1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
2.
Public university
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A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
Public university
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Cairo University, the prime indigenous model for Egyptian state universities
Public university
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Old Merensky Library at
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Public university
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Sebelas Maret University, one of Indonesia's prominent public universities.
Public university
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Chulalongkorn University main auditorium in Thailand
3.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
Financial endowment
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Basic investment types
4.
Canadian dollar
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The Canadian dollar is the currency of Canada. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or sometimes Can$ or C$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies and it is divided into 100 cents. Canadas dollar is the fifth most held reserve currency in the world, accounting for approximately 2% of all global reserves, behind only the U. S. dollar, the euro, the yen and the pound sterling. In 1841, the Province of Canada adopted a new system based on the Halifax rating, the new Canadian pound was equal to four US dollars, making one pound sterling equal to 1 pound,4 shillings, and 4 pence Canadian. Thus, the new Canadian pound was worth 16 shillings and 5.3 pence sterling, the 1850s was a decade of wrangling over whether to adopt a sterling monetary system or a decimal monetary system based on the US dollar. In 1851, the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly passed an act for the purposes of introducing a sterling unit in conjunction with decimal fractional coinage. The idea was that the coins would correspond to exact amounts in relation to the U. S. dollar fractional coinage. This gold standard was introduced with the gold sovereign being legal tender at £1 = US$ 4.86 2⁄3, no coinage was provided for under the 1853 act. Sterling coinage was legal tender and all other silver coins were demonetized. The British government in principle allowed for a decimal coinage but nevertheless held out the hope that a unit would be chosen under the name of royal. However, in 1857, the decision was made to introduce a decimal coinage into the Province of Canada in conjunction with the U. S. dollar unit, in 1859, Canadian colonial postage stamps were issued with decimal denominations for the first time. In 1860, the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia followed the colony of Canada in adopting a system based on the U. S. dollar unit. In the following year, Canadian colonial postage stamps were issued with the shown in dollars. The U. S. dollar was created in 1792 on the basis of the weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. As such, the Spanish dollar was slightly more than the U. S. dollar, and likewise. In 1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were united in a called the Dominion of Canada. In 1871, Prince Edward Island went decimal within the U. S. dollar unit, however, the currency of Prince Edward Island was absorbed into the Canadian system shortly afterwards, when Prince Edward island joined the Dominion of Canada in 1873. The Canadian Parliament passed the Uniform Currency Act in April 1871, tying up loose ends as to the currencies of the various provinces, the gold standard was temporarily abandoned during the First World War and definitively abolished on April 10,1933
Canadian dollar
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$5 gold Canadian coin from 1914. Reverse side shown depicting a shield with the arms of the Dominion of Canada. The coin weighs 8.36 grams and is 90% gold giving it 7.524 grams of gold. It has a diameter of 21.59 mm and a thickness of 1.82 mm at the rim.
Canadian dollar
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2011
Polymer notes (Frontier Series)
Canadian dollar
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$1 Dominion of Canada note issued in 1898.
Canadian dollar
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Bank of Montreal, 10 dollars (1935) First note printed for the series.
5.
Postgraduate education
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In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
Postgraduate education
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The enrollment of some students in the
University of Bologna.
6.
Winnipeg
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Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the centre of North America and is 110 kilometres from the U. S. border. It is also the place of the confluence of the Red, the city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg, the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water. The region was a centre for aboriginal peoples long before the arrival of Europeans. French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738, a settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812, the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873. As of 2011, Winnipeg is the seventh most populated municipality in Canada, being located very far inland, the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C and average July highs of 26 °C. Known as the Gateway to the West, Winnipeg is a railway, Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games. It is home to professional sports franchises, including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, the Winnipeg Jets, Manitoba Moose. Winnipeg lies at the confluence of the Assiniboine and the Red River of the North and this point was at the crossroads of canoe routes travelled by First Nations before European contact. Winnipeg is named after nearby Lake Winnipeg, the name is a transcription of the Western Cree words for muddy or brackish water. Estimates of the date of first settlement in this area are varied, in 1805, Canadian colonists observed First Nations peoples engaged in farming activity along the Red River. The practice quickly expanded, driven by the demand by traders for provisions, the rivers provided an extensive transportation network linking northern First Peoples with those to the south along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. The Ojibwe made some of the first maps on birch bark, sieur de La Vérendrye built the first fur trading post on the site in 1738, called Fort Rouge. French trading continued at this site for decades before the arrival of the British Hudsons Bay Company after France ceded the territory following its defeat in the Seven Years War. Many French and later British men who were trappers married First Nations women, their mixed-race children hunted, traded and they gradually developed as an ethnicity known as the Métis because of sharing a traditional culture. Lord Selkirk was involved with the first permanent settlement, the purchase of land from the Hudsons Bay Company, the North West Company built Fort Gibraltar in 1809, and the Hudsons Bay Company built Fort Douglas in 1812, both in the area of present-day Winnipeg. The two companies competed fiercely over trade, the Métis and Lord Selkirks settlers fought at the Battle of Seven Oaks in 1816. In 1821, the Hudsons Bay and North West Companies merged, Fort Gibraltar was renamed Fort Garry in 1822 and became the leading post in the region for the Hudsons Bay Company
Winnipeg
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Clockwise from top:
Downtown featuring the
Canadian Museum for Human Rights,
Investors Group Field,
Saint Boniface and the
Esplanade Riel bridge, Wesley Hall at the
University of Winnipeg,
Manitoba Legislative Building.
Winnipeg
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Winnipeg's old City Hall in 1887
Winnipeg
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The Winnipeg General Strike, 21 June 1919
Winnipeg
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River walkway near
The Forks, with
St. Boniface Cathedral in the background
7.
Manitoba
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Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada. It is one of the three provinces and Canadas fifth-most populous province with its estimated 1.3 million people. Manitoba covers 649,950 square kilometres with a varied landscape. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years, in the late 17th century, fur traders arrived in the area when it was part of Ruperts Land and owned by the Hudsons Bay Company. In 1869, negotiations for the creation of the province of Manitoba led to an uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada. The rebellions resolution led to the Parliament of Canada passing the Manitoba Act in 1870 that created the province, Manitobas capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is Canadas eighth-largest census metropolitan area. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, four of the provinces five universities and all four of its professional sports teams are in Winnipeg. The name Manitoba is believed to be derived from the Cree, the name derives from Cree manitou-wapow or Ojibwa manidoobaa, both meaning straits of Manitou, the Great Spirit, a place referring to what are now called The Narrows in the centre of Lake Manitoba. It may also be from the Assiniboine for Lake of the Prairie, the lake was known to French explorers as Lac des Prairies. Thomas Spence chose the name to refer to a new republic he proposed for the south of the lake. Métis leader Louis Riel also chose the name, and it was accepted in Ottawa under the Manitoba Act of 1870 and it adjoins Hudson Bay to the northeast, and is the only prairie province to have a saltwater coastline. The Port of Churchill is Canadas only Arctic deep-water port and the shortest shipping route between North America and Asia, Lake Winnipeg is the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. Hudson Bay is the worlds second-largest bay, Manitoba is at the heart of the giant Hudson Bay watershed, once known as Ruperts Land. It was a area of the Hudsons Bay Company, with many rivers. The province has a saltwater coastline bordering Hudson Bay and more than 110,000 lakes, Manitobas major lakes are Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis, and Lake Winnipeg, the tenth-largest freshwater lake in the world. Some traditional Native lands and boreal forest on Lake Winnipegs east side are a proposed UNESCO World Heritage Site. Manitoba is at the centre of the Hudson Bay drainage basin, with a volume of the water draining into Lake Winnipeg. This basins rivers reach far west to the mountains, far south into the United States, major watercourses include the Red, Assiniboine, Nelson, Winnipeg, Hayes, Whiteshell and Churchill rivers
Manitoba
Manitoba
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Deep Lake at Riding Mountain National Park.
Manitoba
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Polar bears are common in northern Manitoba
8.
Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada
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Universities Canada is an organization that represents Canadas colleges and universities. It is a non profit organization that coordinates university policies, guidance. Formed in 1911, as the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, it represents 97 public and private not-for-profit Canadian Universities and it provides member services in public policy and advocacy, communications, research and information-sharing, and scholarships and international programs. In April 2015, the organization renamed itself Universities Canada, Universities Canada is not a national accreditation body. Membership in the association requires universities to meet strict criteria and adhere to set principles of institutional quality assurance that must be reaffirmed every five years and this reinforces the recognition of a Canadian university degree around the world as a high-quality academic achievement. The association produces a number of publications, such as University Affairs magazine, the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canadas Arms, Supporters and Badge were registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority on May 10,2004. On 25 October 2011, the AUCC announced a new Statement on Academic Freedom which was adopted unanimously by the membership at its centennial meeting, Universities Canada works in an advocacy role with governments to promote higher education and awareness of the contributions Canadas universities make to the country. Its priorities are increasing funding for operating and capital costs, research. It is also involved in the copyright reform process. The association is active in managing government-funded international partnership programs. In partnership with Community Foundations of Canada and Rideau Hall Foundation, u15 Group of Canadian Research Universities Association of Commonwealth Universities Official website
Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada
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Arms of the AUCC
9.
Canada West Universities Athletic Association
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This is similar to what would be called a college athletic conference in the United States. The CWUAA is one of four such bodies that are members of the governing body for university athletics. The other three regional associations coordinating university-level sports in Canada are Ontario University Athletics, Atlantic University Sport, in 1971, the WIAA was split into the Canada West Universities Athletic Association and the Great Plains Athletic Association, the latter consisting of schools primarily from Manitoba. In 1988, the GPAA was absorbed into Canada West, in 2005, Thompson Rivers University, based in Kamloops, BC began competition in the conference. In 2006, the University College of the Fraser Valley, based in Abbotsford and Chilliwack, the school has since changed its name to the University of the Fraser Valley. On Sept.1,2010, the University of British Columbia at Okanagan was accepted as a member, also on Sept.1,2010, Thompson Rivers and UFV became full members. On May 4,2011, Mount Royal University was granted membership, after receiving approval from U Sports on June 21,2012, the Cougars started competition in mens and womens basketball, hockey, soccer and volleyball in the 2012-13 season. On Sept.20,2011, the University of Northern British Columbia was granted membership, after receiving CIS approval on June 21,2012, the Timberwolves started competition in mens and womens basketball and soccer in the 2012-13 season. In May 2014, Grant MacEwan University earned probationary status in the Canada West, CIS voting for full membership would follow later in spring of 2016 at the national governing bodys annual general meetings. Canadian athletic facilities are listed by their maximum capacity, which is often an estimate of their largest recorded crowd in the facility. These maximum capacities can and often do include standing room patrons, seated Capacity is the actual number of permanent seats, be they grandstands or permanently in use bleachers. This is why you will sometimes see larger capacities listed for these sites when searching for them on line, when capacity numbers have mismatched on source sites, unless the larger capacity could be confirmed as a seated capacity, the smaller capacity number has been listed here. Please update with verified seated capacities only when the release more accurate official seated capacities. Thompson Rivers University only plays basketball and volleyball at the U Sports level, soccer, badminton, and mens baseball are also played, but currently not at the U Sports level. Trinity Western University added Canada West teams in swimming, cross country, winnipeg has added wrestling for the 2011-12 season. Winnipeg also added baseball and soccer but are not at the U Sports level. The media has reported that the institutions are building their athletic programs for potential admission into the association. In May 2005, UBC made a bid to join the NCAA
Canada West Universities Athletic Association
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Canada West Universities Athletic Association (CWUAA/Canada West)
10.
University of the Arctic
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UArctic was launched on June 12,2001, endorsed by the Arctic Council and in conjunction with the 10th anniversary of the Rovaniemi Process and the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy. There are 143 members of UArctic, which includes 174 members, most UArctic members are higher education institutions, but other members include circumpolar indigenous organizations and research institutions. The University of the Arctic is governed by a structure in which the institutions are represented through various mechanisms. It has evolved steadily since the founding in 2001, with the latest addition being the Rectors Forum. The foundation of the structure is the annual UArctic Council, which consists of representatives from all member institutions and it holds powers roughly corresponding to the parliament of a parliamentary democracy. Between Council meetings, the committee, Toyon, deals with relevant issues. Toyon consists of the Chair, the Vice-secretary and the Chairs of all standing committees, all these positions are elected by the Council. The government of UArctic is the Board of Governors, which is elected by the council. At the Board meetings, the President and leader of the International Secretariat also participate, the Board works with the Council and Administration on relevant issues, and may delegate specific tasks. The President of UArctic is the chief executive officer and is responsible for overall administration. S/he is accountable to the Board for the management of the University. The President participates ex officio in meetings of the Council, Toyon and the Board, the Secretariat has the primary responsibility for coordinating internal and external information, examples of which are the monthly UArctic newsletter, Shared Voices, the website and news services. The Secretariat provides support for the rest of the UArctic structure, the Rectors Forum brings together university and college Presidents, Rectors, Provosts, Chancellors and Vice-Presidents around specific themes. The member organizations contribute resources to the University of the Arctic, a small membership fee is also collected from member organizations. Special emphasis is given to matters concerning Indigenous people of the Circumpolar North, the Circumpolar Studies program consists of two required components, The BCS Core and an Advanced Emphasis. The BCS Core consists of one lower-level introductory course and six upper-level advanced courses in three fields of study. As a north2north participant, students travel to another institution for a period of 3–12 months. This time period is dependent on the needs of the student, as well as the structures of their home, students have the advantage of taking courses that may not be available at their home institution and the courses taken during the exchange year are credited towards their degree
University of the Arctic
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University of Akureyri, Akureyri (Iceland)
University of the Arctic
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Ilisagvik College, Ilisagvik, Alaska (USA)
University of the Arctic
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University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard (Norway)
University of the Arctic
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Arkhangelsk State Technical University, Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk Province (Russia)
11.
Canadian University Press
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Canadian University Press is a non-profit co-operative and newswire service owned by more than 50 student newspapers at post-secondary schools in Canada. Founded in 1938, CUP is the oldest student newswire service in the world, many successful Canadian journalists got their starts in CUP and its member papers. CUP began as a syndication services that facilitated transnational story-sharing and this newswire continued as a private function until 2010 when it was turned into a competitive source for campus news in the form of an online public wire at cupwire. ca. CUPs head office is in Toronto, prior to April 1995, the head office was located in Ottawa. In Ottawa, CUP ran a company, called Common Printing Group, which was owned jointly with the National Union of Students. A national conference, which doubles as a general meeting, is held once a year in a different city. Each member paper exercises one vote at conferences, each region has an annual event subsidy which can be used to host events within the region, or jointly with other regions. This usually takes the form of conferences held in the spring. January 2011 will mark CUPs first fully bilingual national conference, in Montreal, hosted in part by the McGill Daily and Le Delit. The current structure for CUP, of a permanent newswire offered to Canadian University newspapers including the president, was established at CUP22 in Quebec City in 1959. Prior to this date the service was looser and more oriented towards an exchange of clippings between the papers, one of the delegates at CUP22 was future Canadian Prime Minister, Joe Clark, representing the University of Alberta paper, The Gateway. CUP is divided into six regions, WRCUP, PNCUP, ORCUP, CUPbeq, ARCUP, other acronyms for regions include CUPberta, and CCUP. Member papers contribute articles to the CUP wire, which runs stories authored by CUP staff. There are news, features, opinions, arts, sports, after stories are edited by the national bureau chief, they are made available on the wire for publication in CUP member papers. CUP formerly owned a multi-market ad placement agency, Canadian University Press Media Services Limited, Campus Plus declared bankruptcy in 2013. Until 2007, CUP was the member of the John H. McDonald Journalism Foundation, a charity named after CUPs first president, though the charity has been folded, it lives on through the yearly John H. Now and in recent years, the bureau chief has also served as CUPs vice-president
Canadian University Press
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Canadian University Press logo
12.
Manitoba College
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Manitoba College was a college that existed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from 1871 to 1967, when it became one of the University of Manitobas founding colleges. It was one of the first institutions of learning in the city of Winnipeg. The first graduating class had 12 members, Manitoba College, established in Winnipeg had a strong Presbyterian religious affiliation. Consolidation was a way to strengthen small and financially insecure institution. The University Of Manitoba was established in 1877 by combining 3 existing church colleges St. Boniface College Roman Catholic, St Johns Anglican, dr. John M Bumsted The University of Manitoba, An Illustrated History
Manitoba College
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Rock of Remembrance commemorates 100th anniversary of Manitoba College, pictured in front of the University of Winnipeg
13.
Wesley College, Winnipeg
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Wesley College was a college that existed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from 1888 to 1938. In 1924, Wesley College became part of the United Church of Canada and it was one of the University of Winnipegs founding colleges. Wesley College, established in Winnipeg, Manitoba has a strong Methodist religious affiliation, consolidation was a way to strengthen this small and financially insecure institution. The University of Manitoba was established in 1877 by combining 3 existing church colleges St. Boniface College Roman Catholic, St Johns Anglican, Wesley College Methodist was affiliated in 1888, eleven years after the founding of University Of Manitoba. John Hamilton Gordon Russell designed the dormitory and classroom building called Sparling Hall,1912, in the early part of this century, professional education expanded beyond the traditional fields of theology, law and medicine. Graduate training based on the German-inspired American model of specialized course work, James O. Argue James Endicott Salome Halldorson Robert Hoey William Ivens Walter McDonald Ivan Schultz Cornelius Wiebe Herbert Wright Friesen, Gerald. Principal J. H. Riddell, The Sane and Safe Leader of Wesley College, in Prairie Spirit, Perspectives on the Heritage of the United Church of Canada in the West, edited by Dennis L. Butcher, et al. Winnipeg, University of Manitoba Press,1985
Wesley College, Winnipeg
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Wesley Hall, home to Wesley College
14.
University of Toronto
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The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queens Park. It was founded by charter in 1827 as Kings College. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed the present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution, as a collegiate university, it comprises twelve colleges, which differ in character and history, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs. It has two campuses in Scarborough and Mississauga. Academically, the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory, by a significant margin, it receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university. It is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States, the other being McGill University, the Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches, with long and storied ties to gridiron football and ice hockey. The universitys Hart House is an example of the North American student centre. The founding of a college had long been the desire of John Graves Simcoe. As an Oxford-educated military commander who had fought in the American Revolutionary War, the Upper Canada Executive Committee recommended in 1798 a college be established in York, the colonial capital. On March 15,1827, a charter was formally issued by King George IV, proclaiming from this time one College, with the style. For the education of youth in the principles of the Christian Religion, the granting of the charter was largely the result of intense lobbying by John Strachan, the influential Anglican Bishop of Toronto who took office as the colleges first president. The original three-storey Greek Revival school building was built on the present site of Queens Park, under Strachans stewardship, Kings College was a religious institution closely aligned with the Church of England and the British colonial elite, known as the Family Compact. Reformist politicians opposed the control over colonial institutions and fought to have the college secularized. Having anticipated this decision, the enraged Strachan had resigned a year earlier to open Trinity College as a private Anglican seminary, University College was created as the nondenominational teaching branch of the University of Toronto. Established in 1878, the School of Practical Science was precursor to the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, while the Faculty of Medicine opened in 1843, medical teaching was conducted by proprietary schools from 1853 until 1887, when the faculty absorbed the Toronto School of Medicine. Meanwhile, the university continued to set examinations and confer medical degrees, the university opened the Faculty of Law in 1887, followed by the Faculty of Dentistry in 1888, when the Royal College of Dental Surgeons became an affiliate. Women were first admitted to the university in 1884, over the next two decades, a collegiate system took shape as the university arranged federation with several ecclesiastical colleges, including Strachans Trinity College in 1904. The university operated the Royal Conservatory of Music from 1896 to 1991, the University of Toronto Press was founded in 1901 as Canadas first academic publishing house
University of Toronto
–
A painting by
Sir Edmund Walker depicts
University College as it appeared in 1858.
University of Toronto
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University of Toronto
University of Toronto
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A
Sopwith Camel aircraft rests on the Front Campus lawn in 1918, during World War I.
University of Toronto
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Soldiers' Tower, a memorial to alumni fallen in the World Wars, contains a 51-bell
carillon.
15.
Lloyd Axworthy
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Lloyd Norman Axworthy, PC CC OM is a Canadian politician, statesman and academic. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, following his retirement from parliament, he served as president and vice-chancellor of the University of Winnipeg from 2004 to 2014 and as chancellor of St. Pauls University College. He is the brother of Tom Axworthy, Robert Axworthy. He received his MA and PhD from Princeton University in 1963 and 1972 respectively, returning to Canada to teach at the University of Manitoba, at the latter, he also became the director of the Institute of Urban Affairs. His approach to urban renewal has been described in architectural circles as Gentrification Modernism or post-Dickensianism, Axworthy became involved in politics during the 1950s, becoming a member of the Liberal Party after attending a speech by Lester B. He briefly aligned himself with the New Democratic Party in the 1960s when Pearson, as opposition leader. He soon returned to the Liberal fold, however, and worked as an assistant for John Turner. Axworthy ran for the party in Winnipeg North Centre in the 1968 election and he first ran for the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1966 election, placing second to Progressive Conservative Douglas Stanes in St. James. In the 1973 election, he was elected as a Manitoba Liberal in Fort Rouge, He was re-elected in the 1977 election and he was re-elected in the 1980 election, becoming the only Liberal MP west of Ontario. He was promoted to cabinet under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, serving as Minister of Employment and Immigration, in the Liberal defeat in the 1984 election, Axworthy was one of only two Liberals west of Ontario to be elected. Axworthy played a role in opposition, supporting tough on crime policies and he was an especially vocal critic of the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement, and countenanced Canadian paternalism in international trade. When the Liberals returned to power in 1993 under Jean Chrétien, after the election, he was given responsibility for the Human Resources Development Canada, and launched changes in employment insurance. Although his main interest was urban renewal, in a 1996 cabinet shuffle, instead, Axworthy invested in efforts in high-profile utopian projects, such as the NGO-led controversial Ottawa Treaty that seeks to ban anti-personnel land mines. In February 1999 and April 2000, Axworthy was President of the United Nations Security Council with Canadas Ambassador to the UN Robert Fowler, Axworthy clashed with the US government on this issue, particularly over the lack of alternative options to deter the regime from additional aggression. In 1997, Axworthy was nominated by United States Senator Patrick Leahy to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on banning land mines. He did not win, but was thanked by the recipients, critics, however, viewed Axworthys land mine campaign and the involvement of political NGOs as counter-productive, since many key nations, including the US, Russia and China did not join. In 1998 he was one of the two winners of the North–South Prize, in 2003, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. On October 15,2012, Elder, Dr. Tobasonakwut Kinew and, Dr. Phil Fontaine, honoured Axworthy - Waapshki Pinaysee Inini, Free Range Frog Man, Axworthy was recognized for his commitment to creating an inclusive learning experience that reflects Indigenous cultures and traditions at UWinnipeg
Lloyd Axworthy
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David Anderson
Lloyd Axworthy
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Lloyd Axworthy
Lloyd Axworthy
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Hazen Argue
16.
The Globe and Mail
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The Globe and Mail is a nationally distributed Canadian newspaper owned by The Woodbridge Company, based in Toronto and printed in six cities across the country. The Globe and Mail is regarded by some as Canadas newspaper of record, the predecessor to The Globe and Mail was The Globe, founded in 1844 by Scottish immigrant George Brown, who became a Father of Confederation. Browns liberal politics led him to court the support of the Clear Grits and he selected as the motto for the editorial page a quotation from Junius, The subject who is truly loyal to the Chief Magistrate will neither advise nor submit to arbitrary measures. The quotation is carried on the page to this day. By the 1850s, The Globe had become an independent and well-regarded daily newspaper and it began distribution by railway to other cities in Ontario shortly after Canadian Confederation. At the dawn of the century, The Globe added photography, a womens section, and the slogan Canadas National Newspaper. It began opening bureaus and offering subscriptions across Canada, on 23 November 1936, The Globe merged with The Mail and Empire, itself formed through the 1895 merger of two conservative newspapers, The Toronto Mail and Toronto Empire. Press reports at the stated, the minnow swallowed the whale because The Globes circulation was smaller than The Mail. The merger was arranged by George McCullagh, who fronted for mining magnate William Henry Wright and became the first publisher of The Globe, McCullagh committed suicide in 1952, and the newspaper was sold to the Webster family of Montreal. As the paper lost ground to The Toronto Star in the local Toronto market, the newspaper was unionised in 1955, under the banner of the American Newspaper Guild. From 1937 until 1974, the newspaper was produced at the William H, in 1965, the paper was bought by Winnipeg-based FP Publications, controlled by Bryan Maheswary, which owned a chain of local Canadian newspapers. FP put an emphasis on the Report on Business section that was launched in 1962. FP Publications and The Globe and Mail were sold in 1980 to The Thomson Corporation, after the acquisition there were few changes made in editorial or news policy. However, there was more attention paid to national and international news on the editorial, op-ed, the Globe and Mail has always been a morning newspaper. Since the 1980s, it has been printed in editions in six Canadian cities, Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary. Southern Ontario Newspaper Guild employees took their first ever strike vote at The Globe in 1982 and those negotiations ended without a strike, and the Globe unit of SONG still has a strike-free record. SONG members voted in 1994 to sever ties with the American-focused Newspaper Guild, shortly afterwards, SONG affiliated with the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada. Under the editorship of William Thorsell in the 1980s and 1990s, during this period, the paper continued to favour such socially liberal policies as decriminalizing drugs and expanding gay rights
The Globe and Mail
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The January 25, 2013 front page of The Globe and Mail
The Globe and Mail
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The Globe's Office in Toronto
The Globe and Mail
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Globe and Mail staff await news of the
D-Day invasion. June 6, 1944.
17.
University of Manitoba
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The University of Manitoba is a public university in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Located in Winnipeg and founded in 1877, it was Western Canada’s first university, the university maintains a reputation as a top research-intensive post-secondary educational institution and conducts more research annually than any other university in the region. It is the largest university both by total student enrollment and campus area in the province of Manitoba, and the 17th largest in all of Canada. The universitys raised admissions standards, wide array of professional disciplines, the campus includes both Faculties of Law and Medicine, and boasts hundreds of degree programs. As of 2010, there have been 96 Rhodes Scholars from the University of Manitoba, the University of Manitoba has three main locations, the Bannatyne Campus, the Fort Garry Campus and the William Norrie Centre. The downtown Bannatyne campus of the university comprises a complex of ten buildings located west of the Health Sciences Centre between McDermot Ave and William Ave in Central Winnipeg and this complex houses the medical and dental instructional units of the university. The Faculty of Dentistry, the Faculty of Medicine, the School of Medical Rehabilitation, the Faculty of Pharmacy officially joined the Bannatyne campus with the opening of the 95,000 sq ft Apotex Centre on October 16,2008. The Brodie Center is known as the flagship which connects all three faculties as well as the Neil John MacLean Health Sciences Library and the Joe Doupe Fitness Centre and it is located on 727 McDermot Avenue. The main Fort Garry campus comprises over 60 teaching and research buildings of the University, in addition, Smartpark is the location of seven buildings leased to research and development organizations involving university-industry partnerships. The address is 66 Chancellors Circle, the William Norrie Centre on Selkirk Avenue is the campus for social work education for inner-city residents. The university operates agricultural research stations near Glenlea and Carman, Manitoba, the Ian N. Morrison Research Farm near Carman is a 406 acres facility located 70 km from Winnipeg, while the Glenlea facility is approximately 1,000 acres and located 20 km from Winnipeg. The University of Manitoba provides services to urban Aboriginal people, the University of Manitoba Native Studies summer course brings first-year Aboriginal students to campus before the start of the school year for some campus orientation. Aboriginal Elders are present on campus at University of Manitoba to provide social supports, tutoring services are available within the University of Manitoba’s Medicine, Engineering and Social Work ACCESS Programs. The University of Manitoba is a university, founded by Alexander Morris. It officially opened on June 20,1877 to confer degrees on students graduating from its three founding colleges, St. Boniface College, St Johns College and Manitoba College, the University of Manitoba granted its first degrees in 1880. The University was the first to be established in western Canada, alan Beddoe designed the university coats of arms. The university has added a number of colleges to its corporate, in 1882 the Manitoba Medical College, which had been founded by some physicians and surgeons, became a part of the University. Charles Henry Wheeler designed the Bacteriological Research Building, part of the Manitoba Medical College, george Creeford Browne designed the Science Building, 1899-1900
University of Manitoba
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Administration Building
University of Manitoba
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University of Manitoba
University of Manitoba
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Tier Building
University of Manitoba
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Biological Laboratories
18.
Great West Life
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The Great-West Life Assurance Company is a life insurance company. Its headquarters are in Winnipeg, Manitoba and its President and CEO is Paul A. Mahon. It is owned by Great-West Lifeco, which also owns London Life Insurance Company, Canada Life Financial, Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Co. GWL Realty is the Toronto-based property and asset management arm of the Great West Life established in 1993. Great-West Life was founded in 1891 in Winnipeg, Great-West Life is currently a subsidiary of Great-West Lifeco, which is a joint-stock corporation traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The majority owner of Great-West Lifeco is the Power Corporation of Canada, Great-West Life sold its health insurance US division to Cigna for US$1.5 billion in a deal announced on November 26,2007. Official website of Great-West Lifeco Inc, Great West Life Assurance Companys parent corporation, Official Web site of Great-West Life Official Web site of the Power Corporation of Canada
Great West Life
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Great West Life building in Winnipeg (right)
Great West Life
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The Great-West Life Assurance Company
