1.
Alps
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The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc, Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,810 m is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4000 metres, the altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe, in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m. Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Palaeolithic era, a mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established, Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon crossed one of the passes with an army of 40,000. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, in World War II, Adolf Hitler kept a base of operation in the Bavarian Alps throughout the war. The Alpine region has a cultural identity. The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted in the Swiss, French, at present, the region is home to 14 million people and has 120 million annual visitors. The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes, maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp and this may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin. According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb hill, Albania, a name not native to the region known as the country of Albania, has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe. In Roman times, Albania was a name for the eastern Caucasus, in modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found. The Alps are a crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in a 800 km arc from east to west and is 200 km in width, the mean height of the mountain peaks is 2.5 km. The range stretches from the Mediterranean Sea north above the Po basin, extending through France from Grenoble, the range continues onward toward Vienna, Austria, and east to the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia. To the south it dips into northern Italy and to the north extends to the border of Bavaria in Germany
2.
Lombardy
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Lombardy is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of 23,844 square kilometres. Milan, Lombardys capital, is the second-largest city and the largest metropolitan area in Italy, the word Lombardy comes from Lombard, which in turn is derived from Late Latin Longobardus, Langobardus, derived from the Proto-Germanic elements *langaz + *bardaz, equivalent to long beard. Some sources derive the second element instead from Proto-Germanic *bardǭ, *barduz, Lombardy referred during the early Middle Ages to the entire territory of Italy ruled by the Lombards, a Germanic tribe who conquered much of the Italian peninsula beginning in the 6th century. During the late Middle Ages, the term shifted meaning and was used to identify the whole of Northern Italy, with a surface of 23,861 km2, Lombardy is the 4th largest region of Italy. It is bordered by Switzerland and by the Italian regions of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, three distinct natural zones can be fairly easily distinguished in the Lombardy region, mountains, hills and plains – the latter being divided in Alta and Bassa. Inconsistent with the three distinctions above made is the subregion of Oltrepò Pavese, formed by the Apennine foothills beyond the Po River. The mighty Po river marks the border of the region for a length of about 210 km. In its progress it receives the waters of the Ticino River, the other streams which contribute to the great river are, the Olona, the Lambro, the Adda, the Oglio and the Mincio. The numerous lakes of Lombardy, all of glacial origin, lie in the northern highlands, from west to east these are Lake Maggiore, Lake Lugano, Lake Como, Lake Iseo, Lake Idro, then Lake Garda, the largest in Italy. A minor mountainous area, the Oltrepò Pavese, lies south of the Po, in the plains, intensively cultivated for centuries, little of the original environment remains. The most commons trees are elm, alder, sycamore, poplar, willow, in the area of the foothills lakes, however, grow olive trees, cypresses and larches, as well as varieties of subtropical flora such as magnolias, azaleas, acacias. Numerous species of flora in the Prealpine area include some kinds of saxifrage, the Lombard garlic, groundsels bellflowers. The highlands are characterized by the vegetation of the whole range of the Italian Alps. At a lower levels oak woods or broadleafed trees grow, on the slopes beech trees grow at the lowest limits. Shrubs such as rhododendron, dwarf pine and juniper are native to the summital zone, Lombardy has a wide array of climates, due to local variances in elevation, proximity to inland water basins, and large metropolitan areas. In addition, there is a seasonal temperature variation. A peculiarity of the climate is the thick fog that covers the plains between October and February. In the Alpine foothills, characterised by an Oceanic climate, numerous lakes exercise a mitigating influence, in the hills and mountains, the climate is humid continental
3.
Vatican Museums
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The Vatican Museums are the museums of the Vatican City and are located within the citys boundaries. The museums contain roughly 70,000 works, of which 20,000 are on display, and currently employ 640 people who work in 40 different administrative, scholarly, Pope Julius II founded the museums in the early 16th century. The Sistine Chapel, with its ceiling decorated by Michelangelo and the Stanze di Raffaello decorated by Raphael, are on the route through the Vatican Museums. In 2013, they were visited by 6 million people, which combined makes it the 6th most visited art museum in the world, there are 54 galleries, or sale, in total, with the Sistine Chapel, notably, being the very last sala within the Museum. It is one of the largest museums in the world, in 2017, the Museums official website and social media presence was completely redone, in accord with current standards and appearances for modern websites. Pope Julius II sent Giuliano da Sangallo and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who were working at the Vatican, on their recommendation, the pope immediately purchased the sculpture from the vineyard owner. The pope put the sculpture of Laocoön and his sons on public display at the Vatican exactly one month after its discovery, the Museum Christianum was founded by Benedict XIV, and some of the Vatican collections formed the Lateran Museum, which Pius IX founded by decree in 1854. The Museums celebrated their 500th anniversary in October 2006 by permanently opening the excavations of a Vatican Hill necropolis to the public, on 1 January 2017 Barbara Jatta became the Director of the Vatican Museums, replacing Antonio Paolucci who had been director since 2007. The art gallery was housed in the Borgia Apartment until Pope Pius XI ordered construction of a proper building, the new building, designed by Luca Beltrami, was inaugurated on 27 October 1932. The museum has paintings including, Giottos Stefaneschi Triptych Olivuccio di Ciccarello, Opere di Misericordia Raphaels Madonna of Foligno, Oddi Altarpiece, the group of museums includes several sculpture museums surrounding the Cortile del Belvedere. The museum takes its name from two popes, Clement XIV and Pius VI, the pope who brought the museum to completion, Clement XIV came up with the idea of creating a new museum in Innocent VIIIs Belvedere palace and started the refurbishment work. Pope Clement XIV founded the Pio-Clementino museum in 1771, and originally it contained the Renaissance, the museum and collection were enlarged by Clements successor Pius VI. Today, the museum works of Greek and Roman sculpture. Some notable galleries are, Greek Cross Gallery, with the porphyri sarcophagi of Constance and Saint Helen, daughter and mother of Constantine the Great. Sala Rotonda, shaped like a miniature Pantheon, the room has impressive ancient mosaics on the floors, Gallery of the Statues, as its name implies, holds various important statues, including Sleeping Ariadne and the bust of Menander. It also contains the Barberini Candelabra, Gallery of the Busts, Many ancient busts are displayed. Cabinet of the Masks, The name comes from the mosaic on the floor of the gallery, found in Villa Adriana, along the walls, several famous statues are shown including the Three Graces. One wove the thread of life, second nurtured it, third cut it. The center piece is Belvedere Torso, revered by Michelangelo and other Renaissance men, sala degli Animali, So named because of the many ancient statues of animals
4.
Nadro
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Nadro is an Italian hamlet of the comune of Ceto, Lombardy. It lies 75 km from Brescia, along the strada Statale 42 del Tonale e della Mendola and is situated in Val Camonica, nadro is a medieval town developed around the tower house of the noble Gaionis family, dated 15th century
5.
Cividate Camuno
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Cividate Camuno is an Italian comune of 2,774 inhabitants, in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy. The territory of Cividate Camuno is bordered by municipalities, to the east Bienno, on the north Breno and Malegno, to the west Piancogno. Originally a Roman town, the Civitas Camunnorum, Cividate Camuno was known as Civethate in the medieval period, between 1863 and 1887 Cividate assumed the name Cividate Alpino, but because of bureaucratic confusion, in 1887 the village re-took the name Cividate Camuno. Commanding the countryside, it is accessed by a ladder with four flights with no possibility of approach. Archaeological excavations have reported pre-Christian elements, the one which characterize the people of Cividate Camuno is Pàtate, Bö or Maia Hüche. Blessed Giuseppe Tovini Blessed Mosè Tovini Historical photos - Intercam Historical photos - Lombardia Beni Culturali Archaeological park with Roman theatre and amphitheatre and national museum
6.
Capo di Ponte
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Capo di Ponte is an Italian comune in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy. Located 362 metres above sea level, Capo di Ponte owes its name to an ancient settlement to the west of a bridge over the River Oglio which leads to a hamlet named Cemmo, the present comune is on the eastern side of the river. In 1315 the Imesigo marsh, on the plain between Capo di Ponte and Sellero, was flooded by the River Re. In 1698 Father Gregorio Brunelli says that the village of Zero, after the fall of the Republic of Venice the comune of Capo di Ponte was founded, later becoming comune of Cemmo and Capo di Ponte. Under the Lombardo-Veneto kingdom, the name was changed to comune di Capo di Ponte e Cemmo. It has been known as Capo di Ponte since 1859, the churches of Capo di Ponte are, Parish of Saint Martino, rebuilt in the eighteenth century with stone columns in Sarnico. The Soasa is by Beniamino Simoni, monastery of San Salvatore of Tezze Church of Saint Faustina and Liberata Oratory of St Rocco at Bridge of the seventeenth century
7.
Breno
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Breno is an Italian comune of 4,986 inhabitants in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy. It is bounded by communes of Niardo, Bagolino, Bienno, Braone, Ceto, Cividate Camuno, Condino, Daone, Losine, Malegno, Niardo. The town of Breno stands in a gorge, between the castle hill and the Corno Cerreto, on the left bank of the river Oglio. According to professor Fedele the gorge was once the bed of the Oglio, on top of the castle hill a house dating back to the Neolithic was discovered. In the locality Spinera, at the river Oglio, there is the Sanctuary of Minerva of the first century CE, in the Middle Ages the Castle of Breno had two towers, one belonging to the Guelph family Ronchi, the other to the Ghibelline family Alberzoni. In the 1397 peace of Breno between Guelphs and Ghibellines, the representatives of the community of Breno sided both with the Ghibellines and the Guelphs, during the Republic of Venice rule Breno was the seat of the Community of Val Camonica. Breno today is the seat of the Comunità montana di Valle Camonica, the emblem of the province of Brescia is the group of five blazons, that of Brescia in the center, the town of Chiari, Breno, Verolanuova and Salò. Parish Church of San Salvatore, the structure located in the center of the country. The altars are in marble of Ono San Pietro, Church of SantAntonio Abate, preserves notable works of art, between them should be mentioned first of all the important cycle of frescoes realized by Romanino. Church of St Maria at the Bridge, the500, onto the structure is the temple of Minerva, Church of San Carlo, the seventeenth century, with significant number of ex-voto. Church of San Maurizio, an ancient parish, chapel of St. Apollonia, the road leading to St. Valentine. Church of San Valentino, fifteenth construction, interior perhaps Giovanni Pietro da Cemmo, the Castle of Breno rises over a hill inhabited already in prehistoric times. It was the main bastion for the control of Valle Camonica until the seventeenth century, the scütüm are in camunian dialect nicknames, sometimes personal, elsewhere showing the characteristic features of a community. Among the painting collection, are works by, Emilian 14th century master - I sette dormienti nella spelonca Venetian 16th century - Madonna with Bambino, Historical photos - Intercam Historical photos - Lombardia Beni Culturali
8.
Bienno
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The village is located in Val Grigna, on the northern side of the river Grigna. It is bordered by towns such as, Bagolino, Berzo Inferiore, Bovegno, Breno, Cividate Camuno, Collio. In 1295 a dispute occurred with the neighbouring village Bovegno regarding some high pastures, on January 25,1350 the bishop of Brescia invested iure feuds for a tenth of the rights in the territories of the Municipality of Bienno and men of Bienno. This also happened back in 1295,1336, and later in 1388,1423 and 1486, in 1391 the land of Bienno, which sided with the Ghibellines, was the site of extensive cattle raiding by the Guelph Camuni, led by Baroncino Nobili of Lozio. The peace of Breno was signed on 31 December 1397 by the representative of the community of Bienno, Lanini Bertolino di Martino, between 1805 and 1815 the town of Bienno was united to Prestine and called Bienno with Prestine. Bienno is part of the club of The Most Beautiful Villages in Italy creation of the Council of Tourism of the Association of Italian Municipalities, the smallest church in the lower part of the old town, the Chiesa di Santa Maria Annunziata. In its single nave, it contains frescoes of great value produced during the 16th century by artists, including Giovanni Pietro da Cemmo. The frescoes also include, among subjects, a danse macabre to the right of the altar. Hermitage of St. Peter and Paul, built in the half of the 20th century, but originated in the 11th or 12th century. Church of San Defendente on a hill at the entrance of Bienno dating back to the 15th century. Church of St Peter ad Vincula of 16th century and it is built onto a Roman altar of Bacchus of which you can see the remains in the back of the building. Hill of Christ the King, there stands a monument to Christ the King, chapel of the pools, dating back to the 15th century and reworked in the 17th century. The House of Panteghini, built in 1483, the House of Bettoni dated of 1550. It becomes the Public Library and a cultural center, the scütüm are in camunian dialect nicknames, sometimes personal, elsewhere showing the characteristic features of a community. The one which characterize the people of Bienno is Padèle and this week welcomes thousands of visitors. Mostra mercato 2014 Geltrude Comensoli, religious, arte in Val Camonica - vol 4. Historical photos - Intercam Historical photos - Lombardia Beni Culturali
9.
Italy
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Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world
10.
Pisogne
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Pisogne is a comune of 8156 inhabitants in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy. Pisogne is situated at the northern-east tip of Lake Iseo, where the river Oglio flows into the lake and it is the lowermost commune of the Val Camonica. Neighbouring communes are Marone, Pezzaze, Pian Camuno and Costa Volpino, Pisogne is mentioned for the first time in 1227. In 1287 the great rebellion led by Camunian Federici noble family against the city of Brescia, was followed by the killing of several of Pisogne Guelphs resident there, following this fact, the town was fortified between the 12th and 13th century and granted to the Brusati family. In 1518 eight witches were convicted of arson in Pisogne, on November 14,1727 the bandit Giorgio Vicario, one of the most feared of Val Camonica buli, born in Pisogne in 1695, was murdered. In 1907 Pisogne was reached by the line, which is still running. The Church of Santa Maria della Neve, containing frescoes by Romanino The ancient parish church of Santa Maria in Silvis, built around the 9th century on ancient Roman remains, the parish church dedicated to Santa Maria Assunta, dating to the 18th century. The Bishops Tower, located in the main square Bishop Giacomo Maria Corna Pellegrini Pisogne is twinned with, Konstancin-Jeziorna, Poland Panazza, Gaetano, arte in Val Camonica - vol 3. Historical photos - Intercam Historical photos - Lombardia Beni Culturali
11.
Ponte di Legno
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Ponte di Legno is an Italian comune of 1,729 inhabitants in Val Camonica, province of Brescia, in Lombardy. Situated at the confluence of the two rivers of the Oglio, Ponte di Legno is the uppermost comune of Valle Camonica. The territory of the municipality of Ponte di Legno was part of the ancient Dalaunia, on September 27,1917 the village was bombarded by Austrian cannons and razed to the ground in a short time. The churches of Ponte di Legno are, Parish of the Holy Trinity, dated 1685, inside there are works from the workshop of Ramus. It is an ancient church dating from the century, with frescoes of the thirteenth century of the hand of the painter Johannes from Volpino. The scütüm are in camunian dialect nicknames, sometimes personal, elsewhere showing the features of a community
12.
Province of Brescia
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The Province of Brescia is a Province in Lombardy, northern Italy. It has a population of some 1,200,000 As of 2016, the province of Brescia stretches between Lake Iseo in the west, Lake Garda in the east, the Southern Rhaetian Alps in the north and the Lombardian plains in the south. The main rivers of the province are the Oglio, the Mella, rock Drawings in Valcamonica, Brescia, one of the places of Longobard power, Prehistoric settlements of Lavagnone, Lugana Vecchia, Lucone, San Sivino and Gabbiano. Communes of the province of Brescia Official website
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