1.
Vnukovo International Airport
–
Vnukovo International Airport, is a dual-runway international airport located 28 kilometres southwest of the centre of Moscow, Russia. It is one of the three airports that serve Moscow, along with Domodedovo International Airport and Sheremetyevo International Airport. In 2015, the airport handled 15.82 million passengers and it is the third-busiest airport in Russia. Vnukovo is Moscows oldest operating airport and it was opened and used for military operations during the Second World War, but became a civilian facility after the war. Its construction was approved by the Soviet government in 1937, because the older Khodynka Aerodrome was becoming overloaded, Vnukovo was opened on 1 July 1941. During the Great Patriotic War, it was used as a military airbase, on 15 September 1956, the Tupolev Tu-104 jetliner made its first passenger flight from Moscow Vnukovo to Irkutsk via Omsk. On 4 November 1957, a plane carrying Romanian Workers Party officials, preoteasa, who was Minister of Foreign Affairs at the time, was killed, as was the aircrafts crew. The first passenger flights of the IL-18 and Tu-114 were also made from Vnukovo Airport, in 1980, Vnukovo was expanded because of the 22nd Summer Olympic Games. In 1993, Vnukovo Airport became a joint-stock company, as part of the Airport Strategic Development Plan, the following projects were completed between 2003 and 2005, April 2004, New Terminal B was opened. The terminal currently handles international passengers, but in the future, it will be converted to handle domestic flights or to fulfill any other dedicated functions to be determined at a later date. The terminals total floor space offering stands at 80,000 square meters, August 2005, Vnukovos Aeroexpress rail link to Kiyevsky Rail Terminal was opened. December 2010, New Terminal A was opened, Vnukovo is Europes busiest airport for international flights by larger private planes. Of the three Moscow airports, Vnukovo is the highest, hence, in case of fog, it has frequently served as an alternative airport. The airfield has two intersecting runways of 3,000 metres and 3,060 metres in length, each runway is 60 metres wide, with 10 metres wide safety shoulders on each side. The joint runway capacity is 60 aircraft movements per hour, the airport has two passenger terminals, one general aviation terminal, one cargo terminal, and 60 aircraft stands. The airport can handle a maximum of 10,100 passengers per hour, in 2013, the airport handled almost 11.18 million passengers, representing a 15. 3% increase compared to 2012. In February 2014 the airport handled 722,500 passengers, an increase of 23. 8% compared to February 2013, Vnukovo Airport is equipped with a VIP hall, which is used by many political leaders and important people visiting Russia. The Russian President also uses Vnukovos VIP facility, the Tupolev airliner rework facility is located at the edge of the airport, and major overhaul and modification programmes are carried out in several large aircraft hangars
2.
Surgut International Airport
–
Surgut Airport, also listed as Surgut North Airport, is an airport in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia located 10 km north of Surgut. In 2016 Surgut Airport handled 1,489,395 passengers, Surgut International Airport has runway that can accommodate modern aircraft, such as Boeing-737, Boeing 757, Boeing 767, Airbus A319, Airbus A320, Airbus A321, as well as helicopters of all types. The airport’s capacity is 660 passengers per hour for domestic flights and 200 passengers per hour for international flights, in the terminal building, there are VIP, as well as shops, cafes, pharmacies. In 1931, arrival of the first aircraft to the village of Surgut, in 1937, the first building of the Surgut airport was built and put into operation. In 1964, Surgut United Air Squadron was established, in 1970, the State Commission commissioned the runway of the new city airport. In 1972, first regular flight Surgut-Moscow performed by Tu-134 airplane, in 1975, commissioning of a new terminal building at the Surgut airport. In 1979, installation, on the facade of the terminal, in 1998, Airport Surgut was awarded a certificate of honor at the results of the contest The Best Airport in 1998 in CIS countries. In 2000, Airport Surgut is recognized as the winner in the contest The best airport of the year of the CIS countries in the nomination Intensively developing airport, in 2001, Surgut Airport is open for international flights. The first flight was made by the airline UTair UT777 - Kiev, in 2003, overhaul of the runway. In 2004, full commissioning of the complex of the Surgut airport. In 2007, opening of the telescopic ladder Thyssen Krupp Airport Systems. Putting into operation of a vehicle access control system to the station square. In 2008, Surgut airport for the first time congratulated the millionth passenger serviced during the year, in 2009, creation and beginning of production activity of branches. Formed five branches, Berezovsky, Cape Kamensky, Noyabrsk, Tazovsky, in 2011, the hall of the waiting area for passengers of the international sector was built and put into operation. The duty-free shop Duty-Free opened in the sector of the terminal. In 2012, Airport Surgut started servicing domestic and international long-haul wide-body aircraft Boeing-767-200, according to the results of work in 2015, the passenger traffic of Surgut Airport amounted to 1,976,389 people, exceeding the total of 2014 by 3. 8%. On 1 January 2011, Kolavia Flight 348 suffered an explosion, the aircraft was taxiing before departing Surgut on a flight to Domodedovo International Airport, Moscow when the fire started and quickly engulfed the entire plane, which then burned to the ground. Despite a quick evacuation,3 persons were killed, List of the busiest airports in Russia List of the busiest airports in the former USSR Official website Current weather for USRR at NOAA/NWS Airport information for USRR at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006. Source, DAFIF, Airport information for USRR at Great Circle Mapper
3.
Khanty-Mansiysk
–
It was founded in 1930 as a work settlement of Ostyako-Vogulsk after the obsolete names of Ostyaks and Voguls for the Khanty and Mansi peoples. In 1940, it was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk, and it was granted town status in 1950, merging with the village of Samarovo, known since the 16th century, along the way. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of significance of Khanty-Mansiysk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the town of significance of Khanty-Mansiysk is incorporated as Khanty-Mansiysk Urban Okrug. Today Khanty-Mansiysk is a town, which in recent years has received considerable foreign investment. For example, in 2007, the English architect Norman Foster signed an agreement to build a 280-meter high skyscraper in a part of the town. When it is built, the Crystal Skyscraper will be one of the tallest buildings in Russia, besides this, the Dutch architect Erick van Egeraat is planning to build a business complex in the town center. Air travel is available at the Khanty-Mansiysk Airport, located just outside Khanty-Mansiysk inner city, the airline UTair Aviation has its head office on the property. A bridge crossing the Irtysh River was opened in Khanty-Mansiysk in 2004, the bridge consists of fourteen spans and has a total length of 1,315.9 meters. Its main span is 231-meter long, Khanty-Mansiysk is connected to the main road network by two roads, one from the west from Perm and Yekaterinburg, and one from the south from Tyumen. There is also a road from the east from Surgut, the climate is extreme, with temperatures as low as −62 °C and as high as +34.5 °C. On average, however, the region is cold, with an average temperature of −1.1 °C. Precipitation tends to be low,553 millimeters per year. The average wind speed is 2.4 meters per second, Khanty-Mansiysk is a skiing and alpine skiing center of global importance. Biathlon World Cup competitions are held in the city. The city was the venue of the 2003 and 2011 Biathlon World Championships, and in 2005 the first Mixed Biathlon Relay Championships took place here, and again in 2010. The 2011 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World Championships where skiers with a disability compete. Khanty-Mansiysk is home to 2015 Winter Deaflympics, fifteen hotels offer their services to tourists since 2005
4.
Russia
–
Russia, also officially the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. The European western part of the country is more populated and urbanised than the eastern. Russias capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a range of environments. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, the East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, in 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of states, most of the Rus lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion. The Soviet Union played a role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the worlds first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the second largest economy, largest standing military in the world. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic, the Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russias extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the producers of oil. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. The name Russia is derived from Rus, a state populated mostly by the East Slavs. However, this name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants Русская Земля. In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus by modern historiography, an old Latin version of the name Rus was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus that were adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current name of the country, Россия, comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Kievan Rus, the standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is Russians in English and rossiyane in Russian. There are two Russian words which are translated into English as Russians
5.
Airline
–
An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines utilize aircraft to supply services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements. Generally, airline companies are recognized with an air operating certificate or license issued by a governmental aviation body, Airlines vary in size, from small domestic airlines to full-service international airlines. Airline services can be categorized as being intercontinental, domestic, regional, or international, the largest airline currently is American Airlines Group. DELAG, Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft was the worlds first airline and it was founded on November 16,1909 with government assistance, and operated airships manufactured by The Zeppelin Corporation. The first fixed wing scheduled air service was started on January 1,1914 from St. Petersburg, Florida to Tampa, the four oldest non-dirigible airlines that still exist are Netherlands KLM, Colombias Avianca, Australias Qantas, and the Czech Republics Czech Airlines. The earliest fixed wing airline in Europe was the Aircraft Transport and Travel, using a fleet of former military Airco DH. 4A biplanes that had been modified to carry two passengers in the fuselage, it operated relief flights between Folkestone and Ghent. On 15 July 1919, the company flew a proving flight across the English Channel, flown by Lt. H Shaw in an Airco DH.9 between RAF Hendon and Paris - Le Bourget Airport, the flight took 2 hours and 30 minutes at £21 per passenger. On 25 August 1919, the company used DH. 16s to pioneer a regular service from Hounslow Heath Aerodrome to Le Bourget, the airline soon gained a reputation for reliability, despite problems with bad weather and began to attract European competition. In November 1919, it won the first British civil airmail contract, six Royal Air Force Airco DH. 9A aircraft were lent to the company, to operate the airmail service between Hawkinge and Cologne. In 1920, they were returned to the Royal Air Force, the first French airline was Société des lignes Latécoère, later known as Aéropostale, which started its first service in late 1918 to Spain. The first German airline to use heavier than air aircraft was Deutsche Luft-Reederei established in 1917 which started operating in February 1919, in its first year, the D. L. R. Operated regularly scheduled flights on routes with a length of nearly 1000 miles. Network was more than 3000 km long, and included destinations in the Netherlands, Scandinavia, another important German airline was Junkers Luftverkehr, which began operations in 1921. It was a division of the aircraft manufacturer Junkers, which became a company in 1924. It operated joint-venture airlines in Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Norway, Poland, Sweden, the Dutch airline KLM made its first flight in 1920, and is the oldest continuously operating airline in the world. Established by aviator Albert Plesman, it was awarded a Royal predicate from Queen Wilhelmina. Its first flight was from Croydon Airport, London to Amsterdam, using a leased Aircraft Transport and Travel DH-16, in 1921, KLM started scheduled services
6.
Siberia
–
Siberia is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia. Siberia has historically been a part of Russia since the 17th century, the territory of Siberia extends eastwards from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins. It stretches southwards from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central Kazakhstan and to the borders of Mongolia. With an area of 13.1 million square kilometres, Siberia accounts for 77% of Russias land area and this is equivalent to an average population density of about 3 inhabitants per square kilometre, making Siberia one of the most sparsely populated regions on Earth. If it were a country by itself, it would still be the largest country in area, the origin of the name is unknown. Some sources say that Siberia originates from the Siberian Tatar word for sleeping land, another account sees the name as the ancient tribal ethnonym of the Sirtya, a folk, which spoke a language that later evolved into the Ugric languages. This ethnic group was assimilated to the Siberian Tatar people. The modern usage of the name was recorded in the Russian language after the Empires conquest of the Siberian Khanate, a further variant claims that the region was named after the Xibe people. The Polish historian Chycliczkowski has proposed that the name derives from the word for north. He said that the neighbouring Chinese, Arabs and Mongolians would not have known Russian and he suggests that the name is a combination of two words, su and bir. The region is of significance, as it contains bodies of prehistoric animals from the Pleistocene Epoch. Specimens of Goldfuss cave lion cubs, Yuka and another woolly mammoth from Oymyakon, a rhinoceros from the Kolyma River. The Siberian Traps were formed by one of the largest known volcanic events of the last 500 million years of Earths geological history. They continued for a million years and are considered a cause of the Great Dying about 250 million years ago. At least three species of human lived in Southern Siberia around 40,000 years ago, H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis, the last was determined in 2010, by DNA evidence, to be a new species. Siberia was inhabited by different groups of such as the Enets, the Nenets, the Huns, the Scythians. The Khan of Sibir in the vicinity of modern Tobolsk was known as a prominent figure who endorsed Kubrat as Khagan of Old Great Bulgaria in 630, the Mongols conquered a large part of this area early in the 13th century. With the breakup of the Golden Horde, the autonomous Khanate of Sibir was established in the late 15th century, turkic-speaking Yakut migrated north from the Lake Baikal region under pressure from the Mongol tribes during the 13th to 15th century
7.
Aeroflot
–
OJSC Aeroflot – Russian Airlines, commonly known as Aeroflot, is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation. The carrier operates domestic and international passenger and services, mainly from its hub at Sheremetyevo International Airport, Aeroflot is one of the oldest airlines in the world, tracing its history back to 1923. During the Soviet era, Aeroflot was the Soviet national airline, following the dissolution of the USSR, the carrier has been transformed from a state-run enterprise into a semi-privatised company which ranked 19th most profitable airline in the world in 2007. Aeroflot is still considered the de facto national airline of Russia and it is 51%-owned by the Russian Government. As of September 2013, the Aeroflot Group had 30,328 employees, the company has embarked on a fleet modernisation programme, extensive route restructuring, and an image overhaul. The airline joined SkyTeam in April 2006, becoming the 10th member of the alliance, on 17 January 1921, the Sovnarkom of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic published About Air Transportation. The document signed by Lenin set out the regulations on air transport over the territory of the RSFSR. The document was significant as it was the first time that a Russian state had declared sovereignty over its airspace, in addition, the document defined rules for the operation of foreign aircraft over the Soviet Unions airspace and territory. After Lenin issued an order, a State Commission was formed on 31 January 1921 for the purpose of civil aviation planning in the Soviet Union. This was followed by the formation of Deruluft-Deutsch Russische Luftverkehrs A. G. in Berlin on 11 November 1921, as a joint venture between the Soviet Union and Germany. The company, whose aircraft were registered in both Germany and the Soviet Union, began operations on 1 May 1922 with a Fokker F. III flying between Königsberg and Moscow, the service was initially operated twice a week and restricted to the carriage of mail. On 3 February 1923 Sovnarkom approved plans for the expansion of the Red Air Fleet, the artist Alexander Rodchenko became involved in the ODVF at this time. He designed posters encouraging citizens to buy stock in Dobrolet and the famous Winged Hammer, regular flights by Dobrolet from Moscow to Nizhniy Novgorod commenced on 15 July 1923. During the same period, an additional two airlines were established, Zakavia being based in Tiflis, and Ukrvozdukhput based in Kharkov, during 1923 an agreement was signed establishing a subdivision of Dobrolet to be based in Tashkent, which would operate to points in Soviet Central Asia. Services between Tashkent and Alma Ata began on 27 April 1924, and by the end of 1924 the subdivision had carried 480 passengers and 500 kilograms of mail and freight, in March 1924, Dobrolet began operating flights from Sevastopol to Yalta and Yevpatoriya in the Crimea. Dobrolets route network was extended during the 1925–1927 period to include Kazan, plans were made for Dobrolet flights to Kharkov to connect with Ukrvozdukhput services to Kiev, Odessa and Rostov-on-Don. Expansion of air routes which had taken shape in the late 1920s, the agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany relating to Deruluft expired on 1 January 1937 and wasnt renewed, which saw the joint venture carrier ceasing operations on 1 April 1937. On that date Aeroflot began operations on the Moscow to Stockholm route, under the third Five-Year Plan, which began in 1938, civil aviation development continued, with improvements to airport installations being made and construction of airports being commenced
8.
Utair
–
UTair Aviation is a Russian airline with its head office at Khanty-Mansiysk Airport while its main base is at Surgut International Airport and Vnukovo International Airport. In February 1967, the Aeroflot Tyumen Directorate was set up in order to meet the requirements of the fast-growing oil. In the wake of the break-up of the Aeroflot organization, Tyumenaviatrans Aviation was formed in 1991 to replace the Aeroflot Tyumen Directorate, TAT adopted the name of UTair in early 2003. The airline is owned by Khanty Mansiysk District administration, Surgut City administration, Russian shareholders and companies, the Russian Federation, in October 2010, UTair announced plans to replace its Tupolev Tu-134 fleet with the Sukhoi Superjet 100. In December, UTair officially placed an order for 24 of the jets to enter service in 2013, during 2015 UTair plans to reduce own fleet up to 40% Also in 2010, the airline named a Tu-154 aircraft after Boris Evdokimovich Sherbina, a Tyumen figure. In November 2014, UTair faced financial difficulties and was unable to make a bond payment, in April 2015, UTair announced it was to severely cut down their fleet by 44 aircraft due to their ongoing financial struggle. It also cancelled its order for 24 Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft, a few weeks later, the regional airline subsidiary UTair Express ceased operations. In December 2015, it has confirmed that UTair Aviation sold its leisure subsidiary Azur Air to Turkish tourism company Anex Tourism Group. On 2 July 2008, a UTair Mi-8 helicopter crashed in Yamal region, killing 9, on 16 January 2010, a UTair Boeing 737-500, registration VQ-BAC, overrun the runway on landing at Vnukovo International Airport and was substantially damaged when the nosewheel collapsed. On 20 December 2011, a UTair Mil Mi-26T helicopter crashed in an oilfield in Western Siberia, UTair grounded all its Mil Mi-26T helicopters following this incident. The aircraft was carrying 39 passengers and 4 crew, to date,10 survivors with serious injuries and burns have been confirmed. On 4 July 2012, a helicopter operated by UTair for an oil, the wreckage was found several hours later and three bodies were recovered, with the fourth person also presumed killed. The cause was not immediately known, but UTair grounded all aircraft at Lensk Airport pending an investigation into the quality of supply at the airport. Media related to UTair Aviation at Wikimedia Commons Official website
9.
Tupolev Tu-134
–
The Tupolev Tu-134 is a twin-engined, narrow-body, jet airliner built in the Soviet Union from 1966 to 1989. The original version featured a design and, like certain other Russian airliners. One of the most widely used aircraft in former Comecon countries, the model has seen long-term service with some 42 countries, with some European airlines having scheduled as many as 12 daily takeoffs and landings per plane. In addition to passenger service, it has also been used in various air force, army and navy support roles, for pilot and navigator training. In recent years, a number of Tu-134s have been converted for use as VIP transports, a total of 854 Tu-134s were built of all versions with Aeroflot as the largest user, by 1995, the Tu-134 had carried 360 million passengers for that airline. Following the introduction of engines mounted on pylons on the fuselage by the French Sud Aviation Caravelle. Its advantages included clean wing airflow without disruption by nacelles or pylons, at the same time, placing heavy engines that far back created challenges with the location of the centre of gravity in relation to the centre of lift, which was at the wings. To make room for the engines, the tailplanes had to be relocated to the tail fin, the requirement was also driven by the need to replace slow, aging piston-engined Il-14s on domestic routes. In 1961, the Soviet state airline, Aeroflot, updated its requirement specifications to include greater payload, the first Tu-124A prototype, SSSR-45075, first flew on 29 July 1963. On 22 October 1963, the prototype British BAC One-Eleven, which had a similar layout, the aircraft had entered pitch-up, the high-mounted tailplane became trapped in the turbulent wake produced by the wings, which prevented recovery from the stall. As a result, the tailplane on Tu-124A was enlarged by 30% for greater control authority, since Aeroflots requirements dictated a larger aircraft than initially planned, the Soloviev Design Bureau developed the more powerful D-30 low-bypass turbofan engines. On 20 November 1963, the new airliner was designated Tu-134, Design curiosities of the Tu-134 included a sharp wing sweepback of 35 degrees, compared to 25–28 degrees in its counterparts. The engines on early production Tu-134s lacked thrust reversers, which made the one of the few airliners to use a brake parachute for landing. The majority of onboard electronics operated on direct current, serial production began in 1966 at the Kharkov Aviation Production Association, and production of the Tu-124 was discontinued. The Tu-134 was designed for short-haul lines with low passenger traffic, originally the aircraft had 56 seats in a single class configuration, or 50 seats in a two-class configuration. In 1968, Tupolev began work on an improved Tu-134 variant with a 72-seat capacity, the fuselage received a 2. 1-meter plug for greater passenger capacity and an auxiliary power unit in the tail. As a result, the range was reduced from 3,100 kilometers to 2,770 kilometers. The upgraded D-30 engines now featured thrust reversers, replacing the parachute, the first Tu-134A, converted from a production Tu-134, flew on 22 April 1969
10.
Sukhoi Superjet 100
–
The Sukhoi Superjet 100 is a modern fly-by-wire twin-engine regional jet with 8 to 108 passenger seats. With development initiated in 2000, the airliner was designed and spearheaded by Sukhoi and its maiden flight was conducted on 19 May 2008. On 21 April 2011, the Superjet 100 undertook its first commercial passenger flight, the final assembly of the Superjet 100 is done by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association. Its SaM-146 engines are designed and produced by the French-Russian PowerJet joint venture, development of the Sukhoi Superjet 100 began in 2000. On 19 December 2002, Sukhoi Civil Aircraft and Boeing Commercial Airplanes signed a medium-term Cooperation Agreement to work together on the design, Boeing consultants had already been advising Sukhoi for a year. On 10 October 2003, the board of the project selected the suppliers of major subsystems. The project officially passed its third stage of development on 12 March 2004, on 13 November 2004, the Superjet 100 passed the fourth stage of development, implying that the Superjet 100 was now ready for commencing of prototype production. In August 2005, a contract between the Russian government and Sukhoi was signed, on 28 January 2007, the first SSJ was transported by an Antonov 124 from Komsomolsk-on-Amur to the city of Zhukovsky near Moscow for ground tests. A representative of Sukhoi Civil Aircraft announced on 13 November 2007, the Superjet was unveiled at its official rollout at Komsomolsk-on-Amur Dzemgi Airport on 26 September 2007. In February 2008, initial test runs of the SaM146 engine were successful, an Ilyushin Il-76 testbed, operated by the Gromov Flight Research Institute, was also used in the engine testing. On 19 May 2008, the first test flight of the Superjet took place from Dzemgi airport, in July 2008, testing continued successfully. By October 2008, the first stage of Sukhoi Superjet 100s factory-based flight testing program was successfully completed, the second SSJ100 prototype had also been flown and the certification process was started. In December 2008, the second of four SSJ100 prototypes SN95003 took to the skies, the aircraft performed standard stability and handling quality tests as well as systems checks in accordance with the first flight assignment. Flight test engineers and pilots were pleased with the performance of the second prototype. The deliveries were first scheduled to begin in late 2008, on 7 July 2008, Sukhoi officially confirmed that the original schedule was too optimistic, and first deliveries would begin in December 2009. As of January 2009, the first two aircraft had completed over 80 flights, totaling around 2,300 hours in flight, on 17 April 2009, EASA pilots performed the first test flights on the two prototypes. According to EASA pilot feedback, the aircraft was easy to fly, on 26 July 2009, the third of four SSJ100 prototypes flew. As of June 2009,13 aircraft were under construction with the first four scheduled to be handed over to clients by the end of 2010, after 2012, the company will build 70 Superjets per year
11.
Tupolev Tu-154
–
The Tupolev Tu-154 is a three-engine medium-range narrow-body airliner designed in the mid-1960s and manufactured by Tupolev. It was exported to 17 non-Russian airlines and used as a transport by the air forces of several countries. With a cruising speed of 900 kilometres per hour the Tu-154 is one of the fastest civilian aircraft in use and has a range of 5,280 kilometres. Since 1968 there have been 39 fatal incidents involving the Tu-154, most of which were caused either by factors unrelated to the aircraft, following a crash in 2016 all Tupolev Tu-154 aircraft in Russia were grounded. However, the Tu-154 is still being used as of January 2017, the Tu-154 was developed to meet Aeroflots requirement to replace the jet-powered Tu-104, the Antonov An-10 and the Ilyushin Il-18 turboprops. A takeoff distance of 2,600 metres at maximum weight was also stipulated as a requirement. The Soviet Ministry of Aircraft Industry chose the Tu-154 as it incorporated the latest in Soviet aircraft design, the first project chief was Sergey Yeger, in 1964, Dmitryi S. Markov assumed that position. In 1975, the lead role was turned over to Aleksandr S. Shengardt. The Tu-154 first flew on 4 October 1968, the first deliveries to Aeroflot were in 1970 with freight services beginning in May 1971 and passenger services in February 1972. There was still limited production of the 154M model as of January 2009 despite previous announcements of the end of production in 2006,1025 Tu-154s have been built,214 of which were still in service as of 14 December 2009. The last serial Tu-154 was delivered to the Russian Defense Ministry on 19 February 2013 from the Aviakor factory, equipped with upgraded avionics, a VIP interior, the factory has four unfinished hulls in its inventory which can be completed if new orders are received. The Tu-154 is powered by three rear-mounted low-bypass turbofan engines arranged similarly to those of the Boeing 727, but it is larger than its American counterpart. Both the 727 and the Tu-154 use an S-duct for the middle engine, the original model was equipped with Kuznetsov NK-8-2 engines, which were replaced with Soloviev D-30KU-154 in the Tu-154M. All Tu-154 aircraft models have a relatively high thrust-to-weight-ratio which give excellent performance and this became an important factor in later decades as fuel costs grew. The flight deck is fitted with conventional dual yoke control columns, Flight control surfaces are hydraulically operated. The cabin of the Tu-154, although of the same six-abreast seating layout, gives the impression of an interior, with a lower ceiling than is common on Boeing. The passenger cabin accommodates 128 passengers in a layout and 164 passengers in single-class layout. The layout can be modified to what is called a winter version where some seats are taken out, the passenger doors are smaller than on its Boeing and Airbus counterparts
12.
Tyumen
–
Tyumen is the largest city and the administrative center of Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located on the Tura River 2,500 kilometers east of Moscow. Tyumen was the first Russian settlement in Siberia, founded in 1586 to support Russias eastward expansion, the city has remained one of the most important industrial and economic centers east of the Ural Mountains. The central part of Old Tyumen retains many buildings from throughout the citys history. Today Tyumen is an important business center, Tyumen is the transport hub and industrial center of Tyumen Oblast— an oil-rich region bordering Kazakhstan —as well as the home of many companies active in Russias oil and gas industry. Tyumen covers an area of 235 square kilometers and its primary geographical feature is the Tura River, which crosses the city from northwest to southeast. The river is downstream of the city. The left bank of the Tura is a surrounded by gently rolling hills. The Tura is a river with extensive marshlands. The river floods during the melting season in the spring. The spring flood usually peaks in the half of May. The city is protected from flooding by a dike which can withstand floods up to 8 meters high, the highest ever flood water level in Tyumen was 9.15 meters, recorded in 1979. More recently, in 2007, a level of 7.76 was recorded. In the spring 2005, a higher than the critical 8 meters mark was expected. Tyumen has a continental climate with warm, somewhat humid summers and long. The weather in town is very changeable, and the temperature in town is higher than in the surrounding area by a few degrees. The town area also attracts more precipitation, the average temperature in January is −16.7 °C, with a record low of −50 °C. The average temperature in July is +18.6 °C, with a high of +38 °C. The average annual precipitation is 457 millimeters, the wettest year on record was 1943, with 581 millimeters, and the driest was 1917, with only 231 millimeters
,_UTair_Aviation_JP7587837.jpg)
.jpg)
_(2).jpg)
Media related to Utair at Wikimedia Commons
