Upwelling
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Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water from deep water towards the ocean surface. It replaces the warmer and usuall
Unusually strong winds from the east push warm (red) surface water towards Africa, allowing cold (blue) water to upwell along the Sumatran coast
During an El Niño, wind indirectly drives warm water to the South American coast, reducing the effects of cold upwelling.
Aerial view of Slapton Sands and northern part of Ley geograph.org.uk 1434412
Maldivesfish 2
El Niño–Southern Oscillation
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El Niño–Southern Oscillation is a global climate phenomenon that emerges from variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Those variations have an irregular patter
Upwelling
…upwelled is much warmer and low in nutrients, resulting in a sharp reduction in the biomass and phytoplankton productivity. This event is known as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. The Peruvian upwelling system is particularly vulnerable to ENSO events, and can cause extreme interannual variability in productivity…
Sea surface temperature anomalies in November 2007, showing La Niña conditions
Between 50,000 and 100,000 people died during the 2011 East Africa drought.
NOAA Nino
NOAA Nina