Value capture is a type of public financing that recovers some or all of the value that public infrastructure generates for private landowners. In many countries, the public sector is responsible for
Municipalities have used numerous means to capture unearned land values increased by the addition of public infrastructure. This image shows how building height and density (and therefore value) have increased near rail transit stations.
In economics, an externality is a cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's activity. Many externalities can be considered as unpriced components that ar
Value capture
…landowners cost-free) may be "captured" directly by converting them into public revenue (see georgism). Thus, value capture internalizes the positive externalities of public investments, allowing public agencies to tax the direct beneficiaries of their investments. Urban planners and finance officials are often…
Air pollution from motor vehicles is an example of a negative externality. The costs of the air pollution for the rest of society is not compensated for by either the producers or users of motorized transport.
The neighbors who live beside this house and garden get to enjoy the view of the beautiful flowers at no cost.
Light pollution is an example of an externality because the consumption of street lighting has an effect on bystanders that is not compensated for by the consumers of the lighting.
Effluent flows from industrial plants can pollute waterways.