1.
Sydney Technical College
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The Sydney Technical College was a name used by Australias oldest technical education institution. The Sydney Mechanics School of Arts was founded in 1833, in 1878, the Sydney Mechanics School of Arts formed the Working Mens College, which eventually became the Sydney Technical College in 1882. In 1911, the school operations of the college became Sydney Technical High School. In 1949, the New South Wales University of Technology was founded on its main site, as the University of New South Wales, this is now one of the most prestigious universities in Australia. In 1969, part of the college became the New South Wales Institute of Technology and this institute was reconstituted as the University of Technology, Sydney, in 1988. The college continued to operate, eventually becoming part of the New South Wales Technical and it became known as Ultimo College, due to its location. This then became part of the Sydney Institute of Technology, which was later renamed Sydney Institute and this college is the largest TAFE campus in New South Wales
2.
Public university
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A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
3.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
4.
Australian dollar
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Within Australia, it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign, with A$ or AU$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents, in 2011, the Australian dollar was the fifth most traded currency in the world, accounting for 7. 6% of the worlds daily share. It trades in the foreign exchange markets behind the US dollar, the euro, the yen. The currency is referred to by foreign-exchange traders as the Aussie dollar. With pounds, shillings and pence to be replaced by decimal currency on 14 February 1966, in 1963, the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, a monarchist, wished to name the currency the royal. Other proposed names included more exotic suggestions such as the austral, the oz, the boomer, the roo, the kanga, the emu, the digger, the quid, the dinkum and the ming. Menzies influence resulted in the selection of the royal, and trial designs were prepared and printed by the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Treasurer, Harold Holt, announced the decision in Parliament on 5 June 1963. The royal would be subdivided into 100 cents, but the existing names shilling, florin, the name royal for the currency proved very unpopular, with Holt and his wife even receiving death threats. On 24 July Holt told the Cabinet the decision had been a terrible mistake, on 18 September Holt advised Parliament that the name was to be the dollar, of 100 cents. The Australian pound, introduced in 1910 and officially distinct in value from the pound sterling since devaluation in 1931, was replaced by the dollar on 14 February 1966. The rate of conversion for the new currency was two dollars per Australian pound, or ten Australian shillings per dollar. The exchange rate was pegged to the pound sterling at a rate of $1 =8 shillings, in 1967, Australia effectively left the sterling area, when the pound sterling was devalued against the US dollar and the Australian dollar did not follow. It maintained its peg to the US dollar at the rate of A$1 = US$1.12, on 27 September 2012, the Reserve Bank of Australia stated that they had ordered work on a project to upgrade the current banknotes. The upgraded banknotes will incorporate a number of new features so that they remain secure into the future, the first new banknotes were issued from the 1st of September 2016, with the remaining denominations to be issued in the coming years. In 1966, coins were introduced in denominations of 1,2,5,10,20 and 50 cents. The initial 50-cent coins contained high silver content and were withdrawn after a year after the value of the silver content was found to exceed the face value of the coins. One-dollar coins were introduced in 1984, followed by two-dollar coins in 1988, the one- and two-cent coins were discontinued in 1991 and withdrawn from circulation. In commemoration of the 40th anniversary of decimal currency, the 2006 mint proof and uncirculated sets included one-, in early 2013, Australias first triangular coin was introduced, to mark the 25th anniversary of the opening of Parliament House
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Postgraduate education
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In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
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Sydney
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Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
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New South Wales
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New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south and it has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state, New South Wales state capital is Sydney, which is also Australias most populous city. In March 2014, the population of New South Wales was 7.5 million. Just under two-thirds of the population,4.67 million. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen, the Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised a more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825, in addition, the colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemens Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand. However, the Swan River Colony has never administered as part of New South Wales. Lord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal Territory, as have the now known as the Australian Capital Territory. The prior inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region. The Wodi Wodi people are the custodians of the Illawarra region of South Sydney. The Bundjalung people are the custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas. The European discovery of New South Wales was made by Captain James Cook during his 1770 survey along the eastern coast of the Dutch-named continent of New Holland. In his original journal covering the survey, in triplicate to satisfy Admiralty Orders, Cook first named the land New Wales, however, in the copy held by the Admiralty, he revised the wording to New South Wales. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, macquaries legacy is still evident today. During the 19th century, large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria. Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855, following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840
8.
Australian Technology Network
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The Australian Technology Network is a network of five universities from each mainland state of Australia, with a heritage of working closely with industry. The ATN was founded in 1975 as the Directors of Central Institutes of Technology, ATN universities offer applied courses to students who are ready to enter their chosen professions. They teach around 180,000 students, or almost 20% of Australia’s student population, all ATN member universities are featured in the Times Higher Education Supplements Top 300 Universities of the World listing, and the network is considered to be the technology-focused group. The ATN originated in 1975 as the Directors of Central Institutes of Technology, each of DOCITs original member institutions were located in the central business district of their respective states capital city, hence they were deemed central institutes of technology. DOCIT founded its original member institutes distinctiveness on their size, on the level of their teaching. They were therefore like a technology-focused group, DOCIT encountered too much opposition to its aspirations, and disbanded in 1982. Each ATN member university was granted university status between 1986 and 1992, however their antecedents make them some of the oldest tertiary institutions in Australia. Today the ATNs member universities teach around 180,000 students, or almost 20% of Australia’s student population, and 1 in 4 international students in Australia
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Association of Commonwealth Universities
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The Association of Commonwealth Universities represents 535 universities from 37 Commonwealth countries. It is the worlds first and oldest international university network, established in 1913, a UK-registered charity, the ACU has over 500 member institutions in developed and developing countries across the Commonwealth. Drawing on the experience and expertise, the ACU seeks to address issues in international higher education through a range of projects, networks. The Association of Commonwealth Universities is governed by its member institutions through an elected Council, as the ACU is a UK-registered charity, Council members also act as its Trustees. The ACU Council comprises up to 23 members,20 elected Council members, in 1912, the University of London took the initiative to assemble 53 representatives of universities in London to hold a Congress of Universities of the Empire. They decided they needed a bureau of information and its affairs would be handled by a committee representing universities at home and abroad. In 1913 the office opened as the Universities Bureau of the British Empire, in 1948 the name was changed to Association of Universities of the British Commonwealth, and in 1963 it changed to its current name. Dr Anastasios Christodoulou was the Secretary General of the Association of Commonwealth Universities from 1980 to 1996, in 1986, Queen Elizabeth II became patron of the Association of Commonwealth Universities. Currently 37 countries from the Commonwealth are represented in the Association
10.
Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts
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The Sydney Mechanics School of Arts is the longest running School of Arts and the oldest continuous lending library in Australia. Now in new premises, the SMSA continues to offer education programs. In 2011 the SMSA opened The Tom Keneally Centre, which holds the collection of world-renowned author Thomas Keneally from his private collection. By the early 1830s, Sydney Town had come a long way from its origins as a convict colony four decades earlier, the Reverend John Dunmore Lang wished to build an Australian College in Sydney and sent Reverend Henry Carmichael to recruit craftsmen in Scotland. On the return journey in 1831 aboard the Stirling Castle Carmichael gave classes to some of these men and they formed the nucleus of a Mechanics Institute when they arrived in Sydney. While it still had some 21,000 convicts, the free and freed population of Sydney was growing, the establishment of a Legislative Council to advise the Governor of New South Wales brought responsible government a step closer. Businessmen with a social set up civilising institutions such as the Savings Bank of NSW in 1832. The aim was to further education for working men through public lectures and classes. The colonial administration of Governor Richard Bourke soon recognised the efforts of the School of Arts and provided a land grant and a small annual subsidy to support its work. Among those who gave classes were suffragist Louisa Lawson, explorer Ludwig Leichhardt and poet Henry Kendall, officers and teachers of the school, such as Nicholson and Dr John Woolley, also played a role in the establishment of the University of Sydney. The school was incorporated under its own Act of Parliament in 1874 with the Sydney Mechanics School of Arts Incorporation Act. The college was built at the rear of the Pitt Street buildings on newly acquired land that extended back to George Street, and included a new hall, laboratories, classrooms, offices and a yard area. The college breathed new life into the SMSA, with courses on practical learning attracting workers back to the School, College enrolments rose from 720 in the first year to 1198 in the second, and continued to increase over subsequent years. However lack of space was a problem and college courses were soon being held in other rooms. The buildings are now used as the campus of the Sydney Institute of TAFE, part of the State Government-run Technical. The original role of such Mechanics Institutes was to provide education for adults who had received formal education as children. Thus most of the Schools of Arts and Institutes had libraries attached, by the 1970s, the SMSA was in financial difficulty with a large heritage building to maintain but a declining membership. It eventually sold its building to raise capital in 1987
11.
Institute of technology
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An institute of technology is a type of university which specializes in engineering, technology, Applied Science, and possibly natural sciences. How the terms are used varies from country to country, the English term polytechnic appeared in the early 19th century, from the French École Polytechnique, an engineering school founded in 1794 in Paris. The French term comes from the Greek πολύ meaning many and τεχνικός meaning arts, the oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology. Another exception is the École Polytechnique, which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794, in some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges. Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, İYTE, Delft University of Technology and RWTH Aachen, in countries like Iran, Finland, Malaysia, Portugal, Singapore or the United Kingdom, there is often a significant and confused distinction between polytechnics and universities. In the UK a binary system of higher education emerged consisting of universities, Polytechnics offered university equivalent degrees from bachelors, masters and PhD that were validated and governed at the national level by the independent UK Council for National Academic Awards. In 1992 UK Polytechnics were designated as universities which meant they could award their own degrees, the UKs first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. A number of polytechnics providing higher education is simply a result of a formal upgrading from their original and historical role as technical education schools. This is mostly the case in countries, where the education system is not controlled by the state. Mentz, Kotze and Van der Merwe argue that all the tools are in place to promote the debate on the place of technology in education in general. The aspects of this debate can follow the lines, To what degree is technology defined as a concept. What is the scope of technology discourse, what is the place and relation of science with technology. How useful is the Mitcham framework in thinking about technology in South Africa, can a measure of cooperation as opposed to competition be achieved amongst higher education institutions. Who ultimately is responsible for training and What is the role of technology in this. The Buenos Aires Institute of Technology is other important recognized institute of technology with renowned, 1970s–1990s During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system, in the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes, AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later. 1990s–today Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical, a recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE
12.
Sydney College of Advanced Education
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The Sydney College of Advanced Education was an educational institution in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia that existed from 1981 to 1989. The Commonwealth government announced recommendations for a consolidation of higher education provision in March 1981 and this was welcomed by state governments, argued against by individual institutions, but the threatened loss of commonwealth funding dissipated much of this opposition. On 24 July 1981, Sydney College of Advanced Education was established as a corporation under the Colleges of Advanced Education Act 1975 by the State Minister of Education, on the 1 January 1982 The Sydney CAE commenced operation. In late 1984, the Institute of Nursing Studies became the 6th Institute of the Sydney CAE, in November 1988 a Council meeting decided to pursue disestablishment through a divestment model. The formal Closing Ceremony was held at the Darling Harbour Convention Centre on 3 November 1989, on 31 December 1989, Sydney CAE ceased to exist as a corporate body. The Constituent Institutes transferred to the four Sydney metropolitan universities
13.
Haymarket, New South Wales
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Haymarket is a suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located at the end of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the City of Sydney. Haymarket includes much of Sydneys Chinatown, Thaitown and Railway Square localities, Haymarket is adjacent to Darling Harbour and is surrounded by the suburbs of Ultimo, Chippendale, Surry Hills and the Sydney CBD. Sydneys produce markets were located in Haymarket from the early 20th century through to the 1980s when they were moved to a new site at Flemington, Paddys Markets still operate on part of the site of the vegetable markets as a produce and flea market. The outer walls of the vegetable market, built in 1909, were preserved and restored as an example of Edwardian architecture. They were part of the original city markets—designed by city architect C. Broderick—which were bounded by Hay Street, Quay Street and they were built to replace the old Belmore Market, which had failed because it was too far from Darling Harbour. The new markets included the Sydney City Markets building, designed by George McRae and built in 1910, the bell tower is now incorporated within the University of Technology, Sydney. The Capitol Theatre, Sydney, built in 1928, is located in Haymarket. At the 2011 census, there were 5,376 residents in Haymarket, the median age was 27 years and 50. 8% of people were aged 20–29 years. More than half of Haymarket residents were attending an educational institution, just 10. 3% of residents were born in Australia. 87. 8% of the population was born, the highest for any Australian suburb. The most common countries of birth were China 18. 3%, Thailand 14. 8%, Indonesia 10. 8%, Korea, Republic of 7. 0%. More than 80% of people spoke a language other than English at home, the main languages spoken were Mandarin 17. 0%, Thai 14. 4%, Indonesian 9. 6%, Cantonese 7. 6% and Korean 6. 4%. 99. 5% of dwellings were flats, units or apartments,48. 7% of households renting their accommodation were paying more than 30% of household income as rent, compared to the NSW average of 11. 6% and the Australian average of 10.4. Central railway station sits on the southern border, the Sydney Entertainment Centre is located in Haymarket, between Paddys Market and Darling Harbour. Building 5 of the University of Technology, Sydney is located in Haymarket, Haymarket is also serviced by the Dulwich Hill Line of Sydneys light rail network with stations at Central, Capitol Square and Paddys Markets. The light rail uses a former rail corridor. A short section of the corridor is not used by the light rail and this provides a pedestrian link to Railway Square and Central Station
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Broadway, Sydney
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Broadway is a 700-metre road in inner city Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The road constitutes the border between the suburbs of Ultimo and Chippendale, Broadway is also an urban locality. Broadway connects the end of George Street where it terminates at the junction with Harris and Regent streets. Broadway and Parramatta Road are part of the Great Western Highway, Broadway is historically important because it is one of the first roads built in the colony of New South Wales, in 1794. It had been called George Street South and then George Street West, after being widened in 1906 when the Central Railway Station was built, George Street west of Railway Square, it became known as The Broadway. This name was shortened to just Broadway. In the early century, travel to Parramatta on Parramatta Rd attracted a toll. It was the church of Norman Gilroy, the first Australian to become a cardinal. Broadway was once a major retailing centre, and for 90 years was home to the complex of department store chain Grace Brothers. The complex consisted of two stores on either side of Bay Street and it was visited by Queen Elizabeth II during her 1954 visit to Australia. Retailing on Broadway declined and the store was closed in 1995. Today this site contains the Broadway Shopping Centre on the western side, the southern side of the road was dominated by the Carlton & United brewery. The facility closed in December 2006 and the site was acquired on 29 June 2007, located opposite the University of Technology Sydney, One Central Park is an apartment complex with a shopping centre called Central located on the lower levels. Broadway was a busy thoroughfare in the first half of the 20th century. Since then it has been the entry point into the Central Business District for bus services from the Inner Western suburbs. A number of institutions are located on or around Broadway. These include the University of Technology, Sydney, University of Notre Dame, University of Sydney, UTS has a particularly strong presence. The UTS Tower is the tallest structure on Broadway and is a Sydney landmark, designed in the brutalist style, it has been described as one of Sydneys ugliest buildings
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Chippendale, New South Wales
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Chippendale is a small inner-city suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia on the southern edge of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Sydney. Chippendale is located between Broadway to the north and Cleveland Street to the south, Sydney Central railway station to the east, the area was first occupied by the Gadigal people of the Dharug Nation. William Chippendale was granted a 95-acre estate in 1819 and it stretched to the present day site of Redfern railway station. Chippendale sold the estate to Solomon Levey, emancipist and merchant, in 1821, Solomon Levey died while in London, in 1833. Leveys heirs sold over 62 acres to William Hutchinson, the eastern side of Chippendale, being adjacent to the CBD has a greater mix use than other parts of the suburb. It includes smaller offices and warehouses as well as cafes and pubs, Chippendale has also more recently become known as one of the key creative art districts of Sydney, with more than a dozen galleries in the small neighbourhood. Various creative events in the suburb also take place each year such as the Beams Festival, artist residencies were offered with the cooperation of Frasers during the construction of Central Park and Chippendale houses a lively creative community. The historic Regent Street railway station or Mortuary Station is located on the side of the suburb. The John Storey Memorial Dispensary was built in 1926 as a memorial to John Storey and it is located on Regent Street and still functions as a pathology and methadone clinic. Chippendale is the location of the 168-year-old Carlton & United brewery which closed in December 2006, in 2007, Frasers Property Australia purchased the brewery site from the Foster’s Group and lodged a modified concept plan for the 5.8 Hectare site. Central Park, Sydney is the renewal project in the area. Balfour Street Park, at the corner of Balfour and O’Connor Streets, acts as a gateway to Central Park. One Central Park is a large residential building on the site. Transport New South Wales has its headquarters in Chippendale, the University of Notre Dame Australia sits along the northern border with campus buildings scatterd through the suburb. The University of Technology, Sydney and the University of Sydney have campuses nearby, the Sydney campus of Curtin University is located at the eastern edge of Chippendale on Regent Street. The Boston University Sydney Campus is located on Regent Street in Chippendale, according to the 2011 census, there were 4,057 residents in Chippendale. 38. 3% of people were born in Australia, the most common other countries of birth were China 10. 6%, England 3. 8%, New Zealand 3. 3%, Indonesia 2. 6% and India 2. 5%. In Chippendale 50. 1% of people only spoke English at home, other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 10. 5%, Cantonese 3. 0%, Indonesian 2. 2%, Thai 2. 2% and Vietnamese 2. 1%
16.
Ku-ring-gai Council
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Ku-ring-gai Council is a local government area in the north shore region of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The region is named after the Kuringgai tribe who inhabited the area. Major transport routes through the area include the Pacific Highway and North Shore railway line, there are also many domestic gardens in the residential parts of Ku-ring-gai. The Mayor of Ku-ring-gai Council is Cr, at the 2012 local government election, David Ossip, aged 20 years, made history as he became the youngest person to ever be elected as a Councillor in the history of Ku-Ring-Gai Council. He was elected as the Councils Deputy Mayor in September 2015, aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 0. 1% of the population, significantly below the national average of 2. 5%. The median age of people in the Ku-ring-gai Council area was 41 years, children aged 0 –14 years made up 20. 6% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 17. 4% of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over,61. 5% were married and 6. 1% were either divorced or separated, a rate that is approximately half the national average. Population growth in the Ku-ring-gai Council area between the 2001 Census and the 2006 Census was 0. 93% and in the subsequent five years to the 2011 Census, the median weekly income for residents within the Ku-ring-gai Council area was significantly higher than the national average. At the 2011 Census, the area was diverse, with Asian languages spoken in more than 12% of households. Ku-ring-gai a Council is composed of ten Councillors elected proportionally as five separate wards, all Councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The Mayor is elected by the Councillors at the first meeting of the Council, the first leader of the council was elected at the first meeting on 8 December 1906, when Councillor William Cowan was elected as Shire President. There would not be a Deputy President until the election on 1 March 1920. On 22 September 1928, the Shire of Ku-ring-gai was proclaimed as the Municipality of Ku-ring-gai, in 1993, with the passing of a new Local Government Act, council was retitled as simply Ku-ring-gai Council and Aldermen were retitled as Councillors. During the term of former Planning Minister, Frank Sartor, planning law reforms were passed that gave development approval to a panel and this has been termed The Rape of Ku-ring-gai. The laws are intended to take development approval power away from local councils and to the Planning NSW, Planning panels are about to be introduced across New South Wales under recently passed planning reforms. In 2005-06, Ku-ring-gai had the second highest reported total development value in the state - A$1.7 billion, more than Parramatta, the proposal is currently on hold, pending a legal challenge initiated by the council. Ku-Ring-Gai Council Ku-Ring-Gai Art Centre and Gallery Artabase page
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Lindfield, New South Wales
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Lindfield is a suburb on the Upper North Shore of Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is 13 kilometres north-west of the Sydney Central Business District and is in the government area of Ku-ring-gai Council. East Lindfield is a suburb, although they share the postcode of 2070. This suburb of 5.17 square kilometres contains residential housing of California bungalow and federation style, in double brick, Australian native bushland in Garigal National Park and Lane Cove National Park borders the suburb. The suburb is known for its leafy surrounds and relaxed suburban lifestyle, Lindfield was originally the home of the Kuringgai indigenous people. Europeans first became active in the area in around 1810, when the government set up a timber gathering camp staffed by convicts. By the 1840s, fruit growing and farming became the primary industries. Settlement began to increase in the half of the eighteenth century. The Lindfield railway station opened in 1890, and Lindfield Post Office opened on 5 January 1895, land values increased in the area around the railway and more professionals moved into the area. The name Lindfield means a clearing in the lime forest, and derives from the name given by a landowner, Francis List. List likely named his cottage after Lindfield, Sussex, England, when a railway line came through the area in 1890s, the name of the property was used to identify the station and neighbourhood. During the years after World War II the suburb experienced significant growth, the Pacific Highway is the main arterial road through Lindfield. Lindfield has a commercial area on both sides of Lindfield railway station on the Pacific Highway and Lindfield Avenue. The former Commonwealth Bank is an art deco building on the Pacific Highway. Lindfield has five places of worship, St Albans Anglican Church, Holy Family Catholic Church, Lindfield Uniting Church, schools in the suburb comprise, Lindfield Public School, Lindfield East Public School, Newington College Preparatory School, Holy Family Catholic Primary School, and Masada College. The University of Technology, Sydney, Kuringai Campus operated at a campus on Eton Road from 1971 to 2015 and it offered courses in business, nursing and midwifery, education and travel. The site will be developed as Lindfield Learning Village public school, Lindfield Library is a branch of the Ku-ring-gai Municipal Library Network. There are two community halls, East Lindfield Community Hall at Crana Avenue and West Lindfield Community Hall at Moore Avenue, there are two tennis courts at Lindfield Community Centre and a further two courts at Lindfield Park in Tryon Road
18.
UTS Tower
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The UTS Tower, also known as UTS Central, is one of many buildings that constitute the University of Technology, Sydney, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Completed in 1979 in the brutalist architectural style, the tower is 120 metres tall and is used primarily for academic administration. It is located south of the central business district, near to Central Railway station and opposite One Central Park at 15 Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales. The original 1964 plan provided for a row of seven buildings on the site. In 1965 it was to be four buildings of fifteen, twenty, and by 1966, three buildings were planned of thirteen, twenty-two and sixteen storeys with two basements and five podium levels. The plan was to create a campus with all facilities being self-contained. An alternative interpretation of the Towers rationale was provided by Shoplift and it alleged that the architects had been instructed to develop a building in which students would not want to congregate. This was in the wake of the 1968 student riots in Paris, by the mid-1970s, with cutbacks in Commonwealth funding, the grand plan was reduced to two buildings, the second to be not proceeded with. Construction commenced in 1969 only two weeks after the State Government announced the signing of the contract, the site quickly became a huge hole in the ground,300 square feet and 50 feet deep and a great attraction to passers-by. Due to inclement weather, it filled with water. Some journalists from the nearby Fairfax building rowed across the flooded excavation site in an idle moment, the continual rain not only delayed work but also posed construction problems particularly with the hydraulic shaft wells. In one attempt to clear them, a diver was employed to drill holes allowing the water to move into the sub-strata. This procedure was successful – until it rained again, as it was being built at the same time as the Sydney Opera House, the Tower became known as The Broadway Opera House rising, as the Sun newspaper quipped, in costs but in no other way. This was a reference to industrial action by the Builders Labourers Federation particularly over a dispute between its federal and state branch members, on one occasion eight BLF members locked themselves inside two high cranes and refused to come down. A single BLF dispute in 1970 lasted five weeks, the Tower was supposed to grow by a level every three weeks but at one point a level took eighteen months to complete. Finally, in 1975, university administration teams moved into the first few floors also using the area while the rest of the Tower was being completed. Once the first tower was almost complete, the Institute turned its attention to the second, the Commonwealth Government was not forthcoming financially so Building 2 was built to ground level and until NSWIT had signed a contract for completion, covered with a plastic sheet. The building opened in March 1980 with eleven floors instead of the planned twenty-two, the Tower has been described very colourfully and identified numerous times as Sydneys ugliest building, notably in The Sydney Morning Herald, by world-renowned architect Frank Gehry
19.
Brutalist architecture
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Brutalist architecture is a movement in architecture that flourished from the 1950s to the mid-1970s, descending from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century. The term originates from the French word for raw in the used by Le Corbusier to describe his choice of material béton brut. British architectural critic Reyner Banham adapted the term into brutalism to identify the emerging style, there is often an emphasis on graphically expressing in the external elevations and in the whole-site architectural plan the main functions and people-flows of the buildings. Brutalism became popular for educational buildings, but was rare for corporate projects. Brutalism became favoured for government projects, high-rise housing. In one critical appraisal by Banham, Brutalism was posited not as a style, Brutalism as an architectural critical term was not always consistently used by critics, architects themselves usually avoided using it altogether. More recently, brutalism has become used in popular discourse to refer to buildings of the twentieth century that are large or unpopular – as a synonym for brutal. The term brutalism was originally coined by the Swedish architect Hans Asplund to describe Villa Göth in Uppsala, designed in 1949 by his contemporaries Bengt Edman and he originally used the Swedish-language term nybrutalism, which was picked up by a group of visiting English architects, including Michael Ventris. In England, the term was adopted by architects Alison. The best known proto Brutalist architecture is the work of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier, in particular his 1952 Unité dHabitation, Brutalist buildings are usually formed with repeated modular elements forming masses representing specific functional zones, distinctly articulated and grouped together into a unified whole. Concrete is used for its raw and unpretentious honesty, contrasting dramatically with the refined and ornamented buildings constructed in the elite Beaux-Arts style. Surfaces of cast concrete are made to reveal the nature of its construction. Brutalist building materials include brick, glass, steel, rough-hewn stone. Another common theme in Brutalist designs is the exposure of the buildings functions—ranging from their structure, from another perspective, the design of the Hunstanton School included placing the facilitys water tank, normally a hidden service feature, in a prominent, visible tower. This style had a position in the architecture of European communist countries from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s. In Czechoslovakia brutalism was presented as an attempt to create a national, John Andrewss government and institutional structures in Australia also exhibit the style. In the United States Paul Rudolph and Ralph Rapson are both noted Brutalists, Walter Netsch is known for his Brutalist academic buildings. Marcel Breuer was known for his approach to the style
20.
The Sydney Morning Herald
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The Sydney Morning Herald is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1831 as the Sydney Herald, the SMH is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia, the newspaper is published six days a week. It is available at outlets in Sydney, regional New South Wales, Canberra, the Sydney Morning Herald includes a variety of supplements, including the magazines Good Weekend, and Sunday Life. By February 2016, average circulation had fallen to 104,000, similarWeb rates the site as the fifth most visited news website in Australia and as the 42nd newspapers website globally, attracting more than 15 million visitors per month. In 1931 a Centenary Supplement was published, the original four-page weekly had a print run of 750. In 1840, the newspaper began to publish daily, in 1841, an Englishman named John Fairfax purchased the operation, renaming it The Sydney Morning Herald the following year. Fairfax, whose family were to control the newspaper for almost 150 years, based his editorial policies upon principles of candour, honesty and we have no wish to mislead, no interest to gratify by unsparing abuse or indiscriminate approbation. During the decade 1890, Donald Murray worked there, the SMH was late to the trend of printing news rather than just advertising on the front page, doing so from 15 April 1944. Of the countrys metropolitan dailies, only The West Australian was later in making the switch, in 1949, the newspaper launched a Sunday edition, The Sunday Herald. Four years later, this was merged with the newly acquired Sun newspaper to create The Sun-Herald, in 1995, the company launched the newspapers web edition smh. com. au. The site has grown to include interactive and multimedia features beyond the content in the print edition. Around the same time, the organisation moved from Jones Street to new offices at Darling Park and built a new printing press at Chullora, the SMH has since moved with other Sydney Fairfax divisions to a building at Darling Island. In May 2007, Fairfax Media announced it would be moving from a format to the smaller compact or tabloid-size, in the footsteps of The Times. Fairfax Media dumped these plans later in the year, however, in June 2012, Fairfax Media again announced it planned to shift both broadsheet newspapers to tabloid size, in March 2013. Fairfax also announced it would cut staff across the group by 1,900 over three years and erect paywalls around the papers websites. The subscription type is to be a model, limiting readers to a number of free stories per month, with a payment required for further access. In July 2013 it was announced that the SMHs news director, Darren Goodsir, would become Editor-in-Chief, on 22 February 2014, the final Saturday edition was produced in broadsheet format with this too converted to compact format on 1 March 2014. Ahead of the decommissioning of the plant at Chullora in June 2014
21.
High-tech architecture
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High-tech architecture appeared as revamped modernism, an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances. This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism, however, there remain gray areas as to one category ends. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture, some of its themes and ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement. In buildings such as the Pompidou Centre, this idea of revealed structure is taken to the extreme, in this case, the use of structural steel is a stylistic or aesthetic matter. Early high-tech buildings were referred to by historian Reyner Banham as serviced sheds due to their exposure of mechanical services in addition to the structure, most of these early examples used exposed structural steel as their material of choice. As hollow structural sections had become widely available in the early 1970s. Buildings in this style were constructed mainly in North America. It is deeply connected with what is called the Second School of Chicago which emerged after World War II, the main content is that the technological kind of construction, mostly with steel and glass, is expressed in a formal independent way to gain aesthetic qualities from it. The first proper example are the 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, potter, New York. —found in industrial catalogues and putting these to use in residential settings. The foreword to the book by architect Emilio Ambasz, former curator of design at the Museum of Modern Art, put the trend in historical context. As a result of the publicity and popularity of the book, the style became known as High-Tech. In 1979, the term high-tech appeared for the first time in a New Yorker magazine cartoon showing a woman berating her husband for not being enough, Youre middle-, middle-. But credit should go to a shop on 64th Street and Lexington Avenue in New York, Ad Hoc Housewares, which opened in 1977, for marketing these objects to a residential audience before anyone else. The book went on to be reprinted in England, France, and Japan, high-tech architecture was, in some ways, a response to growing disillusionment with modern architecture. The realization of Le Corbusiers urban development plans led to cities with monotonous, enthusiasm for economic building led to extremely low-quality finishes, with subsequent degradation countering a now-waning aesthetic novelty. High-tech architecture created a new aesthetic in contrast with modern architecture. In High Tech, The Industrial Style and Source Book for The Home, when discussing the high-tech aesthetic and this humour so aptly demonstrates the rebellious attitude. A prime example of this is the Centre Pompidou in Paris and this highlights one of the aims of high-tech architecture, to show the technical elements of the building by externalizing them
22.
Frank Gehry
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Frank Owen Gehry, CC is a Canadian-born American architect, residing in Los Angeles. A number of his buildings, including his private residence, have become world-renowned attractions and it was his private residence in Santa Monica, California, that jump-started his career. Gehry is also the designer of the future National Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial, Gehry was born Frank Owen Goldberg on February 28,1929, in Toronto, Ontario, to parents Sadie Thelma and Irving Goldberg. His father was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Russian Jewish parents, a creative child, he was encouraged by his grandmother, with whom he would build little cities out of scraps of wood. With these scraps from her husbands store, she entertained him for hours, building imaginary houses. His use of corrugated steel, chain link fencing, unpainted plywood and he would spend time drawing with his father, while his mother introduced him to the world of art. So the creative genes were there, Gehry says, but my father thought I was a dreamer, I wasnt gonna amount to anything. It was my mother who thought I was just reticent to do things and he was given the Hebrew name Ephraim by his grandfather, but only used it at his bar mitzvah. In 1947, his family immigrated to the United States settling in California, Gehry got a job driving a delivery truck, and studied at Los Angeles City College, eventually to graduate from the University of Southern Californias School of Architecture. During that time, he became a member of Alpha Epsilon Pi, according to Gehry, I was a truck driver in L. A. going to City College, and I tried radio announcing, which I wasnt very good at. I tried chemical engineering, which I wasnt very good at and didnt like and you know, somehow I just started wracking my brain about, What do I like. And I remembered art, that I loved going to museums and I loved looking at paintings and those things came from my mother, who took me to concerts and museums. I remembered Grandma and the blocks, and just on a hunch, Gehry graduated with a Bachelor of Architecture degree from USC in 1954. After graduating from college, he spent time away from the field of architecture in other jobs. In the fall of 1956, he moved his family to Cambridge and he left before completing the program, disheartened and underwhelmed. Gehry returned to Los Angeles to work for Victor Gruen Associates, in 1957 he was given the chance to design and construct his first private residence at the age of 28, with friend and old classmate Greg Walsh. Built in Idyllwild, California for his wife Anita’s family neighbor Melvin David, The David Cabin, completed in 1958, beams protrude from the exterior sides and exposed, unfinished ceiling beams are prominent features. In 1961, he moved to Paris where he worked for architects Pereira, in 1962, Gehry established a practice in Los Angeles which became Frank Gehry and Associates in 1967 and then Gehry Partners in 2001
23.
UTS Library
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UTS Library provides support for the teaching, learning and research needs of the students and staff of the University of Technology, Sydney. UTS Library is located in Haymarket, Sydney, the library is widely recognised as a leader in the innovative implementation of library services, facilities and technologies. Many library services are available online via the Library’s website and these include the Library Catalogue, borrowing information, referencing and writing help, BONUS+ and InterLibrary Loans, and assistance via the Ask a Librarian service. Ask a Librarian offers clients a number of ways to communicate with library staff, including face-to-face, online chat, research consultation can also be arranged for postgraduate research students and staff. The Library has a presence on Facebook, Twitter. Internet access for mobile devices and laptops is available throughout the library, Library staff provide face-to-face assistance at service points in the library and deliver a comprehensive information skills training program throughout the semester. The Library is also home to over 400 computers for UTS students and staff, the Library Retrieval System is an automated storage and retrieval system for the librarys low use items. The LRS currently houses 325,000 items, whilst 250,000 of the more recent, the system has capacity for around one million items, ensuring a long-term storage solution for many years to come. UTS is only the library in Australia to use this technology, though the technology has been tested. UTS Librarys LRS is located underground and the first to combine ASRS with Radio-frequency identification tagging, making it one of the most technically sophisticated library systems in the world. The LRS forms part of the universitys City Campus Masterplan, which has seen a rollout of new buildings. The facility is highly sustainable, having been constructed as part of the 5 Green Star design rated Thomas St project nearby, more information about the Library Retrieval System is available on the Library’s website. UTS Library has a number of collections, particularly related to the field of design. In 2011, UTS Library purchased a collection of material relating to the Australian artist, writer. The collection of over 700 items was formed by the cartoonist, the collection is of interest to historians and researchers in the social sciences and visual communication field. The Library has adopted the Australian Information Literacy Standards as the basis for the information literacy framework, collaboration between Library staff, academic staff and other professional units at UTS is required to integrate information literacy activities into courses and to achieve quality learning outcomes. Librarians work in collaboration with staff to deliver course-related training, integrated into the curriculum and delivered in appropriate online. UTS ePress is the digital, open access scholarly publishing arm of the university, the UTS eScholarship team are responsible for the management and publication of scholarly output through UTSePress
24.
College and university rankings
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College and university rankings are rankings of institutions in higher education ordered by various combinations of various factors. Rankings have most often conducted by magazines, newspapers, websites, governments. In addition to ranking entire institutions, organizations perform rankings of specific programs, departments, various rankings mostly evaluating on institutional output by research. Some rankings evaluate institutions within a country, while others assess institutions worldwide. The subject has produced much debate about rankings usefulness and accuracy, the expanding diversity in rating methodologies and accompanying criticisms of each indicate the lack of consensus in the field. The variety of academic rankings provide an overview and insightful overlook of different academic institutions on composite capabilities in academia. For rankings of United States universities in particular, see Rankings of universities in the United States, several organizations produce worldwide university rankings, including the following. The ranking is funded by the Chinese government and its purpose was to measure the gap between Chinese and world class universities. In the 2015 Academic Ranking of World Universities there are no Chinese universities in the first 100 of 500 places, ARWU rankings have been cited by The Economist magazine. It has been lauded for being consistent and transparent based on an article, the education ministers of France, Norway and Denmark traveled to China to discuss and find ways to improve their rankings. ARWU does not rely on surveys and school submissions, among other criteria, ARWU includes the number of articles published by Nature or Science and the number of Nobel Prize winners and Fields Medalists. Harvard has topped the ranking for years, one of the primary criticisms of ARWUs methodology is that it is biased towards the natural sciences and English language science journals over other subjects. This Saudi Arabia-based consulting organization has published rankings of world universities since 2012. This university ranking is owned by the French consulting company and rating agency SMBG and it ranks masters and MBA in its 9 geographical regions. G-factor ranks university and college web presence by counting the number of only from other university websites. G-factor is an indicator of the popularity or importance of each universitys website from the perspectives of other institutions. The annual U. S. News Best Global Universities rankings were produced to provide insight into how universities compare globally. The Best Global Universities rankings also provide insight into how U. S. universities – which U. S. News has been ranking separately for more than 30 years – stand globally
25.
Times Higher Education World University Rankings
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Times Higher Education World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by Times Higher Education magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli Symonds to publish the joint THE–QS World University Rankings from 2004 to 2009 before it turned to Thomson Reuters for a new ranking system. It is considered as one of the most widely observed university measures together with Academic Ranking of World Universities and it is praised for having a new improved methodology but undermining non-English-instructing institutions and being commercialized are the major criticisms. Times Higher Education chose to partner with educational and careers advice company QS to supply the data, the publication developed a new rankings methodology in consultation with its readers, its editorial board and Thomson Reuters. Thomson Reuters will collect and analyse the data used to produce the rankings on behalf of Times Higher Education, the first ranking was published in September 2010. In fact, the surveys of reputation, which made up 40 percent of scores, and its clear that our research measures favored the sciences over the humanities. He went on to describe previous attempts at peer review as embarrassing in The Australian, The sample was too small. THE published its first rankings using its new methodology on 16 September 2010, the Globe and Mail in 2010 described the Times Higher Education World University Rankings to be arguably the most influential. The inaugural 2010-2011 methodology contained 13 separate indicators grouped under five categories, Teaching, research, citations, international mix, the number of indicators is up from the Times-QS rankings published between 2004 and 2009, which used six indicators. A draft of the methodology was released on 3 June 2010. The names of the categories and the weighting of each was modified in the final methodology, the overall ranking score was calculated by making Z-scores all datasets to standardize different data types on a common scale to better make comparisons among data. The reputational component of the came from an Academic Reputation Survey conducted by Thomson Reuters in spring 2010. The survey gathered 13,388 responses among scholars statistically representative of global higher educations geographical, the magazines category for industry income – innovation came from a sole indicator, institutions research income from industry scaled against the number of academic staff. The magazine stated that it used this data as proxy for high-quality knowledge transfer, the Times stated that articles published in 2009–2010 have not yet completely accumulated in the database. The magazine announced on 5 September 2011 that its 2011–2012 World University Rankings would be published on 6 October 2011, at the same time, the magazine revealed changes to the ranking formula that will be introduced with the new rankings. The methodology will continue to use 13 indicators across five categories and will keep its fundamental foundations. Teaching and research will each remain 30 percent of the overall score, however, a new international outlook – staff, students and research will be introduced and will make up 7.5 percent of the final score. One 2011–2012 indicator, the public research income, will be dropped
26.
Academic Ranking of World Universities
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Academic Ranking of World Universities, also known as Shanghai Ranking, is an annual publication of university rankings by Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. The publication currently includes worlds overall and subject league tables, alongside independent regional Greater China Ranking, ARWU is regarded as one of the three most influential and widely observed university measures, alongside QS World University Rankings and Times Higher Education World University Rankings. It is praised for its objective methodology but draws some condemnation for narrowly focusing on raw power, undermining humanities. ARWU is praised by media and institutions for its methodology. A survey on higher education published by The Economist in 2005 commented ARWU as the most widely used annual ranking of the research universities. In 2010, The Chronicle of Higher Education called ARWU the best-known, EU Research Headlines reported the ARWUs work on 31 December 2003, The universities were carefully evaluated using several indicators of research performance. Chancellor of University of Oxford, Chris Patten and former Vice-Chancellor of Australian National University, Ian Chubb, said and it looks like a pretty good stab at a fair comparison. And The SJTU rankings were reported quickly and widely around the offer an important comparative view of research performance. Philip G. Altbach named ARWUs consistency, clarity of purpose, whilst ARWU has originated in China, the ranking have been praised for being unbiased towards Asian institutions. Like all other rankings, ARWU has criticism and it is condemned for relying too much on award factors thus undermining the importance of quality of instruction and humanities. A2007 paper published in the journal Scientometrics found that the results from the Shanghai rankings could not be reproduced from raw data using the described by Liu. A2013 paper in the journal finally showed how the Shanghai ranking results could be reproduced. In a report from April 2009, J-C, billaut, D. Bouyssou and Ph. Vincke analyse how the ARWU works, using their insights as specialists of Multiple Criteria Decision Making. The ARWU researchers themselves, N. C Liu and Y Cheng, think that the quality of universities cannot be measured by mere numbers. They suggest that university and college rankings should be used with caution, ARWU has been criticised by the European Commission as well as some EU member states for favour Anglo-Saxon higher education institutions. It is also criticised in France for its use as a motivation for fusing universities into larger ones, indeed, number of publications or award winners will mechanically add as universities are grouped, independently of research quality. The weighting of all the other remains unchanged, thus the grand total of 70%. There are two categories in ARWUs disciplinary rankings, broad subject fields and specific subjects, the methodology is similar to that adopted in the overall table, including award factors, paper citation, and the number of highly cited scholars
27.
U.S. News & World Report
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U. S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. Founded as a magazine in 1933, U. S. News transitioned to primarily web-based publishing in 2010. The rankings are popular in North America but have drawn criticism from colleges, administrations, and students for their dubious, disparate. The ranking system by U. S. News is usually contrasted with the Washington Monthly, United States News was founded in 1933 by David Lawrence, who also started World Report in 1946. The two magazines covered national and international news separately, but Lawrence merged them into U. S. News & World Report in 1948 and subsequently sold the magazine to his employees. Historically, the magazine tended to be more conservative than its two primary competitors, Time and Newsweek, and focused more on economic, health. It also eschewed sports, entertainment, and celebrity news, important milestones in the early history of the magazine include the introduction of the Washington Whispers column in 1934 and the News You Can Use column in 1952. In 1958, the magazines circulation passed one million and reached two million by 1973. Since 1983, it has become known primarily for its influential ranking and annual reports of colleges and graduate schools, spanning across most fields and its print edition was consistently included in national bestseller lists, augmented by online subscriptions. Additional rankings published by U. S. News & World Report include hospitals, in October 1984, publisher and real estate developer Mortimer B. Zuckerman purchased U. S. News & World Report. Zuckerman is also the owner of the New York Daily News, in 1993, U. S. News & World Report entered the digital world by providing content to CompuServe and in 1995, the website usnews. com was launched. In 2001, the won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online. In 2007, U. S. News & World Report published its first list of the nations best high schools and its ranking methodology includes state test scores and the success of poor and minority students on these exams, and schools performance in Advanced Placement exams. Starting in June 2008, the magazine reduced its frequency in three steps. It switched in June 2008 from weekly to biweekly, in November 2008 it decreased to monthly. In November 2010, it was reported that U. S, moving forward, the publication expressed its plans to focus mainly on research and the provision of relevant information to students pursuing higher education. Its rankings and university guide books are available in print at the majority of bookstores and magazine vendors in the United States, selling millions of copies on an annual basis. In June 2008, citing the overall magazine circulation and advertising, U. S. News & World Report announced that it would become a biweekly publication
28.
CWTS Leiden Ranking
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The CWTS Leiden Ranking is an annual global university ranking based exclusively on bibliometric indicators. The rankings are compiled by the Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University in the Netherlands, the Thomson Reuters bibliographic database Web of Science is used as the source of the publication and citation data. The Leiden Ranking ranks universities worldwide by number of academic publications according to the volume, the rankings take into account differences in language, discipline and institutional size. In addition to impact, the Leiding Ranking also ranks universities by scientific collaboration, including collaboration with other institutions. The first edition of the Leiden Ranking was produced in 2007, as in other university rankings, Leidens top 20 is heavily dominated by American universities. King Abdulaziz University and King Saud University in Saudi Arabia led the list in 2014 when measured by international collaboration, the Leiden Ranking ranks universities by the following indicators, MCS - mean citation score. The average number of citations of the publications of a university, MNCS - mean normalized citation score. The average number of citations of the publications of a university, normalized for field differences, for example, an MNCS value of 2 means that the publications of a university have been cited twice above world average. PP - proportion of top 10% publications, the proportion of the publications of a university that belong to the top 10% most frequently cited, compared with other publications in the same field and in the same year. PP - proportion of collaborative publications. The proportion of the publications of a university that have been co-authored with one or more other organizations, PP - proportion of internationally collaborative publications. The proportion of the publications of a university that have been co-authored by two or more countries, PP - proportion of collaborative publications with industry. The proportion of the publications of a university that have been co-authored with one or more industrial partners, PP - proportion of short-distance collaborative publications. The proportion of the publications of a university with a geographical collaboration distance of less than 100 km, PP - proportion of long-distance collaborative publications. The proportion of the publications of a university with a geographical collaboration distance of more than 1000 km, in a 2010 article, Loet Leydesdorff criticized the method used by the Leiden Ranking to normalize citation impact by subject field. Website of the CWTS Leiden Ranking
29.
Student orientation
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The name of the period varies by country. Although usually described as a week, the length of this varies widely from university to university and country to country. The length of the week is often affected by each universitys tradition as well as financial and physical constraints, during this period, students participate in a wide range of social activities, including live music and other performances, sports challenges, stunts, and open-air markets. The week before the term starts is known as, Frosh in some colleges and universities in Canada, in Sweden, it is known as nollning or inspark. Orientation week is the phrase in the United States. Some schools use the acronym WOW for Week of Welcome, in Canada, first year students are called Frosh or first years. The terms freshies and freshers are also emerging, in the United States, first year university students are typically referred to as freshmen. In the U. K. and Ireland first year students are known as freshers or first years, freshies is also an emerging term in New Zealand. In Sweden, the student is a nolla during the period and usually upgraded to the status of an etta at a ceremony involving a fancy three-course dinner. In Australia, some universities require students to arrive at university a week before classes start in order to gain course approval and this is generally followed by continued partying and drinking, especially among students living in residential colleges such as Janet Clarke Hall and Ormond College. The Adelaide University O-Week runs from Monday to Thursday in the week before lectures begin, during O-Week sporting clubs and societies set up a variety of tented areas where clubs display their activities. The Adelaide University Union coordinates a variety of events centering around beer, bands, a major event for the week is the O-Ball which takes place in the Cloisters. The O-Ball attracts many thousands of revellers, not all of whom are Adelaide University students, in Canada, the nature and length of orientation week varies considerably between Universities. For instance, Ottawa, has two universities within its centre, the University of Ottawa and Carleton University, both with orientations spanning approximately 7 days. At The University of Ottawa, Frosh Week is Called 101 week, at Carleton University there are multiple orientations, SPROSH, ENG Frosh, Radical Frosh, and the largest, CUSA/RRRA/SEO Frosh. In the province of Quebec, because of the CEGEP system, froshies are of legal drinking age, moreover, the proximity of the two Ottawa universities also allows them to take advantage of the drinking age in neighbouring Gatineau, Quebec. The University of British Columbia cancels the first day of class for all students, similarly, Ryerson University also has a number of Frosh Weeks organized by different student groups, although it also has a central frosh team known as the Ryerson Orientation Crew. At the Friday of frosh week, the Ryerson Students Union holds a concert that is free for all Ryerson students, mcMaster University also organizes many events during what they term Welcome Week
30.
2SER
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2SER is a community radio station in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, broadcasting on the frequency 107.3 FM and is a member of the Community Broadcasting Association of Australia. The station operates as a limited by guarantee and is jointly owned by Macquarie University. Both institutions contribute an annual grant to 2SER, however the station is largely self-supporting, relying upon revenue raised through programming, sponsorship, fund-raising events, the station has a metro-wide licence and broadcasts a mix of programming styles - specialist music, general magazine and specialist talks. It currently broadcasts 15 talks shows covering topics such as science, current affairs, health, conservation, publishing, 2SER is also one of few media outlets that has a special program for prisoners. On 1 October 1979 the station was opened by the Federal Minister for Education, Senator John Carrick, in the mid-1990s the station expanded its programming to emphasise underground dance music which was very popular in Sydney at the time. In late 2004, the station was faced with a budget shortfall of up to $100,000 that financial year. Internal activism resulted in a softening of policy, in early 2005 the new program grid was launched, and despite the controversy in its lead up, it proved to be a simple reshuffle of the existing grid, rather than a dramatic overhaul. Official website The Wire national current affairs Diffusion Science Radio Razors Edge - current affairs The Election Nerds - politics
31.
Macquarie University
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Macquarie University is a public research university based in Sydney, Australia, in the suburb of Macquarie Park. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the university to be established in the metropolitan area of Sydney. The university is the first in Australia to fully align its degree system with the Bologna Accord, during this enquiry, the Senate of the University of Sydney put in a submission which highlighted the immediate need to establish a third university in the metropolitan area. Macquarie University was formally established in 1964 with the passage of the Macquarie University Act 1964 by the New South Wales parliament. The academic core was designed in the Brutalist style and developed by the town planner Walter Abraham who also oversaw the next 20 years of planning. A committee appointed to advise the government on the establishment of the new university at North Ryde nominated Abraham as the architect-planner. The first Vice-Chancellor of Macquarie University, Alexander George Mitchell, was selected by the University Council which met for the first time on 17 June 1964. Members of the first university council included, Colonel Sir Edward Ford OBE, David Paver Mellor, Rae Else-Mitchell QC, the university first opened to students on 6 March 1967 with more students than anticipated. The Australian Universities Commission had allowed for 510 effective full-time students, between 1968 and 1969, enrolment at Macquarie increased dramatically with an extra 1200 EFTS, with 100 new academic staff employed. 1969 also saw the establishment of the Macquarie Graduate School of Management, Macquarie grew during the seventies and eighties with rapid expansion in courses offered, student numbers and development of the site. In 1972, the university established the Macquarie Law School, the law school in Sydney. In their book Liberality of Opportunity, Bruce Mansfield and Mark Hutchinson describe the founding of Macquarie University as an act of faith, after over a decade of service, the first Vice Chancellor Professor Mitchell was succeeded by Professor Edwin Webb in December 1975. Professor Webb was required to steer the university one of its most difficult periods as the value of universities were debated. Professor Webb left the university in 1986 and was succeeded by Di Yerbury, Professor Yerbury would go on to hold the position of Vice-Chancellor for nearly 20 years. In 1990 the university absorbed the Institute of Early Childhood Studies of the Sydney College of Advanced Education, Professor Steven Schwartz replaced Di Yerbury at the beginning of 2006. Yerburys departure was attended with controversy, including a bitter dispute with Schwartz, disputed ownership of university artworks worth $13 million. In August 2006, Professor Schwartz expressed concern about the actions of Yerbury in a letter to university auditors, Yerbury strongly denied any wrongdoing and claimed the artworks were hers. The university Council resolved to immediately remove Ma from his position, Vice-Chancellor Schwartz cited an urgent need to reform Macquaries main student bodies
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UTS Students' Association
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The University of Technology, Sydney, Students Association is the representative body for students at the University of Technology, Sydney. It is based at the Broadway campus of UTS and it commissions the student magazine Vertigo. Historically, this has resulted in successful campaigns which have won rights for students in the University. The executive for 2016 are, The Wom*ns department creates a space and this includes a Wom*ns Space at two of the Campuses, Broadway and Kuring-gai. The Indigenous Collective is a group exclusively for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students, the Collective meets weekly and works alongside, but independent of, Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning. Founded in 2012, they do not have a space but run campaigns surrounding Indigenous issues and have been a political and pastoral component of the Students Association since their inception. The Queer department runs campaigns for LGBTIQ students on campus and maintains a Queer Space at two of the Campuses - Broadway and Kuring-Gai, opened to students who suffer physical, mental and/or emotional disability, and debatably, open to carers of people with disabilities. The group operates without a space, but cooperates with many internal UTS sectors to ensure students with disabilities receive adequate support, the group also campaigns around larger abilities awareness projects. The welfare collective is opened to all students, but has in the past been asked to be the organising body for students from low socio-economic backgrounds. The collective aims to help students by providing food, how2life workshops and these workshops have covered topics like cooking 101, renting how to, and fair wage/your rights. 1966 - N. H. Clarke 1967 - N. H. Clarke 1968 - Eric Mobbs 1969 - Jim Kosturas 1970 - J
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Gridiron NSW
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Gridiron Australia is the governing body of American football in Australia. It is a sporting association under federal government regulations and is a member of the International Federation of American Football. The organisation was formed in 1996, Gridiron Australia oversees the countrys national team, which has competed in the IFAF World Cup. It is a body of the state-level leagues and does not manage a national-level league itself. Leagues also provide teams to the Gridiron Australia National Championships. In 2012, the Australian Gridiron League was established by Gridiron Australia, there is no uniform gridiron season in Australia, with the leagues playing at different times of the year. The Australia national team, known as Australian Outback, consists of 92 players chosen from all seven participating states and these players represent Australia in international competitions such as the IFAF World Cup, the Oceania Bowl, a recent Tahiti Football Festival and other national level events. The 2015 IFAF World Cup was held between July 9–18 and consisted of seven countries playing twelve games at the Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium, Australia finished fifth after defeating South Korea 42-14. The gold medal was awarded to the USA, silver to Japan, the mens Australian Outback National Team travelled to Tahiti to participate in the very first Tahitian Football Festival hosted by Federation Tahitienne Football American. The purpose of this trip was to assist Tahiti with developing their own national team, American Somoa were invited to participate in the festival which had the intention of encouraging the growth of gridiron in the Oceania Region. Australia played two games during the day stay with winning results. The first game was held on the 27th July 2016, against American Samoa, the second game was played on the 30th July 2016, against Tahiti who the Outbacks defeated 82-6. There are 70 clubs that compete in full contact junior, senior, representative teams are formed by players from across the league, not solely from the leagues championship team. Gridiron Australia also includes non-contact touch football and flag football competitions, NOTE, = Womens team registered under the same name as Seniors. = Juniors team registered under the name as Seniors
