1.
University Endowment Lands
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The University Endowment Lands is an unincorporated area that lies to the west of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, surrounding the University of British Columbia. The UEL is part of Metro Vancouver and sometimes considered part of Vancouver, the governance arrangements for these three areas are different, however. The UEL is administered directly by the province and landowners pay their property directly to the provincial government. In a 1995 referendum, UEL residents voted against establishing a governing body. The University Endowment Lands are located immediately west of the City of Vancouver, statistics Canada reports a total land area of 14.13 square kilometres. About half of the UEL is made up of Pacific Spirit Regional Park, located on Point Grey, the UEL also boasts tall cliffs near the water, with steep drops of approximately 70 metres down to the beaches below. Because the UEL is close to cliffs and the Strait of Georgia. Most of the come from the Strait itself, Howe Sound. Snowfalls are also more common than many parts of the City of Vancouver because of the higher altitude. The UEL has higher humidity compared to parts of Greater Vancouver because it is surrounded on three sides by water. Fog is common in the months, especially in areas near Pacific Spirit Park. The territory was held by the Musqueam Indian Band which still lays claim to the area. This land was to be in the Cariboo region of the provinces Interior and this idea was changed in 1911 when the provincial government passed the University Site Act, which set aside 175 acres in Point Grey for the university. This is where the UEL is located today, by 1920, it was realized that the Cariboo land did not have a high enough market value to generate the income needed for the university, so that idea was abandoned. This led to the British Columbia University Loan Act, which allowed the Lieutenant-Governor to sell 3,000 acres of Crown land on Point Grey for residential development, the money from the auction was put in the University Endowment Account for the university. However, a lot of the development that was planned was halted due to economic hardships stemming from the Great Depression, the university could not afford to prepare the land for development or to clear the forest land for development. In the 1930s, the university returned control of the land to the government, by the mid-1950s, over half of the undeveloped land in the UEL remained undeveloped due to the Depression and war shortages in the 1940s. There have been attempts to develop this land, which was then opposed by environmentally aware residents in the area
2.
British Columbia
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British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U. S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Port Moody is named after him, in 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colonys capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu, the capital of British Columbia remains Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for the Queen who created the original European colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, in October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371. British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871, First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title, notably, the Tsilhqotin Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision. BCs economy is diverse, with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the provinces GDP and it is the endpoint of transcontinental railways, and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 km2 land is arable and its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the provinces largest city and metropolitan area, also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies and it also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. The Northern Interior region has a climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, the provinces name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia, i. e. the Mainland, became a British colony in 1858. The current southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, British Columbias land area is 944,735 square kilometres. British Columbias rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres and it is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean. British Columbias capital is Victoria, located at the tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of the Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated, much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by thick, tall and sometimes impenetrable temperate rainforest
3.
University of British Columbia
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The University of British Columbia, commonly referred to as UBC, is a public research university with campuses and facilities in British Columbia, Canada. Founded in 1908 as the McGill University College of British Columbia and it is British Columbias oldest institution of higher learning and has over 60,000 students at its Vancouver and Okanagan Valley campuses. Most students are enrolled in five faculties, Arts, Science, Applied Science, UBC Faculty of Medicine. UBCs 4.02 km2 Vancouver campus is within the University Endowment Lands, the 2.09 km2 Okanagan campus, acquired in 2005, is in Kelowna. UBCs admission standards is the 2nd most rigorous in Canada with the average of 89. 95% high school GPA for all incoming domestic students in 2015 for the Vancouver Campus. According to the annual rankings compiled by Macleans and U. S. News, in 2015 U. S. News and World Report and Times Higher Education ranked UBC among the 20 best public universities worldwide. With an annual research budget valued at $600 million, UBC funds 8,442 projects as of 2014, the university has also educated three Canadian prime ministers, most recently Justin Trudeau, the current prime minister. One of the largest research libraries in Canada, the UBC Library system has over 9.9 million volumes among its 21 branches, since 1968, UBC is home to TRIUMF, Canadas national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics which houses the worlds largest cyclotron. In 1877, only six years after British Columbia joined Canada, the provincial legislature passed An Act Respecting the University of British Columbia in 1890, but disagreements arose over whether to build the university on Vancouver Island or the mainland. The British Columbia University Act of 1908 formally called a university into being. The president, appointed by the board, was to provide a link between the two bodies and to perform institutional leadership, the Act constituted a twenty-one member senate with Francis Carter-Cotton of Vancouver as Chancellor. Before the University Act, there had been attempts at creating a degree-granting university with help from the Universities of Toronto. Building on an affiliation between Vancouver and Victoria high schools with McGill University, Henry Marshall Tory helped establish the McGill University College of British Columbia. From 1906 to 1915, McGill BC operated as an institution providing the first few years toward a degree at McGill University or elsewhere. The Henry Marshall Tory Medal was established in 1941 by Tory, founding President of the University of Alberta and of the National Research Council of Canada, and a co-founder of Carleton University. In the meantime, appeals were made to the government to revive the legislation for a provincial institution, leading to the University Endowment Act in 1907. In 1910 the Point Grey site was chosen, and the government appointed Dr. Frank Fairchild Wesbrook as President in 1913, on the first day of lectures was September 30,1915, the new independent university absorbed McGill University College. The University of British Columbia awarded its first degrees in 1916, World War I dominated campus life, and the student body was decimated by enlistments for active service, with three hundred UBC students in Company D alone
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
Anglican Church of Canada
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The Anglican Church of Canada is the Province of the Anglican Communion in Canada. The official French name is lÉglise anglicane du Canada, in 2007, the Anglican Church counted 545,957 members on parish rolls in 2,192 congregations organised into approximately 1300 parishes. The 2011 Canadian Census counted 1,631,845 self-identified Anglicans, making the Anglican Church the third largest Canadian church after the Roman Catholic Church and the United Church of Canada. The Queen of Canadas Canadian Royal Style continues to include the Style Defender of the Faith, until 1955, the Anglican Church of Canada was known as the Church of England in the Dominion of Canada or simply the Church of England in Canada. In 1977, the churchs General Synod adopted lÉglise épiscopale du Canada as its French-language name and this name was replaced with the current one, lÉglise anglicane du Canada, in 1989, however, the former name is still used in some places along with the new one. This confusion is furthered by the fact that Canada has ten provinces along with three territories. In recent years, there have been attempts by groups to incorporate under very similar names. The Anglican Church of Canadas Prayer Book commemorates John Cabots 1497 landing in Newfoundland on 24 June, the propagation of the Church of England occurred in three ways. One way was by officers of ships and lay military and civil officials reading services from the Book of Common Prayer regularly when no clergy were present, a second way was the direct appointing and employing of clergy by the English government on ships and in settlements. A third way was the employment of clergy by private adventurous companies, stourton was of the Puritan party and remained in Ferryland until returning to England in 1628. The overseas development of the Church of England in British North America challenged the view of the Church at home. The editors of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer found that they had to address the concerns of the contemporary adventurer. In the 1662 Preface, the editors note. is now necessary, and may be always useful for the baptizing of Natives in our Plantations. The Hudsons Bay Company sent out its first chaplain in 1683, and these and other organizations directly financed and sent missionaries to establish the English Church in Canada and to convert Canadas First Nations people. Direct aid of this lasted up to the 1940s. The first Anglican church in Newfoundland and in Canada was the small chapel at St Johns Fort built sometime before 1698. The first continuously resident cleric of the chapel was the Reverend John Jackson - a Royal Navy chaplain who had settled in St. Johns and was supported by the SPCK in 1698, in 1701, the SPG took over the patronage of St Johns. Jackson continued to receive little support and was replaced by the Reverend Jacob Rice in 1709
6.
United Church of Canada
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The Canadian Conference of the Evangelical United Brethren Church joined the United Church of Canada on 1 January 1968. Membership peaked in 1964 at 1.1 million, and has declined since that time, from 1991 to 2001, the number of people claiming an affiliation with the United Church decreased by 8%, the third largest decrease in mainstream Christian denominations in Canada. Church statistics for the end of 2014 showed 436,292 members, about 139,000 people attend services in 2,170 pastoral charges representing 2,961 congregations on a regular basis. The United Church has a structure, where each council have specific responsibilities. In some areas, each of these councils have sole authority, while in others, the rules for governance are set out in The Manual, first written in 1925, and updated on a regular basis. The voice and face of the church is the Moderator, who is elected to a term at each General Council. Visiting pastoral charges across the country, giving guidance and counsel in all its affairs. Being the primary spokesperson for the United Church presiding at the meetings of the General Council, its Executive, currently, Jordan Cantwell, an ordained minister from Saskatchewan, holds the position after her election August 13,2015 at the 42nd General Council. A pastoral charge that has two or more congregations is described as a two-point charge, three-point charge, etc. The pastoral charge is responsible for their operations, including raising all of the money needed for staff, building maintenance and operation, worship, committee work. Policy decisions at this level are made by a congregational Board or Council. However, budgets and finances, election of Board members and changes to ministry-pastoral relations must be approved at a meeting of the full congregation, there are 85 presbyteries within the United Church, each being a collection of about 20–60 pastoral charges. Each pastoral charge may also send delegates from the congregation to assist in decision-making, the presbytery is responsible for care and oversight of the pastoral charges within it. When a pastoral charge is seeking a new minister, the presbytery provides presbyters who help to assess the congregations ministerial needs as well as taking part in the search process, presbyteries are gathered up into one of 13 conferences. The conference is responsible for the training and education of candidates for ministry, for overall church mission strategy and this is the churchs highest legislative court. Every three years, ministers and lay commissioners who have been elected by the Conferences meet to set church policy, an Executive and Sub-Executive govern between meetings of the council. This change must be approved by a majority of pastoral charges, the clergy of the United Church are called ministers. There are two streams, ordered ministry and lay ministry, ordered ministry includes ordained ministers and diaconal ministers
7.
Presbyterian Church in Canada
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The Presbyterian Church in Canada is a Presbyterian denomination, serving in Canada under this name since 1875. The United Church of Canada claimed the right to the name from 1925 to 1939, according to the Canada 2001 Census 409,830 Canadians identify themselves as Presbyterian, that is,1. 4% of the population. It also was a benefit to have support from Governor General Lord Tweedsmuir, in 1759, Great Britain gained control of the French colony of New France, seized during the Seven Years War. At the Plains of Abraham outside of the walled Citadelle of Quebec, there was a Scottish Battalion and this group became the roots of St. Andrews Church in Quebec City. In Truro, Nova Scotia, First United Church was founded in 1760 by Scottish settlers, St. James Presbyterian Church was formed in 1925 by the minority that did not join the United Church. In Halifax, St. Matthews dates back to 1749 as a Dissenting Protestant Worship House, and adhered to Presbyterian polity at a later date, the Presbyterian Church of St. Some of the early Canadian Presbyterians were United Empire Loyalists of Scots descent, early Clergy represented many strands of reformed theology, and were educated in Scotland, Ireland, and the United States. Initial attempts at forming native Presbyteries were futile, American influences in the Canadas came first from Dutch Reformed missionaries from New York State, and later American Presbyterians from many different Presbyterian groupings. Congregations were eventually formed in communities, and usually after a lengthy period without any supply from clergy, in many cases, family worship consisted of devotions. In southern Ontario, there was once a Stamford Presbytery, their last congregation, located near Milton, Ontario closed in 1951, and Stamford Church in Niagara Falls joined the PCC in 1936. There were still Church of Scotland congregations and ministers who remained outside this group, before its incorporation in New Brunswick on January 30,1833, in 1811, Rev. Thomas McCulloch formed the Pictou Academy, the first educational school to train ministers. Some of its graduates travelled to Scotland to continue their training, in the Canadas, the United Presbytery of the Canadas was formed in 1818, as a looser arrangement of clergy supported by other groups. In 1834, this group began to receive a number of United Synod clergy and congregations. In 1831, the United Associate Synod in Scotland agreed to send missionaries to the Canadas, on Christmas Day 1834, a Canadian Synod was erected in the newly incorporated city of Toronto, which also included congregations and at least one minister from the United Synod of the Canadas. They later started their own Toronto congregation in 1838. and a Theological College in London, in the Maritime Provinces, colonies were set up in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and on Cape Breton Island. As in both Upper Canada and Lower Canada, there were various groups organizing congregations, the formal structure of the Church of Scotland was affected there for a decade. In June 1861, the Canada Presbyterian Church was formed with the merger of the Canadian Synods of the Free Church of Scotland, John Black to the Red River Colony at Kildonan, and Rev. James Nisbet to Prince Albert. The Canadian Presbyterian Church started a theological college, The Presbyterian College
8.
McGill University
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McGill University is a public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was established in 1821 by royal charter, issued by King George IV of Great Britain, the University bears the name of James McGill, a prominent Montreal merchant from Scotland whose bequest in 1813 formed the universitys precursor, McGill College. Its academic units are organized into 11 main Faculties and Schools, McGill offers degrees and diplomas in over 300 fields of study, with the highest average admission requirements of any Canadian university. Most students are enrolled in the five largest faculties, namely Arts, Science, Medicine, Engineering, tuition fees vary significantly between in-province, out-of-province, and international students, as well as between faculties. Scholarships are generous, yet highly competitive and relatively difficult to attain, throughout its long history, McGill alumni were instrumental in inventing or initially organizing football, basketball, and ice hockey. In 1816 the RIAL was authorized to operate two new Royal Grammar Schools, in Quebec City and in Montreal and this was an important first step in the creation of nondenominational schools. When James McGill died in 1813 his bequest was administered by the RIAL, the original two Royal Grammar Schools closed in 1846 and by the mid-19th century the RIAL lost control of the other 82 grammar schools it had administered. Its sole remaining purpose was to administer the McGill bequest on behalf of the private college, since the revised Royal Charter of 1852, The Trustees of the RIAL comprise the Board of Governors of McGill University. James McGill, born in Glasgow, Scotland on 6 October 1744, was a merchant in Quebec. Between 1811 and 1813, he drew up a will leaving his Burnside estate, a 19-hectare tract of rural land and 10,000 pounds to the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning. As a condition of the bequest, the land and funds had to be used for the establishment of a University or College, for the purposes of Education and the Advancement of Learning in the said Province. On March 31,1821, after protracted battles with the Desrivières family. The Charter provided that the College should be deemed and taken as a University, the Faculty of Medicine granted its first degree, a Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, in 1833, this was also the first medical degree to be awarded in Canada. The Faculty of Medicine remained the only functioning faculty until 1843 when the Faculty of Arts commenced teaching in the newly constructed Arts Building. The university also historically has strong linkage with The Canadian Grenadier Guards and this title is marked upon the stone that stands before the Arts building, from where the Guards step off annually to commemorate Remembrance Day. The Faculty of Law was founded in 1848 which is also the oldest of its kind in the nation,48 years later, the school of architecture at McGill University was founded. Sir John William Dawson, McGills principal from 1855 to 1893, is credited with transforming the school into a modern university. He recruited the aid of Montreals wealthiest citizens, many of whom donated property and their names adorn many of the campuss prominent buildings
9.
Methodism
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Methodism, or the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and Johns brother Charles Wesley were also significant leaders in the movement and it originated as a revival within the 18th century Church of England and became a separate Church after Wesleys death. Because of vigorous missionary work, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, Wesleys theology focused on sanctification and the effect of faith on the character of a Christian. Distinguishing Methodist doctrines include an assurance of salvation, imparted righteousness, the possibility of perfection in love, the works of piety and the primacy of Scripture. Most Methodists teach that Jesus Christ, the Son of God, died for all of humanity and that salvation is available for all, in theology and this teaching rejects the Calvinist position that God has pre-ordained the salvation of a select group of people. However, Whitefield and several others were considered Calvinistic Methodists and held to the latter position, Methodism emphasises charity and support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the works of mercy. These ideals are put into practice by the establishment of hospitals, orphanages, soup kitchens and schools to follow Christs command to spread the gospel, the movement has a wide variety of forms of worship, ranging from high church to low church in liturgical usage. Denominations that descend from the British Methodist tradition are generally less ritualistic, Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition and Charles Wesley was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church. In Britain, the Methodist Church had an effect in the early decades of the making of the working class. In the United States, it became the religion of many slaves who later formed black churches in the Methodist tradition. The Methodist revival began with a group of men, including John Wesley and his younger brother Charles, the Wesley brothers founded the Holy Club at the University of Oxford, where John was a fellow and later a lecturer at Lincoln College. The club met weekly and they set about living a holy life. They were accustomed to receiving Communion every week, fasting regularly, abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury and frequently visited the sick, the fellowship were branded as Methodist by their fellow students because of the way they used rule and method to go about their religious affairs. John, who was leader of the club, took the attempted mockery, unsuccessful in their work, the brothers returned to England conscious of their lack of genuine Christian faith. They looked for help to Peter Boehler and other members of the Moravian Church, at a Moravian service in Aldersgate on 24 May 1738, John experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his heart strangely warmed. Charles had reported an experience an few days previously. Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. John Wesley came under the influence of the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius, Arminius had rejected the Calvinist teaching that God had pre-ordained an elect number of people to eternal bliss while others perished eternally. Conversely, George Whitefield, Howell Harris, and Selina Hastings, George Whitefield, returning from his own mission in Georgia, joined the Wesley brothers in what was rapidly to become a national crusade
10.
Egerton Ryerson
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Adolphus Egerton Ryerson was a Methodist minister, educator, politician, and public education advocate in early Ontario, Canada. He was the opponent of the closed oligarchy that ran the province. He joined the Methodist Episcopal Church at 17, and was forced to leave the home by his Anglican father, after leaving home, Ryerson worked as an usher in a London grammar school, before his father sent for him to return home. He returned home and farmed for a period of time before leaving again. In Hamilton, he studied Latin and Greek with such fervor that he became ill with a fever that almost claimed his life and this enabled him to become a Methodist missionary or circuit rider. His first post was the York region surrounding Yonge Street, the circuit took four weeks to complete on foot or horseback, as it encompassed areas with roads in extremely poor condition. However, the experience gave Ryerson a first hand look at the life of the early pioneer. In 1826, sermons from John Strachan, Anglican Archdeacon of York, Upper Canada, were published asserting that the Anglican Church was, by law, Methodists were singled out as American and therefore disloyal. Money was requested of the crown to allow the Anglican church to maintain ties to Great Britain, as Ryerson was the son of a Loyalist, this was an abomination. Ryerson used the paper to argue for the rights of Methodists in the province and, later, Ryerson was castigated by the reformist press at that time for apparently abandoning the cause of reform and becoming, at least as far as they were concerned, a Tory. Ryerson resigned the editorship in 1835 only to assume it again at his brother Johns urging from 1838 to 1840. In 1840 Ryerson allowed his name to stand for one last time but was soundly defeated by a vote of 50 to 1 in favour of his co-religionist Jonathan Scott. Education among the people is the best security of a government and constitutional liberty, it yields a steady, unbending support to the former. The first object of a government should be the education of the people. Partial knowledge is better than total ignorance. If total ignorance be a bad and dangerous thing, every degree of knowledge lessens both the evil and the danger and this quote is a fore-telling of Ryersons contribution to education in Upper Canada. Ryerson helped found the Upper Canada Academy in Cobourg in the 1830s, when it was incorporated in 1841 under the name Victoria College Ryerson assumed the presidency. Victoria continues to exist as part of the University of Toronto, Ryerson also fought for many secularization reforms, to keep power and influence away from any one church, particularly the Church of England in Upper Canada which had pretentions to establishment. Such secularization also led to the widening of the system into public hands
11.
New Westminster
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New Westminster is a historically important city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and is a member municipality of the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Before the settlers arrived from various parts of the world, the now known as New Westminster was inhabited by Qayqayt First Nation. The discovery of gold in B. C. and the arrival of gold seekers from the south prompted fear amongst the settlers that Americans may invade to take over this land. Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland and selected the site and founded the new capital, everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England’s dominions on the Pacific mainland. My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses, the water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away. It was suggested by Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment that the site be proclaimed Queensborough, Governor James Douglas proclaimed the new capital with this name on February 14,1859. From this naming by the Queen, the City gained its official nickname, a year later New Westminster became the first City in British Columbia to be incorporated and have an elected municipal government. It became an outfitting point for prospectors coming to the Fraser Gold Rush, as all travel to the goldfield ports of Yale. Moreover, to pay for the expense of building roads into the Interior of the colony, in 1866, the colony of British Columbia and the colony of Vancouver Island were united as British Columbia. Cox then popped the lenses of Franklyns glasses from their frames so that the Nanaimo representative could see nothing at all of his speech, the subsequent vote was 13 to 8 against New Westminster. A smallpox epidemic devastated the New Westminster Band, reducing the members from about 400 people to under 100. Many of the remaining Qayqayt were assimilated into other local reserves and their reserve on Poplar Island was turned into an Aboriginal smallpox victim quarantine area. For decades, the Poplar Island reserve was designated as belonging to all coast tribes, in 1913 the federal government seized most of the New Westminster Bands reserve lands. In 1916 the remaining land on Poplar Island was turned over to the BC government, eighteen years earlier, in 1898, a devastating fire destroyed downtown New Westminster. In 1991, the New Westminster Armoury was recognized as a Federal Heritage building on the Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings, New Westminster is located on the Burrard Peninsula, on the north bank of the Fraser River. It is 19 kilometres southeast of the City of Vancouver proper, adjacent to Burnaby and Coquitlam, a portion of New Westminster called Queensborough is located on the eastern tip of Lulu Island, adjacent to Richmond. The total land area is 15.3 square kilometres, New Westminster has changed markedly over time and by the results of its incorporation into the wider urbanization of the Lower Mainland. In 1878, the Government of Canada opened the British Columbia Penitentiary, BC Pen, or simply the Pen, as it was known, was located between the Sapperton neighbourhood and what is now Queens Park
12.
Congregational church
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Congregational or Congregationalist churches are Protestant churches practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs. Congregationalism is often considered to be a part of the wider Reformed tradition, ideas of nonconforming Protestants during the Puritan Reformation of the Church of England laid foundation for these churches. Congregationalists also differed with the Reformed churches using episcopalian church governance, within the United States, the model of Congregational churches was carried by migrating settlers from New England into New York, then into the Old North West, and further. With their insistence on independent local bodies, they became important in social reform movements, including abolitionism, temperance. Congregationalist tradition has a presence in the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and it has been introduced either by immigrant dissenter Protestants or by missionary organization such as the London Missionary Society. Congregationalists believe their model of church governance fulfils the description of the early church, Congregationalism is more easily identified as a movement than a single denomination, given its distinguishing commitment to the complete autonomy of the local congregation. The early Congregationalists shared with Anabaptist theology the ideal of a pure church and they believed the adult conversion experience was necessary for an individual to become a full member in the church, unlike other Reformed churches. As such, the Congregationalists were an influence on the Baptists. They differed in counting the children of believers in some members of the church. On the other hand, the Baptists required each member to experience conversion, in England, the Anglican system of church government was taken over by King Henry VIII. It declared the sovereign of England to be the only supreme head on earth of the Church in England. In the reign of Elizabeth I, this title was changed to Supreme Governor of the Church of England, an act still in effect. Robert Browne, Henry Barrow, John Greenwood, John Penry, William Brewster, Thomas Jollie, the underground churches in England and exiles from Holland provided about 35 out of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower, which sailed from London in July 1620. They became known in history as the Pilgrim Fathers, the early Congregationalists sought to separate themselves from the Anglican church in every possible way and even eschewed having church buildings. They met in homes for many years, in 1639 William Wroth, then Rector of the parish church at Llanvaches in Monmouthshire, established the first Independent Church in Wales according to the New England pattern, i. e. Congregational. The Tabernacle United Reformed Church at Llanvaches survives to this day, during the English Civil War, those who supported the Parliamentary cause were invited by Parliament to discuss religious matters. This government would last until 1660 when the monarch was restored, in 1658 the Congregationalists created their own version of the Westminster Confession, called the Savoy Declaration, which remains the principal subordinate standard of Congregationalism. The work in South America began in 1921 when four Argentine churches urgently requested that denominational recognition be given to George Geier, the Illinois Conference licensed Geier, who worked among Germans from Russia who were very similar to their kin in the United States and in Canada
13.
Presbyterian Church (USA)
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The Presbyterian Church, or PC, is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. A part of the Reformed tradition, it is the largest Presbyterian denomination in the U. S. the denomination had 1,572,660 active members and 20,077 ordained ministers in 9,642 congregations at the end of 2015. This number does not include the members also affiliated. Its membership has been declining over the past several decades, the PC remains the largest Presbyterian denomination in the United States. In 2015, Pew Research estimated that 1% of the U. S population self-identify as PC, in 2012–14, when all members were included, it was reported to have 2.8 million total. The PC is a member of the National Council of Churches, the World Communion of Reformed Churches, the World Council of Churches, denominational offices are located in Louisville, Kentucky. The WCC reports that the PC has a possible number of 1.9 million members. Presbyterians trace their history to the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, from Calvins headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the Reformed movement spread to other parts of Europe. John Knox, a former Roman Catholic Priest from Scotland who studied with Calvin in Geneva, took Calvins teachings back to Scotland, because of this reform movement, the Church of Scotland embraced Reformed theology and presbyterian polity. The Ulster Scots brought their Presbyterian faith with them to Ireland, immigrants from Scotland and Ireland brought Presbyterianism to America as early as 1640, and immigration would remain a large source of growth throughout the colonial era. Another source of growth were a number of New England Puritans who left the Congregational churches because they preferred presbyterian polity. In 1706, seven ministers led by Francis Makemie established the first American presbytery at Philadelphia, the First Great Awakening and the revivalism it generated had a major impact on American Presbyterians. Ministers such as William and Gilbert Tennent, a friend of George Whitefield, emphasized the necessity of a conversion experience. Disagreements over revivalism, itinerant preaching, and educational requirements for clergy led to a known as the Old Side–New Side Controversy that lasted from 1741 to 1758. In the South, the Presbyterians were evangelical dissenters, mostly Scotch-Irish, spangler argues they were more energetic and held frequent services better atuned to the frontier conditions of the colony. Presbyterianism grew in areas where the Anglicans had made little impression. Uneducated whites and blacks were attracted to the worship of the denomination, its emphasis on biblical simplicity. Some local Presbyterian churches, such as Briery in Prince Edward County, the Briery church purchased five slaves in 1766 and raised money for church expenses by hiring them out to local planters
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United Methodist Church
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The United Methodist Church is a mainline Protestant denomination, and a major part of Methodism. In the 19th century, its main predecessor—the Methodist Church—was a leader in Evangelicalism and it was founded in 1968 in Dallas, Texas, United States, by union of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church. The UMC traces its roots back to the movement of John. As such, the theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan. It embraces both liturgical and evangelical elements and it has a connectional polity, a typical feature of a number of Methodist denominations. The United Methodist Church, with at least 12 million members as of 2014, is the largest denomination within the wider Methodist movement of approximately 80 million people across the world. In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination, the largest Protestant church after the Southern Baptist Convention, and the third largest Christian denomination. In 2014, its membership was distributed as follows,7.2 million in the United States. It is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, the movement which would become The United Methodist Church began in the mid-18th century within the Church of England. A small group of students, including John Wesley, Charles Wesley and George Whitefield and they focused on Bible study, methodical study of scripture and living a holy life. Other students mocked them, saying they were the Holy Club, eventually, the so-called Methodists started individual societies or classes for members of the Church of England who wanted to live a more religious life. In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America, hoping to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia, instead, John became vicar of the church in Savannah. His preaching was very legalistic and full of rules. After two years in America, he returned to England dejected and confused, Peter believed a person is saved solely through the grace of God and not by works, and John had many conversations with Peter about this topic. On May 25,1738, after listening to a reading of Martin Luthers preface to Romans, John finally understood that his works could not save him. For the first time in his life, he felt complete peace, in less than two years, the Holy Club disbanded. John Wesley met with a group of clergy, the ministers retained their membership in the Church of England. Though not always emphasized or appreciated in the Anglican churches of their day, their teaching emphasized salvation by Gods grace, three teachings they saw as the foundation of Christian faith were, People are all by nature dead in sin and consequently, children of wrath
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United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
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Religious denomination
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A religious denomination is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity. The term refers to the various Christian denominations and it is also used to describe the four branches of Judaism. Within Islam, it can refer to the branches or sects, as well as their various subdivisions such as sub-sects, schools of jurisprudence, schools of theology, the worlds largest religious denomination is Sunni Islam, followed by Roman Catholicism. A Christian denomination is a term for a distinct religious body identified by traits such as a common name, structure, leadership. Individual bodies, however, may use alternative terms to describe themselves, groups of denominations often sharing broadly similar beliefs, practices, and historical ties are known as branches of Christianity. Jewish religious movements, sometimes called denominations or branches, include different groups which have developed among Jews from ancient times, today, the main division is between the Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative lines, with several smaller movements alongside them. This threefold denominational structure is present in the United States. The movements differ in their views on various issues and these issues include the level of observance, the methodology for interpreting and understanding Jewish law, biblical authorship, textual criticism, and the nature or role of the messiah. Across these movements there are marked differences in liturgy, especially in the language in services are conducted. In Hinduism, the deity or philosophical belief identifies a denomination. The major denominations include Shaivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism and Smartism, historically, Islam was divided into three major sects well known as Sunni, Khawarij and Shī‘ah. Nowadays, Sunnis constitute more than 85% of the overall Muslim population while the Shias are slightly more than 12%, today, many of the Shia sects are extinct. The major surviving Imamah-Muslim Sects are Usulism, Nizari Ismailism, Alevism, on the other hand, new Muslim sects like African American Muslims, Ahmadi Muslims, non-denominational Muslims, Quranist Muslims and Wahhabis were later independently developed. The term multi-denominational may describe an event that includes several religious denominations from sometimes unrelated religious groups. Many civic events include religious portions led by representatives from several denominations to be as inclusive or representational as possible of the expected population or audience. Schools of Buddhism Christian denomination Hindu denominations Islamic denominations Jewish denominations Non-denominational Schism Sociological classifications of religious movements
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Master of Theology
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A Master of Theology is an advanced theological research degree offered by universities, divinity schools, and seminaries. The degree is earned after the Master of Divinity or an equivalent of three years of graduate studies in theology. This degree can range from one or two years of specialized advanced studies in theological research and it may or may not require comprehensive subject exams and a research thesis. The Master of Theology is usually designed as an academic degree with an emphasis on academic research. Often functions as a terminal and/or doctoral level degree, dependent upon ones particular educational route and institution of study
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The Vancouver Sun
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The Vancouver Sun is a daily newspaper first published in the Canadian province of British Columbia on February 12,1912. The paper is published by the Pacific Newspaper Group, a division of Postmedia Network. It is published six days a week, Monday to Saturday, although its staff of reporters has shrunken considerably in recent years, the Sun still has the largest newsroom in Vancouver. The Sun is a newspaper and was not originally related to the Sun Media chain and its tabloid Sun papers in Toronto, Ottawa, Winnipeg, Calgary. However, Sun Media was acquired by Postmedia in 2015, making the Vancouver Sun, when the Sun began operation, it was published at 125 West Pender Street, just around the corner from The Province, its rival at the time. From 1917 until his death in 1936, its publisher was Robert James Cromie, in 1924, the Sun bought the Vancouver World newspaper, which had been in financial difficulty for some time. In March 1937, a fire destroyed the Suns business and editorial offices, the only casualty was the janitor, who suffered minor burns and smoke inhalation. The Sun promptly moved across the street into the World Building, the building was accordingly renamed the Sun Tower. In 1958, the Sun and the Province joined to create the Pacific Press in response to the costs of producing newspapers. First the papers merged their mechanical and financial departments, then both moved into the Pacific Press Building on December 27,1965. Later in 1997 the paper moved to Granville Square, according to a 2010 NADbank survey, the Suns daily Monday-to-Friday readership was 453,500, making it British Columbias second most read newspaper, after The Province. Its six-day average circulation was 171,515 copies a day as of September 30,2010, in May 2009, the newspaper laid off long-time editorial cartoonist Roy Peterson who had been drawing for the paper since 1962. In October 2011, Patricia Graham, the editor in chief, was appointed vice-president, the Vancouver Sun website has more than 30 million page views monthly. In December 2011, after much research on the demographics of the greater Vancouver area, according to an article broadcast on China Now on China Radio International, the key to success was not necessarily to translate its English-language version into Chinese. The Sun features different sections every day
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Regent College
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Not affiliated with a particular religious denomination, Regent College is a transdenominational evangelical protestant institution in its general outlook. The schools stated mission is to cultivate intelligent, vigorous, and joyful commitment to Jesus Christ, His church, about 500 students are enrolled in full- or part-time studies. In any given year, one-third to one-half of students are Canadian, another one-quarter to one-third are American, Chinese students make up a considerable proportion of the latter group, whether from the Mainland, Taiwan, or the Chinese diaspora. Hong Kong is home to more Regent alumni/ae than any city in the world after Vancouver. Regent was established in 1968 to provide theological education to the laity. After the first summer school class, the graduate Diploma of Christian Studies began, affiliation with UBC followed in 1975, and accreditation by the Association of Theological Schools in 1985. The last comprehensive evaluation occurred in 2010, the principals and presidents of the college have been Dr. James M. Houston, Dr. Carl Armerding, Dr. Walter Wright, Jr. and outgoing president Dr. Rod Wilson. Dr. Jeffrey P. Greenman began his term as the president on February 1,2015. Dr. Greenman is the first alumnus of Regent College to become president, Regent initially rented rooms in various buildings at UBC, including St. Andrews Hall and Vancouver School of Theology, and occupyied two fraternity houses on Wesbrook Mall for a time. In 1989, Regent moved into its own new building in the current location at the corner of Wesbrook & University, a subsequent capital campaign finished in 2006, adding the John Richard Allison Library and the Windtower to Regent Colleges architectural distinctiveness. Over 4500 students have graduated from Regent College and, due to the summer programs, after Vancouver, Hong Kong hosts the second greatest number of Regent graduates, with other major pockets in Seattle, Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto, Singapore and London. At present, Regent College employs 17 full-time faculty, notable faculty emeriti include Eugene Peterson, Maxine Hancock, Loren Wilkinson, Gordon T. Smith, Paul Stevens, Gordon Fee, J. I. Packer and Bruce Waltke. Summer school classes are taught by some notable Christian thinkers. Wright, Andrew Walls, Luci Shaw, Richard Mouw, Alister McGrath, for a complete list of current faculty, emeriti, and notable alumni, see List of Regent College alumni and faculty. The John Richard Allison Library is one of the major libraries in Western Canada. It houses the resources of Regent and Carey Theological College and its catalogue is shared with Carey Theological College, Vancouver School of Theology, and St. Regent College Bookstore is one of the premier theological bookstores in Western Canada and it frequently hosts public lectures and booksignings, and has its own publishing program. The Lookout Gallery showcases seven annual exhibitions, including shows by Regent students in the Christianity, the Chapel is the heart of worship and community building at Regent
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James M. Houston
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James ‘Jim’ M Houston is Professor of Spiritual Theology at Regent College, Vancouver, BC, Canada. From 1970–78, he was Principal of the college, and in 1991 he was appointed to the chair and his major areas of interest include the Christian mind, the Trinity, prayer, and Spiritual Formation. He has published articles in books and scholarly journals. Dr. Houston currently resides in Vancouver, in addition to his continuation of writing, Dr. Houston spends a great deal of time mentoring students. Dr. Houston has 4 children,9 grandchildren, and 7 great-grandchildren, Houston, James M, Parker, Michael, A Vision for the Aging Church, Renewing Ministry for and by Seniors. ———, Reese, Randy D, Loane, Robert, Foreword, Deep Mentoring, Guiding Others on Their Leadership Journey, IVP, ———, Myers, Glenn E, Seeking Spiritual Intimacy, Journeying Deeper with Medieval Women of Faith. ———, Willard, Dallas, The Mentored Life, From Individualism to Personhood, ———, Willard, Dallas, The Transforming Friendship, A Guide to Prayer. ———, Waltke, Bruce K, The Psalms as Christian Worship, Letters of Faith Through the Seasons, A Treasury of Great Christians Correspondence,2, David C. Cook Publishing, ISBN 978-1-56292-834-6, ASIN1562928341, Houston, James M, Letters of Faith Through the Seasons, A Treasury of Great Christians Correspondence,1. Dec–May, David C Cook, ISBN 978-1-56292-749-3, Houston, James M, Joyful Exiles, Life in Christ on the Dangerous Edge of Things, Intervarsity Press, ISBN 978-0-8308-3324-5. Baxter, Richard, Houston, James M, ed, watch Your Walk, A Pattern For Personal Growth and Ministry, Victor Classics, Victor Books, ISBN 978-0-7814-4179-7, ASIN 078144179X. Houston, James M, of Avila, Teresa, Life of Prayer, edwards, Jonathan, Houston, James M, ed. Faith Beyond Feelings, discerning the heart of spirituality, Victor Classics, David C Cook. Owen, John, Houston, James M, ed. Triumph Over Temptation, The Challenge To Personal Godliness, Pursuing A Life of Purity, Victor Classics, David C Cook, ISBN 978-0-7814-4172-8, ASIN0781441722. Houston, James M, Pascal, Blaise, Guinness, Os, The Mind on Fire, A Faith for the Skeptical, edwards, Jonathan, Houston, James M, Colson, Charles, eds. Religious Affections, A Christians Character Before God, de Valdés, Juan, Don Benedetto, Houston, James M, ed. The Benefit of Christ, Living Justified Because of Christs Death, Regent College, simeon, Charles, Stott, John RW, Houston, James M, ed. Evangelical Preaching, An Anthology of Sermons. Wilberforce, William, Houston, James M, ed, real Christianity, Discerning True and False Faith, Hatfield, Mark O, intr, Regent College, ISBN 978-1-57383-246-5, ASIN1573832464
21.
Eugene H. Peterson
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Eugene H. Peterson is an American-born clergyman, scholar, author, and poet. He has written thirty books, including Gold Medallion Book Award winner The Message, The Bible in Contemporary Language. Peterson was born in East Stanwood, Washington and grew up in Kalispell, Montana. He earned his B. A. in philosophy from Seattle Pacific University, his S. T. B. from New York Theological Seminary and he also holds several honorary doctoral degrees. In 1962, Peterson was a pastor of Christ Our King Presbyterian Church in Bel Air, Maryland. He was Professor of Spiritual Theology at Regent College in Vancouver, Peterson is probably best known for The Message, The Bible in Contemporary Language. Although The Message has received criticism from some scholars, many people read Petersons translation because they find it accessible. The stated goal of The Message was to make the meaning more understandable and accessible to the modern reader
22.
Acadia Divinity College
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The College is also the Faculty of Theology of Acadia University. The University awards all of the Acadia Divinity College degrees, upon recommendation from the ADC Senate, the graduate degrees are fully accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada. The mission of Acadia Divinity College is to equip Christian leaders for full-time and volunteer ministry in Canada, ADC shares facilities with Acadia University, the colleges library is part of the universitys 800,000 volume Vaughan Memorial Library collection. Also hosted at Acadia University are the Esther Clark Wright Archives, as early as 1830, Baptists in Nova Scotia, Canada established a “department of pious scholars” at Horton Academy in Wolfville for ministerial training. A decade later, Baptist Leaders resolved to establish a Baptist College, the decision to establish Queen’s College, which would become Acadia University, was formally approved by the Nova Scotia Baptist Education Society on November 15,1838. Preparation for ministry was carried on various formats until the School of Theology was put on a more formal footing in 1923. It is not designed to be training for ordained ministries, the Graduate Diploma can be completed part-time through Acadia Divinity College in Metro Halifax or in New Brunswick. It can also be completed part-time or full-time through the campus in Wolfville. Courses taken can be applied toward a Master of Arts or Master of Divinity degree, the Bachelor of Theology is a first degree designed to equip those who are called to leadership roles in the Christian community. The ordination track is designed to meet the ordination requirements of some denominations. Learning is flexible and many courses can be either on campus. The credits earned in the Certificate can be applied toward a Bachelor of Theology degree, students enrolled at Crandall University in Moncton, New Brunswick, have the opportunity of taking a degree from Acadia University concurrent with their Crandall degree. While not designed to prepare students for ordained ministry, this learning experience provides a foundation for those who wish to do further study towards a Master of Divinity degree. Fosters and promotes clinical and theological excellence in the area of Pastoral Care through personal growth, students can complete any bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree or program part-time or full-time at ADC’s main teaching site located on the campus of Acadia University in Wolfville. All courses required for all degrees are offered on a rotating basis over a two- or three-year period in a variety of teaching formats including once weekly, intensive weeks, six to eight introductory bachelor-level and master-level courses are offered annually at various sites throughout Metro Halifax and Truro. Six to eight introductory bachelor-level and master-level courses are offered annually at sites throughout New Brunswick. The lecturers are persons in ministry who focus on the role of the minister as both preacher and pastor, annual lectureship in theology and related subjects. Visiting lecturers are selected by the Faculty of Acadia Divinity College, endowed academic chairs are established to ensure that permanent funding is available to the College to meet the costs of a professors salary in a given discipline
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Ambrose University
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Ambrose University is a private Christian liberal arts university located in Calgary, Alberta. Ambrose University is the product of similar educational journeys begun in the first half of the twentieth century, the Christian and Missionary Alliance established the Canadian Bible Institute in Regina, Saskatchewan in 1941. In 1949, it was recognized by Saskatchewan and renamed Western Canadian Bible Institute and it was renamed again in 1957 as the Canadian Bible College of the Christian and Missionary Alliance and, in the 1960s, became associated with the University of Regina. Canadian Theological College was established in 1970 as a sister school to CBC. Similarly but independently, the Calgary Bible Institute was first established in 1921 in the basement of the Calgary First Church of the Nazarene. In 1927, the relocated to Red Deer, where it became known as Alberta School of Evangelism. In 1940, it was renamed again as Canadian Nazarene College as it began offering theology degrees, in 1960, CNC moved to Winnipeg and was established as the official Canadian university college for the Church of the Nazarene. Dr. Riley Coulter, President of CNC, determined that Manitoba would not accredit institutions of higher education in the liberal arts. CNC thus moved back to its first home, Calgary, in 1995, became a university college in 1999. Dr. George Durance, President of CBC/CTS, came to similar realizations regarding the status of his school in Saskatchewan and, in 2000. In 2003, CBC/CTS officially relocated to join NUC on the campus, received accreditation in 2004. AUC and NUC maintained a relationship and were often referred to as Alliance University College-Nazarene University College. In 2007, Alliance University College and Nazarene University College became an entity, known as Ambrose University College. A new campus opened in west Calgary in November 2008, in 2012 Gordon T. Smith was named president. Ambrose University is an affiliate of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, Ambrose is the official Canadian school of both the Church of the Nazarene and The Christian and Missionary Alliance. It is one of 10 colleges and universities affiliated with the Church of the Nazarene in North America and one of 8 colleges and universities affiliated with The Christian, in terms of its affiliation with the Nazarene church, AUC is the college for the Canada Region. Ambrose University provides undergraduate education and graduate education for pastoral ministry, as well as undergraduate level education in select liberal arts. Their mission is to produce graduates who are consciously and actively Christian in all aspects of life, Ambrose is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada to offer its Seminary degrees
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Atlantic School of Theology
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It is located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and its enrollment is approximately 150 students. Persons of all traditions, or none, are welcome to study at AST. The current President is the Rev. Neale Bennet and the Acting Academic Dean is the Rev. Dr. Robert Fennell, Atlantic School of Theology is a public ecumenical university that serves Christ’s mission by shaping effective and faithful ordained and lay leaders and understanding among communities of faith. Atlantic School of Theology was founded in 1971 and formally incorporated on June 28,1974, Atlantic School of Theology is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada and by the Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission. AST occupies the campus of Pine Hill Divinity Hall situated on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in eastern Canada. The university received its charter to grant degrees in 1974 from the government of Nova Scotia, in 2002, AST and nearby Saint Marys University signed a collaboration agreement. ASTs degree programs include the Master of Divinity - offered on campus or in a blended campus/internet format -, the Master of Arts in Religious Studies and Theology is offered in collaboration with Saint Marys University. The M. A. degree is usually pursued in preparation for doctoral studies, for vocational formation, degree, which is usually pursued in preparation for service to faith communities, may also be undertaken at the Honours level. Both M. Div. and M. A. students may choose to write a thesis, Atlantic School of Theologys ecumenical degree programs also prepare students for chaplaincy in the contexts of health care, universities, prisons, and the military. AST also offers a Graduate Certificate in Theological Studies, an Adult Education Certificate in Theological Studies, a Diploma in Youth Ministry, an expanding number of Continuing Education offerings is part of ASTs non-credit programming. Independent researchers and scholars, the public, area clergy, the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Public Affairs is jointly sponsored by Atlantic School of Theology and Saint Marys University
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Canadian Reformed Theological Seminary
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The Canadian Reformed Theological Seminary is the operating name of the Theological College of the Canadian Reformed Churches. It is the seminary of the Canadian Reformed Churches. Synod Orangeville made the decision to establish a Theological College of the Canadian Reformed Churches on Wednesday, November 20,1968, the College was officially opened in September 1969 in Hamilton, Ontario. The Ontario legislature granted degree-granting authority to the Seminary under the Canadian Reformed Theological College Act,1981 Since 1984, the seminary moved to a new location on the Hamilton escarpment in 1985. In 2010, the name was changed to the Canadian Reformed Theological Seminary. Canadian Reformed Theological Seminary Ontario Student Assistance Program Higher education in Ontario
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Concordia Lutheran Seminary
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Concordia Lutheran Seminary is a Lutheran seminary situated on the north bank of the North Saskatchewan River in Edmonton, the provincial capital of Alberta, Canada. The seminary is located on the campus as Concordia University of Edmonton, the Lutheran Historical Institute. Concordia Lutheran Seminary is legally chartered under the laws of the Province of Alberta, the seminary began its first classes on September 10,1984, in the historic presidents residence of what was then called Concordia College. In 1990 a new building was constructed and in May 1991 the present seminary facility was occupied, on September 2 of the same year it was dedicated. At its 1981 convention the Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod authorized Lutheran Church–Canada, at time a federation of LCMS districts. The Board of Directors of the LCC determined that there was a need for two seminaries, and appointed a Board of Regents for a seminary to be located in Edmonton and that founding board first met in September 1983 and called W. Th. Janzow to be the organizing and founding president, the seminary is legally chartered under the laws of the province of Alberta, and received royal assent to this charter on May 31,1984. The opening service of the first academic year, held at Grace Lutheran Church, Edmonton on September 8,1984, saw the installation of Norman Threinen and Ronald Vahl to the faculty. The first day of classes on September 10,1984, designated as Founders Day, welcomed ten students to campus, six in Year 1, the seminary also took over the supervision of three vicars. One of those vicars, Wolfgang Vieweg, became the first person to receive a diploma from the Seminary. Classes had been held since the founding in a house rented from Concordia College, which had served as a professors home. On September 2,1991 the seminary dedicated its permanent facility at 7040 Ada Boulevard and that weekend also saw the installation of Dr. Steven Harold as the fifth professor. The opening of the new building and faculty expansion brought about several years of stability to the seminary, with the retirement of Dr. Rudnick in December 1992 the seminary called a new president, and L. Dean Hempelmann was inaugurated as the third president in November 1993. Under his leadership and the leadership of Dr. Ronald Vahl as academic dean. Also during the 1997-1998 academic year, the seminary established its Missionary Study Center as evidence of a commitment to the spreading of the Gospel. In August 1998, Dr. Edwin Lehman was installed as the first director of the center, in 2004, the ATS renewed the seminarys Master of Divinity program for ten years. In recent years there have been changes in personnel at the seminary. In May 1999 Dr. Vahl died, and in October 1999 and this led to the call of Dr. Arthur Bacon as the fourth president of the seminary, who was installed in August 2000
27.
Conrad Grebel University College
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Conrad Grebel University College is affiliated with the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. The college is owned by Mennonite Church Eastern Canada and named for early Anabaptist leader Conrad Grebel and its mission statement reads, The mission of Conrad Grebel University College is to seek wisdom, nurture faith, and pursue justice and peace in service to church and society. Conrad Grebel University College was named after Conrad Grebel, a co-founder of the Swiss Brethren movement who is called the Father of Anabaptists, an Act respecting Conrad Grebel University College was assented to June 24,2004. Grebel is located next to the University of Waterloo and offers residence, the facility has residences for 142 students, as well as apartments for an additional 32 students. Conrad Grebel University College runs courses in Arts, English, Fine Arts, History, Mennonite Studies, Music, Peace and Conflict Studies, Philosophy, Religious Studies, Grebel also runs the Graduate Theological Studies program with the University of Waterloo. Conrad Grebel University College is affiliated with the Toronto School of Theology, specialized classes are available from Conrad Grebel, which has an academic focus on Music, Peace and Conflict Studies, Religious Studies, and Mennonite Studies. Courses from Grebel may be taken by any University of Waterloo student, and are taught by Grebel professors at the Grebel college, Conrad Grebel University college places a strong emphasis on community. This is both a reflection of founding Mennonite values and of the size of the college. Because of Grebels small size and emphasis on providing room for upper year students, Conrad Grebel University College is also affiliated with the Inter-Mennonite Childrens Choir
28.
Emmanuel College, Toronto
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Emmanuel College is a theological college of Victoria University at the University of Toronto. Affiliated with the United Church, it is an institution of the Toronto School of Theology. The principal is the Rev. Dr Mark G. Toulouse, Emmanuel College is a member of the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada. Emmanuel College has its origins in Victoria College, a Methodist college founded in 1836, from 1871 it operated a Faculty of Theology training candidates for the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. When the merger in turn to create the United Church of Canada took place in 1925, a number of congregations in the Presbyterian Church in Canada chose to remain a distinct denomination. Knox College, University of Toronto, founded as the Free Church rival to Queens during the Disruption of 1843, however, the Legislative Assembly of Ontario awarded the building to the continuing Presbyterians. The faculty and most students of Knox left to form Union College with the Faculty of Theology at Victoria, shortly renamed Emmanuel College, the new college became affiliated with the University of Toronto as a United Church of Canada seminary in 1925. The Emmanuel College, Toronto main building was designed by architect Henry Sproatt, in 1969 the Toronto School of Theology was created as an independent federation of 7 schools of theology, including the divinity faculties of Emmanuel College. Within its own federation, U of T granted all but theology or divinity degrees, since 1978, by virtue of a change made in its charter, the University of Toronto has granted theology degrees conjointly with Emmanuel College and other TSTs member institutions. Emmanuel College was the scene in which the British band, Tears for Fears filmed the video for their song Head over Heels in the summer of 1985. The Founding of Emmanuel College of Victoria University of the University of Toronto, the University of Toronto, A History University of Toronto Press,2002
