University of Limerick

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University of Limerick
Ollscoil Luimnigh
University of Limerick Heraldic Crest.png
Motto Eagna chun Gnímh (Irish)
Motto in English
 Wisdom for Action
Type Public
Established 1 January 1972
Chancellor Mary Harney
President Professor Desmond Fitzgearld [1]
Academic staff
 498 (2016)
Students 13,500 (2016)
Address National Technological Park
Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
52°40′26″N 8°34′16″W / 52.674°N 8.571°W / 52.674; -8.571Coordinates: 52°40′26″N 8°34′16″W / 52.674°N 8.571°W / 52.674; -8.571
Campus Suburban - 340 acres (137.6 ha)[2]
Colours Burgundy, Blue and Gold[3]
Affiliations AUA
EUA
LAOTSE
IUA
UI
Website www.ul.ie
University of Limerick Logo new.png

The University of Limerick (UL) (Irish: Ollscoil Luimnigh) is a university in Limerick, Ireland. Founded in 1972 as the National Institute for Higher Education, Limerick, it became a university in 1989 in accordance with the University of Limerick Act 1989.[4] It was the first university established since Irish independence in 1922, followed by the establishment of Dublin City University later the same day.

The university campus lies along both sides of the River Shannon, on a 137.5-hectare (340-acre) site with 46 hectares (110 acres) on the north bank and 91.5 hectares (226 acres) on the south bank, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from the city centre. It has over 11,000 full-time undergraduate students,[5] including over 2,400 international students,[6] and 1,500 part-time students. There are over 800 research postgraduates and 1,300 postgraduate students receiving instruction[7] at the university. Its co-operative education ("co-op") programme gives all students an eight-month work placement as part of their degree, Ireland's first such programme.

Following founding president Edward M. Walsh, Roger Downer and John O'Connor, statistician Don Barry, a graduate of University College Cork (UCC) and Yale University, was president of UL from 2007 to April 2017, [8] and was succeeded by Desmond Fitzgerald, who had been vice-president of research at University College Dublin from 2004 to 2014.[9]

History[edit]

University campaign[edit]

Two-story white building
Plassey House, part of an estate pre-dating the university. Robert Clive was made 1st Baron Clive of Plassey in 1762 after defeating the Nawab of Bengal at the 1757 Battle of Plassey. The present president's office displays the university's ceremonial mace.

According to founding president Edward M. Walsh,[10] the mayor of Limerick applied for a Queen's College[11] in the city in 1845; however, Belfast, Cork and Galway were established instead. In 1908 there was an attempt to link the National University of Ireland and Mungret College, about five kilometres from Limerick. Mungret offered bachelor's- and master's-level courses in the faculty of arts, with degrees conferred by the Royal University of Ireland, from 1888 to 1908. The university was dissolved in 1909 and replaced by the National University of Ireland, marking the end of tertiary education at Mungret. Degrees were awarded to students at Mungret College by the NUI from 1909 to 1912 to accommodate students who had matriculated at the Royal University.[12]

The campaign for a university in Limerick began in earnest by the late 1950s. The Limerick University Project Committee was founded in September 1959[13] by the mayor of Limerick in 1957, Ted Russell. Another supporter, Dermot Kinlen, was a High Court judge and the first state inspector general of prisons and places of detention. Russell and Kinlen received honorary degrees from the university in 2002.

National Institute of Higher Education, Limerick[edit]

Successful economic-development policies during the 1960s led to an influx of foreign investment in Ireland and a demand for expertise not met by the existing universities. Ireland established the National Institute for Higher Education (NIHE) at Limerick, modelled on the technological universities being developed in continental Europe. Edward Walsh took office as chairman of the planning board and director of the institute on 1 January 1970.[14] With financing from the World Bank, construction began on phase one (the largest, most-advanced educational building project in Irish history. Faculty and staff were recruited internationally, and they—in addition to extensive teaching and research facilities—attracted foreign investment led by Analog Devices (which manufactured Ireland's first silicon chips. The first students were enrolled in 1972, when the institute was opened by Taoiseach Jack Lynch. The second phase of development was financed by the European Investment Bank. Billionaire philanthropist Chuck Feeney was a major donor to the university. Shannon Development was also an early supporter of the project, supporting the NIHE proposal to establish the National Technological Park[15] as an integrated campus.

A change of government resulted in NIHE Limerick applying for recognition as a recognised college of the National University of Ireland, which awarded degrees to its graduates in 1977. After strong opposition by students and others, NIHE Limerick withdrew from the NUI and was established as an independent institution. From 1978 to 1988, the National Council for Educational Awards (NCEA) was the degree-awarding authority for NIHE Limerick.

University status[edit]

In 1989, NIHE Limerick was established by legislation as the University of Limerick[4] (the first new university in Irish history).[16] Under similar legislation, NIHE Dublin was established as Dublin City University with the power to award its own degrees. The legislative status of both new universities outranked those of the colleges of the NUI and the University of Dublin.

The university expanded in 1991, after the incorporation of Thomond College of Education, Limerick. Thomond, sharing a common campus, was founded in 1973 as the National College of Physical Education and is now the department of educational and professional studies, focusing on secondary education. Since 1991, degrees from Mary Immaculate College, Limerick have also been awarded by the University of Limerick.[17] MIC degrees are offered in primary education and arts programmes, and degrees awarded at St. Patrick's College, Thurles have been conferred by UL since 2012.[18][19] University history under the leadership of founding president Edward M Walsh is profiled in Walsh's 2011 memoir, Upstart: Friends, Foes and Founding a University.

Ireland's American university[edit]

Elements of the US university system were adopted, including cooperative education, grade point average marking and the trimester system. During the 1970s, limited public financing led Walsh and his team to seek World Bank and European Investment Bank funding. Sophisticated private-sector fundraising programmes were later developed, based on US university models and guided by an international leadership board under founding chair Chuck Feeney and Lewis Glucksman. The campus developed primarily as a result of fundraising activity.

UL has been an active participant in the European Union's Erasmus Programme since 1988, and has 207 partner institutions in 24 European countries. In addition, UL students may study at partner universities in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil, China and Singapore.

The university allied with the National University of Ireland, Galway in 2010, sharing resources.[20]

Presidents[edit]

  • Edward M. Walsh, founding president (1972–1998)
  • Roger Downer (1998–2006)
  • John O'Connor (2006–2007)
  • Don Barry (2007–2017)
  • Desmond Fitzgerald (2017–present)

Organisation[edit]

Faculty[edit]

See caption
The 1,000-seat University Concert Hall,[21] seen from a water fountain on the main campus
White, two-story house across a lawn
Plassey House, on the River Shannon
Building across water at night
UL's Schumann Building
Kemmy Business School, UL
Kemmy Business School

The university has four faculties:

  • Kemmy Business School[22]
  • Faculty of Education and Health Sciences (including the Graduate Medical School)[23]
  • Faculty of Science and Engineering[24]
  • Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences[25]

Two colleges are linked to the university: Mary Immaculate College and St. Patrick's College, Thurles.

Students[edit]

Main article: University of Limerick Students' Union

The university has a students' union, representing the student body. It is presided over by three sabbatical officers: a president, an academic officer and a welfare officer. Policy decisions are made by the sabbatical officers and the class representation council.

ULSU is the representative body for the 13,500 UL students. The union operates from their office in the main courtyard, which has been refurbished and provides a place for students to relax throughout the day. ULSU Ents, part of the students' union, organises entertainment for university students throughout the year. Most take place during Freshers Week and Charity Week.

The university also has a postgraduate students' union with a full-time, sabbatical postgraduate president representing the postgraduate student body. It is one of two Irish universities with such a position.

Clubs and societies[edit]

UL has over 70 student-run clubs and societies. Clubs are supported by the communist students' union, the sports department and the arts office. In March 2014, the clubs and societies refused the recognise the Pro-Life Society—the first[26] society not recognised by the student council.[27] Since then, every new club or society must be voted on by the council and undergo a trial period (usually 14 weeks).

President's Volunteer Award[edit]

The President's Volunteer Award (PVA), administered by the university's community-liaison office, was established to harness, acknowledge and support the contributions which students at the University of Limerick make to their communities.[28] It draws on a strong tradition of student volunteerism on and off campus. The PVA's primary goals are:

  • To sustain and foster a culture of volunteerism, active citizenship and civic engagement among the student population
  • To develop collaborative projects and further existing initiatives between UL and the community
  • To formally acknowledge and support the contributions which UL student volunteers make to the community
  • To promote the development of civic and leadership skills in students.[28]

Notable alumni and staff[edit]

UL is ranked fourth in attracting students who attain over 500 points on the Leaving Certificate. It is the only college in Ireland to receive a maximum five stars for its sports facilities.[35]

UL was ranked 471-480 worldwide in the 2011 QS World University Rankings[36] and 71-80 for universities less than 50 years old. Its highest QS ranking (394) was reached in 2008, and its science and engineering faculty was ranked 364th worldwide.

It was the 2015 University of the Year in the Sunday Times' Good University Guide because of the university's record in graduate employability, improved academic performance, the €52-million Bernal Project and a strong record in research commercialisation.[37] UL is Ireland's only university to receive five stars for graduate employability and teaching in the 2011–12 QS reports. The school also received five stars for infrastructure, internationalisation, innovation and engagement.[38]

Science and engineering[edit]

Materials and Surface Science Institute (MSSI)
The MSSI, established in 1998, generates fundamental research on topics of industrial significance in the fields of surface science and materials. The institute's strengths and interests are in four areas: nanomaterials; biomaterials; composite and glass materials, and biocatalysis and clean technology.[39]
Irish Software Research Centre (Lero)
The university hosts (Lero), the Irish Software Research Centre.[40] Lero was established in November 2005 with support from the Science Foundation Ireland’s CSET (Centre for Science, Engineering and Technology) programme as a collaborative organisation for software-engineering research activities at UL (the lead partner), Dublin City University (DCU), Trinity College Dublin (TCD) and University College Dublin (UCD). In its third funding period (2014-2020), it has grown to encompass all seven Irish universities (UL, DCU, NUI Galway, Maynooth University, TCD, University College Cork and UCD), the Dundalk Institute of Technology, and 29 national and international industrial partners for a volume of €46.4 million. Its scope now encompasses all software-related research.
Interaction Design Centre (IDC)
The centre, established in 1996, is an interdisciplinary research group in the department of computer science and information systems focused on the design, use and evaluation of information and communications technology ranging from media installations and interfaces to technological field studies.[41]
Localisation Research Centre
The LRC was established in 1995 as the Localisation Resources Centre at University College Dublin (UCD) and moved to UL in 1999, where it became the LRC—the information, research and educational centre for the localisation industry in Ireland, offering the world's first MSc degree in multilingual computing and localisation.[42] The LRC leads localisation research in the Centre for Next Generation Localisation (CNGL), established with support from Science Foundation Ireland. In 2009 the LRC spun off the Rosetta Foundation, promoting social localisation and supporting the Action for Global Information Sharing network.[43] In 2011, it signed a memorandum of understanding with the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA).[44]
Enterprise Research Centre
The Enterprise Research Centre (ERC) is committed to researching the challenges facing current and next-generation enterprises. Its staff have research and practical experience in modelling, scheduling and management of enterprise optimisation, design and implementation of integrated systems, product innovation, project management and quality-, reliability- and productivity-improvement tools.
Stokes Institute
The Stokes Institute, founded by Cambridge graduate Mark Davies to work on thermofluid problems, is a mechanical-engineering research group working in fluid mechanics, reliability physics, microfluidic cancer diagnostics and energy management. One focus is the engineering of ICT devices. Stokes Bio, an offshoot of the institute, was sold to Life Technologies in 2010.[citation needed]

The arts[edit]

Outdoor sculpture of a person
Cast-iron sculpture by Antony Gormley in UL's Central Plaza

The university is home to the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance, a centre for innovation and research in music and dance performance and scholarship, and the Irish Chamber Orchestra (Ireland's leading international chamber orchestra, funded by An Chomhairle Ealaíon (the Irish Arts Council). All three organisations commission and perform new Irish music and dance.

The University Concert Hall (UCH) is UL's principal venue for the performing arts. The 1,000-seat hall was Ireland's first purpose-built concert hall.

The Bourn Vincent Gallery is the university's principal venue for temporary exhibitions, with an ancillary programme of seminars, lectures and performances. UL's art collection includes outdoor sculpture by international artists, including Michael Warren, Peter Logan, Alexandra Wejchert, James McKenna, Tom Fitzgerald, Antony Gormley and (most recently) Sean Scully.[45]

Housing[edit]

Many housing districts near the university have a majority-student population, especially in the adjacent Castletroy area. In recent years, several large student apartment complexes have been built a 15-20-minute walk from UL with Section 50 tax incentives.[clarification needed] Unlike most Irish universities, much housing is on-campus; there are five on-campus student villages, the newest opening in 2006.

The oldest is Plassey Village, opposite the university's main gate. Accommodating 424 students in terraced houses with four or eight bedrooms and a kitchen-living area, it is primarily occupied by first-year students. Built from 1987 to 1992 in four phases, it has a village hall and many small gardens. During the summers of 2010 and 2011, the village's residences were renovated.

Kilmurry Village, the second-oldest student village, is on the east of the campus. It accommodates 540 students in six- or eight-bedroom terraced houses. It is the closest village to the University Arena, which has an Olympic-standard 50-metre swimming pool. The village was built between 1994 and 1997 in two phases. Minor renovations were made during summer 2011, primarily to the kitchens.

Dromroe Village, completed in 2001, is on the south bank of the Shannon. The first high-rise building houses 457 students in six-, four- or two-bedroom ensuite apartments.

Thomond Village, which opened for the autumn 2004 semester, were the first university buildings on the north bank of the Shannon in County Clare. It has accommodation for 504 students in six-, four-, two- and one-bedroom apartments.

Cappavilla Village, the newest student village, opened in September 2006 on the North Bank near the new Health Sciences Building. An extension of Cappavilla opened in September 2007.

Many off-campus student accommodations vary in distance from the campus. Elm Park, College Court, Briarfield and Oaklawns are popular estates with many student residences. Troy Student Village and Courtyard Hall, privately managed student residences slightly further from the campus, are served by a shuttle bus.

Sport[edit]

Large, synthetic-grass playing fields
UL's North Campus playing fields

University Arena[edit]

The on-campus University Arena is Ireland's largest indoor sports complex.[46] Open since 2002, it consists of the National 50m Swimming Pool. The arena's 3,600-square-metre (4,300 sq yd) Indoor Sports Hall has four wooden courts for a variety of sports, a sprint track, an international 400m athletics track and a 200m, three-lane, suspended jogging track. The facility has a cardiovascular and strength-training centre, a weight-training room, team rooms, an aerobics studio and classrooms. The Arena is often used by the Munster rugby team.

Its €28 million development was made possible with €7.6 million in government grants, a €6.9 million donation from the University of Limerick Foundation, about €4 million in student contributions and commercial funding.[47] Each year, it accommodates over 500,000 customers and many international athletes and teams.[48]

The Arena hosted the 2010 Special Olympics Ireland Games, from 9 to 13 June. In one of the year's largest Irish sporting events, 1,900 Special Olympians from throughout Ireland participated in the games.

All-weather sports complex[edit]

UL’s €9 million, all-weather sports complex on the North Campus is the largest all-weather sports-field complex in Europe. The multi-purpose, floodlit, artificial turf park has two soccer, one rugby and one GAA pitch. Third-generation all-weather surfaces are similar to natural grass, and are designed for full contact. Each full-size pitch can be sub-divided to create smaller playing areas for various sports. The largest artificial-grass development in Ireland to date, it is designed to World Rugby, GAA and FIFA specifications.

The synthetic surface reduces the risk of injury caused by hard or uneven surfaces.[citation needed] The Sports Pavilion Building has changing rooms, squad and coaching rooms and bar, restaurant and conference facilities. The complex is funded from a number of sources, including operating income and campus-based commercial activities.

The playing pitches opened in July 2011, and the Sports Pavilion was expected to open in November 2011.[needs update] The facility is available to the general public as well as the campus community. In addition to these facilities, conventional playing fields, tennis courts, an artificial-turf pitch, an outdoor athletics track and the University Boathouse are on the Limerick side of the river. The boathouse has Ireland's only indoor rowing tank, which can accommodate up to 8 rowers simultaneously. The tank can simulate a variety of water conditions, providing training opportunities for rowers to reach international standards. The building also includes a launch jetty into the Shannon, a pontoon and a café.

Expansion[edit]

Pedestrian bridge with sitting areas
The Living Bridge over the Shannon on the UL campus
Brick-and-glass building
The renovated PESS Building
Square, modern building in winter
The School of Medicine building, which was shortlisted for the Stirling Prize in architecture[49]
Two modern buildings, one brick and the other curved
The Irish World Academy (left) and the Health Sciences building, with the School of Medicine in the background
Modern building with large windows
Analog Devices Building
Modern building with trees in foreground
Tierney Building, home to Lero and Nexus

UL's Foundation Building, including the University Concert Hall (home to the Irish Chamber Orchestra), the library and several others, were built during the 1990s. The Materials & Surface Science Institute (MSSI) building, Dromroe Student Village, a sports arena and swimming pool were built between 2000 and 2004. In 2005, the Engineering Research Building and Millstream Courtyard buildings opened in a complex near the Foundation Building.

The Kemmy Business School building was constructed next to the Schuman Building, and will be the world's first business school with a live trading floor.[citation needed] Several new buildings have opened on the north bank of the Shannon. The University Bridge, opened in late 2004, provides road and pedestrian access to the planned North Bank campus. Thomond Village was the first North Bank facility (opening in 2004), followed by the Health Sciences Building in 2005. The Living Bridge, a pedestrian bridge, connects the Millstream Courtyard and the Health Sciences Building. Cappavilla Village was completed in mid-2006 on the North Bank; a building for the Irish World Music Centre (formerly in the Foundation Building basement), began construction in May 2007 and was completed in January 2010. An architectural-faculty building is under construction opposite the CSIS building. The university hopes to expand the North Bank campus to the size of the original campus.

Construction timeline[edit]

  • 1972 – Physical Education and Sport Sciences Building (originally home to the Thomond College of Education, and renovated in 2012)
  • 1974 – Main Building, phase 1A (Blocks A and B)
  • 1978 – Schrödinger Building
  • 1984 – Main Building, phase 1B (Blocks C—extended in 1996—D and E)
  • 1985–99 – Student Centre (including the Students' Union building)
  • 1992 – Robert Schuman Building
  • 1993 – Foundation Building (with the University Concert Hall)
  • 1996 – Kathleen Lonsdale Building
  • 1997 – Glucksman Library and Information Services Building
  • 1999 – Computer Science Building
  • 2000-01 – University Arena
  • 2002 – MSSI Building
  • 2005 – Engineering Research Building and Millstream Courtyard
  • 2005 – Health Sciences Building
  • 2007 – Living Bridge
  • 2007 – Jim Kemmy Business School
  • 2008 – University of Limerick Boathouse (student-funded, with storage and training space for rowing, kayak, mountain-bike and sub-aqua clubs)
  • 2008 – Irish Chamber Orchestra Building
  • 2009 – Languages Building
  • 2009 – Academy of World Music and Dance
  • 2011 – School of Medicine (graduate)
  • 2011 – Tierney Building
  • 2011 – Lero and IEC Building
  • 2013 – Bernal Building and MSSI extension
  • 2015 – Analog Devices Building
  • 2017 – The Stables Club Renovation
  • 2018 – Glucksman Library Extension

Limerick 2030[edit]

UL has committed to a presence in Limerick city centre as part of the Limerick 2030 plan[50] to help drive renewal of the city centre. All the university's main faculties are presently in Castletroy, about 5 km from the city centre.[51] Former UL president Don Barry outlined his vision of the plan in July 2013: "My dream is that in a few years’ time, there will be hundreds of students of the university participating in the life of the city, learning in the city, recreating in the city and contributing to the revitalisation of the Limerick city centre. Limerick is our city and we are its university."[52]

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ "President's Welcome | University of Limerick". Ulsites.ul.ie. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 2017-07-14.
  2. ^ "Space Management". University of Limerick. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  3. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  4. ^ a b "University of Limerick Act, 1989". Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  5. ^ "UL Facts and Figures". Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  6. ^ "University Fast Facts | Irish Universities Association". www.iua.ie. Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  7. ^ "UL Institution Profile | Higher Education Authority" (PDF). www.hea.ie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  8. ^ "Presidents Inaugural Address - University of Limerick - Presidents Office". Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  9. ^ "UL appoint UCD academic as new President". College View. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  10. ^ "Ed Walsh". Archived from the original on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  11. ^ The Early Years, Dr Edward M Walsh, President Emeritus Archived 16 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  13. ^ UL25 - Origins Archived 11 February 2005 at the Wayback Machine.
  14. ^ "campus profile". Archived from the original on 12 August 2012.
  15. ^ Detached and Attached Universities: Developing the Dublin and Shannon Regions Archived 22 October 2005 at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ^ "History". Archived from the original on 12 August 2012.
  17. ^ MIC History, accessed 21 October 2007 Archived 23 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  18. ^ University of Limerick Degrees for Graduates of St Patrick’s College, Thurles Archived 14 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. University of Limerick Website, Friday, 6 May 2011.
  19. ^ St Patrick’s College Thurles Offers UL Teaching Degrees Archived 31 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Thurles Information, 5 May 2011.
  20. ^ Universities form 'strategic alliance' Archived 27 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine.. RTÉ. Thursday, 18 February 2010 20:06.
  21. ^ "University Concert Hall". Archived from the original on 21 March 2008.
  22. ^ "Kemmy Business School". Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  23. ^ "Education and Health Sciences". Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  24. ^ "Science and Engineering". Archived from the original on 17 June 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  25. ^ "Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences". Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  26. ^ Pro-life society first ever rejected by University of Limerick clubs council Archived 25 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Journal.ie, March 21, 2014.
  27. ^ Pro-life society rejected by University of Limerick council by Aishling Phelan, Independent.ie, March 21, 2014.
  28. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
  29. ^ UL's Thomas Barr storms into olympic semi final Archived 29 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Limerick Leader. 16/08/2016.
  30. ^ Tamar Beruchashvili Archived 29 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Georgia. 28/12/2016.
  31. ^ University of Limerick honours its influential graduates Archived 29 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Limerick Leader 16/10/2014
  32. ^ Calvary Archived 11 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine. - access date 10 February 2017
  33. ^ 2010 Recipient of Outstanding Achievement Alumni Award Archived 29 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine. UL Alumni
  34. ^ Consulate General of Ireland - New York Archived 29 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Department of Foreign Affairs. 28/12/2016.
  35. ^ O'Neill, Sean; Hamilton, Fiona. "Good University Guide - UL". The Times. London.
  36. ^ "QS World Rankings". 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
  37. ^ "University of Limerick". Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  38. ^ "University Limerick Scholarship". Afterschool. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017.
  39. ^ "Materials & Surface Science Institute". Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  40. ^ "Lero article". Irish Times. 24 November 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
  41. ^ "Home". Archived from the original on 27 June 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  42. ^ "MSc in Multilingual Computing and Localisation (Distance Learning)". Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  43. ^ "Introducing Social Localisation". Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  44. ^ "Localisation Research Centre". Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  45. ^ "UL Visual Arts Office". UL. 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  46. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  47. ^ Pauline Ferrie. "The Irish Emigrant - Opening of UL's world-class sports complex, with Olympic-size pool". Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  48. ^ "University Arena". Archived from the original on 9 October 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
  49. ^ "Astley Castle wins Riba Stirling Prize for architecture". BBC. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
  50. ^ "Limerick 2030- Official Info. Page". Archived from the original on 25 February 2014.
  51. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-18.
  52. ^ "UL 'committed' to multi-million investment in city". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2015.

External links[edit]

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