
Duke of Edinburgh
–
The Prince Frederick Louis (1707–1751) was the very first Duke of Edinburgh, from 1727 to his death.
Duke of Edinburgh
–
Dukedom of Edinburgh
Duke of Edinburgh
–
Prince George was the second Duke of Edinburgh, before he became George III.
12.
Ernest Hives, 1st Baron Hives
–
Ernest Walter Hives, 1st Baron Hives CH MBE, was the one-time head of the Rolls-Royce Aero Engine division and chairman of Rolls-Royce Ltd. Hives was born in Reading, Berkshire, during the Second World War he was closely involved with the design of the Merlin engine as well as numerous later Rolls-Royce jet engines. He began his life in a local garage. However, in 1903 he got a job working at C. S, Rolls car company, after fixing Rolls car. After becoming a chief test driver in 1908, he led the RR team in the Austrian Alpine Trial in 1913. During the First World War the company designed its first aero-engine, the Eagle, in 1919 the Eagle powered the twin-engined Vickers Vimy bomber on the first direct flight across the Atlantic. Other notable engines were developed under Hives’ lead. In 1936 he became the works manager of the factory. Lived at 37, St. Chads Rd. Derby until around 1937, in 1937, thinking war would soon be inevitable, he prepared the firm for a massive production increase in Merlin engines by splitting facilities between engineering and production. As the Merlin powered Hurricanes and Spitfires, this was a decision of vital strategic significance when war did come and it was thanks to Hives that a total of a hundred and sixty thousand Merlins were produced by 1945. In 1941 Hives quickly decided ‘to go all out for the gas turbine’, ensuring the company’s leading role in developing jet engines for civil and military aviation. He was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in the 1943 Birthday Honours and on 7 July 1950 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hives and he played a critical role in the UK Nuclear Submarine programme. When the highly irascible but utterly pivotal Admiral Rickover visited the UK in 1957 to inspect the British nuclear design team at Rolls Rickover was “at his obnoxious worst”, after one particularly difficult morning he was introduced to Lord Hives. He died in April 1965, aged 79, and was succeeded in the barony by his son John and his younger daughter, Philippa Hives, married Judge Alexander Morrison in 1978
Ernest Hives, 1st Baron Hives
–
Ernest Walter Hives
13.
Rolls-Royce Limited
–
This article covers from 1904 to 1987 when this business by then owned by Rolls-Royce plc was again listed on the Stock Exchange. For the present day owners of the business enterprise, see Rolls-Royce Holdings for aero-engines etc. Rolls-Royce Limited owned a British luxury-car and aero engine manufacturing business founded in 1904 by Charles Stewart Rolls, Rolls-Royce Limited was incorporated on 15 March 1906 as a vehicle for their ownership of their Rolls-Royce business. Their business quickly developed a reputation for superior engineering quality, best car in the world, Rolls-Royce became a leading manufacturer of piston aero-engines after it was brought into building them by the First World War. In the late 1960s, Rolls-Royce Limited became hopelessly crippled by its mismanagement of development of its advanced RB211 jet engine and the consequent cost over-runs. In 1971 their financial collapse was dealt with by sale, at a price which took years to negotiate, of the entire business to a new government-owned company. Insolvent Rolls-Royce Limited was put into liquidation, everything that could be sold off was sold off but more than 45 years later there are still assets remaining to be sold. Rolls-Royce Limited continued to trade and realise the surplus assets bought from the former company, in 1977 Rolls-Royce Limited, given the necessary consent, was re-named Rolls-Royce Limited. It remained nationalised until 1987 when, re-named Rolls-Royce plc, the government sold its shares to the public, today it owns and operates Rolls-Royces principal business though it is no longer listed on the stock exchange. Instead it has been a subsidiary of a holding company currently Rolls-Royce Holdings plc since 2003. A marketing survey in 1987 showed there was one brand name more widely known than Rolls-Royce. In 1884 Henry Royce started an electrical and mechanical business and he made his first car, a two-cylinder Royce 10, in his Manchester factory in 1904. Henry Royce was introduced to Charles Rolls at the Midland Hotel, Rolls was proprietor of an early motor car dealership, C. S. Rolls & Co. in Fulham. In spite of his preference for three- or four-cylinder cars, Rolls was impressed with the Royce 10, the first Rolls-Royce car, the Rolls-Royce 10 hp, was unveiled at the Paris Salon in December 1904. During 1906 Royce had been developing an improved model with more power than the Rolls-Royce 30 hp. Initially designated the 40/50 hp, this was Rolls-Royces first all-new model, the new 40/50 was responsible for Rolls-Royces early reputation with over 6,000 built. Its chassis was used as a basis for the first British armoured car used in world wars Aero-engine manufacture began in 1914 because the government requested it. After the First World War, Rolls-Royce successfully avoided attempts to encourage British car manufacturers to merge, faced with falling sales of the 40/50 Rolls-Royce introduced the smaller, cheaper Twenty in 1922, effectively ending the one-model policy followed since 1908
Rolls-Royce Limited
–
Spirit of Ecstasy
Rolls-Royce Limited
–
The Silver Ghost, green leather,
silver-plated fittings, aluminium dashboard 40/50
chassis #60551 registration AX-201 Scottish Reliability Trial 22 June 1907
Rolls-Royce Limited
–
40/50 chassis #60551 The Silver Ghost semi-Roi des Belges open tourer by
Barker
Rolls-Royce Limited
–
Silver Ghost open tourer by
Hooper 1920
14.
Okeover Hall
–
Okeover Hall is a privately owned Grade II* listed country house in Staffordshire. It is the seat of the Okeover family, who have been in residence since the reign of William Rufus. The house lies close to the border between Staffordshire and Derbyshire, which lies on the far side of the small River Dove, the Hall is not open to the public. The house and manor church were pillaged by the Jacobite forces as they marched south to Swarkstone Bridge in 1745. In 1745–47, Leak Okeover had the old hall enlarged to Palladian designs by a London carpenter and joiner, Joseph Sanderson, a cousin of John Sanderson, the house is a testament to the high level of education and competence that might be elicited from a well-trained Georgian craftsman. The Georgian east wing is the oldest part of the house dating from 1745–46, a north wing was demolished in the early 19th century. The south and west wings were rebuilt 1953–60 to a sensitive Neo-Georgian design by Marshall Sisson, stables at right angles to the house form a separate nine-bay range with a central pediment on Doric pilasters over three rusticated arches and are separately listed as Grade II. In 1887, the Hon. Maud Okeover married Sir Andrew Barclay Walker, a brewer of Gateacre, Liverpool. His son, Sir Peter Walker, the 2nd Baronet, married Ethel Okeover in 1899, Sir Ian Walker, the 3rd Baronet, inherited Okeover in 1956 and assumed the name of Walker-Okeover, demolished Osmaston Manor in 1964, and moved the family seat back to Okeover. The estate is owned by Sir Andrew Walker-Okeover, 5th Baronet. Several members of the family have served as High Sheriff of Staffordshire, howard Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1660-1840, 3rd ed.1995, under Joseph Anderson Beard, Geoffrey. Craig Thornber, Strolling Through Staffordshire, Okeover Hall
Okeover Hall
–
The east wing and ivy-clad church (left) and stable block (right)
15.
Ashbourne, Derbyshire
–
Ashbourne is a market town in the Derbyshire Dales, England. It has a population of 7,112 and it contains many historical buildings and many independent shops and is famous for its historic annual Shrovetide football match. Ashbourne is a town and was granted a market charter in 1257. In medieval times Ashbourne was a frequent rest stop for pilgrims walking St Nons Way to the shrine at Dunstable in Bedfordshire, the forces of Charles Edward Stuart passed through Ashbourne during the Jacobite rising of 1745. Ashbourne Town Council is made up of 4 wards, Belle Vue, Hilltop, Parkside and St Oswalds and it is based in the town hall on the Market Place. Ashbourne is located at 53°01′N 01°44′W, Ashbourne Green and Sturston are hamlets close by. Henmore Brook, a tributary of the River Dove, flows through the middle of the town, Ashbourne has a population of 8,377 according to a 2011 census. From 1910, Nestle had a creamery in the town, which for a period was contracted to produce Carnation condensed milk. The factory had its own private sidings connected to the station goods yard, which allowed milk trains to access the facility. After milk trains ceased in 1965, the track was lifted. Water from a borehole on the site was first marketed as Ashbourne Water in 1975, nestlé retained the borehole after the factory shut, taking water by tanker to Buxton for bottling. Declining sales meant that they could not justify further investment and the brand was discontinued in 2006, the towns proximity to Dovedale and the Peak District means that tourism has always been important to it, now more than ever. The cobbled market place hosts an outdoor market every Thursday and Saturday throughout the year. Although its market heritage is important, it came under threat of closure from Derbyshire County Council in November 2012, the people of Ashbourne have opposed any such moves by the council and started an online petition. Ashbourne became the 97th Fairtrade Town in March 2005 after many businesses, cafes, shops, according to the Ashbourne Show website, In 1881, four gentlemen founded a society, with the aim of improving the standard of Shire horses in the Ashbourne area. Originally known as the Ashbourne Cart Horse Society, later that year, they held their first a show on the Paddock, at Ashbourne. This was so successful, it was determined by meeting to put the show on a permanent basis and apart from a few years lost to war and foot-and-mouth. In 1888, the title Ashbourne Shire Horse Society was adopted and royal patronage was granted in 1899 by King Edward VII, Shrovetide Football although much older, did not become royal till 1928
Ashbourne, Derbyshire
–
Ashbourne Town Hall
Ashbourne, Derbyshire
–
Former
Nestle creamery circa 2006, before demolition
Ashbourne, Derbyshire
–
Ashbourne Market Place
Ashbourne, Derbyshire
–
St. Oswald's Church
16.
Diocese of Derby
–
The Diocese of Derby is a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury, roughly covering the same area as the County of Derbyshire. Its diocesan bishop is the Bishop of Derby who has his seat at Derby Cathedral, the diocesan bishop is assisted by the suffragan bishop, the bishop of Repton. The Diocese of Derby contains two archdeaconries, the Archdeaconry of Derby and the Archdeaconry of Chesterfield, the Archdeaconry of Derby was originally part of the Diocese of Lichfield, but was moved to form part of the Diocese of Southwell when that diocese was created in 1884. On 7 July 1927 the archdeaconries of Derby and Chesterfield became the Diocese of Derby, the current diocesan bishop of Derby is Alastair Redfern. On 29 June 2016, Jan McFarlane was consecrated to the see of Repton. The provincial episcopal visitor is Jonathan Goodall, Bishop suffragan of Ebbsfleet, 2008–present, retired former Bishop of Sheffield Jack Nicholls lives in Chapel-en-le-Frith and is also licensed in neighbouring Diocese of Manchester. 2012–present, Richard Inwood, retired Bishop suffragan of Bedford, lives in Chesterfield. 2012–present, Roger Jupp, a former Bishop of Popondetta, returned to ministry in England in 2005
Diocese of Derby
–
Diocese of Derby
17.
Academic dress
–
It is also known as academical dress, academicals, and, in the United States, as academic regalia. Contemporarily, it is seen only at graduation ceremonies, but formerly academic dress was. Today the ensembles are distinctive in some way to each institution, and generally consists of a gown with a separate hood, Academic dress is also worn by members of certain learned societies and institutions as official dress. Some older universities, particularly Oxford and Cambridge, have a set of dress to be worn under the gown. In the Commonwealth, gowns are worn open, while in the United States it has become common for gowns to close at the front, as did the original roba. In either case, the American Council of Education allows for the comfort of the wearer, and concedes that lighter materials be used in tropical climates, in addition, it acknowledges cotton poplin, broadcloth, rayon, or silk as appropriate. The materials used for academic dress vary and range from the economical to the very expensive. For some doctoral graduates commencement will be the time they wear academic regalia. These rented gowns are made of inexpensive polyester or other man-made synthetic fibre. In Britain, rented gowns are almost always polyester while Russell cord, undergraduate gowns are usually made from cotton or cotton and polyester mix and are relatively inexpensive to encourage students to own them. People who choose to buy their dress may opt for finer fabrics, such as poplin, grosgrain, Percale, cotton, wool, cassimere, broadcloth, Russell cord or corded/ribbed material. For silk, there are a range of types including artificial silk/rayon, Ottoman, taffeta, satin, alpaca, true silk, pure Ottoman silk is rarely used except for official gowns as it is very expensive. Some gowns may be trimmed with lace, cords, buttons or other forms of decoration. In the past, fur has been used to line certain hoods which range from rabbit to ermine, in the past, sheepskin was widely used. Most now use imitation fur instead, mainly because of cost, some robemakers will use fur if the customer requests and pays for it, as some feel that the quality and feel of artificial fur has yet to match that of real fur. Doctors robes usually use wool flannel, panama, superfine cloth and they tend to be the most expensive because they must be dyed in a specific colour and/or be trimmed in coloured silks. Many doctoral gowns have a special undress version so adding to the cost of a full set, a full set may cost about $360 for cheap materials to as much as $5800 for high quality materials. Usually, ex-hire gowns are available for purchase at cheaper prices though the quality may be lower, many institutions whose dress includes gowns of varying lengths prescribe the appropriate length of each gown with reference to parts of the wearers body
Academic dress
–
A
doctor of philosophy of the
University of Oxford, in full academic dress.
Academic dress
–
Academic dress of
King's College London in different colours, designed and presented by globally-renowned
Vivienne Westwood.
Academic dress
–
Ceremonial robe of
McGill University 's Principal and chief executive.
Academic dress
–
McGill University 's
scarlet,
Ph.D. regalia dates back to the early 19th century.
18.
University of Nottingham
–
The University of Nottingham is a public research university based in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England, United Kingdom. It was founded as University College Nottingham in 1881, and was granted a Royal Charter in 1948, Nottinghams main campus and teaching hospital are situated on the outskirts of the City of Nottingham, with a number of smaller campuses and sites located elsewhere in Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire. Outside the United Kingdom, the University has campuses in Semenyih, Malaysia and Ningbo, Nottingham is organised into five constituent faculties, within which there are more than 50 schools, departments, institutes and research centres. Nottingham has about 44,000 students and 9,000 staff, for 2009 entry, the University was ranked 5th in England in terms of the absolute number of students and 15th for the proportion of students who achieved AAB+ at A-level. In 2011, the University was listed as one of 12 elite institutions that accommodated the top achieving students in England, the 2014 High Fliers survey stated that Nottingham was the most targeted university by the UKs top employers between 2013-14. In 2012, Nottingham was ranked 13th in the world in terms of the number of alumni listed among CEOs of the Fortune Global 500 and it is also ranked 2nd in the 2012 Summer Olympics table of British medal winners. Moreover, in 2015, Nottingham was listed as the 9th largest European producer of entrepreneurs, in the 2011 and 2014 GreenMetric World University Rankings, University Park was ranked as the worlds most sustainable campus. The institutions alumni have been awarded a variety of accolades, including 3 Nobel Prizes, a Turner Prize. In 1881, there were four professors – of Literature, Physics, Chemistry, the university college underwent significant expansion in the 1920s, when it moved from the centre of Nottingham to a large campus on the citys outskirts. The original University College building on Shakespeare Street in central Nottingham, known as the Arkwright Building, built it most grand and cakeily out of the noble loot derived from shrewd cash-chemistry by good Sir Jesse Boot. During this period of development, Nottingham attracted high-profile lecturers, including Albert Einstein, H. G. Wells, the blackboard used by Einstein during his time at Nottingham is still on display in the Physics department. Apart from its physical transfer to surroundings that could not be different from its original home. The Department of Slavonic Languages was established in 1933, the teaching of Russian having been introduced in 1916, however, further advances were delayed by the outbreak of war in 1939. University College Nottingham students received their degrees from the University of London, however, in 1948, the University was granted its Royal Charter, which endowed it with university status and gave it the power to confer degrees in its own name as The University of Nottingham. In 1970, the university established the UKs first new school of the 20th century. In 1999, Jubilee Campus was opened on the site of the Raleigh Bicycle Company. Nottingham then began to expand overseas, opening campuses in Malaysia, in 2005, the Kings Meadow Campus opened near University Park. The University has used several logos throughout its history, beginning with its coat of arms, later, Nottingham adopted a simpler logo, in which a stylised version of Nottingham Castle was surrounded by the text The University of Nottingham
University of Nottingham
–
University College Nottingham in 1897; the building is now known as the Arkwright Building and is part of
Nottingham Trent University
University of Nottingham
–
Art students from
Goldsmith's College at University College Nottingham in 1944
University of Nottingham
–
Trent Building – Originally housed the entire university when it moved to University Park in 1928
University of Nottingham
–
Jubilee Campus in 2012. On the left is the Sir Harry and Lady Djanogly Learning Resource Centre, a library which has the form of an inverted cone.
19.
Church of England
–
The Church of England is the state church of England. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric, although the monarch is the supreme governor, the Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It dates its establishment as a church to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury. The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII sought to secure an annulment from Catherine of Aragon in the 1530s, the English Reformation accelerated under Edward VIs regents before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip. This is expressed in its emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers, as formalised in the Apostles, Nicene, in the earlier phase of the English Reformation there were both Catholic martyrs and radical Protestant martyrs. The later phases saw the Penal Laws punish Roman Catholic and nonconforming Protestants, in the 17th century, political and religious disputes raised the Puritan and Presbyterian faction to control of the church, but this ended with the Restoration. Papal recognition of George III in 1766 led to religious tolerance. Since the English Reformation, the Church of England has used a liturgy in English, the church contains several doctrinal strands, the main three known as Anglo-Catholic, Evangelical and Broad Church. Tensions between theological conservatives and progressives find expression in debates over the ordination of women and homosexuality, the church includes both liberal and conservative clergy and members. The governing structure of the church is based on dioceses, each presided over by a bishop, within each diocese are local parishes. The General Synod of the Church of England is the body for the church and comprises bishops, other clergy. Its measures must be approved by both Houses of Parliament, according to tradition, Christianity arrived in Britain in the 1st or 2nd century, during which time southern Britain became part of the Roman Empire. The earliest historical evidence of Christianity among the native Britons is found in the writings of such early Christian Fathers as Tertullian, three Romano-British bishops, including Restitutus, are known to have been present at the Council of Arles in 314. Others attended the Council of Sardica in 347 and that of Ariminum in 360, Britain was the home of Pelagius, who opposed Augustine of Hippos doctrine of original sin. Consequently, in 597, Pope Gregory I sent the prior of the Abbey of St Andrews from Rome to evangelise the Angles and this event is known as the Gregorian mission and is the date the Church of England generally marks as the beginning of its formal history. A later archbishop, the Greek Theodore of Tarsus, also contributed to the organisation of Christianity in England, the Church of England has been in continuous existence since the days of St Augustine, with the Archbishop of Canterbury as its episcopal head. Despite the various disruptions of the Reformation and the English Civil War, while some Celtic Christian practices were changed at the Synod of Whitby, the Christian Church in the British Isles was under papal authority from earliest times. The Synod of Whitby established the Roman date for Easter and the Roman style of monastic tonsure in Britain and this meeting of the ecclesiastics with Roman customs with local bishops was summoned in 664 at Saint Hildas double monastery of Streonshalh, later called Whitby Abbey
Church of England
–
Hereford is one of the church's 43 cathedrals; many have histories stretching back centuries
Church of England
Church of England
–
Stained glass window in
Rochester Cathedral, Kent
Church of England
–
Richard Hooker (1554–1600), one of the most influential figures in shaping Anglican theology and self-identity
20.
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
–
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, GCB, CI, GCVO, GBE was the wife of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the third son of George V and Mary of Teck. She was the mother of the present Duke of Gloucester, and of Prince William of Gloucester and she was thus a paternal aunt-in-law to Elizabeth II. Her brothers Walter and William and her nephew John were all Conservative MPs and her first cousin, Marian Montagu Douglas Scott, was the paternal grandmother of Sarah, Duchess of York, former wife of Alice’s great-nephew, Prince Andrew, Duke of York. As she was born on Christmas Day, she was given the name Christabel in addition to Alice, later, her niece Princess Alexandra would also be given the same second name for the same reason. Alice spent much of her childhood in her familys country homes, Boughton House in Northamptonshire, Drumlanrig Castle in Dumfries and Galloway and she attended the independent St Jamess School for Girls, in West Malvern, Worcestershire, and later travelled to France, Kenya and India. In August 1935, Lady Alice became engaged to Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester and they were married in a private ceremony, in the Private Chapel, Buckingham Palace, on 6 November of that year. Alice wore a wedding gown, the only British Royal bride to do so. Her gown was designed by Norman Hartnell, who designed the future Queen Elizabeth II s wedding gown. Although it was cold and wet, a crowd estimated to be one million people lined the streets from the Palace to the railway station to see the couple off on their honeymoon. She was often referred to as the Winter Princess from then on, initially, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester lived at the Royal Pavilion in Aldershot, where the Duke was taking the Army staff course. In 1935, the Duchess took a trip to open the new grounds of The Lady Eleanor Holles School, the Duke of Gloucester left the army to take on more public duties following the abdication of King Edward VIII in December 1936. The couple received a grace and favour residence at York House, St Jamess Palace, London and, in 1938, they purchased Barnwell Manor in Northamptonshire. The Duke and Duchess had two sons, Prince William of Gloucester Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester travelled extensively, during World War II, the Duchess worked with the Red Cross and the Order of St John. Later she was promoted to Air Chief Marshal in the Royal Air Force in 1990 and she also served as deputy to Queen Elizabeth, the consort of George VI, as Commandant-in-Chief of the Nursing Corps. From 1945 to 1947, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester lived in Canberra and she was also the Chancellor of the University of Derby and Patron of the Girls Day School Trust and Queen Margaret College. In 1975, Princess Alice was the first woman to be appointed a Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, in 1981, she first published her memoirs under the title The Memoirs of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester. In 1991, she released an edition as Memories of Ninety Years. In 1994, after the Gloucesters had to give up Barnwell Manor for financial reasons, Alice moved from Barnwell to Kensington Palace, where she lived with the current Duke and Duchess of Gloucester
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
–
The Duchess of Gloucester c. 1939, wearing GBE riband and star, the Order of the Crown of India and the Royal Family Orders of George V and George VI.
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
–
The Duchess of Gloucester and her husband on an Australian stamp in 1945.
Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester
–
Bernard Tussaud finishes the wax figure of Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott and the Duke of Gloucester, 16 October 1935
21.
Leek, Staffordshire
–
Leek is a market town and civil parish in the county of Staffordshire, England, on the River Churnet. It is situated about 10 miles north east of Stoke-on-Trent and it is an ancient borough and was granted its royal charter in 1214. It is the centre for the Staffordshire Moorlands District Council. King John granted Ranulph de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, the right to hold a weekly Wednesday market, leeks coat of arms is made up of a Saltire Shield. On the top is the Stafford Knot, either side is the Leek Double Sunset, the crest is a mural crown with three Mulberry leaves on a Mount of Heather on top of which a Moorcock is resting his claw on a small-weave Shuttle. The motto ARTE FAVENTE NIL DESPERANDUM translates to, Our skill assisting us, the town had a regular cattle market for hundreds of years, reflecting its role as a centre of local farming. Following the Industrial Revolution it was a producer of textiles. However, this industry has now ceased, the mills from the towns textile era remain and many have now been converted into housing. Britannia, the former Building Society, has its headquarters in the town and was a local employer. Most of the town is at or above 600 feet and is surrounded by the countryside of the Staffordshire Moorlands which is situated on the southern uplands of the Pennines. Leek is built on the slope and crown of a hill which is situated just a few south of the Roaches. Many Victorian period, and older, buildings stand in the town. In 1849 William Sugden came to Leek and he was an architect and his work on the design of the railway stations for the Churnet Valley Railway brought him to the area. In the following year William’s son, Larner Sugden, was born, the firm had offices in Derby Street. The building still survives, the ground floor now being occupied by Boots the Chemist, Larner was a great supporter of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, and so Leek’s development was in sympathetic hands. The architectural output from Sugden & Son was both prolific and varied and this last was probably the last joint venture of the father-and-son team because William Sugden died in 1892. The Sugden masterpiece was, perhaps, the Nicholson Institute, built in the Queen Anne style, the fact that this building is tucked away behind the 17th century ‘Greystones’ is a further indication of Larner’s regard for old buildings. Larner would not countenance demolition of the old building, and so, as the Nicholsons owned the land to the rear, in 1899 came the Technical Schools and the Co-operative Society Hall
Leek, Staffordshire
–
Leek town centre
Leek, Staffordshire
–
The River Churnet
Leek, Staffordshire
–
Brindley Water Mill
22.
Chesterfield St Helena School
–
The building now serves as an Area Education Office for Derbyshire County Council. In 1882, education for girls was considered to be of minimal importance. As a result of this, a school was set up in the Congregational Schoolroom under the supervision of Miss Walton. The school seems to have thrived, for a report of a Harvest Festival held in October 1889 states that it was held in the presence of about a hundred parents and friends. The schoolroom was appropriately decorated for the occasion and a programme of vocal and instrumental music. Prizes were presented by the Mayor, Mr. B. Douglas Esq, the Mayor proposed the vote of thanks to Miss Walton and this was seconded by Mr. Voules, Headmaster of the Grammar School. The original school building, located at East Bank, Sheffield Road, Chesterfield, the school was to remain at East Bank until 1911, and during that period secured a reputation for providing a good all-round education for its pupils. In the Midland Railway Guide of 1899 a full page advertisement was devoted to include a sufficient variety of subjects to ensure development of all the faculties of the pupils. By 1904 there were 112 pupils in the school and the number increased each term, the joint headship between Miss Wilkes and Miss Stevens came to an end when the County Council took over the responsibility for the running of the school in 1906. Miss Wilkes was designated Head Mistress and Miss Stevens Second Mistress and it was from this time that official records were kept and from these it would seem that, besides Miss Wilkes and Miss Stevens, there were nine other teachers in the school. Plans were proposed for the erection of a new, purpose built school on vacant ground opposite East Bank. Before these plans could come to fruition, the school had increased to such an extent that number 68, St Helens Street was purchased to house the kindergarten and two lower forms of the school. Intake age was 4 years for both boys and girls, the boys leaving at the age of 11 to continue their education mainly at the local Grammar School. In 1909, plans for the new buildings were passed and work started. The best materials were used, local brick from the Wasps Nest Brick Works in Brampton, masons were employed to dress the considerable quantity of stonework with the exception of the window sills which were cut by a special machine recently invented. Inside, the Assembly Hall was built to three hundred students and was to have an oak parquet floor whilst the rest of the school was to have floors of Canadian Maple parquet. There were those who regarded this huge office rising from the ground with scorn, the bottom terrace was grassed over to provide a playing field. The lower ground floor contained two covered areas built so that they could easily be converted into classrooms
Chesterfield St Helena School
–
Chesterfield St Helena School
23.
Nursing and Midwifery Council
–
The Nursing and Midwifery Council is the regulator for nursing and midwifery professions in the UK. The NMC maintains a register of all nurses, midwives and specialist community public health nurses eligible to practise within the UK and it sets and reviews standards for their education, training, conduct and performance. The NMC also investigates allegations of impaired fitness to practise and it has been a statutory body since 2002, with a stated aim to protect the health and well-being of the public. The NMC is also a charity registered with the Charity Commission, charity number 1091434 and in Scotland with the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator, all Council members are trustees of the charity. The UKCC was expected to maintain a register of UK nurses, midwives and health visitors, provide guidance to registrants, at the same time, National Boards were created for each of the UK countries. Their main functions were to monitor the quality of nursing and midwifery education courses and this structure of the UKCC survived with minor modifications up to April 2002, when the UKCC ceased to exist and its functions were taken over by a new Nursing and Midwifery Council. This was legislated for in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, through the Nursing, the English National Board was also abolished and its quality assurance function was taken on board by the NMC. The other National Boards were also abolished, but new bodies were created in country to take over their functions. The NMC Council has two key roles, setting the direction for the NMC and overseeing the work of senior NMC staff. The Council ensures that the NMC complies with all relevant legislation, including the Nursing and Midwifery Order 2001, the Council is made up of 12 lay and registrant members, including one member from each of the four UK countries. They are appointed by the Privy Council, registrant members are from a nursing or midwifery background, lay members are selected for their expertise in various fields and strategic experience. The current Council took office on 1 May 2013, the NMC has an annual income in excess of £52 million and employs over 400 staff. To fulfill the activities of the NMC it charges a fee to its members. The NMC set standards, guidance and requirements for nursing and midwifery education across the UK and these standards help to shape the content and design of programmes and state what a registered nurse or midwife needs to know and be able to do. The NMC approves higher education institutions to deliver programmes and they currently accredit 1000 programmes in 79 education institutions across the UK. If they are deemed fit to practise they will then be eligible to apply to join the register, each year the NMC receives over 22,000 newly qualified nurses and midwives from education institutions. As of October 2015 there are 685,000 nurses and midwives on the NMC register, nurses and midwives must be on the NMC register in order to practise in the UK. Anyone is able to search the NMC register, the NMC’s revised code became effective on 31 March 2015
Nursing and Midwifery Council
–
NMC Logo
24.
Kedleston
–
Kedleston is a village and civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire. It lies to the north-west of Derby, and nearby places include Quarndon, Weston Underwood, Mugginton, the population at the 2011 Census was less than 100. Details are included in the parish of Mackworth, Amber Valley. Kedleston was mentioned in the Domesday book as belonging to Henry de Ferrers and it was valued at 20 shillings. The parish church is All Saints, which is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust, robert of Courçon, English cardinal, was born here in the 12th century. The Lord Curzon of Kedleston, Viceroy of India, golf club Sundial on the church All Saints Church
Kedleston
–
All Saints' Church is the only surviving building from the original village.
Kedleston
–
Kedleston Hall
25.
Allestree
–
Allestree is a suburb and ward of the city of Derby, a unitary authority area, in Derbyshire, England. It is the northernmost ward and is situated on the A6 road and it is bordered by the district of Amber Valley along its western and northern edges and Erewash in its north-east corner. To the south it borders the ward of Mackworth and to the east the ward of Darley Abbey, Allestree village was previously part of the Earl of Northumbrias estate before the Norman Conquest and was mentioned in the Doomesday book as part of the Markeaton estate. The Allestree estate was acquired by the Mundy family in 1516, the ward now contains the remaining parts of the village of Markeaton and became a parish in its own right in 1864 and was incorporated into the Borough of Derby in 1968. The ward is residential and has two parks, Allestree Park to the north and Markeaton Park to the south. Markeaton Park is the most used leisure facility in Derby with over 1 million visitors a year. The shopping needs of the area are met with the Park Farm shopping centre which celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2013, middle Ages Before the Norman conquest Allestree was a hamlet consisting of a few scattered dwellings that was part of the holding of the Earl of Northumbria. Later it was recorded in the Domesday book of 1086 as Adelardestreu and it was given by William the Conqueror to Henry de Ferrers as a reward for his work in the Norman Conquest and later it passed to the Touchet family of Markeaton. During the 12th century most of the land changed hands and was sold to the Abbey of St Mary, in Darley, and then rented back to the Touchet family. It was purchased by Sir John Mundy along with the estates of Markeaton and Mackworth from Lord Audley in 1516, between 1660 and 1690, Derby was represented in Parliament by Roger Allestry and his son William Allestry. They took their name from the village, rather than vice versa, Allestree Village Allestree was formally a distinct rural settlement centred around St Edmunds Church, the old village centre was designated a Conservation Area by the City Council in September 1991. The designated area starts on Cornhill encompassing part of the course on Allestree Park. All houses on St Edmund Close, Siddals Lane, The Poplars and the area to the north of Church Walk are included, as well as St Edmunds Church and the adjacent Red Cow inn. The area surrounding the old village centre contains seven listed buildings, the church dates from the 12th century but all that remains of the original building is the ornately-carved Romanesque doorway. The village became a parish in its own right in 1864 and was incorporated into the Borough of Derby in 1968, parts of the civil parish of Markeaton were incorporated into Allestree in 1934. Markeaton was originally an estate that spread out through the northwest of Derby. It contained three outlying settlements that would later become Manors in their own right, Allestree, Knivedon and it was owned at the time, as was Allestree, by Earl Hugh of Chester and controlled by a member of the Touchet family. The area now within Allestree contains what is left of the old village centre, substantial development in the 1960s and 1970s led to the incorporation of Allestree into the borough of Derby in 1968
Allestree
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Allestree Hall
Allestree
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St Edmund's Church
Allestree
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University of Derby, main campus
Allestree
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Blue Plaque on Alan Bates' Allestree home.
26.
A38 road
–
The A38, part of which is also known as the Devon Expressway, is a major A-class trunk road in England. The road runs from Bodmin in Cornwall to Mansfield in Nottinghamshire and it is 292 miles long, making it the longest 2-digit A road in England. It was formerly known as the Leeds–Exeter Trunk Road, when this also included the A61. Prior to the opening of the M5 motorway in the 1960s and 1970s, considerable lengths of the road in the West Midlands closely follow Roman roads, including part of Icknield Street. Between Worcester and Birmingham the current A38 follows the line of a Saxon salt road, For most of the length of the M5 motorway, the A38 road runs alongside it as a single carriageway road. The road starts on the side of Bodmin at a junction with the A30 before traversing the edge of the town to meet the A30 again. It travels through the picturesque Glynn Valley to Dobwalls and Liskeard, the Dobwalls section contains the most sophisticated bat bridge yet constructed in the UK. The A38 continues through the Cornish countryside, bypassing the centre of Saltash, immediately after the tunnel the River Tamar is crossed using the Tamar Bridge where the route resumes dual carriageway status. It is 42 miles long and was completed in the early 1970s, there are several grade separated junctions along its length mainly for local traffic, including a three-level stacked roundabout for the A386, which heads out towards Dartmoor National Park. The route was reserved for the Parkway as early as 1943, the viaducts carrying the A38 over the River Plym, which after the construction of the Marsh Mills flyover became the Exeter bound sliproads, were built in 1969–70 as part of the Plympton bypass. This required the road to be closed for only 48 hours, the South Brent bypass opened in 1974 and the Ivybridge bypass in 1973, both on new alignments. After Ivybridge, the route parallels the original route, bypassing the village of Lee Mill which is now home to a large trading estate. The road widens to a dual carriageway for the Plympton bypass. This opened in 1971 and was the first section of the Devon Expressway to be built on a new alignment, the route originally ended at the Marsh Mills roundabout, which when opened was the largest in Europe. The section of the A38 between the A382 junction and Ashburton was built on a new alignment parallel to the old road, trago Mills, a locally well known retailer, is passed by the road. The Ashburton bypass, much like the Kennford bypass, uses the alignment of a much older 1930s single carriageway bypass, which was subsequently upgraded to dual carriageway by 1974. At the town of Buckfastleigh, the once again bypasses on a new alignment, although due to the challenging topography of the area. Some of this section follows part of the old Teign Valley Line railway, before Kennford, the route splits, with the A38 heading for Plymouth and the A380 heading towards Torbay
A38 road
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A38 passing under M50 in Worcestershire
A38 road
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A38 road
A38 road
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Bat Bridge on the A38 Dobwalls Bypass, Cornwall, UK. (2009)
A38 road
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A38 Bristol Road running through Bournbrook, Birmingham, before completion of the Selly Oak Bypass
27.
Markeaton
–
Markeaton is a suburban village within Derby in the East Midlands of England. It is in the Mackworth Ward of Derby City Council, the village lies on the narrow Markeaton Lane road. The name is derived from Old English Mearcas Farm, the spelling was Marcheton in 1086. It finally passed to John the Earl of Huntingdon and Cambridge who died in 1237, to prevent the estate passing to women, it was bought by the Crown in 1246. It was held by members of the Royal family, including the Black Prince until his death in 1376 when it returned to the Crown. In the early 14th century the Mundy Family purchased land, Sir John Mundy was Lord Mayor of the City of London in 1522, the village land was enclosed by the Mundys during the 18th century, forcing many of the villagers to move their homes outside the enclosed land. A grand house, Markeaton Hall was built in a half timbered style. Unfortunately the hall was used by the Army during World War II, the Council had continually neglected the building, which eventually was declared to be unsafe. The council decided to demolish it, leaving only the Orangery and this scenic park has over 207 acres of park land. It attracts over one million visitors each year, making it one of the most popular parks in the East Midlands,180 acres of the park were bought by the Corporation in 1930. The park had a Light Railway system operated by a diesel engine, Markeaton shares its church with the nearby village of Mackworth. This 13th-century church was fortified, one of the examples of such a church, to protect the villagers and their farm stock from raids by the Meynells. Photographs of Markeaton Park 360 degree photograph of the Orangery at Markeaton Park - QuickTime required to view
Markeaton
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Markeaton Primary School
Markeaton
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'The light railway'
28.
Buxton
–
Buxton is a spa town in Derbyshire, England. It has the highest elevation—about 960 feet above sea level—of any market town in England, close to the county boundary with Cheshire to the west and Staffordshire to the south, Buxton is described as the gateway to the Peak District National Park. Economically, Buxton is within the sphere of influence of Greater Manchester, the population of the town was 22,115 at the 2011 Census. Buxton is home to Pooles Cavern, a limestone cavern open to the public. Also in the town is the Buxton Opera House, which several music. The Devonshire Campus of the University of Derby is housed in one of the historic buildings. Buxton is twinned with two towns, Oignies in France and Bad Nauheim in Germany, the Romans developed a settlement known as Aquae Arnemetiae. The discovery of coins indicates that the Romans were in Buxton throughout their occupation, the origins of the towns name are uncertain. It may be derived from the Old English for Buck Stone or for Rocking Stone, built on the River Wye, and overlooked by Axe Edge Moor, Buxton has a history as a spa town due to its geothermal spring which rises at a constant temperature of 28 °C. The spring waters are piped to St Anns Well opposite the Crescent near the town centre. The Dukes of Devonshire have been involved with Buxton since 1780. She called Buxton La Fontagne de Bogsby, and stayed at the site of the Old Hall Hotel, the area features in the poetry of W. H. Auden and the novels of Jane Austen and Emily Brontë. Instrumental in the popularity of Buxton was the recommendation by Erasmus Darwin of the waters at Buxton, the Wedgwood family often went to Buxton on holiday and recommended the area to their friends. Two of Charles Darwins half-cousins, Edward Levett Darwin and Reginald Darwin, the arrival of the railway in 1863 stimulated the towns growth, the population of 1,800 in 1861 had grown to over 6,000 by 1881. Each summer the wells are decorated according to the tradition of well dressing. The well dressing weekend has developed into a carnival with live music. In 2013, the Academy of Urbanism named Buxton as one of the three most attractive towns in Britain, built on the boundary of the Lower Carboniferous limestone and the Upper Carboniferous shale, sandstone and gritstone, the early settlement was largely of limestone construction. The present buildings, of locally quarried sandstone, mostly date from the late 18th century, at the southern edge of the town the River Wye has carved an extensive limestone cavern, known as Pooles Cavern
Buxton
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Buxton town centre
Buxton
–
People filling up bottles with water at St Ann's Well
Buxton
–
Buxton Wells, from a 1610 map
Buxton
–
Buxton Crescent and St Ann's Well
29.
Prince Charles
–
Charles, Prince of Wales is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II. Known alternatively in South West England as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay, he is the heir apparent in British history. He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover, Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. After earning a bachelor of degree from Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1981, he married Lady Diana Spencer and they had two sons, Prince William later to become Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry, in 1996, the couple divorced, following well-publicised extramarital affairs. Diana died in a car crash in Paris the following year, in 2005, Charles married Camilla Parker Bowles. Charles has sought to raise awareness of the dangers facing the natural environment. As an environmentalist, he has received awards and recognition from environmental groups around the world. His support for alternative medicine, including homeopathy, has been criticised by some in the medical community and he has been outspoken on the role of architecture in society and the conservation of historic buildings. Subsequently, Charles created Poundbury, a new town based on his theories. He has authored a number of books, including A Vision of Britain, A Personal View of Architecture in 1989 and he was baptised in the palaces Music Room by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, on 15 December 1948. When Prince Charles was aged three his mothers accession as Queen Elizabeth II made him her heir apparent. As the monarchs eldest son, he took the titles Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince. Charles attended his mothers coronation at Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953, seated alongside his grandmother, as was customary for upper-class children at the time, a governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed and undertook his education between the ages of five and eight. Buckingham Palace announced in 1955 that Charles would attend school rather than have a private tutor, Charles then attended two of his fathers former schools, Cheam Preparatory School in Berkshire, England, followed by Gordonstoun in the north-east of Scotland. He reportedly despised the school, which he described as Colditz in kilts. Upon his return to Gordonstoun, Charles emulated his father in becoming Head Boy and he left in 1967, with six GCE O-levels and two A-levels in history and French, at grades B and C, respectively. Tradition was broken again when Charles proceeded straight from school into university
Prince Charles
–
The Prince of Wales in
Jersey, July 2012
Prince Charles
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Signature
Prince Charles
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Telegram announcing the birth of Prince Charles to the
Governor-General of New Zealand
Prince Charles
–
Queen Elizabeth II formally invests the Prince of Wales with
his coronet, 1969
30.
Richard Branson
–
Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson is an English business magnate, investor and philanthropist. He founded the Virgin Group, which more than 400 companies. Branson expressed his desire to become an entrepreneur at a young age, at the age of sixteen his first business venture was a magazine called Student. In 1970, he set up a mail-order record business, in 1972, he opened a chain of record stores, Virgin Records, later known as Virgin Megastores. Bransons Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s, as he set up Virgin Atlantic airline, in March 2000, Branson was knighted at Buckingham Palace for services to entrepreneurship. For his work in retail, music and transport, his taste for adventure, in 2002 he was named in the BBCs poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. In January 2016, Forbes listed Bransons estimated net worth at $5.2 billion, Branson was born in Blackheath, London, the eldest of three children of Eve Branson, a former ballet dancer and air hostess, and Edward James Branson, a barrister. His grandfather, the Right Honourable Sir George Arthur Harwin Branson, was a judge of the High Court of Justice, Branson was educated at Scaitcliffe School, a prep school in Berkshire, before briefly attending Cliff View House School in Sussex. His third great-grandfather, John Edward Branson, left England for India in 1793 and his father, Harry Wilkins Branson, later joined him in Madras. On the show Finding Your Roots, Branson was shown to have 3. 9% South Asian DNA, Branson attended Stowe School, an independent school in Buckinghamshire until the age of sixteen. Branson has dyslexia and had poor performance, on his last day at school, his headmaster, Robert Drayson. Bransons parents were supportive of his endeavours from an early age, One of her most successful ventures was building and selling wooden tissue boxes and wastepaper bins. Branson started his business from a church where he ran Student magazine. Branson interviewed several prominent personalities of the late 1960s for the magazine including Mick Jagger, Branson advertised popular records in The Student and it was an overnight success. Trading under the name Virgin, he records for considerably less than the High Street outlets. Branson once said, There is no point in starting your own business unless you do it out of a sense of frustration, the name Virgin was suggested by one of Bransons early employees because they were all new at business. At the time, many products were sold under restrictive marketing agreements that limited discounting, Branson eventually started a record shop in Oxford Street in London. In 1971, Branson was questioned in connection with the selling of records in Virgin stores that had been declared export stock, the matter was never brought before a court because Branson agreed to repay any unpaid tax and a fine
Richard Branson
–
Branson at the UK Drugs Policy: Taking the Lead Internationally discussion at
Chatham House, March 2015
Richard Branson
–
The Manor Studio, Richard Branson's
recording studio in the
manor house at the village of
Shipton-on-Cherwell in
Oxfordshire.
Richard Branson
–
Branson in April 2009 at the launch of Virgin America in
Orange County, California.
Richard Branson
–
Branson at the
Time 100 Gala in May 2010
31.
Chesterfield
–
Chesterfield is a market town and a borough in Derbyshire, England. It lies 24 miles north of Derby and 11 miles south of Sheffield, the borough – which includes the settlements of Whittington, Brimington and Staveley – had a population of 103,800 in 2011. Chesterfield is the second largest town in the county of Derbyshire. Archaeological examination of the town has traced its beginnings to the 1st century AD and the construction of a Roman fort, later an Anglo-Saxon village grew up on the site. The name Chesterfield derives from the Anglo-Saxon words caester and feld, Chesterfield received its market charter in 1204. It still has a moderately sized market of about 250 stalls held three days a week, the town sits on a large coalfield, which formed a major part of the areas economy until the 1980s. Little visual evidence of the remains today. The towns best known landmark is the Church of St Mary and All Saints, popularly known for its crooked spire, Chesterfield was in the Hundred of Scarsdale. The town received its charter in 1204 from King John. The charter constituted the town as a borough, granting the burgesses of Chesterfield the same privileges as those of Nottingham. In 1266, it was the site of the Battle of Chesterfield, elizabeth I granted a charter of incorporation in 1594, creating a corporation consisting of a mayor, six aldermen, six brethren, and twelve capital burgesses. This remained the governing charter until the borough was reformed under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, the borough originally consisted only of the township of Chesterfield, but it was extended in 1892 to parts of some surrounding townships. In 1920 there was an extension when the borough absorbed New Whittington. Chesterfield benefited greatly from the building of the Chesterfield Line – part of the Derby to Leeds railway, during the work, a sizeable seam of coal was discovered during the construction of the Clay Cross Tunnel. This and the local ironstone were promptly exploited by Stephenson, who set up a company in Clay Cross to trade in the minerals, during his time in Chesterfield, Stephenson lived at Tapton House, and remained there until his death in 1848. He is interred in Trinity Church, in 2006, a statue of Stephenson was erected outside Chesterfield railway station. Chesterfield is located on the confluence and valleys of the River Rother and River Hipper at the Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire Coalfield. The town also lies in the foothills of the Pennines
Chesterfield
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View of Chesterfield from
Old Brampton
Chesterfield
–
Coat of Arms of the Borough Council
Chesterfield
–
'The church in the 18th century as sketched by
Samuel Hieronymus Grimm.'
Chesterfield
–
Chesterfield Town Hall (1935-38) by
A J Hope.
32.
Listed building
–
A listed building or listed structure, in the United Kingdom, is one that has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. The statutory bodies maintaining the list are Historic England in England, Cadw in Wales, Historic Scotland in Scotland, however, the preferred term in Ireland is protected structure. In England and Wales, an amenity society must be notified of any work to a listed building which involves any element of demolition. Owners of listed buildings are, in circumstances, compelled to repair and maintain them. When alterations are permitted, or when listed buildings are repaired or maintained, slightly different systems operate in each area of the United Kingdom, though the basic principles of the listing remain the same. It was the damage to caused by German bombing during World War II that prompted the first listing of buildings that were deemed to be of particular architectural merit. The listings were used as a means of determining whether a building should be rebuilt if it was damaged by bombing. Listing was first introduced into Northern Ireland under the Planning Order 1972, the listing process has since developed slightly differently in each part of the UK. In the UK, the process of protecting the historic environment is called ‘designation’. A heritage asset is a part of the environment that is valued because of its historic. Only some of these are judged to be important enough to have legal protection through designation. However, buildings that are not formally listed but still judged as being of heritage interest are still regarded as being a consideration in the planning process. Almost anything can be listed – it does not have to be a building, Buildings and structures of special historic interest come in a wide variety of forms and types, ranging from telephone boxes and road signs, to castles. Historic England has created twenty broad categories of structures, and published selection guides for each one to aid with assessing buildings and these include historical overviews and describe the special considerations for listing each category. Both Historic Scotland and Cadw produce guidance for owners, in England, to have a building considered for listing or delisting, the process is to apply to the secretary of state, this can be done by submitting an application form online to Historic England. The applicant does not need to be the owner of the building to apply for it to be listed, full information including application form guidance notes are on the Historic England website. Historic England assesses buildings put forward for listing or delisting and provides advice to the Secretary of State on the architectural, the Secretary of State, who may seek additional advice from others, then decides whether or not to list or delist the building. In England and Wales the authority for listing is granted to the Secretary of State by the Planning Act 1990, Listed buildings in danger of decay are listed on the Historic England Heritage at Risk Register
Listed building
–
The
Forth Bridge, designed by
Sir Benjamin Baker and
Sir John Fowler, opened in 1890, and now owned by
Network Rail, is designated as a Category A listed building by
Historic Scotland.
Listed building
–
Buckingham Palace, the official London residence of the British monarch, listed Grade I.
Listed building
–
Royal Festival Hall, London was the first postwar building to gain Grade I-listed status.
Listed building
–
The Grade I listed
King's College London Chapel on the Strand Campus seen today was redesigned in 1864 by
Sir George Gilbert Scott
33.
The Devonshire Dome
–
The Devonshire Royal Hospital building is a Grade II* listed 18th-century former stable block in Buxton, Derbyshire. It was built by John Carr of York and extended by architect Robert Rippon Duke and it is now the site of the Devonshire campus of the University of Derby. Built between 1780 and 1789, the building was designed by John Carr of York for William Cavendish. Octagonal in shape, it housed up to 110 horses and the servants of the guests of the Crescent Hotel, the Devonshire estate architect, Henry Currey, architect for St Thomas’s Hospital in London, converted two thirds of the building into a hospital. Local architect Robert Rippon Duke was commissioned to design a 300-bed hospital to rival Bath, the Cotton Districts Convalescent fund put up £25,000 for the conversion. The steel structure was clad in slate, and proposed to be supported by 22 curved steel arms, however, during construction the Tay Bridge disaster occurred on 28 December 1879, and so the number of arms was revised upwards. Railway engineer Mr Footner advised that the designers of the Tay Rail Bridge had not taken into account the stresses of lateral wind and storms. Further changes were undertaken, with the tower and lodge completed in 1882, surgical wards in 1897, spa baths in 1913. The building became known as the Devonshire Royal Hospital in 1934, the Devonshire Royal was the last of the eight hydropathic hospitals in England to close when it closed in 2000. On 31 January 2001, the University of Derby acquired the Devonshire Royal Hospital, the University received £4. 7m Heritage Lottery Fund backing for the restoration and redevelopment project. Included in Rippon Dukes design what was the worlds largest unsupported dome with a diameter of 44.2 metres, it surpassed that of the Pantheon and St Peters Basilica in Rome, the dome has a floor area of 1, 534m2. Refurbished and reopened in 2003, the building and its surrounding Victorian era villas are now part of the University of Derby. It is being used routinely as a venue, and exhibition space. Open to the public, the space houses cafés, shops, restaurants and study spaces, the original spa of the hydropathic hospital has been reopened as a commercial spa centre offering a range of treatments and as a training venue for spa management and therapists. On 23 October 2015, the venue played host to Jack Masseys defeat of Gogita Gorgiladze for the vacant WBC Youth Silver Title, University of Derby, Buxton At The Dome Website Newsreel showing soldiers undergoing treatment in 1916
The Devonshire Dome
–
The Devonshire Dome
The Devonshire Dome
–
Interior
34.
6th Duke of Devonshire
–
William George Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire KG, PC, styled Marquess of Hartington until 1811, was a British peer, courtier, nobleman, and Whig politician. Known as the Bachelor Duke, he was Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1827 and 1828 and again between 1830 and 1834, the Cavendish banana is named after him. Born in Paris, France, Devonshire was the son of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire and he was educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He lost both his parents while still in his youth, his mother died in 1806 and his father in 1811 when, aged 21, along with the title, he inherited eight stately homes and some 200,000 acres of land. Politically Devonshire followed in the Whig family tradition and he supported Catholic emancipation, the abolition of slavery and reduced factory working hours. He held office as Lord Chamberlain of the Household under George Canning, in 1827 he was sworn of the Privy Council and made a Knight of the Garter. He was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary to the Russian Empire on the coronation of Czar Nicholas I in 1826, Devonshire was also Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire between 1811 and 1858 and carried the Orb at the coronation of George IV in 1821. However, increasing deafness from an early age prevented him taking an even greater part in public life. Devonshire had a major interest in gardening and horticulture, and devoted himself sedulously to the care and nurture of his vast estates and his major projects including the wholesale rebuilding of the village of Edensor, and significant improvement to his several stately houses and their gardens. Paxton greatly expanded the gardens at Chatsworth, including the construction of a 277 foot long conservatory, Devonshire, himself a keen horticulturalist, was elected President of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1838, a position in which he served for twenty years until his death. It was this interest which led him to establish the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew as a botanic garden. The worlds most commercially exploited banana, the Cavendish, was named in his honour and he had acquired an early specimen, which he raised in his glasshouse, and this plant is the progenitor of almost all the worldwide varieties of Cavendish banana. Devonshire was also patron of The Derby Town and County Museum, in that position, he was instrumental in the creation of the Derby Museum and Art Gallery in 1836. Devonshire was a friend of the Prince Regent. Other friends included Antonio Canova and Charles Dickens, much of Devonshires private correspondence, including letters to his mistresses, was destroyed by his Victorian relatives. He intended to marry Lady Caroline Ponsonby, his cousin, but she married William Lamb, Devonshire died at Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, in January 1858, aged 67 and left an estate valued at £500,000 in his will. As he was unmarried the dukedom passed to his cousin William Cavendish and his junior title of Baron Clifford fell into abeyance between his sisters, Georgiana, Countess of Carlisle, and Harriet, Countess Granville. James Lees-Milne, The Bachelor Duke, Life of William Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire, ISBN 0-7195-4920-5 Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Devonshire
6th Duke of Devonshire
–
The Duke of Devonshire by
Sir Thomas Lawrence
6th Duke of Devonshire
–
St Peter's Churchyard, Edensor - grave of William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire KG, PC (1790–1858)
35.
Henry Currey (architect)
–
Henry Currey was an English architect and surveyor. He was born in October 1820, the son of a solicitor, Benjamin Currey of Old Palace Yard. He married Emily Harriet Rugge-Price in Spring Grove, London on 2 April 1845, Emily, born in 1818 and two years Henrys senior, was the daughter of Sir Charles Rugge-Price. There were four children from the marriage, Annette, Charles, Henrietta and Percival, educated at Dr Pinckneys School at East Sheen and at Eton College, where he rowed in the school eight against Westminster, Currey was articled to the architect Decimus Burton for five years. He then worked for five years at the office of William Cubitt and Company of Grays Inn Road and he was also the architect and surveyor to Corams Foundling Hospital and to the Magdalen Hospital in London. He was a Fellow of the RIBA from 1856 and served as its vice-president in 1874–77 and he was also a fellow of the Surveyors Institute and an associate of the Institute of Civil Engineers. In 1859, he was appointed by the 7th Duke of Devonshire, the gables and dormer windows of many of the large houses in the same part of Eastbourne also bear witness to his style of architecture. Between 1874 and 1875, he designed the Winter Garden and Pavilion in Devonshire Park, nearby is the Devonshire Park Theatre, in Italianate style, a building which was influenced by his travels to Italy in the early 1860s. The Queens Hotel on Marine Parade was his largest single project in the town, the building took a mere 11 months to erect and opened for guests in June 1880. The hotel stands in a prominent position opposite the pier and enjoys views to Hastings. Between 1881 and 1883, he designed the Bedfordwell Pumping Station for the Eastbourne Waterworks Company, the yellow- and red-brick Classical-style building was listed at Grade II in March 2014. His Kentish ragstone and Bath Stone St Peters Church, again in the Lower Meads area of the town, was completed in 1895 in Early English Gothic Revival style and it was, however, made redundant and demolished in 1971. He died at his home, The Chestnuts, Lawrie Park, Sydenham on 23 November 1900 and was buried in West Norwood Cemetery
Henry Currey (architect)
–
Henry Currey’s Grade II listed Devonshire Park Theatre in Eastbourne
36.
Computer forensics
–
Computer forensics is a branch of digital forensic science pertaining to evidence found in computers and digital storage media. Although it is most often associated with the investigation of a variety of computer crime. The discipline involves similar techniques and principles to data recovery, Evidence from computer forensics investigations is usually subjected to the same guidelines and practices of other digital evidence. It has been used in a number of cases and is becoming widely accepted as reliable within U. S. In the early 1980s personal computers became more accessible to consumers, at the same time, several new computer crimes were recognized. The discipline of computer forensics emerged during this time as a method to recover, since then computer crime and computer related crime has grown, and has jumped 67% between 2002 and 2003. Today it is used to investigate a variety of crime, including child pornography, fraud, espionage, cyberstalking, murder. The scope of an analysis can vary from simple information retrieval to reconstructing a series of events. In a 2002 book Computer Forensics authors Kruse and Heiser define computer forensics as involving the preservation, identification, extraction, documentation and interpretation of computer data. They go on to describe the discipline as more of an art than a science, indicating that forensic methodology is backed by flexibility and extensive domain knowledge. However, while several methods can be used to evidence from a given computer the strategies used by law enforcement are fairly rigid. In court, computer forensic evidence is subject to the requirements for digital evidence. This requires that information be authentic, reliably obtained, and admissible, different countries have specific guidelines and practices for evidence recovery. In the United Kingdom, examiners often follow Association of Chief Police Officers guidelines that help ensure the authenticity and integrity of evidence, while voluntary, the guidelines are widely accepted in British courts. Towards the end of period, Rader sent letters to the police on a floppy disk. Metadata within the documents implicated an author named Dennis at Christ Lutheran Church, joseph E. Duncan III, A spreadsheet recovered from Duncans computer contained evidence that showed him planning his crimes. Prosecutors used this to show premeditation and secure the death penalty, sharon Lopatka, Hundreds of emails on Lopatkas computer lead investigators to her killer, Robert Glass. Corcoran Group, This case confirmed parties duties to preserve digital evidence when litigation has commenced or is reasonably anticipated, hard drives were analyzed by a computer forensics expert who could not find relevant emails the Defendants should have had
Computer forensics
–
Forensic science
Computer forensics
–
Computer forensics analysis is not limited only to computer media
Computer forensics
–
A portable Tableau write blocker attached to a
Hard Drive
37.
Computer security
–
A vulnerability is a system susceptibility or flaw. Many vulnerabilities are documented in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures database, an exploitable vulnerability is one for which at least one working attack or exploit exists. They may exist for a number of reasons, including by original design or from poor configuration, denial of service attacks are designed to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users. An unauthorized user gaining physical access to a computer is most likely able to copy data from it. They may also compromise security by making operating system modifications, installing software worms, keyloggers, even when the system is protected by standard security measures, these may be able to be by-passed by booting another operating system or tool from a CD-ROM or other bootable media. Disk encryption and Trusted Platform Module are designed to prevent these attacks, eavesdropping is the act of surreptitiously listening to a private conversation, typically between hosts on a network. For instance, programs such as Carnivore and NarusInsight have been used by the FBI, spoofing, in general, is a fraudulent or malicious practice in which communication is sent from an unknown source disguised as a source known to the receiver. Spoofing is most prevalent in communication mechanisms lack a high level of security. Tampering describes a malicious modification of products, so-called Evil Maid attacks and security services planting of surveillance capability into routers are examples. Privilege escalation describes a situation where an attacker with some level of restricted access is able to, without authorization, elevate their privileges or access level. So for example a computer user may be able to fool the system into giving them access to restricted data. Phishing is the attempt to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, phishing is typically carried out by email spoofing or instant messaging, and it often directs users to enter details at a fake website whose look and feel are almost identical to the legitimate one. Preying on a victims trust, phishing can be classified as a form of social engineering and this is done using multiple transparent or opaque layers. The attacker is basically hijacking the clicks meant for the top level page and routing them to some other irrelevant page, a similar technique can be used to hijack keystrokes. Social engineering aims to convince a user to disclose secrets such as passwords, card numbers, etc. by, for example, impersonating a bank, a common scam involves fake CEO emails sent to accounting and finance departments. In early 2016, the FBI reported that the scam has cost US businesses more than $2bn in about two years, Computer security is critical in almost any industry which uses computers. However, computers can be protected through well built software and hardware, by having strong internal interactions of properties, software complexity can prevent software crash and security failure. In-store payment systems and ATMs have also been tampered with in order to gather customer account data, computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks
Computer security
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Common consumer devices that can be used to transfer data surreptitiously.
38.
Cisco Systems
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Through its numerous acquired subsidiaries, such as OpenDNS, WebEx, and Jasper, Cisco specializes into specific tech markets, such as Internet of Things, domain security, and energy management. Cisco is the largest networking company in the world, the stock was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8,2009, and is also included in the S&P500 Index, the Russell 1000 Index, NASDAQ-100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index. By the time the company went public in 1990, when it was listed on the NASDAQ, Cisco was the most valuable company in the world by 2000, with a more than $500 billion market capitalization. Despite founding Cisco in 1984, Bosack, along with Kirk Lougheed, continued to work at Stanford on Ciscos first product and it consisted of exact replicas of Stanfords Blue Box router and a stolen copy of the Universitys multiple-protocol router software. The software was written some years earlier at Stanford medical school by research engineer William Yeager. Bosack and Lougheed adapted it into what became the foundation for Cisco IOS, in 1987, Stanford licensed the router software and two computer boards to Cisco. In addition to Bosack, Lerner and Lougheed, Greg Satz, a programmer, and Richard Troiano, the companys first CEO was Bill Graves, who held the position from 1987 to 1988. In 1988, John Morgridge was appointed CEO, the name Cisco was derived from the city name San Francisco, which is why the companys engineers insisted on using the lower case cisco in its early years. The logo is intended to depict the two towers of the Golden Gate Bridge, on February 16,1990, Cisco Systems went public and was listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. On August 28,1990, Lerner was fired, upon hearing the news, her husband Bosack resigned in protest. The couple walked away from Cisco with $170 million, 70% of which was committed to their own charity, although Cisco was not the first company to develop and sell dedicated network nodes, it was one of the first to sell commercially successful routers supporting multiple network protocols. Classical, CPU-based architecture of early Cisco devices coupled with flexibility of operating system IOS allowed for keeping up with evolving technology needs by means of frequent software upgrades, some popular models of that time managed to stay in production for almost a decade virtually unchanged—a rarity in high-tech industry. This philosophy dominated the companys product lines throughout the 1990s, in 1995, John Morgridge was succeeded by John Chambers. The phenomenal growth of the Internet in mid-to-late 1990s quickly changed the telecom landspe, as the Internet Protocol became widely adopted, the importance of multi-protocol routing declined. In late March 2000, at the height of the bubble, Cisco became the most valuable company in the world. In July 2014, with a cap of about US$129 billion. One of them, Juniper Networks, shipped their first product in 1999, Cisco answered the challenge with homegrown ASICs and fast processing cards for GSR routers and Catalyst 6500 switches. In 2004, Cisco also started migration to new high-end hardware CRS-1, as part of a massive rebranding campaign in 2006, Cisco Systems adopted the shortened name Cisco and created The Human Network advertising campaign
Cisco Systems
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One of the many buildings on the Cisco Systems campus in San Jose
Cisco Systems
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Cisco Systems, Inc.
Cisco Systems
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A Cisco facility in
Chennai,
India. India is one of the company's largest overseas markets and production centers.
Cisco Systems
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Portuguese President
Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Cisco CEO
John Chambers, and Cisco Sr. Director of Corporate Innovation
Helder Antunes.
39.
Imagine Cup
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Imagine Cup is an annual competition sponsored and hosted by Microsoft Corp. which brings together young technologists worldwide to help resolve some of the worlds toughest challenges. It is considered as Olympics of Technology by young technologists and is considered one of the top competitions, the Imagine Cup comprises two major technology competitions, including Software Design, and Game Design. All Imagine Cup competitors create projects that address the Imagine Cup theme, started in 2003, it has steadily grown in size, with more than 358,000 competitors representing 183 countries and regions in 2011. The Imagine Cup Worldwide finals have been all over the globe. The Imagine Cup 2017 Worldwide Finals will be held in Seattle, the Imagine Cup began in 2003 with approximately 1,000 competitors from 25 countries and regions and has grown to more than 358,000 competitors representing 183 countries and regions in 2011. The Imagine Cup Worldwide finals have been all over the globe. The Imagine Cup 2014 Worldwide Finals were held in Seattle, USA,2003, Barcelona, Spain - Theme, Link between people, information, systems, and devices, using Web services and. NET as the springboard. 2004, São Paulo, Brazil - Theme, Imagine a world where smart technology makes everyday life easier,2005, Yokohama, Japan - Theme, Imagine a world where technology dissolves the boundaries between us. 2006, Agra & Delhi, India - Theme, Imagine a world where technology enables us to live healthier lives,2007, Seoul, South Korea - Theme, Imagine a world where technology enables a better education for all. 2008, Paris, France - Theme, Imagine a world where technology enables a sustainable environment,2009, Cairo, Egypt - Theme, Imagine a world where technology helps solve the worlds toughest problems. 2010, Warsaw, Poland - Theme, Imagine a world where technology helps solve the worlds toughest problems,2011, New York City, United States - Theme, Imagine a world where technology helps solve the worlds toughest problems. 2012, Sydney, Australia - Theme, Imagine a world where technology helps solve the worlds toughest problems. 2013, St. Petersburg, Russia - Theme, All dreams are now welcome. ”Competitions, Software Design, using Microsoft tools and technology, competitors create software applications. Participants develop, test, and build their ideas into applications that can change the world, Game Design, The Game Design Competition challenges participants to create a new game that illustrates the Imagine Cup theme. There are a number of competitions and challenges within the Imagine Cup, the Software Design category is the primary competition in which its winners take home the Imagine Cup trophy. Each year, between 2006–2008, six teams were selected for the Innovation Accelerator program, in 2010, Microsoft began inviting every Imagine Cup team to participate in its new program for startups, Microsoft BizSpark. With this program, startups receive access to current, full-featured software development tools, Microsoft will also connect grant recipients with its network of investors, nongovernmental organization partners and business partners. Imagine Cup participants from around the world who won their regional competitions in 2010 have been recognized by their government leaders, in October 2010, two Imagine Cup 2010 United States finalists were invited to participate in the White House Science Fair
Imagine Cup
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Mistory group - 2015
Imagine Cup
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A team of competitors from
Portugal - Imagine Cup Poland, 2010
40.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
The Guardian
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The Guardian front page on 6 June 2014
The Guardian
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The Guardian senior news writer Esther Addley interviewing Ecuadorian Foreign Minister
Ricardo Patiño for this article relating to
Julian Assange (August 2014)
The Guardian
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The Guardian's HQ in
London
The Guardian
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The Guardian' s Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian
41.
Republic of Malawi
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Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, Malawi is over 118,000 km2 with an estimated population of 16,777,547. Its capital is Lilongwe, which is also Malawis largest city, the second largest is Blantyre, the third is Mzuzu, the name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area. The country is also nicknamed The Warm Heart of Africa, Malawi is among the smallest countries in Africa. Lake Malawi takes about a third of Malawis area, the area of Africa now known as Malawi was settled by migrating Bantu groups around the 10th century. Centuries later in 1891 the area was colonised by the British, in 1953 Malawi, then known as Nyasaland, a protectorate of the United Kingdom, became a protectorate within the semi-independent Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The Federation was dissolved in 1963, in 1964 the protectorate over Nyasaland was ended and Nyasaland became an independent country under Queen Elizabeth II with the new name Malawi. Two years later it became a republic, upon gaining independence it became a one-party state under the presidency of Hastings Banda, who remained president until 1994, when he lost an election. Arthur Peter Mutharika is the current president, Malawi has a democratic, multi-party government. The country has a Malawian Defence Force that includes an army, a navy, Malawi is among the worlds least-developed countries. The economy is based in agriculture, with a largely rural population. The Malawian government depends heavily on aid to meet development needs. The Malawian government faces challenges in building and expanding the economy, improving education, healthcare, environmental protection, Malawi has a low life expectancy and high infant mortality. There is a prevalence of HIV/AIDS, which is a drain on the labour force. There is a population of native peoples, Asians and Europeans, with several languages spoken. Although there was periodic regional conflict fuelled in part by ethnic divisions in the past, by 2008 it had diminished considerably and the concept of a Malawian nationality had re-emerged. The area of Africa now known as Malawi had a small population of hunter-gatherers before waves of Bantu peoples began emigrating from the north around the 10th century. Although most of the Bantu peoples continued south, some remained permanently, by 1500 AD, the tribes had established the Kingdom of Maravi that reached from north of what is now Nkhotakota to the Zambezi River and from Lake Malawi to the Luangwa River in what is now Zambia
Republic of Malawi
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1897
British Central Africa stamp issued by the United Kingdom
Republic of Malawi
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Flag
Republic of Malawi
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Malawi's first Prime Minister and later
President for Life, Dr.
Hastings Banda (left), with Tanzania's President
Nyerere
Republic of Malawi
–
Peter Mutharika, President of Malawi.
42.
The Chartered Institute of Marketing
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CIM UK is the British Council qualified professional association for Marketers in the UK. Its particular emphasis is on developing the Marketing and Sales profession within the UK, CIM is the largest Professional Marketing body in the world, with more than 35,000 members and students across the world. CIM exists to both the marketing and sales professions, maintain professional standards and improve the skills of marketing. It does this by providing membership, qualifications and training to marketing and sales professionals, CIM was founded as the Sales Managers Association in 1911. In 1921 it was incorporated as ISMA, and in 1928 it held its first professional exams, in October 1936 it applied for a royal charter. In 1960 ISMA changed its name to the Institute of Marketing and Sales Management, since being granted the authority to award Chartered Marketer status by The Queens Privy Council in 1998, CIM has been awarding Chartered status. The organization was awarded charitable status in 2001, but this was removed in 2004, the separate Chartered Institute Of Marketing Benevolent Fund is a registered charity. Passed the institutes 12 qualifying examinations, including integrated case study exams under 2015 syllabus The CIM Marketing Excellence Awards recognise marketing programs
The Chartered Institute of Marketing
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CIM's current corporate logo
43.
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
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Founded in 1904, the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants is the global professional accounting body offering the Chartered Certified Accountant qualification. From June 2016, ACCA recorded that it has 188,000 members and 480,000 students in 178 countries, ACCAs headquarters are in London with principal administrative office in Glasgow. ACCA works through a network of 100 offices and centres and more than 7,100 Approved Employers worldwide, the term Chartered in ACCA qualification refers to the Royal Charter granted in 1974. Chartered Certified Accountant is a protected term. The Association of Authorised Public Accountants, one of the British professional bodies for public accountants, has been a subsidiary of ACCA since 1996, ACCA works in the public interest, assuring that its members are appropriately regulated. ACCA actively seeks to enhance the value of accounting in society through international research and it takes progressive stances on global issues to ensure accountancy as a profession continues to grow in reputation and influence. As of 2006, the goal of ACCA is to become the world’s largest global professional body, key dates in ACCA history include,1930, London Association of Accountants successfully campaigns for the right to audit companies. 1933, London Association of Accountants renamed London Association of Certified Accountants,1939, Corporation of Accountants merges with London Association of Certified Accountants to become the Association of Certified and Corporate Accountants. 1941, Institution of Certified Public Accountants merges with Association of Certified,1971, Association of Certified and Corporate Accountants renamed Association of Certified Accountants. 1974, Royal Charter Queen Elizabeth II,1974, ACCA becomes one of six founding members of the Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies. 1977, ACCA becomes a member of the International Federation of Accountants. 1984, Association of Certified Accountants renamed Chartered Association of Certified Accountants,1995, ACCA members vote at an extraordinary general meeting to rename itself Association of Chartered Public Accountants and to introduce the designation Chartered Public Accountant. The Privy Council subsequently rejected this proposal over concerns about the term public and it did however agree that any accountancy body bearing a royal charter could use chartered as part of its designation. 1996, Chartered Association of Certified Accountants renamed Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, members become entitled to use the title Chartered Certified Accountant. The Association of Authorised Public Accountants became a subsidiary of ACCA, ACCA was a participant in the consultative group that devised this global Benchmark. 2001, ACCA received a Queens Award for Enterprise in International Trade, recognising ACCAs growth,2002, ACCA received its second Queens Award for Enterprise in the space of 12 months, in the Sustainable Development category. The award recognized ACCAs continuing work on social and environmental issues,2009, ACCA members allowed to provide probate services as of 1 August under Probate Services Order 2009 Number 1588. 2011 to 2012, ACCA is the first accountancy body to publish an integrated report 2014, ACCA members, the ACCA professional examinations are offered worldwide four times yearly, in March, June, September and December as paper-based exams
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
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Its outdoor introduction
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
–
Logo of the ACCA
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
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Accounting
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
–
29
Lincoln's Inn Fields
44.
Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
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The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants is a UK based professional body offering training and qualification in management accountancy and related subjects. It is focused on working in industry, and provides ongoing support. CIMA is one of the professional associations for accountants in the UK and its particular emphasis is on developing the management accounting profession. CIMA is the largest management accounting body in the world more than 227,000 members. CIMA is also a member of the International Federation of Accountants, CIMA was founded in 1919 as The Institute of Cost and Works Accountants. It specialised in the development of accounting techniques for use in the control of manufacturing, service. It developed a position as the professional body in the areas of product costing, budgeting, management accounting, investment appraisal. In October 1944, the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants organisation in Ireland was formed and its membership has grown from 15,000 in 1970 to 79,757 members and 92,909 students in 2009. CIMA operates a scheme of qualifying examinations for prospective members. CIMA has been active in recent educational and vocational initiatives in former Eastern bloc countries and it publishes a monthly journal, supplied free to members and registered students, called Financial Management. CIMA is recognised as an accounting body for various statutory purposes by UK. The institute regulates the activities of its members by a code of practice, a discipline committee and its governing body is its council, comprising members elected from regional branches. Each of the branches has a committee and is responsible for much of the grass roots activity, activity such as qualification development is undertaken from the London head office. In July 2009, CIMA added an online community – CIMAsphere – to its website, the community consisted of a range of blogs, discussion boards, groups, community answers, expert Q&A sessions and some social networking features for members, students and the general public. This has since shut down. Members are instead encouraged to join the CIMA LinkedIn group, and students are directed to CIMAconnect, in the Americas outside the U. S. non-U. S. CPAs can obtain the new designation as an AICPA International Associate, in the rest of the world, new designation holders are able to become members of CIMA after the same assessment process. The result of research from across 20 countries in five continents, to become a Fellow, a candidate ACMA must, in addition, have appropriate experience at a senior level
Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
–
CIMA's current corporate logo
45.
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development
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The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development is a professional association for human resource management professionals. It is headquartered in Wimbledon, London, England, the organisation was founded in 1913 - it is the worlds oldest association in its field and has over 135,000 members internationally working across private, public and voluntary sectors. Peter Cheese was announced in June 2012 as CIPDs new CEO from July 2012, in the United Kingdom factory inspectors were appointed for the first time in 1893. In 1896 to look after its women and child workers Rowntrees appointed their first inspector - a Mrs E M Wood. Edward Cadbury of Cadbury Brothers in 1909 called together employers to discuss industrial welfare work, the work of welfare workers came to public attention during a trade show in 1912 at Olympia in London. The forerunner of the CIPD, the Welfare Workers Association was formed at a conference in York on 6 June 1913. The meeting was chaired by Seebohm Rowntree, alongside his company, Rowntrees around fifty other companies were present including, Boots, Cadbury and Chivers and Sons. Thirty-four of the employers present decided that the WWA be founded as. an association of employers interested in industrial betterment and this led to the rapid expansion of female welfare workers. The Associations position was enhanced during the war years by nationally driven encouragement of workers to join trade unions to reduce the occurrence of industrial strife. In 1918, to avoid confusion as to its purpose the Association changed its name to the Central Association of Welfare Workers, another important event which had a recurring impact on the activities of the CAWWI occurred in 1918 when the Rev. From the outset there was a relationship between the two bodies which continued right through the inter-war period until resolved in 1946. The IWS later became the Industrial Society and is now known as the Work Foundation, in November 1919, following merger with welfare associations for men the Central Association of Welfare Workers was renamed the Welfare Workers Institute and now had a membership of 700. However, the five years saw a reduction in membership to 250 coinciding with the rapid collapse in industrial output as the government sought to reduce the national debt. Again in 1924 on incorporation the organisation changed its name to the Institute of Industrial Welfare Workers, minnie Louise Haskins, the author of the famous poem The Gate of the Year and a lecturer at LSE, was closely involved with the IIWW and edited its monthly bulletin. Members of the experienced new demands during the 1930s. Firstly, economic growth resulted in a shortfall in skilled labour as companies competed to recruit workers, secondly, this was followed by lay-offs and industrial action as a world-wide depression took hold, particularly in the industrially-focussed north of England. This influence also had the effect of increasing the number of members of the institute which significantly shifted the gender balance of the membership. In 1938 the first of the branches opened in the Republic of Ireland
Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development
–
CIPD
46.
Institute of Leadership and Management
–
The Institute of Leadership & Management is a professional membership body for leaders and managers around the world. Its mission is to great leadership - everywhere. Membership of the Institute of Leadership & Management is open to leaders and managers of all levels, there is trial membership — for individuals taking ILM qualifications. Some organisations that are involved with development, such as The Scout Association also highlight the availability of membership. Five grades of membership entitle the member to use post-nominal letters - Affiliate, Associate Member, Member, Fellow, the highest grade is Companionship — for senior executives selected by the Institute. Membership is validated by a membership certificate and membership card. The institute takes an approach, preferring to work with like-minded individuals and organisations in defining research topics. Developed over many years of research and insight into best practice and these ILM qualifications are practically based, designed to complement the individual’s role at work. ILM also offers NVQs, these include the Level 5 NVQ in Management, other specialist qualifications cover skills in volunteer management, business start-up, coaching, and personnel management. All ILM qualifications have been accredited by the Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation, leading Edge is the Institutes quarterly in-house magazine, looking at the latest leadership and management issues. The Institute of Supervision and Management was founded in 1947 by J. K. Evans M. B. E, the Institute is a charity registered in England, Wales and Scotland, with its head office in Tamworth, Staffordshire and members in countries across the world
Institute of Leadership and Management
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Institute of Leadership & Management
Institute of Leadership and Management
–
The London office of the Institute of Leadership & Management
47.
Derby Museum and Art Gallery
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Derby Museum and Art Gallery was established in 1879, along with Derby Central Library, in a new building designed by Richard Knill Freeman and given to Derby by Michael Thomas Bass. The collection includes a gallery displaying paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby, there is also a large display of Royal Crown Derby and other porcelain from Derby. Further displays include archaeology, natural history, geology and military collections, the Art Gallery was opened in 1882. The museum can trace its start to the formation of the Derby Town and County Museum, the society was housed by Full Street Public Baths but it was a private society funded by its members subscriptions. Its collections were created by donations initially from Dr Forrester who had been a President of Derby Philosophical Society, the patron of the Museum Society was William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire, and the President was Sir George Crewe who was a keen naturalist. Col. George Gawler contributed a collection of minerals and exotic stuffed birds which included an albatross from his time as governor in South Australia, in 1839 a major exhibition was held at the Mechanics Institute which contained many items including those from Joseph Strutts collection. Many of these made their way into Derby Museums collection, the society moved in 1840 to the Athenaeum in Victoria Street. The societys collections grew in 1856 and they were first offered for incorporation into the town by William Mundy, in 1857, Llewellyn Jewitt became secretary and the museum was opened to the general public on Saturday mornings. In 1858 the Derby Philosophical Society moved to a house on the Wardwick in Derby as it merged with what was called the Derby Town and County Museum and this move included the societys library of 4,000 volumes, mathematical and scientific apparatus and its collection of fossils. In 1863 the botanist Alexander Croall was appointed the first Librarian and Curator, Croall left in 1875 to become the curator of the Smith Institute in Stirling. The Derby Town and County Museum was finally transferred into the ownership of Derby Corporation in 1870, after placing all the artefacts into storage for three years, the museum was finally opened to the public on 28 June 1879. The Art Gallery opened in 1882 and in 1883 the museum had electricity supplied for new lighting, in 1936 the museum was given a substantial collection of paintings by Alfred E. Goodey who had been collecting art for 50 years. At his death in 1945 he left £13,000 to build an extension to the museum, the extension, which now houses the museum, was completed in 1964. Refurbishment to parts of both the new and old buildings were undertaken in 2010–11, Derby was significant in the eighteenth century for its role in the Enlightenment, a period in which science and philosophy challenged the divine right of kings to rule. The Lunar Society included Erasmus Darwin, Matthew Boulton, Joseph Priestley, Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles Darwin, started the Derby Philosophical Society when he moved to Derby in 1783. It was this society which helped to found the first library in Derby, some of the paintings by Joseph Wright of Derby, which are renowned for their use of light and shade, are of Lunar Society members. The Derby Gallery possesses over 300 sketches and 34 oil paintings by Wright, one of the paintings is entitled The Alchymist in Search of the Philosophers Stone and it depicts the discovery of the element phosphorus by German alchemist Hennig Brand in 1669. A flask into which a quantity of urine has been boiled down is seen bursting into light as the phosphorus
Derby Museum and Art Gallery
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The 1964 extension to the original building houses the museum and art gallery in 2008
Derby Museum and Art Gallery
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The 1876 building mostly houses
Derby Central Library today but the dividing line with newer building varies
Derby Museum and Art Gallery
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A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery, by Joseph Wright, 1766
Derby Museum and Art Gallery
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The Alchemist in Search of the Philosopher's Stone, by
Joseph Wright, 1771
48.
BBC Radio Derby
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The station broadcasts from its studios in Derby on 104.5,95.3 and 96.0 FM and 1116 AM. It also transmits its programmes over the internet, and, as of 23 July 2014, BBC Radio Derby began broadcasting officially on 29 April 1971, though it went on air two months earlier than planned to cover the bankruptcy of the local aero-engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce. The stations logo was a Rams head in the late 1980s, much of the stations output is speech based, featuring news, sport, weather, travel, interviews, and discussions, mixed in with music and competitions. The stations primary audience is aimed at listeners aged over 45, though the sports, after 7 pm each weekday, Radio Derby simulcasts regional and networked programming with other BBC Local Radio stations until 1 am, when it simulcasts overnight output from BBC Radio 5 Live. BBC Radio Derby broadcasts match commentaries from local teams, especially Derby County. There is also coverage of Derbyshire cricket during the summer. BBC Radio Derby was also named Station of the Year in the 2009 BBC local radio station Gillard awards and this service used to come from the Sutton Coldfield transmitter. There is a transmitter for the Bakewell and Matlock areas based at Stanton Moor on 95.3 FM, BBC Radio Sheffield is also clearly heard around Chesterfield with a dedicated relay station based in the town. Though in Derbyshire, Chesterfield and its area is officially catered for by Peak FM. Likewise, the portion of the county taking in Glossop, Chapel. In addition, all of BBC Radio Derbys area is served via its medium wave service on 1116 kHz which comes from its transmitting mast at Burnaston, just south of the city, close to the Toyota car plant. Buxton also has a relay with regional programming from the North West and BBC national FM services. The stations main BBC National DAB transmitter is located in Quarndon, on the outskirts of Derby, a second transmitter, located in Lichfield, began operating in the early hours of 19 November 2014, in order to provide DAB coverage to the South Derbyshire and East Staffordshire areas. The third transmitter, located in North Derbyshire alongside the existing 95.3 FM transmitter at Stanton Moor, in addition, Digital One have a transmitter in Chesterfield. Services over most of the come from the nearest BBC DAB transmitters at Sutton Coldfield and Waltham. North East Derbyshire and Chesterfield listeners can pick up intermittent reception of Yorkshire-based local and regional DAB services from a transmitter in Sheffield. In addition to services, BBC Radio Derby will be transmitted on the multiplex from five transmitter sites of Chesterfield, Drum Hill, Tibshelf, Stanton Moor. There are also long term plans for further transmitters at Buxton, Ashbourne and it is also available through television on Freeview Channel 735
BBC Radio Derby
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BBC Radio Derby's former broadcast bus used to travel around the area supporting transmissions and special events.
BBC Radio Derby
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BBC Radio Derby's medium wave transmitter at Burnaston.
49.
Kedleston Hall
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Today it is a National Trust property. The Curzon family have owned the estate at Kedleston since at least 1297 and have lived in a succession of houses near to or on the site of the present Kedleston Hall. The present house was commissioned by Sir Nathaniel Curzon in 1759, the house was designed by the Palladian architects James Paine and Matthew Brettingham and was loosely based on an original plan by Andrea Palladio for the never-built Villa Mocenigo. The design of the house is of three blocks linked by two segmentally curved corridors. The ground floor is rusticated, while the floors are of smooth-dressed stone. The central, largest block contains the rooms and was intended for use only when there were important guests in the house. Plans for two pavilions of identical size, and similar appearance were not executed. These further wings were intended to contain, in the south east a music room, externally these latter pavilions would have differed from their northern counterparts by large glazed Serlian windows on the piano nobile of their southern facades. Here the blocks were to appear as of two floors only, a mezzanine was to have been disguised in the north of the music room block, the linking galleries here were also to contain larger windows, than on the north, and niches containing classical statuary. If the great north front, approximately 107 metres in length, is Palladian in character, dominated by the massive, six-columned Corinthian portico, above the door, at second-floor height, are stone garlands and medallions in relief. The four Corinthian columns are topped by classical statues and this whole centre section of the facade is crowned by a low dome visible only from a distance. Flanking the central section are two wings on three floors, each three windows wide, the windows of the first-floor piano nobile being the tallest. Adams design for this facade contains huge movement and has a delicate almost fragile quality, the neoclassical interior of the house was designed by Adam to be no less impressive than the exterior. Entering the house through the north portico on the piano nobile. Twenty fluted alabaster columns with Corinthian capitals support the heavily decorated, high-coved cornice, niches in the walls contain classical statuary, above the niches are grisaille panels. The floor is of inlaid Italian marble, if the hall was the atrium of the villa, then the adjoining saloon was to be the vestibulum. Designed as a gallery, this circular room was completed in 1763. The decorative theme is based on the temples of the Roman Forum with more modern inventions, in the four massive, the four sets of double doors giving entry to the room have heavy pediments supported by scagliola columns, and at second-floor height, grisaille panels depict classical themes
Kedleston Hall
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Kedleston Hall was Brettingham's opportunity to prove himself capable of designing a house to rival
Holkham Hall. The opportunity was taken from him by
Robert Adam who completed the North front (above) much as Brettingham designed it, but with a more dramatic
portico.
Kedleston Hall
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A cross section through the hall and saloon
Kedleston Hall
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The Bridge by Robert Adam
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Haddon Hall
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Haddon Hall is an English country house on the River Wye at Bakewell, Derbyshire, one of the seats of the Duke of Rutland. It is currently occupied by Lord Edward Manners and his family, in form a medieval manor house, it has been described as the most complete and most interesting house of period. The origins of the date to the 11th century. The current medieval and Tudor hall includes additions added at various stages between the 13th and the 17th centuries, the Vernon family acquired the Manor of Haddon by a 12th-century marriage between Sir Richard de Vernon and Alice Avenell, daughter of William Avenell II. Four centuries later, in 1563, Dorothy Vernon, the daughter and heiress of Sir George Vernon, married John Manners, a legend grew up in the 19th century that Dorothy and Manners eloped. The legend has made into novels, dramatisations and other works of fiction. She nevertheless inherited the Hall, and their grandson, also John Manners and his son, another John Manners, was made 1st Duke of Rutland in 1703. In the 20th century, another John Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland, the origins of the hall date to the 11th century. William Peverel, illegitimate son of William the Conqueror, held the manor of Haddon in 1087, though it was never a castle, the manor of Haddon was protected by a wall after a licence to build one was granted in 1194. The hall was forfeited to the Crown in 1153 and later passed to a tenant of the Peverils, Sir Richard de Vernon acquired the manor in 1170 after his marriage to Alice Avenell, the daughter of William Avenell II. The Vernons built most of the hall, except for the Peveril Tower and part of the Chapel, which preceded them, and the Long Gallery, richards son, Sir William Vernon, was a High Sheriff of Lancashire and Chief Justice of Cheshire. Prominent later family members include Sir Richard Vernon, also a High Sheriff, MP, Sir George Vernon had two daughters, Margaret and Dorothy. Dorothy married John Manners, the son of Thomas Manners. According to legend, Sir George forbade John Manners from courting the beautiful and amiable Dorothy. If indeed the elopement happened, the couple were reconciled with Sir George. Their grandson, also John Manners of Haddon, inherited the Earldom in 1641, on the death of his distant cousin, George and that John Manners son was John, the 9th Earl, and was made 1st Duke of Rutland in 1703. In the 1920s, another John Manners, the 9th Duke of Rutland, realised its importance and began a lifetime of meticulous restoration, Major construction was carried out at various stages between the 13th and the 16th centuries. The banqueting hall, kitchens and parlour date from 1370, for generations, whitewash concealed and protected their pre-Reformation frescoes
Haddon Hall
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Haddon Hall (2010)
Haddon Hall
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Haddon Hall's long gallery c.1890
Haddon Hall
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Courtice Pounds as John Manners in
Haddon Hall, 1892
Haddon Hall
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A plan of Haddon Hall
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