1.
Universidad de Manila
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The Universidad de Manila (formerly known as City College of Manila is a public university in Manila, Philippines. Apart from its campus, the university maintains satellite centers in many parts of the City of Manila such as Escolta, Recto, Del Pan, San Andres. The universitys original name is City College of Manila, in 2007, when Alfredo Lim was re-elected as mayor, he reverted UDM to its original name, a few months into office, he renamed it Universidad de Manila. The founder of the university, Mayor Alfredo Lim, said that the egalitarian UDM complements the elite PLM, for its part, the City College delivers practical education to average student. Universidad de Manila was founded in 1995 during the term of Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim and it was then located in the old 12-storey high Philippine National Bank Building in the district of Santa Cruz. In its early years, and before it acquired its current name and status, among the issues were the low passing rates that it had received and its proposed transformation into a district college of the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. PLM and the CCM students opposed the plan, thus, it never materialized, in early 2005, many environmental groups resisted the construction of the new building at the Mehan Garden, but there were organizations that backed the move. Later on, the City Council unanimously voted in favor of transferring the CCMs main building to the site, additionally, the college took part in the enforcement of English as the medium of instruction. By virtue of the amendments of Ordinance No,7885, which was authored by majority floor leader Ernesto Dionisio and some members of the majority bloc, the CCM acquired the name Universidad de Manila. During the same year, UDM hosted the International Youth Expo, with the theme, in 2007, the Commission on Higher Education allowed the UDM to confer postgraduate studies. UDM has three buildings, in the Annex, Escolta and the Main Building, the universitys ten colleges offer courses from bachelor to postgraduate degree programs. Degree programs, such as Criminology, Social Work, Physical Therapy, at present, UDMs College of Criminology is remained Top 1 in Metro Manila, and Top 5 in the Philippines. Andres Memorial Medical Center, Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center, and it was recognized as the Top 3 nursing school in the Philippines by the Professional Regulation Commission in the June 2007 Nursing Licensure Examination. Fe Del Mundo Medical Center and Foundation, Medical Center Muntinlupa, Hospicio de San Jose, the same requirements as above, and, Original and photocopy of Philippine Educational Placement Test certificate or Non-formal Education Accreditation and Equivalency Test result certificate. The university started with some 2,000 enrollees until its population increased to 6,000, from October 2005 to January 2006,1,051 students out of 1,600 enrollees graduated in their selected courses. Some 290 students finished the basic computer course while 11 finished the photo silkscreen, in 2005, the university had more than 14,000 students, of whom 9,830 were in the college programs. More than 4,200 others had been trained in ladderized courses, more than 3,500 students are housed in its main campus at the Mehan Garden. The Universitys sports teams are nicknamed the Merlions, student athletes participate in the Alculympics, National Students Basketball Championship, Manila Youth Games, and other intramural sports
2.
University of the City of Manila
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It was established on June 19,1965 and opened on July 17,1967 to 556 scholars, all coming from the top ten percent of graduates of Manilas public high schools. Based on a study using data from 1999 to 2003 showed that during the said period PLM was among the top five schools nationwide in terms of board exam passing rate. In the same study, it was one among three universities in the top ten category. As a chartered and autonomous university, PLM is governed by a Board of Regents, each member serves a six-year tenure of office. The president oversees the implementation of the university policies and these academic units collectively provide 53 single-degree undergraduate and 49 masters, doctoral, and graduate diploma programs. PLM is the tenth largest university in Metro Manila with a student enrollment of 13,711. For the undergraduate class of 2006-2007, PLM received 40,000 college applications, as for the professional and graduate schools, no specific residency requirements are imposed. Full scholarship is entitled for Manila residents, while fees are charged for non-residents. Other scholarships are available in the university, with funding coming from donations, the government. PLMs endowment in 2008 was valued at PhP500 million, excluding budgetary allocation for its teaching hospital, the Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center. The University spends about four to fives times the average for education. PLM uses a modular system for conducting courses, adopts features of the American credit system, and employs the General Weighted Average system. Students in the College of Nursing render service to 44 city-run health centers as part of their community health nursing internship, senior students live with people in the rural areas for eight weeks and implement several socio-civic and health projects. Although they are not required of service contracts, they are encouraged to render service to the country first before going abroad, physical therapy students in their last year in college are required to apply their learnings in various settings, including rehabilitation centers in marginalized communities. Similar activities are undertaken by the colleges that take on different approaches as in holding outreach programs in their work, off-campus activities. In 2009, PLM launched the Alternative Learning Program, which aims to provide an alternative to formal instruction. The PLM communities have joined the Caritas Manila through Intramuros Consortium Outreach. In 1993, together with Tugon-RESCUE, the universitys Community University Extension Services continued with its programs for the slum communities of Tondo
3.
Seal (emblem)
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A seal is a device for making an impression in wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made. The original purpose was to authenticate a document, a wrapper for one such as a modern envelope, the seal-making device is also referred to as the seal matrix or die, the imprint it creates as the seal impression. In most traditional forms of dry seal the design on the matrix is in intaglio. The design on the impression will reverse that of the matrix and this will not be the case if paper is embossed from behind, where the matrix and impression read the same way, and both matrix and impression are in relief. However engraved gems were carved in relief, called cameo in this context. The process is essentially that of a mould and these pendent seal impressions dangled below the documents they authenticated, to which the attachment tag was sewn or otherwise attached. Some jurisdictions consider rubber stamps or specified signature-accompanying words such as seal or L. S. to be the equivalent of, i. e. an equally effective substitute for. In Europe, although coats of arms and heraldic badges may well feature in such contexts as well as on seals, the study of seals is known as sigillography or sphragistics. Seals were used in the earliest civilizations and are of importance in archaeology. In ancient Mesopotamia carved or engraved cylinder seals in stone or other materials were used and these could be rolled along to create an impression on clay, and used as labels on consignments of trade goods, or for other purposes. They are normally hollow and it is presumed that they were worn on a string or chain round the neck, many have only images, often very finely carved, with no writing, while others have both. From Ancient Egypt seals in the form of signet-rings, including some with the names of kings, have been found, recently, seals have come to light in South Arabia datable to the Himyarite age. One example shows a name written in Aramaic engraved in reverse so as to read correctly in the impression, from the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC until the Middle Ages, seals of various kinds were in production in the Aegean islands and mainland Greece. In the Early Minoan age these were formed of stone and ivory. By the Middle Minoan age a new set for seal forms, motifs, hard stone requires new rotary carving techniques. The Late Bronze Age is the par excellence of the lens-shaped seal and the seal ring. These were a luxury art form and became keenly collected. His collection fell as booty to Pompey the Great, who deposited it in a temple in Rome, engraved gems continued to be produced and collected until the 19th century
4.
Manila
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Manila, officially City of Manila, is the capital of the Philippines. Founded on June 24,1571, by Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi and it is situated on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and is home to many landmarks, some of which date back to the 16th century. In 2012, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network listed Manila as a global city, the city proper is home to 1,780,148 people in 2015, forming the historic core of Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines. The metropolitan area, which includes the much larger Quezon City, Manila is also the most densely populated city proper in the world, with 41,515 people per square kilometer. The term Manila is commonly used to refer to either the whole area or the city proper. Manila is located on the shore of the Manila Bay on one of the finest harbors in the country. The city has six districts for the lower house of the Philippine Congress. Manila was once ruled by the Kingdom of Tondo before it became a province of the Majapahit Empire. During the Bruneian invasion of the Philippines, Sultan Bolkiah of Brunei captured Seludong and renamed it Maynilà, Maynilà became a vassal state of the Sultanate of Brunei, established to overpower Tondo. In 1571, conquistadors arrived from Mexico, across the Pacific Ocean, Spanish missionaries soon Christianized the city, incorporated Tondo and built some of the oldest churches in the country, including San Agustin Church. The conquistadors renamed the area Nuevo Reino de Castilla, Manila became the center of Spanish activity in the Far East and one end of the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade route linking Spanish America with Asia, one of the earliest examples of globalization. Because of its location on Pacific trade routes, Manila received the moniker Pearl of the Orient. Spanish rule of the Philippine archipelago lasted for more than three centuries, until 1898, order was usually quickly restored and the city returned to the business of trade. In the 19th century, Manila was one of the most modern cities in Asia, before the Spanish–American War, it saw the rise of the Philippine Revolution. After the war, the United States took control, switched the official language from Spanish to English, near the end of World War II, during the Battle of Manila, most of the city was flattened by intensive aerial bombardment by the United States Air Force. As a result, relatively little remains of Manilas prewar and colonial architecture, although there are ongoing projects, especially within the old walled city. Maynilà, the Filipino name for the city, originated from the word nilà, referring to a mangrove tree that grew on the delta of the Pasig River. The flowers were made into garlands that, according to folklore, were offered to statues on religious altars or in churches
