1.
Gloria Graham
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Gloria Graham is an American artist based in New Mexico. Her work includes sculpture, painting, and photography, Graham received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Baylor University in Waco, Texas and attended the University of California in Berkeley, as well as the University of Wisconsin in Madison. She then studied sculpture in Paris and she began her artistic career in 1975 with a series of ceramic artifacts and later, in the mid 80s onward, creating works on canvas and wooden panels. Collector Panza di Biumo has written, Gloria Grahams work is inspired to a spiritual research and she also has done large works of a similar nature by drawing the molecular structure of things such as salt and quartz on walls. Though best known for her paintings, Graham has worked in other media and her earlier work was mostly pottery, urns, cylindrical shapes and round objects. Graham has stated however that when she first began using kaolin, other materials she has used include aluminum, transparent paper, and graphite. In her Famine Series, the flags of eight African countries were painted on used damask napkins, a comment on our relationship to the fed and to the hungry
2.
University of New Mexico
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The University of New Mexico is a public research university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is New Mexicos flagship research institution, the largest post-secondary institution in the state in total enrollment across all campuses as of 2012, founded in 1889, UNM offers bachelors, masters, doctoral, and professional degree programs in a wide variety of fields. Its Albuquerque campus encompasses over 600 acres, and there are campuses in Gallup, Los Alamos, Rio Rancho, Taos. UNM is categorized as an R1 doctoral university in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, the University of New Mexico was founded on February 28,1889, with the passage of House Bill No. Two years later, Elias S. Stover became the first president of the University, the third president of UNM, William G. Tight, who served from 1901–09, introduced many programs for students and faculty, including the first fraternity and sorority. Tight introduced the Pueblo Revival architecture for which the campus has become known, under David Ross Boyd, the universitys fifth president, the campus was enlarged from 20 to 300 acres and a 200, 000-acre federal land grant was made to the university. In 1922, the university was accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges, under Zimmerman, many new buildings were constructed, student enrollment increased, new departments were added, and greater support was generated for scientific research. Among the new buildings constructed were Zimmerman Library, Scholes Hall, the first student union building and this period also saw the foundation of UNMs branch facilities in Los Alamos and Gallup and the acquisition of the D. H. Lawrence Ranch north of Taos. During the early 1970s, a series of protests were held at the university, on May 5,1970, a protest over the Vietnam War and the Kent State massacre occupied the Student Union Building. The National Guard was ordered to sweep the building and arrest those inside, on May 10,1972, a peaceful sit-in protest near Kirtland Air Force Base led to the arrest of thirty-five people and was pushed back to UNM, leading to eight more arrests. The following day, tear gas was used against hundreds of demonstrators on campus, New programs and schools were created in the 1970s and the university gained control over the hospital on North Campus. At the end of the decade, the university was implicated in a recruiting scandal dubbed Lobogate by the press, subsequent investigation turned up a manufactured college seal from Mercer County Community College in New Jersey, along with blank transcripts and records of previous forgery. Further investigation uncovered alleged incentives like cars and apartments doled out to prime players, the scandal forced Ellenberger to resign and defined the term of William E. Davis, UNMs eleventh president. The university has continued to grow, with expanding enrollment and new facilities, in the 1980s, dramatic expansion occurred at the medical center, business school, and engineering school. The Centennial Library was also constructed, during the 1990s, an Honors College was founded, and the university completed construction of a new bookstore and Dane Smith Hall. The Research Park at South Campus was also expanded, by this point, the university had one of the largest student and faculty populations of Hispanics and Native Americans in the country. A study released in 1995 showed that the number of full-time Hispanic faculty at UNM was four times greater than the national average, the schools of law and business had some of the largest Hispanic student populations of any university in the country. In the first decade of the 2000s, major expansion began on medical facilities on North Campus, the current visitor center, a new engineering center, and George Pearl Hall were constructed
3.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
4.
Vincent Price
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Vincent Leonard Price Jr. was an American actor, well known for his distinctive voice and performances in horror films. His career spanned other genres, including film noir, drama, mystery, thriller and he appeared on stage, television, radio, and more than one hundred films. He has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for motion pictures, and one for television, born and raised in the Saint Louis, Missouri area, he has a star on the Saint Louis Walk of Fame. Price was an art collector and consultant, with a degree in art history and he lectured and wrote books on the subject. He was the founder of the Vincent Price Art Museum in California and he was also a noted gourmet cook. Price was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the youngest of the four children of Vincent Leonard Price, Sr. president of the National Candy Company and his grandfather, Vincent Clarence Price, invented Dr. Prices Baking Powder, the first cream of tartar-based baking powder, Price was of English descent and was a descendant of Peregrine White, the first white child born in Colonial Massachusetts, being born on the Mayflower while it was in the harbor of Massachusetts. Price had some Welsh ancestry as well, Price attended St. Louis Country Day School. In 1933, he graduated with a degree in art history from Yale University, after teaching for a year, he entered the University of London, intending to study for a masters degree in fine arts. Instead, he was drawn to the theater, first appearing on stage professionally in 1934 and his acting career began in London in 1935, performing with Orson Welless Mercury Theatre. In 1936, Price appeared as Prince Albert in the American production of Laurence Housmans play, Victoria Regina, Price started out in films as a character actor. He made his debut in 1938 with Service de Luxe and established himself in the film Laura, opposite Gene Tierney. His first venture into the genre, for which he became famous, was in the 1939 Boris Karloff film Tower of London. The following year Price portrayed the character in The Invisible Man Returns. In 1946, Price reunited with Tierney in two films, Dragonwyck and Leave Her to Heaven. There were also many villainous roles in film noir thrillers like The Web, The Long Night, Rogues Regiment and The Bribe, with Robert Taylor, Ava Gardner and his first starring role was as conman James Addison Reavis in the 1950 biopic The Baron of Arizona. He also did a comedic turn as the tycoon Burnbridge Waters, co-starring with Ronald Colman in Champagne for Caesar and he was active in radio, portraying the Robin Hood-inspired crime-fighter Simon Templar in The Saint, which ran from 1947-51. In the 1950s, Price moved into films, with a role in House of Wax
5.
Victoria Price
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Mary Victoria Price is a public speaker. She currently spends much of her traveling and speaking about the life of her father. Victoria Price has a degree in art history and theater from Williams College. She also has taught at New Mexico Highlands University, and the Philos School and she is an interior designer, who has appeared on HGTV and in many design publications. She is a speaker, giving talks internationally on the life of her father, on interior design. And is on the board of the Vincent Price Art Museum in California and she also appeared in the movie Edward Scissorhands, her fathers last film, where she played a newscaster. In 1999, Victoria Price wrote Vincent Price, A Daughters Biography and she has also written the preface for a 50th anniversary edition of A Treasury of Great Recipes, a cookbook written by Vincent Price and his wife Mary. Victoria Price was born April 27,1962, at St Johns Hospital in Santa Monica, California, to actor Vincent Price and his second wife and she has one older sibling, Vincent Barrett Price, born in 1940 to Vincent Price’s first wife Edith Barrett. She came out as a lesbian in the 1980s and she is interested in Native American and African art, and horseback riding. She has her own blog, Daily Practice of Joy, even though Victoria is the daughter of a horror icon, she is not a fan of horror films, but she is a fan of horror fans. She often attends and speaks at horror conventions, official website Daily Practice of Joy by Victoria Price
6.
New Mexico
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New Mexico is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. It was admitted to the Union as the 47th state on January 6,1912 and it is usually considered one of the Mountain States. New Mexico is fifth by area, the 36th-most populous, inhabited by Native Americans for thousands of years before European exploration, New Mexico was colonized by the Spanish in 1598 Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain. Later, it was part of independent Mexico before becoming a U. S. territory and eventually a U. S. state as a result of the Mexican–American War. Among U. S. states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanics, the major Native American nations in the state are Navajo, Pueblo, and Apache peoples. The demography and culture of the state are shaped by these strong Hispanic and Native American influences and its scarlet and gold colors are taken from the royal standards of Spain, along with the ancient sun symbol of the Zia, a Pueblo-related tribe. New Mexico, or Nuevo México in Spanish, is incorrectly believed to have taken its name from the nation of Mexico. The name simply stuck, even though the area had no connection to Mexico or the Mexica Indian tribes, Mexico, formerly a part of New Spain, adopted its name centuries later in 1821, after winning independence from Spanish rule. New Mexico was a part of the independent Mexican Empire and Federal Republic of Mexico for 27 years,1821 through 1848, New Mexico and Mexico developed as neighboring Spanish-speaking communities under Spanish rule, with relatively independent histories. The states total area is 121,412 square miles, the eastern border of New Mexico lies along 103° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma, and 2.2 miles west of 103° W longitude with Texas. On the southern border, Texas makes up the eastern two-thirds, while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third, the western border with Arizona runs along the 109°03 W longitude. The southwestern corner of the state is known as the Bootheel, the 37° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado. The states New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah come together at the Four Corners in the corner of New Mexico. New Mexico, although a state, has very little water. Its surface water area is about 250 square miles, the New Mexican landscape ranges from wide, rose-colored deserts to broken mesas to high, snow-capped peaks. Despite New Mexicos arid image, heavily forested mountain wildernesses cover a significant portion of the state, the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the southernmost part of the Rocky Mountains, run roughly north-south along the east side of the Rio Grande in the rugged, pastoral north. The most important of New Mexicos rivers are the Rio Grande, Pecos, Canadian, San Juan, the Rio Grande is tied for the fourth-longest river in the United States. Tourists visiting these sites bring significant money to the state, other areas of geographical and scenic interest include Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument and the Gila Wilderness in the southwest of the state
7.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
8.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
9.
Anthropology
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Anthropology is the study of various aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology and cultural anthropology study the norms and values of societies, linguistic anthropology studies how language affects social life. Biological or physical anthropology studies the development of humans. The abstract noun anthropology is first attested in reference to history and its present use first appeared in Renaissance Germany in the works of Magnus Hundt and Otto Casmann. Their New Latin anthropologia derived from the forms of the Greek words ánthrōpos and lógos. It began to be used in English, possibly via French anthropologie, various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839 and its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned and these anthropologists of the times were liberal, anti-slavery, and pro-human-rights activists. Anthropology and many other current fields are the results of the comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century. For them, the publication of Charles Darwins On the Origin of Species was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect, Darwin himself arrived at his conclusions through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild. Darwin and Wallace unveiled evolution in the late 1850s, there was an immediate rush to bring it into the social sciences. When he read Darwin he became a convert to Transformisme. His definition now became the study of the group, considered as a whole, in its details. Broca, being what today would be called a neurosurgeon, had taken an interest in the pathology of speech and he wanted to localize the difference between man and the other animals, which appeared to reside in speech. He discovered the speech center of the brain, today called Brocas area after him. The title was translated as The Anthropology of Primitive Peoples. The last two volumes were published posthumously, Waitz defined anthropology as the science of the nature of man. By nature he meant matter animated by the Divine breath, i. e. he was an animist and he stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation
10.
Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Albuquerque is the most populous city in the U. S. state of New Mexico. The high-altitude city serves as the county seat of Bernalillo County, the city population is 557,169 as of the July 1,2014 population estimate from the United States Census Bureau, and ranks as the 32nd-largest city in the U. S. The Albuquerque metropolitan statistical area has a population of 907,301 according to the United States Census Bureaus most recently available estimate for 2015, Albuquerque is the 60th-largest United States metropolitan area. The Sandia Mountains run along the side of Albuquerque. Albuquerque is also the home of the International Balloon Fiesta, the worlds largest such gathering of hot-air balloons from around the globe, the event takes place during the first week of October. Albuquerque was named in honor of Francisco, Duke of Alburquerque, the growing village soon to become Albuquerque was named by provincial governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés. Franciscos title referred to the Spanish town of Alburquerque, in the Spanish province of Badajoz, the name has two theories of origin which denote either Latin or Arabic roots. The first of which derived from the Latin albus quercus meaning white oak and this name was probably in reference to the prevalence of cork oaks in the region, which have a white wood when the bark is removed. Alburquerque is still a center of the Spanish cork industry, another theory suggests that it may come from the Arabic Abu al-Qurq, which means father of the cork. The change was also in due to the fact that citizens found the original name difficult to pronounce. Western folklore offers a different explanation, tracing the name Albuquerque to the Galician word albaricoque, the apricot was brought to New Mexico by Spanish settlers, possibly as early as 1743. As the story goes, the settlement was established near an apricot tree, as frontiersmen were unable to correctly pronounce the Galician word, it became corrupted to Albuquerque. The Tanoan and Keres peoples had lived along the Rio Grande for centuries before European settlers arrived in what is now Albuquerque, Albuquerque was founded in 1706 as the Spanish colonial outpost of Villa de Alburquerque. Present-day Albuquerque retains much of its historical Spanish cultural heritage, Albuquerque was a farming community and strategically located military outpost along the Camino Real. The town was also the center of the West. Spain established a presidio in Albuquerque in 1706, after 1821, Mexico also had a military garrison there. The town of Alburquerque was built in the traditional Spanish village pattern, a plaza surrounded by government buildings, homes. This central plaza area has preserved and is open to the public as a museum, cultural area
11.
Albuquerque Journal
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The Albuquerque Journal is the largest newspaper in the U. S. state of New Mexico. The Albuquerque Journal traces its history to 1880 and it is the successor to a newspaper called the Golden Gate, which was established in June of that year. In the fall of 1880, the owner of the Golden Gate died, the first Albuquerque Daily Journal was published on Oct.14,1880. The Daily Journal was published on a sheet of newsprint. Those pages were divided into five columns, and the headlines were miniature compared to those of today, advertising appeared on the front page. The Daily Journal was published in the evening until the first Territorial Fair opened in October 1881, on Oct.4 of that year, a morning Journal was published to record the day’s events at the fair. The morning Journal continued for six issues, the last issue was published on Sunday, Oct.9 – making it the first Sunday newspaper ever to appear in Albuquerque. The Daily Journal was first published in Old Town, a present-day tourist attraction near downtown Albuquerque, in 1882 it moved to the “new” town near the railroad tracks. The operation was housed in a room at Second and Silver streets. That year the paper was discontinued and the Albuquerque Morning Journal appeared. The Morning Journal continued until 1887, when it was absorbed by the Albuquerque Daily Democrat, the paper’s name changed again in 1899 to the Albuquerque Journal-Democrat. A change in policy necessitated the dropping of Democrat from the name in 1903. Since 1925, the paper has been known as the Albuquerque Journal, the Albuquerque Journal is published Monday through Saturday. Various sections published throughout the week include, Business Outlook, Business, Sports, Metro & N. M. Health, Education, Food, Go, Fetch, Venue, RPM, Entertainer, and Home. The Albuquerque Journal publishes quarterly magazines - Sage, Fit and Live Well - as well as a variety of special sections throughout the year, the Sunday Journal is published on Sundays. Sections include, Living, Arts, Books, Travel, Careers, Real Estate, Money, Dimension, and Wall Street Journal business
12.
The Albuquerque Tribune
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The Albuquerque Tribune was an afternoon newspaper in Albuquerque, New Mexico, founded in 1922 by Carlton Cole Magee as Magees Independent. It was published in the afternoon and evening Monday through Saturday, on February 20,2008, E. W. Scripps Company announced that the Tribune would close, effective February 23,2008. The closure followed an effort by the company to sell the paper. Governor Bill Richardson of New Mexico declared the papers last day Albuquerque Tribune Day in his state, to celebrate the Tribunes long and proud history, fernald State School of Massachusetts, among other locations. As part of the joint operating agreement, the Tribune was to be a local newspaper only, Scripps subsidiary profile of The Albuquerque Tribune
13.
University of New Mexico Press
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The University of New Mexico Press, founded in 1929, is a university press that is part of the University of New Mexico. Its administrative offices are in the Office of Research, on the campus of UNM in Albuquerque, UNM Press publishes the Dialagos Series in Latin American Studies, the Mary Burritt Christiansen Poetry Series, and the Barbara Guth Worlds of Wonder Science Series for Young Readers. On June 1,1929, the Board of Regents of the University of New Mexico unanimously approved the establishment of the University of New Mexico Press, at the time, the university enrolled about one thousand students. It does not appear that when the Press was founded the Regents had plans other than for the Press to serve the university community by printing and distributing pamphlets, reports, and journals. At that time, the university printing plant and publishing arm were one entity, on July 15,1930, Stanford-educated Paul A. F. Walter, Jr. son of Santa Fe newspaperman Paul A. F. Walter, Sr. became the first director of UNMP. Leaving his post as editor of the Roswell Morning Dispatch, Walter moved to Santa Fe, where he was assistant director of the Museum of New Mexico. The School of American Research and UNM jointly paid his salary for his job assignment. On August 13,1930, the machinery that would function as the first UNMP printing plant was moved. In 1930, four publications were issued, in 1931, the number increased to ten, and in 1932, seven. These booklets were part of the “Bulletins Series, ” and featured studies by archaeology, education, geology, the booklets sold for $.25 per copy, and UNMP housed stock and filled orders, though no marketing was done for these publications. Because early publications were printed by the UNMP plant, the copyright page often listed “University of New Mexico Press” as the publisher. For example, the first book from UNMP printing facilities was Givers of Life by Emma Esterbrook, though the first book considered a UNMP book is New Mexico History and Civics. In its early years, the Press published the New Mexico Quarterly, a publication. It continued to publish Walter’s El Palacio, in 1933, Fred E. Harvey was hired as director, as Walter left to complete his Ph. D and become the founding faculty member of UNM’s sociology department. Under Harvey, the Press began publishing its first hardcover books, the best-seller for this era was Practical Spoken Spanish by Arthur L. Campa and F. M. Kercheville, published in 1934, and still in print today, the first Press minutes on file are from the Committee on Publications meeting of April 20,1937. In those days, the committee, consisting of “Bloom, Brand, Harvey, Pearce, Seyfried, John D. Clark, Popejoy, the Committee received, discussed, and sent manuscripts out for critical review. The board also set the production budget, for the fiscal year 1937-1938, the printing budget was $6,000 and covered printing six University course catalogs and twelve faculty Bulletins, in addition to UNMP books. Also in 1937, UNMP joined the Association of American University Presses, during at least one year of the Depression era, no funds were available to pay Press employees during the summer months
14.
UNM Press
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The University of New Mexico Press, founded in 1929, is a university press that is part of the University of New Mexico. Its administrative offices are in the Office of Research, on the campus of UNM in Albuquerque, UNM Press publishes the Dialagos Series in Latin American Studies, the Mary Burritt Christiansen Poetry Series, and the Barbara Guth Worlds of Wonder Science Series for Young Readers. On June 1,1929, the Board of Regents of the University of New Mexico unanimously approved the establishment of the University of New Mexico Press, at the time, the university enrolled about one thousand students. It does not appear that when the Press was founded the Regents had plans other than for the Press to serve the university community by printing and distributing pamphlets, reports, and journals. At that time, the university printing plant and publishing arm were one entity, on July 15,1930, Stanford-educated Paul A. F. Walter, Jr. son of Santa Fe newspaperman Paul A. F. Walter, Sr. became the first director of UNMP. Leaving his post as editor of the Roswell Morning Dispatch, Walter moved to Santa Fe, where he was assistant director of the Museum of New Mexico. The School of American Research and UNM jointly paid his salary for his job assignment. On August 13,1930, the machinery that would function as the first UNMP printing plant was moved. In 1930, four publications were issued, in 1931, the number increased to ten, and in 1932, seven. These booklets were part of the “Bulletins Series, ” and featured studies by archaeology, education, geology, the booklets sold for $.25 per copy, and UNMP housed stock and filled orders, though no marketing was done for these publications. Because early publications were printed by the UNMP plant, the copyright page often listed “University of New Mexico Press” as the publisher. For example, the first book from UNMP printing facilities was Givers of Life by Emma Esterbrook, though the first book considered a UNMP book is New Mexico History and Civics. In its early years, the Press published the New Mexico Quarterly, a publication. It continued to publish Walter’s El Palacio, in 1933, Fred E. Harvey was hired as director, as Walter left to complete his Ph. D and become the founding faculty member of UNM’s sociology department. Under Harvey, the Press began publishing its first hardcover books, the best-seller for this era was Practical Spoken Spanish by Arthur L. Campa and F. M. Kercheville, published in 1934, and still in print today, the first Press minutes on file are from the Committee on Publications meeting of April 20,1937. In those days, the committee, consisting of “Bloom, Brand, Harvey, Pearce, Seyfried, John D. Clark, Popejoy, the Committee received, discussed, and sent manuscripts out for critical review. The board also set the production budget, for the fiscal year 1937-1938, the printing budget was $6,000 and covered printing six University course catalogs and twelve faculty Bulletins, in addition to UNMP books. Also in 1937, UNMP joined the Association of American University Presses, during at least one year of the Depression era, no funds were available to pay Press employees during the summer months
15.
Uranium mining
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Uranium mining is the process of extraction of uranium ore from the ground. The worldwide production of uranium in 2015 amounted to 60,496 tonnes, Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia are the top three producers and together account for 70% of world uranium production. Other important uranium producing countries in excess of 1,000 tons per year are Niger, Russia, Namibia, Uzbekistan, China, Uranium from mining is used almost entirely as fuel for nuclear power plants. Uranium ores are processed by grinding the ore materials to a uniform particle size. The milling process commonly yields dry powder-form material consisting of uranium, yellowcake. Uranium minerals were noticed by miners for a time prior to the discovery of uranium in 1789. The uranium mineral pitchblende, also known as uraninite, was reported from the Krušné hory, Saxony, other early reports of pitchblende date from 1727 in Jáchymov and 1763 in Schwarzwald. In the early 19th century, uranium ore was recovered as a byproduct of mining in Saxony, Bohemia, the first deliberate mining of radioactive ores took place in Jáchymov, a silver-mining city in the Czech Republic. Marie Curie used pitchblende ore from Jáchymov to isolate the element radium, until World War II uranium mining was done primarily for the radium content. The byproduct uranium was used mostly as a yellow pigment, in the United States, the first radium/uranium ore was discovered in 1871 in gold mines near Central City, Colorado. This district produced about 50 tons of high grade ore between 1871 and 1895, however, most American uranium ore before World War II came from vanadium deposits on the Colorado Plateau of Utah and Colorado. In Cornwall, the South Terras Mine near St. Stephen opened for production in 1873. Other early uranium mining occurred in Autunois in Frances Massif Central, Oberpfalz in Bavaria, the Shinkolobwe deposit in Katanga, Belgian Congo now Shaba Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo was discovered in 1913, and exploited by the Union Minière du Haut Katanga. Other important early deposits include Port Radium, near Great Bear Lake, Canada discovered in 1931, along with Beira Province, Portugal, Tyuya Muyun, Uzbekistan, and Radium Hill, Australia. Because of the need for the uranium for bomb research during World War II, the Manhattan Project initially purchased uranium ore from the Belgian Congo, through the Union Minière du Haut Katanga. Later the project contracted with vanadium mining companies in the American Southwest, purchases were also made from the Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited company in Canada. This company had large stocks of uranium as waste from its radium refining activities, in a much later lawsuit, many miners were able to reclaim lost profits from the U. S. government. American ores had much lower concentrations than the ore from the Belgian Congo
16.
Urban planning
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Urban planning is also referred to as urban and regional planning, regional planning, town planning, city planning, rural planning or some combination in various areas worldwide. It takes many forms and it can share perspectives and practices with urban design, urban planning guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas. Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation and management. Urban planners work with the fields of architecture, landscape architecture, civil engineering. Early urban planners were often members of these cognate fields, today urban planning is a separate, independent professional discipline. The discipline is the category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning. There is evidence of planning and designed communities dating back to the Mesopotamian, Indus Valley, Minoan. Archeologists studying the ruins of cities in these areas find paved streets that were out at right angles in a grid pattern. The idea of a planned out urban area evolved as different civilizations adopted it, beginning in the 8th century BCE, Greek city states were primarily centered on orthogonal plans. The ancient Romans, inspired by the Greeks, also used orthogonal plans for their cities, city planning in the Roman world was developed for military defense and public convenience. The spread of the Roman Empire subsequently spread the ideas of urban planning, as the Roman Empire declined, these ideas slowly disappeared. However, many cities in Europe still held onto the planned Roman city center, cities in Europe from the 9th to 14th centuries, often grew organically and sometimes chaotically. But many hundreds of new towns were built according to preconceived plans. Most of these were realized from the 12th to 14th centuries, from the 15th century on, much more is recorded of urban design and the people that were involved. In this period, theoretical treatises on architecture and urban planning start to appear in which questions are addressed and designs of towns. During the Enlightenment period, several European rulers ambitiously attempted to redesign capital cities, during the Second French Republic, Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, under the direction of Napoleon III, redesigned the city of Paris into a more modern capital, with long, straight, wide boulevards. Planning and architecture went through a shift at the turn of the 20th century. The industrialized cities of the 19th century grew at a tremendous rate, the pace and style of this industrial construction was largely dictated by the concerns of private business
17.
KNME-TV
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KNME-TV, branded on-air as New Mexico PBS, is a non-commercial educational television station based in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States. It is a Public Broadcasting Service member station, and broadcasts on digital channel 35 that produces documentaries, shorts and it is jointly owned by the University of New Mexico and Albuquerque Public Schools. The station has studios located on the North Campus of UNM, New Mexico PBS produces several television programs, including, ¡Colores. - a weekly art series with stories devoted to the creative spirit, New Mexico in Focus - a weekly, prime-time news magazine show covering the events, issues, and people that are shaping life in New Mexico and the Southwest. Public Square - community engagement through meaningful dialogue, KNME also operates the satellite service WestLink, which shares programming with other public television stations and several commercial clients. Satellite interviews from New Mexico on news networks like CNN often originate at New Mexico PBS, from 1995 to 2010, KNME operated TALNET, an educational cable channel for Albuquerque. It broadcast a mix of PBS and Annenberg media programming and local school board meetings on Comcast cable channel 96 in Albuquerque, the channel however had never caught on with Spanish speaking audiences. Since Fall 2016 KNME carries First Nations Experience a channel devoted to Native American programming, the stations digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 35. Through the use of PSIP, digital television display the stations virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 5. New Mexico PBS website Query the FCCs TV station database for KNME-TV BIAfns Media Web Database -- Information on KNME-TV
18.
Manhattan Project
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The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom, from 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs, the Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District, Manhattan gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, the Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion. Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce material, with less than 10% for development. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war, a relatively simple gun-type fission weapon and a more complex implosion-type nuclear weapon. Chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium-238, and with almost the same mass, three methods were employed for uranium enrichment, electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was performed at the Clinton Engineer Works at Oak Ridge, in parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce plutonium. The plutonium was then separated from the uranium. The Fat Man implosion-type weapon was developed in a concerted design, the project was also charged with gathering intelligence on the German nuclear weapon project. Through Operation Alsos, Manhattan Project personnel served in Europe, sometimes behind enemy lines, where they gathered nuclear materials and documents, despite the Manhattan Projects tight security, Soviet atomic spies still penetrated the program. The first nuclear device ever detonated was a bomb at the Trinity test, conducted at New Mexicos Alamogordo Bombing. Little Boy and Fat Man bombs were used a later in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It maintained control over American atomic weapons research and production until the formation of the United States Atomic Energy Commission in January 1947, there were fears that a German atomic bomb project would develop one first, especially among scientists who were refugees from Nazi Germany and other fascist countries. In August 1939, Hungarian-born physicists Leó Szilárd and Eugene Wigner drafted the Einstein–Szilárd letter and it urged the United States to take steps to acquire stockpiles of uranium ore and accelerate the research of Enrico Fermi and others into nuclear chain reactions. They had it signed by Albert Einstein and delivered to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Roosevelt called on Lyman Briggs of the National Bureau of Standards to head the Advisory Committee on Uranium to investigate the issues raised by the letter. Briggs held a meeting on 21 October 1939, which was attended by Szilárd, Wigner, the committee reported back to Roosevelt in November that uranium would provide a possible source of bombs with a destructiveness vastly greater than anything now known. The Advisory Committee on Uranium became the National Defense Research Committee Committee on Uranium when that organization was formed on 27 June 1940, Briggs proposed that the spend $167,000 on research into uranium, particularly the uranium-235 isotope, and the recently discovered plutonium
19.
Los Alamos National Laboratory
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Los Alamos National Laboratory is one of two laboratories in the United States in which classified work towards the design of nuclear weapons has been undertaken. LANL is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory, managed and operated by Los Alamos National Security, located in Los Alamos, the laboratory is one of the largest science and technology institutions in the world. It conducts multidisciplinary research in such as national security, space exploration, renewable energy, medicine, nanotechnology. General Leslie Groves wanted a central laboratory at a location for safety. It should be at least 200 miles from international boundaries and west of the Mississippi, major John Dudley suggested Oak City, Utah or Jemez Springs, New Mexico but both were rejected. Manhattan Project scientific director J. Robert Oppenheimer had spent much time in his youth in the New Mexico area, Dudley had rejected the school as not meeting Groves’ criteria, but as soon as Groves saw it he said in effect This is the place. Oppenheimer became the laboratorys first director, during the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos hosted thousands of employees, including many Nobel Prize-winning scientists. The location was a total secret and its only mailing address was a post office box, number 1663, in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Eventually two other post office boxes were used,180 and 1539, also in Santa Fe, though its contract with the University of California was initially intended to be temporary, the relationship was maintained long after the war. The work of the laboratory culminated in the creation of several devices, one of which was used in the first nuclear test near Alamogordo, New Mexico, codenamed Trinity. The other two were weapons, Little Boy and Fat Man, which were used in the attacks on Hiroshima, the Laboratory received the Army-Navy ‘E’ Award for Excellence in production on October 16,1945. Many of the original Los Alamos luminaries chose to leave the laboratory, in the years since the 1940s, Los Alamos was responsible for the development of the hydrogen bomb, and many other variants of nuclear weapons. In 1952, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was founded to act as Los Alamos competitor, Los Alamos and Livermore served as the primary classified laboratories in the U. S. national laboratory system, designing all the countrys nuclear arsenal. Additional work included basic research, particle accelerator development, health physics. Many nuclear tests were undertaken in the Marshall Islands and at the Nevada Test Site, during the late-1950s, a number of scientists including Dr. J. Robert Bob Beyster left Los Alamos to work for General Atomics in San Diego. Three major nuclear-related accidents have occurred at LANL, criticality accidents occurred in August 1945 and May 1946, and a third accident occurred during an annual physical inventory in December 1958. Several buildings associated with the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965, Los Alamos nuclear work is currently thought to relate primarily to computer simulations and stockpile stewardship. The development of the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility will allow complex simulations of nuclear tests to take place without full explosive yields, the lab has made intense efforts for humanitarian causes through its scientific research in medicine
20.
Sandia National Laboratory
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The Sandia National Laboratories, managed and operated by the Sandia Corporation, are two major United States Department of Energy research and development national laboratories. Their primary mission is to develop, engineer, and test the non-nuclear components of nuclear weapons, the primary campus is located on Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico and the other is in Livermore, California, next to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Sandia is a National Nuclear Security Administration laboratory, other missions include research and development in energy and environmental programs, as well as the surety of critical national infrastructures. In addition, Sandia is home to a variety of research including computational biology, mathematics, materials science, alternative energy, psychology, MEMS. Sandia formerly hosted ASCI Red, one of the worlds fastest supercomputers until its recent decommission, Sandia is also home to the Z Machine. The Z Machine is the largest X-ray generator in the world and is designed to test materials in conditions of temperature and pressure. It is operated by Sandia National Laboratories to gather data to aid in computer modeling of nuclear weapons, Sandia National Laboratories roots go back to World War II and the Manhattan Project. Prior to the United States formally entering the war, the U. S. Army leased land near an Albuquerque, New Mexico airport known as Oxnard Field, to service transient Army and U. S. Navy aircraft. In January 1941 construction began on the Albuquerque Army Air Base, soon thereafter it was renamed Kirtland Field, after early Army military pilot Colonel Roy C. Kirtland, and in mid-1942 the Army acquired Oxnard Field, during the war years facilities were expanded further and Kirtland Field served as a major Army Air Forces training installation. In the many months leading up to successful detonation of the first atomic bomb, the Trinity test and they felt a separate division would be best to perform these functions. Sandia Corporation, an owned subsidiary of AT&T Corporation, managed and operated the laboratory until October 1993. The United States Congress designated Sandia Laboratories as a National laboratory in 1979, sNL/NM is headquarters and the largest laboratory, employing more than 6,600 employees, while SNL/CA is a smaller laboratory, with about 850 employees. Tonopah and Kauai are occupied on a basis, as test schedules dictate. On February 13,2007, a New Mexico State Court found Sandia Corporation liable for $4, when Sandia managers discovered his actions months later, they revoked his security clearance and fired him. In 2014 an investigation determined Sandia Corp. used lab operations funds to pay for lobbying related to the renewal of its $2 billion dollar contract to operate the lab, Sandia Corp. and its parent company, Lockheed Martin, agreed to pay a $4.8 million fine. SNL/NM consists of five areas and several additional test areas. A description of area is given below
21.
Godfrey Reggio
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Godfrey Reggio is an American director of experimental documentary films. Reggio co-founded La Clinica de la Gente, a facility that provided care to 12,000 community members in Santa Fe, and La Gente. In 1963 he co-founded Young Citizens for Action, a community project that aided juveniles among the street gangs in Santa Fe. In 1972, he co-founded the Institute for Regional Education in Santa Fe, a foundation focused on media development, the arts, community organization. Reggio resides in Santa Fe, New Mexico and is focusing on a narrative-based film exploring the negative impacts of consumerism and fundamentalism on the world. Godfrey Reggio participated in the Stock Exchange of Visions project in 2006, Reggio is most known for his Qatsi trilogy, which includes the films Koyaanisqatsi, Powaqqatsi, and Naqoyqatsi. All of the titles are taken from the Hopi language, Koyaanisqatsi meaning life out of balance, Powaqqatsi meaning life in transformation. In 1995 he directed the feature entitled Evidence that featured, like the Qatsi Trilogy. Also, he has directed a documentary Anima Mundi and this film was funded by the World Wide Fund for Nature to promote their Diversity Program. Reggios most recent film is Visitors, which premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, Philip Glass returns as the films composer, and Jon Kane as the Visual Designer. In 2014 Reggio was recognized by the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City with a career retrospective entitled Life with Technology. Koyaanisqatsi, Life Out of Balance Powaqqatsi a. k. a, Powaqqatsi, Life in Transformation Songlines Segment, Patricias Park Anima Mundi a. k. a. The Soul of the World Evidence Naqoyqatsi a. k. a
22.
Koyaanisqatsi
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Koyaanisqatsi, also known as Koyaanisqatsi, Life Out of Balance, is a 1982 American experimental film directed by Godfrey Reggio with music composed by Philip Glass and cinematography by Ron Fricke. The film consists primarily of slow motion and time-lapse footage of cities, the visual tone poem contains neither dialogue nor a vocalized narration, its tone is set by the juxtaposition of images and music. Reggio explained the lack of dialogue by stating its not for lack of love of the language that these films have no words and its because, from my point of view, our language is in a state of vast humiliation. It no longer describes the world in which we live, in the Hopi language, the word Koyaanisqatsi means unbalanced life. The film is the first in the Qatsi trilogy of films, the trilogy depicts different aspects of the relationship between humans, nature and technology. Koyaanisqatsi is the best known of the trilogy and is considered a cult film, however, because of copyright issues, the film was out of print for most of the 1990s. The first image in the film is of the Great Gallery pictograph in Horseshoe Canyon, the section shown depicts several tall, shadowed figures standing near a taller figure adorned with a crown. The next image is a close-up of a Saturn V rocket during its launch, the film fades into a shot of a desolate desert landscape. From there, it progresses to footage of natural phenomena such as waves. The films introduction to human involvement in the environment is a low aerial shot of choppy water, after aerial views of monumental rock formations partly drowned by the artificial Lake Powell, we see a large mining truck causing billows of black dust. This is followed by shots of power lines in the desert, mans continued involvement in the environment is depicted through images of mining operations, oil fields, the Navajo Generating Station, the Glen Canyon Dam, and atomic bomb detonations in a desert. Following the atomic bomb detonations, the sequence begins with a shot of sunbathers on a beach. Shots of taxiing United Airlines Boeing 747 aircraft and traffic patterns during rush hour are seen on a freeway and this is followed with stock footage of Soviet tanks lined up in rows and a military aircraft, and an aircraft carrier. Time-lapse photography of shadows of clouds are seen moving across the skyscrapers, shots of various housing projects in disrepair, and includes footage of the decay and demolition of the Pruitt-Igoe housing project in St. Louis. The sequence ends with footage of the destruction of large buildings, a time-lapse shot of a crowd of people who appear to be waiting in a line. This is followed by shots of people walking along streets in slow motion, the next sequence begins with shots of buildings and a shot of a sunset reflected in the glass of a skyscraper. The sequence uses time-lapse photography of the activity of modern life, the events captured in this sequence involve people interacting with modern technology. The first shots are traffic patterns as seen from skyscrapers at night and this is followed by a composite shot of the moon passing behind a skyscraper
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North Valley, New Mexico
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North Valley is a census-designated place in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, in the United States. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP population was 11,333 and it is part of the Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area. Another name for North Valley is North Albuquerque, North Valley is located at 35°10′17″N 106°37′24″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 7.0 square miles, of which 0.03 square miles. North Valley has a climate, With daytime temperature averaging about five degrees warmer than the Albuquerque International Sunport. North Valley has a more of a desert feel especially in the months when temperatures often reach 100 °F +. Average annual precipitation is 6.75 inches, winters are mild with cold nights and warm days. Snowfall is rare with an average of 3.7 inches, highs are usually in the 40 °F to the 60 °F with lows in the 20 °F and 30 °F. Spring can be windy at times with blowing dust but pleasantly nice for the most part. Highs are usually in the 60 °F to the 80 °F with lows in 30 °F to the 50 °F, summer brings hot conditions with low humidity typical of the desert southwest. Monsoon season usually start in late June to early July and may last until mid to late September depending on the intensity of the moist air from the Gulf of California. Highs are usually in the 90 °F and 100 °F with lows in the 60 °F and 70 °F, fall brings cooler temperatures and dryer conditions. Nights can get chilly at times but are pleasant at others, one can watch the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta from their yards from anywhere in the North Valley. Highs are in the 60 °F to the 80 °F with lows in the 30 °F to the 60 °F, as of the census of 2000, there were 11,923 people,4,467 households, and 3,095 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,645.3 people per square mile, there were 4,772 housing units at an average density of 658.5 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 73. 62% White,1. 04% African American,2. 91% Native American,0. 41% Asian,0. 06% Pacific Islander,18. 19% from other races, and 3. 77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 56. 81% of the population,24. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the family size was 3.08. In the CDP, the population was out with 25. 6% under the age of 18,8. 3% from 18 to 24,26. 2% from 25 to 44,25. 8% from 45 to 64
24.
Santa Fe, New Mexico
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Santa Fe is the capital of the state of New Mexico. It is the fourth-largest city in the state and is the seat of Santa Fe County and this area was occupied for at least several hundred years by indigenous peoples who built villages. The city of Santa Fe, founded by Spanish colonists in 1610, is known as the oldest state capital city in the United States, Santa Fe had a population of 69,204 in 2012. It is the city of a Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Santa Fe County and is part of the larger Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area. The citys full name when founded was La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís, the area of Santa Fe was originally occupied by indigenous Tanoan peoples, who lived in numerous Pueblo villages along the Rio Grande. One of the earliest known settlements in what today is downtown Santa Fe came sometime after 900, the river had a year-round flow until the 1700s. By the 20th century the Santa Fe River was a seasonal waterway, as of 2007, the river was recognized as the most endangered river in the United States, according to the conservation group American Rivers. Don Juan de Oñate led the first European effort to colonize the region in 1598, under Juan de Oñate and his son, the capital of the province was the settlement of San Juan de los Caballeros north of Santa Fe near modern Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo. In 1610, he designated it as the capital of the province, Santa Fe remained Spains provincial seat until the outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence in 1810. It was considered important to fur traders based in present-day Saint Louis, when the area was still under Spanish rule, the Chouteau brothers of Saint Louis gained a monopoly on the fur trade, before the United States acquired Missouri under the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The fur trade contributed to the wealth of St. Louis, the citys status as the capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was formalized in the 1824 Constitution after Mexico achieved independence from Spain. When the Republic of Texas seceded from Mexico in 1836, it claimed Santa Fe as part of the portion of Texas along the Rio Grande. In 1841, a military and trading expedition set out from Austin. Known as the Texan Santa Fe Expedition, the force was prepared and was easily captured by the Mexican army. In 1846, the United States declared war on Mexico, brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny led the main body of his Army of the West of some 1,700 soldiers into Santa Fe to claim it and the whole New Mexico Territory for the United States. By 1848 the U. S. officially gained New Mexico through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, colonel Alexander William Doniphan, under the command of Kearny, recovered ammunition from Santa Fe labeled Spain 1776. This showed that New Mexico had received munitions and other support under Mexican rule, some American visitors at first saw little promise in the remote town. One traveller in 1849 wrote, I can hardly imagine how Santa Fe is supported, the country around it is barren
25.
Kinnelon, New Jersey
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Kinnelon is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. It is a low-density, suburban community, with many parks and trails. The boroughs name comes from Francis S. Kinney, who purchased 5,000 acres of land in the 1880s for an estate that included Lake Kinnelon, and built St. Huberts Chapel in 1886 on an island in the lake. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had an area of 19.186 square miles. The borough is home to Silas Condict County Park, which covers 1,000 acres and was dedicated in 1964, tripod Rock is located in Kinnelons Pyramid Mountain Natural Historical Area, portions of which are located in the borough. Its largest lake is Lake Kinnelon, which is within Smoke Rise, splitrock Reservoir is 625 acres of wilderness, located on the borders of Kinnelon and Rockaway Township. As of the census of 2010, there were 10,248 people,3,472 households, the population density was 569.7 per square mile. There were 3,600 housing units at a density of 200.1 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 08% of the population,12. 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the family size was 3.24. In the borough, the population was out with 27. 2% under the age of 18,6. 6% from 18 to 24,19. 0% from 25 to 44,35. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 43.5 years, for every 100 females there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 95.8 males, the Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $129,664 and the median family income was $144,318. Males had an income of $98,094 versus $71,886 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $56,826, about 1. 4% of families and 1. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1. 4% of those under age 18 and 0. 8% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 9,365 people,3,062 households, the population density was 523.5 people per square mile. There were 3,123 housing units at a density of 174.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the borough was 95. 60% White,0. 58% African American,0. 04% Native American,2. 84% Asian,0. 10% Pacific Islander,0. 23% from other races, and 0. 61% from two or more races
26.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records
