1.
Vanderbilt Stadium
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Vanderbilt Stadium is a football stadium located in Nashville, Tennessee. Completed in 1922 as the first stadium in the South to be used exclusively for college football, Vanderbilt Stadium hosted the Tennessee Oilers and the first Music City Bowl in 1998 and also hosted the Tennessee state high school football championships for many years. Vanderbilt Stadium is the smallest football stadium in the Southeastern Conference, the first facility was named for William Dudley, Dean of the Vanderbilt University Medical School from 1885 until his death in 1914. Dudley was responsible for the formation of the SIAA, the predecessor of the Southern Conference and Southeastern Conference, in 1895, in 1922, after a 74.2 winning percentage during the 18-year tenure of Coach McGugin, the Commodores had outgrown old Dudley Field. The football team played two games on the renamed Curry Field before moving to New Dudley Field in 1922, the new stadium, the first in the South built solely for football, was christened Dudley Field, and its capacity was 20,000. As evidence of Vanderbilts stature at the time, it dwarfed rival Tennessees Shields-Watkins Field, the first game played at Dudley Field was between the home-standing Commodores and the powerful Michigan Wolverines. A goal-line stand by the Commodores preserved a 0-0 tie, the following Friday, nearby Hume-Fogg High School played a game at Dudley. Senior Jimmy Armistead returned the kick for a touchdown, providing the first touchdown ever recorded in the stadium. Armistead would go on to a career at Vanderbilt and was the captain. In 1949, Vanderbilt officials built a press box at Dudley Field. Additional seating was added to the western side of stadium. On September 25,1954, Vanderbilt hosted the No, 10-ranked Baylor Bears in the first night game ever played on the Dudley Field surface. The lights had been installed so that Dudley Field would be able to host the Billy Graham Crusade on campus, in 1960, nearly 7,000 more seats are added to the stadium, with an expansion on the east side of the stadium near Memorial Gym. At a price of $250,000, officials installed what was then a state-of-the-art Astroturf synthetic surface in 1970, over the winter and spring of 1980–81, most of the Dudley Field grandstand was demolished. The 12,088 seats on each sideline—the only vestige of the old stadium—were raised ten feet through the use of 22 hydraulic jacks on each side of the stadium, the new venue was rechristened Vanderbilt Stadium. However, the surface itself is still called Dudley Field. The rebuilt stadium and its Fred Russell Press Box were designed to resemble a United States naval vessel slicing through the water—a nod to Vanderbilts naval themed-mascot, accordingly, the color scheme picked for the exterior of the stadium was battleship gray. The stadiums maximum capacity after the 1980–81 renovation was 41,000, the project cost $10.1 million, and the Commodores celebrated a sold-out dedication by taking a 23–17 comeback win over Maryland on September 12,1981
2.
Nashville, Tennessee
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Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
3.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
4.
Southeastern Conference
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The Southeastern Conference is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the Southern part of the United States. Its fourteen members include the public universities of ten states. The conference is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, the SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I in sports competitions, for football, it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision, formerly known as Division I-A. The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a game for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series. The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey, the conference sponsors team championships in nine mens sports and twelve womens sports. The SEC consists of 14 member institutions located within the borders of 11 contiguous states and these divisional groupings are applied exclusively to football and baseball as well as their scheduling and standings. The other charter members were, The University of the South left the SEC on December 13,1940 and it is currently a member of the Division III Southern Athletic Association. Georgia Institute of Technology left the SEC in 1964, in 1975, it became a founding member of the Metro Conference, one of the predecessors to todays Conference USA. Georgia Tech competed in the Metro Conference in all sports except football, in 1978, Georgia Tech joined another Southern Conference offshoot, the Atlantic Coast Conference, for all sports, where it has remained ever since. Tulane University left the SEC in 1966, along with Georgia Tech, it was a charter member of the Metro Conference. Unlike Tech, however, Tulane remained in the Metro Conference until it merged with the Great Midwest Conference in 1995 to form Conference USA, Tulane remained an independent in football until C-USA began football competition in 1996. Tulane left C-USA in 2014 for the American Athletic Conference, in 1990, the SEC expanded from ten to twelve member universities with the addition of the Arkansas Razorbacks and the South Carolina Gamecocks. The two new members began SEC competition with the 1991–1992 basketball season, at the same time, the SEC organized competition for some sports into two divisions. Initially, the format was used in football, baseball. The divisional format was dropped for mens basketball following the 2011–2012 season, the 1992 and 1993 championship games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, and all championship games from 1994 onward have been held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. On November 6,2011 the SEC commissioner announced that the University of Missouri would also join the SEC on July 1,2012, for football, Texas A&M was scheduled to compete in the Western Division, and Missouri in the Eastern Division. Texas A&M and Missouri both left the Big 12 Conference, the office of Commissioner was created in 1940. Under the leadership of Michael F, the SECU rebranded its mission to better serve as a means through which the collaborative academic endeavors and achievements of Southeastern Conference universities would be promoted and advanced
5.
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
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The Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association was one of the first collegiate athletic conferences in the United States. Twenty-seven of the current Division I FBS football programs were members of this conference at some point, the SIAA was founded on December 21,1894, by Dr. William Dudley, a chemistry professor at Vanderbilt, at the Kimball House in Atlanta. Dudley was a member of the Vanderbilt Athletic Association, formed in 1886 with Dr. W. M. Baskerville as president, most students at Vanderbilt were members. The early sports played on the Vanderbilt campus were baseball, bicycling, Dudley was primarily responsible for the formation of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Sewanees opposition stopped it from occurring, the original members were Alabama, Auburn, Georgia, Johns Hopkins, North Carolina, Sewanee, Vanderbilt, and Virginia. Virginia and North Carolina soon dropped before the inaugural 1895 season, the conference was originally formed for the development and purification of college athletics throughout the South. In 1903, a single-game football playoff occurred, but it seems to have been coordinated more so by the two competing schools than the conference itself, several other efforts over the years by individual schools to hold a conference title game fell through. Most SIAA titles claimed by schools in sports were actually more mythical in nature than officially sanctioned by the league. In 1915, a disagreement arose within the conference regarding the eligibility of freshman athletes, generally, the larger universities opposed the eligibility of freshman players, while the smaller schools favored it. As a result, some of the universities formed the Southern Intercollegiate Conference. At the conferences annual meeting on December 10,1920, the SIAA rejected proposals to ban freshman athletes, in protest, some schools that had voted in favor of the propositions immediately announced they would seek to form a new conference. In 1922, the Southern Conference underwent an expansion and added six more members, all at the expense of the SIAA, Florida, Louisiana State, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt. With the departure of most of the colleges, the SIAA became a de facto small college conference in 1923. In the 1920s and 1930s, the SIAA increased its membership with the addition of additional small universities. The conference eventually disbanded in 1942 with the onset of American involvement in World War II, original charter members are denoted in boldface. Invited charter members are denoted with an asterisk, in the era in which the SIAA operated, teams tended to join in December, therefore, the first year of conference play in a given sport was often the following calendar year. Conference affiliations reflect those for the 2016–17 school year
6.
Southern Conference
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The Southern Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. Southern Conference football teams compete in the Football Championship Subdivision, member institutions are located in the states of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. The Southern Conference ranks as the fifth-oldest major college conference in the United States. Among conferences currently in operation, the Big Ten and Missouri Valley are indisputably older, the Pac-12 Conference did not operate under its current charter until 1959, but claims the history of the Pacific Coast Conference, founded in 1915, as its own. The Southwest Conference was founded in 1914, but ceased operation in 1996 once the Big 12 Conference began play, the Southern Conference is considered one of the stronger football conferences in the Football Championship Subdivision and is considered a mid-major conference in basketball. In 2015, Furman defeated UCF 16–15 and The Citadel topped South Carolina 23–22 for their win over the Gamecocks in the past three meetings. The SoCon also frequently sees multiple teams selected to participate in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship, talks of a new conference for southern athletics had started as early as fall of 1920. The conference was formed on February 25,1921 in Atlanta as fourteen member institutions split from the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, in 1922, six more universities – Florida, LSU, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tulane, and Vanderbilt joined the conference. The first year of competition for the conference was in 1922, the new rules banned freshman play. Later additions included Sewanee, Virginia Military Institute, and Duke, the SoCon is particularly notable for having spawned two other major conferences. In 1932, the 13 schools located south and west of the Appalachians all departed the SoCon to form the Southeastern Conference, in 1953, seven additional schools withdrew from the SoCon to form the Atlantic Coast Conference. The SoCon became the first league to hold a basketball tournament to decide a conference champion. Although first played in 1921, it did not become official until 1922, held at the Municipal Auditorium in Atlanta from February 24 – March 2,1922, the first meeting was won by North Carolina who defeated non-member Mercer in the Finals 40-25. The SoCon Basketball Tournament continues as the nations oldest conference tournament, the next-oldest tournament overall is the SEC Mens Basketball Tournament, founded in 1933, but that event was suspended after its 1952 edition and did not resume until 1979. The all-sports membership changed to 10 schools in 2014 following the departure of Appalachian State, Davidson, Elon, and Georgia Southern, plus the arrival of East Tennessee State, Mercer, the current football membership stands at nine. UNC Greensboro does not sponsor football, while ETSU, which relaunched its previously dormant football program in 2015, on January 9,2014, the SoCon and Atlantic Sun Conference announced a new alliance in lacrosse that took effect with the 2014–15 school year. Under its terms, sponsorship of mens lacrosse shifted from the ASUN to the SoCon, bellarmine, which had announced it would join the ASUN for mens lacrosse for the 2015 season, instead joined the SoCon. The most recent additions to the associate membership came with the start of the 2016–17 school year, Full members Full members Other Conference Other Conference Due to space limitations, one portion of Washington and Lees affiliation history is not indicated in the table
7.
1921 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1921 Vanderbilt Commodores football team was an American football team representing Vanderbilt University during the 1921 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. It was Dan McGugins 17th season as coach, and Wallace Wades first season as assistant coach. Vanderbilt outscored its opponents 161–21 for a record of 7–0–1 and a share of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship, the teams leading scorer was halfback Rupert Smith and its captain was Pink Wade, father of future Vanderbilt star Bill Wade. The Commodores played their games at Dudley Field. The season included the first of a series with the Texas Longhorns at the Texas State Fair. It also featured the first time the Kentucky Wildcats were able to score on the Commodores, Vanderbilt tied the Georgia Bulldogs on an onside kick to win a share of the conference title. Vanderbilt was the undefeated contender, and selector Clyde Berryman retroactively awarded the Commodores a national championship. 1921 was Wallace Wades first year as a assistant coach for the Commodores. Wade had played guard on a Brown Bruins football team represented the East in the 1916 Rose Bowl. Before coming to Vanderbilt Wade coached at the Fitzgerald & Clarke School in Tullahoma, Tennessee, also moving from Fitzgerald & Clarke were Lynn Bomar, Hek Wakefield, Pos Elam, and Red Williams. Other Commodore players debuting on the team included Putty Overall and Rupe Smith, returning veterans included Neely, Frank Godchaux, Doc Kuhn, Tot McCullough, Pink Wade, Alvin Bell, Alf Sharpe, and Percy Conyers. Godchaux was the first player to follow in his fathers footsteps as a Vanderbilt football player, captain Pink Wade, father of future Vanderbilt quarterback Bill Wade, moved from fullback to guard. Tackle Tex Bradford had played for Texas Christian University for two years, after sitting out a year at Vanderbilt, he was eligible to play for the Commodores. According to sportswriter Ferguson Fuzzy Woodruff, While prospects seem fair to middling in most of the big southern colleges, Dan McGugin expects nothing of Vanderbilt this year. Dan has lost Berryhill, his only reliable backfield man, through the matrimonial route, coach Dan McGugin was elected to the Tennessee state senate, beginning his term in 1921. Vanderbilt opened the season at Old Dudley Field against the Middle Tennessee State Normal School of Murfreesboro, Normal was coached by Alfred B. Commodore touchdowns were scored by Tot McCullough, Thomas Ryan, Rupert Smith, Percy Conyers, two extra points were scored by Smith, and one by Bell. During the game, Vanderbilt began using substitutes, the Commodore, Vanderbilts yearbook, reported on the passing game, Practically the only thing of note was the aerial efficiency—Kuhn to Ryan and Kuhn to McCullough
8.
1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1922 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1922 Southern Conference football season. During the season, Dan McGugins 18th as head coach, Vanderbilt compiled a record of 8–0–1, the Commodores defense was unrivaled in the South, leading the nation in giving up just 1.8 points per game, none of them at home. The season was dubbed one of the best in Vanderbilt. It was also the Commodores first year in the newly formed Southern Conference, in which the tied with North Carolina. This was Vanderbilts second consecutive year as leader of its conference, having tied with Georgia, Centre, both Clyde Berryman and James Howell named Vanderbilt as a retroactive national champion for the second consecutive year. The season included a tie with Michigan at the dedication of the new Dudley Field, several Vanderbilt players received post-season honors. Walter Camp selected Lynn Bomar for his All-America team, a rarity for a player in the South, Walter Eckersall and Frank G. Menke also gave Bomar All-America honors. Bomar was a unanimous All-Southern selection, receiving votes at both end and tackle, Camp gave honorable mentions to end and punter Scotty Neill, quarterback Doc Kuhn, and halfback Jess Neely. Bomar and Kuhn also appear on Billy Evans National Honor Roll, Bomar, Neill, Kuhn, Neely was one of Vanderbilts greatest-ever team captains and was also the teams best passer. Neely to Bomar is considered among the best pass-receiver tandems in Vanderbilts history, Vanderbilt entered the first season of the new Southern Conference on March 9. Freshmen were barred from play, and as such the coaches prepared to choose the roster spots from their pool of 23 veteran players, the team included players from Nashville and central Tennessee, including captain Jess Neely, who came from Middle Tennessee State Normal School. Lynn Bomar, who played fullback in 1921, and backup quarterback Alvin Bell were returning for their sophomore campaigns, newcomers included guard Garland Morrow and halfback Gil Reese – who was given particular attention from first-year backfield coach Lewie Hardage. Guard Tuck Kelly was a transfer who had played center for Kentucky. Tom Zerfoss, the new varsity assistant and head coach of the team, had also once transferred from Kentucky to Vanderbilt. The 1922 season included the new try for a point rule, under the try for a point rule, any foul by the defense meant the point was awarded to the offense and any foul by the offense invalidated the try. Centre and Georgia Tech were favorites to repeat as champions of the South, both had lost more players in the offseason than other teams, however. Vanderbilt, along with Auburn, Georgia, and Sewanee, retained enough experienced players to still be considered contenders, nationally, traditional Eastern teams Yale, Harvard, and Princeton, as well as Cornell and Navy were expected to play for the title. Michigan was favored to win the West, after last season, the yearbook noted the Commodores should have a good chance to repeat the splendid record of 21, expecting to lose just captain Pink Wade and Fats Bailey to graduation
9.
Kentucky Wildcats football
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The Kentucky Wildcats football program represents the University of Kentucky in the sport of American football. The Wildcats compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, until about 1913, the modern University of Kentucky was referred to as Kentucky State College and nearby Transylvania University was known as Kentucky University. In 1880, Kentucky University and Centre College played the first intercollegiate game in Kentucky. Kentucky State first fielded a team in 1881, playing three games against rival Kentucky University. The team was revived in 1891, both the inaugural 1881 squad and the revived 1891 squad have unknown coaches according to university records in winning two games and losing three. The 1891 teams colors were blue and light yellow, decided before the Centre–Kentucky game on December 19, a student asked What color blue. And varsity letterman Richard C. Stoll pulled off his necktie and this is still held as the origin of Kentuckys shade of blue. The next year light yellow was dropped and changed to white, the 1892 team was coached by A. M. Miller, and went 2–4–1. The greatest UK team of this era was the 1898 squad, to this day, the Immortals remain the only undefeated, untied, and unscored upon team in UK football history. The Immortals were coached by W. R. Bass and ended the year a perfect 7–0–0, head coach Jack Wright led the team to a 7–1 record in 1903, losing only to rival and southern champion Kentucky University. Fred Schacht posted a 15–4–1 record in two seasons but died unexpectedly after his second season, J. White Guyn also had success leading the Wildcats, posting a 17–7–1 record in his three years. Edwin Sweetland went 16–3 in three seasons but resigned due to poor health, Sweetland also served as Kentuckys first athletics director. The 1909 team upset the Illinois Fighting Illini, upon their welcome home, Philip Carbusier said that they had fought like wildcats, a nickname that stuck. John J. Tigert coached Kentucky for two seasons with each season having one loss, the 1916 team fought the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association co-champion Tennessee Volunteers to a scoreless tie. The years only a loss,45 to 0 to the Irby Curry-led Vanderbilt Commodores, was the dedication of Stoll Field, quarterbacks Curry and Kentuckys Doc Rodes were both selected All-Southern at years end. Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin stated If you would give me Doc Rodes, Coach Harry Gamage had a 32–25–5 record during his seven seasons from 1927 to 1933. A. D. Kirwan, who would go on to be the president of the university, coached the Wildcats from 1938 to 1944, longtime athletics director Bernie Shively also served as Kentuckys head football coach for the 1945 season. Coach Paul Bear Bryant was Kentuckys head football coach for eight seasons, Bear Bryant came to Kentucky from Maryland
10.
Sewanee Tigers football
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The Sewanee Tigers football team represents Sewanee, The University of the South in the sport of American football. The Tigers compete in Division III as members of the Southern Athletic Association, three Sewanee Tigers are members of the College Football Hall of Fame. Henry Seibels, Henry D. Phillips, and Frank Juhan, the Sewanee Tigers were pioneers in American intercollegiate athletics and possessed the Deep Souths preeminent football program in the 1890s. Ellwood Wilson is considered the founder of Sewanee football and their 1899 football team had perhaps the best season in college football history, winning all 12 of their games,11 by shutout, and outscoring their opponents 322-10. Five of those wins, all shutouts, came in a period while on a 2. Ten of their opponents, including all five of their road trip victims. In 2012, the College Football Hall of Fame held a vote of the greatest historic teams of all time, the Tigers were shut out 26 times in their 37 SEC games, and were outscored by a combined total of 1163–84. According to a university historian, Guerry agreed to come to Sewanee only if the school stopped awarding athletic scholarships, in 1940, two years after Guerrys arrival, Sewanee withdrew from the SEC and subsequently deemphasized varsity athletics. Guerrys stance is sometimes credited as a step toward the 1973 creation of NCAA Division III. Yea, Sewanees Right. is the surviving last line of an old football cheer, up with the Church. –Yea, Sewanees Right. The heathen may have been the Methodists of Vanderbilt which would date the cheer in the 1890s, now used as an alternative motto and often shouted at the end of the Alma Mater. When used with the Alma Mater it is preceded by the formula of an extended pause followed by Yea
11.
Spirit of Gold Marching Band
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The Spirit of Gold Marching Band is the collegiate marching band organized by Vanderbilt University. A unique feature of the Spirit of Gold is that membership in the band is open to all students enrolled at Vanderbilt or any students from colleges in the Nashville area. This includes Belmont, Lipscomb, Fisk, Trevecca, and Nashville State, the Spirit of Gold works with the Office of the Dean of Students to coordinate the bands performances at football games. The band has developed many traditions that add to the exciting atmosphere of Southeastern Conference football on game day. For example, the leads a parade through campus before games and provides music for pre-game and in-game spirit. The band plays the fight song, Dynamite, throughout the game as well. The Spirit of Gold prepares a unique show for every home game, performing from variety of musical genres. Recent performances have featured music from Lady Gaga, The Blues Brothers, Tower of Power, the Backstreet Boys, the last halftime performance of the year is traditionally a completely student-run, student-organized show. During the spring semester, a 50-piece pep band is formed for performances at Vanderbilts mens and womens games played in Memorial Gym. The basketball band performs music similar to that which the band performs. The Eta Phi chapter of Tau Beta Sigma serves the Spirit of Gold, the co-ed chapter has a history of being one of the largest chapters in the nation and is the most recent recipient of the Grace and A. Frank Martin Chapter Leadership Award, an award that honors the outstanding chapter in the nation. All members of the Spirit of Gold, regardless of university, are able to seek membership in Eta Phi, the Spirit of Golds Website Renditions of songs played by the band
12.
Nike, Inc.
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The company is headquartered near Beaverton, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. It is one of the worlds largest suppliers of athletic shoes and apparel, as of 2012, it employed more than 44,000 people worldwide. In 2014 the brand alone was valued at $19 billion, making it the most valuable brand among sports businesses. The company was founded on January 25,1964, as Blue Ribbon Sports, by Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight, the company takes its name from Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Nike also owned Bauer Hockey between 1995 and 2008, and previously owned Cole Haan and Umbro, in addition to manufacturing sportswear and equipment, the company operates retail stores under the Niketown name. Nike sponsors many high-profile athletes and sports teams around the world, with the highly recognized trademarks of Just Do It, Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports, was founded by University of Oregon track athlete Phil Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman in January 1964. The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, says Davis, I told Tom Brokaw that I was the first. I dont care all the billionaires say. Bill Bowerman made the first pair of shoes for me, in fact, I didnt like the way they felt on my feet. There was no support and they were too tight, but I saw Bowerman make them from the waffle iron, and they were mine. In 1964, in its first year in business, BRS sold 1,300 pairs of Japanese running shoes grossing $8,000, by 1965 the fledgling company had acquired a full-time employee, and sales had reached $20,000. In 1967, due to increasing sales, BRS expanded retail and distribution operations on the East Coast, in Wellesley. By 1971, the relationship between BRS and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end, BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the Swoosh newly designed by Carolyn Davidson. The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18,1971, patent and Trademark Office on January 22,1974. In 1976, the company hired John Brown and Partners, based in Seattle, the following year, the agency created the first brand ad for Nike, called There is no finish line, in which no Nike product was shown. By 1980, Nike had attained a 50% market share in the U. S. athletic shoe market, together, Nike and Wieden+Kennedy have created many print and television advertisements, and Wieden+Kennedy remains Nikes primary ad agency. Walt Stack was featured in Nikes first Just Do It advertisement, wieden credits the inspiration for the slogan to Lets do it, the last words spoken by Gary Gilmore before he was executed. Throughout the 1980s, Nike expanded its line to encompass many sports
13.
Vanderbilt University
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Vanderbilt University is a private research university founded in 1873 and located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt hoped that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War. Today, Vanderbilt enrolls approximately 12,000 students from all 50 U. S. states and over 90 foreign countries in four undergraduate and six graduate, despite its urban surroundings, the campus itself is a national arboretum and features over 300 different species of trees and shrubs. Vanderbilt is ranked as one of the top universities for its teaching, research opportunities. It is ranked 15th on the list of best national universities generated by U. S. News & World Report, however, lack of funds and the ravaged state of the Reconstruction Era South delayed the opening of the college. Indeed, the McTyeires had met at St. Francis Street Methodist Church in Mobile, Cornelius Vanderbilt, who was the wealthiest man in the United States at the time, was considering philanthropy as he was at an advanced age. He had been planning to establish a university on Staten Island, New York, however, McTyeire convinced him to donate $500,000 to endow Central University in order to contribute to strengthening the ties which should exist between all sections of our common country. The endowment was increased to $1 million and would be only one of two philanthropic causes financially supported by Vanderbilt. Though he never expressed any desire that the university be named after himself, McTyeire, Vanderbilt died in 1877 without seeing the school named after him. One of the trustees, Hezekiah William Foote, was a Confederate veteran. The Treasurer of the Board of Trust from 1872 to 1875, Alexander Little Page Green, whose portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall, was a Methodist preacher and a former slave owner. His son-in-law, Robert A. Young, was a Methodist minister who served as the Financial Secretary on the Board of Trust from 1874 to 1882, retiring from the board in 1902. The first building, Main Building, later known as Kirkland Hall, was designed by William Crawford Smith, in the fall of 1875, about 200 students enrolled at Vanderbilt, and in October the university was dedicated. Bishop McTyeire was named Chairman of the Board of Trust for life by Vanderbilt as a stipulation of his endowment, McTyeire named Landon Garland, his mentor from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia and then-Chancellor of the University of Mississippi, as chancellor. Garland shaped the structure and hired the schools faculty, many of whom were renowned scholars in their respective fields. However, most of this faculty left after disputes with Bishop McTyeire, when the first fraternity chapter, Phi Delta Theta, was established on campus in 1876, it was shut down by the faculty, only to be reestablished as a secret society in 1877. Meanwhile, Old Gym, designed by Dutch-born architect Peter J. Williamson, was built in 1879–1880, by 1883, the Board of Trust passed a resolution allowing fraternities on campus, and more chapters were established in 1884. During the first 40 years, the Board of Trust, and therefore the university, was under the control of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, conflicts escalated after James H. Kirkland was appointed chancellor in 1893
14.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
15.
NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
16.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
17.
Bobby Johnson
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Robert Alan Johnson is a retired American football coach and former player. He was most recently the head coach at Vanderbilt University. In December 2001, Johnson became the Commodores head coach, after leading Furman University to the NCAA Division I-AA national championship game and he coached the Paladins between 1994 and 2001, leading the team to a 60–36 overall record during his eight years. Prior to his hiring at Furman, Johnson was the coordinator for the Clemson Tigers. In 2008, Johnson led Vanderbilt to its first winning season since 1982 and his team went 7–6 with a 16–14 win over Boston College in the Music City Bowl, Vanderbilts first bowl victory since 1955 and only their second in school history at the time. Johnson was a standout in football, basketball, and baseball during his time at Eau Claire High School in his hometown of Columbia. He continued his success in football at college, where he played wide receiver and cornerback for Clemson University. In the 1971 and 1972 seasons, Johnson led the Tigers in interceptions, Johnson was twice named as an ACC All-Academic honoree. He graduated from Clemson in 1973, earning his Bachelor of Science degree in management, on December 23,2001, Johnson was officially announced as the 25th head coach of the Vanderbilt Commodores football team. In Johnsons fourth season, the Commodores finished 5–6, jay Cutler, the teams offensive captain that season, was drafted #11 overall by the Denver Broncos and named as starting quarterback during his rookie season. In the 2006 season, Vanderbilt fell to 4–8 after the loss of Cutler, in addition, Vanderbilt lost games to Ole Miss, Alabama, SEC West champion Arkansas, and eventual national champion Florida. Barnharts 2006 postseason survey of ten former SEC coaches ranked the Vanderbilt job the least attractive in the SEC. Former Ole Miss coach Billy Brewer summarized Johnsons performance, The tough thing about the Vanderbilt job is that you can improve a lot from year to year, for what he has, I think Bobby Johnson does a heck of a coaching job. Johnson again led the Commodores to success in 2007, with SEC conference wins over Mississippi and South Carolina, concluding the season with an uninspired effort versus Wake Forest, Vanderbilt finished 5–7 and one win short of bowl eligibility. Vanderbilt started the 2008 season on a 5–0 run under Coach Johnson, including SEC wins at home against South Carolina and Auburn, Vanderbilts fifth game, an October 4 match up against Auburn, was historic for the Commodores for many reasons. Vanderbilt would go on to defeat Kentucky to get the sixth win, the Commodores lost to Tennessee and Wake Forest to finish the regular season 6–6. On December 10, Johnson was named Southeastern Conference Coach of the Year, along with Houston Nutt, of Ole Miss, on December 31, Vanderbilt defeated Boston College in the Music City Bowl to secure a winning season and their first bowl victory since 1955. On July 14,2010, Johnson announced his retirement from coaching, citing it as a personal decision, the decision was a surprise to the program and the media as it occurred less than two months away from the 2010-11 season
18.
R. G. Acton
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Robert G. Acton was an American football player and coach. He was a guard at Harvard from 1893 to 1895. He also served on Harvards rowing team and he served as the fifth head football coach at Vanderbilt University. Acton coached the Vanderbilt Commodores for three seasons from 1896 to 1898, compiling a record of 10–7–3 and he died of an overdose of morphine in 1900. R. G. Acton at the College Football Data Warehouse
19.
Walter H. Watkins
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Walter Hudson Billy Watkins was an American football coach. He served as the football coach at Auburn University from 1900 to 1901. He also coached the Vanderbilt Commodores for two seasons from 1901 to 1902, compiling a record of 14–2–1, Watkins attended Princeton University where he was a prominent member of the baseball team and first substitute on the football team. He later worked as an attorney, walter H. Watkins at the College Football Data Warehouse
20.
Dan McGugin
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Daniel Earle McGugin was an American football player and coach, as well as a lawyer. He served as the football coach at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee from 1904 to 1917 and again from 1919 to 1934. He is the winningest head coach in the history of the university, McGugin was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1951 as part of its inaugural class. Zipp Newman once wrote “I believe Dan McGugin would have gone down in history as the greatest of all coaches had he given all of his time to coaching. He was a great play-maker, but football was a sport for the beloved McGugin and law was his profession. ”McGugin was born in July 1879 on a farm near Tingley and he was the son of Benjamin Franklin McGugin and Melissa McGugin. He was of Scottish and Irish descent, McGugin saw the baton twirling skills of W. W. Wharton in Tingley for a Sunday evening church service one day in 1896 and was intrigued. Wharton, Drake Universitys first football coach, suggested he play football instead, come to Drake University, Wharton suggested, and well make you as fine a tackle as there is. McGugin enrolled at Drake University and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1901 and he played football at Drake for two years at the guard and tackle positions and was considered one of the best players that Drake ever had. After one victory he purchased a small cannon and fired it at regular fifteen-minute intervals, nodding politely to neighbors Sabbath complaints. After graduating from Drake, McGugin enrolled in law school at the University of Michigan, while there, McGugin played college football for Fielding H. Yost. He was a player on Michigans Point-a-Minute teams that outscored their opponents,1,211 to 12 in 1901 and 1902, as a guard he is careful yet nervy. He gets the jump on his opponents and keeps the advantage, although a hard player he goes into each scrimmage with as much composure as if he were walking along the campus. McGugin, although good in every department of his position, has two qualities that are pre-eminent, namely, making interference and opening holes, heston has been especially fortunate this year in having a good interference, and part of that interference has been McGugin. McGugin was the football coach for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University from 1904 to 1917. During his tenures, the Vanderbilt Commodores compiled a 197–55–19 record, had a.762 winning percentage, and won 11 conference titles. He had numerous intersectional triumphs, defeating the Carlisle Indians in 1906, and tying the Navy Midshipmen in 1907, the Yale Bulldogs in 1910, McGugin used his mentor Yosts short punt formation. In his first career game, McGugins team defeated Mississippi A&M and he went on to win his next two games by 60 points as well. He remains the only coach in NCAA history to win his first three games by 60 points and he also won each of his first 11 games by more than 20 points
21.
Ray Morrison
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J. Ray Morrison was an American football and baseball player and a coach of football, basketball, and baseball. He served as the football coach at Southern Methodist University, Vanderbilt University, Temple University. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954. Morrison was also the basketball coach at Vanderbilt for one season in 1918–19, tallying a mark of 8–2. Ray Morrison was born on February 28,1885 in Sugar Branch, soon after the family moved to McKenzie, Tennessee, where Morrison attended school. He also spent a year at McTyiere School for Boys, to achieve funds for college, Morrison worked on a dredge boat on the Mississippi River for a year. He played football as a prominent halfback and quarterback for Dan McGugins Vanderbilt football teams from 1908 to 1911 and he is considered one of the best quarterbacks in Vanderbilts long history. The team posted a 30–6–2 record during his four years, Morrison was selected as the quarterback and kick returner for an Associated Press Southeast Area All-Time football team 1869-1919 era. He weighed some 155 to 159 pounds, the 1908 squad was hampered by a wealth of sophomores, which McGugin with the help of halfback Morrison led to a 7–2–1 campaign, derailed mostly by losses to Sewanee. The 1910 team fought defending national champion Yale to a tie on Yale Field. Yale coach Ted Coy called Morrison the greatest player I have seen in years, the Atlanta Constitution voted it the best backfield in the South. Morrison won Bachelor of Ugliness for the class of 1912, Morrison first taught and was athletics director at Branham & Hughes Military Academy in Spring Hill. Ray Morrison was the first head coach in the history of SMU Mustangs football and he won just two games in two years from 1915 to 1916. Upon American entry into World War I, Morrison went to Fort Oglethorpe and he coached Vanderbilt in 1918 when McGugin left for the military, and led the Vanderbilt team to a 4–2 record. In 1919, Morrison spent a year at Gulf Coast Military Academy as athletics director, in 1920, Morrison returned to SMU. He notably brought the pass to the southwest during his time at SMU. Morrison was one of the first to not just on first down. Gerald Mann was one of his best passers and his teams earned the nickname the Flying Circus
22.
Henry Russell Sanders
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Henry Russell Red Sanders was an American football player and coach. He was head coach at Vanderbilt University and the University of California at Los Angeles, Sanders 1954 UCLA team was named national champions by the Coaches Poll and the Football Writers Association of America. Sanders was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1996, known for being witty and hard driving, Sanders used the single-wing formation at Vanderbilt and UCLA. He is widely credited with coining the saying, Winning isnt everything, when asked about the UCLA–USC rivalry, Sanders said its not a matter of life and death, its more important than that. He was the first Wizard of Westwood before that title was attributed to UCLA Basketball coach John Wooden, born in Asheville, North Carolina, Sanders spent most of his youth in Nashville, Tennessee. One of his best boyhood friends and classmate at Duncan was renowned sports writer Fred Russell, Sanders attended college at Vanderbilt University in Nashville. He was a four-year letterman both in football and baseball, Sanders was captain of the baseball team in his senior year and a substitute quarterback on the football team. His football coach, Dan McGugin, said of him, Red Sanders has one of the best football minds I have ever known, Sanders was first hired by Josh Cody as the backfield coach of the Clemson Tigers. He got his first head coaching position at Riverside Military Academy, the father of Bucky Curtis hired Sanders for the job. Sanders then assisted the 1938 Florida Gators, again with Cody, and he also had a successful stint as head coach at Vanderbilt, compiling a 36–22–2 record, the best mark by a coach while the school has been a member of the Southeastern Conference. The first top-20 ranking in the history in 1947, where the team was ranked #10 after opening the season with two wins. The team defended its ranking with a defeat of #18 Mississippi, an eight-game winning string to end the 1948 season, including a ranking in the final poll and a defeat of archrival Tennessee. This still stands as the second longest single-season win streak in Vanderbilt football history, Sanders coached the UCLA Bruins from 1949 through 1957. The 1954 Bruins compiled a 9–0 record and climbed to the top of the Coaches Poll, sharing the championship with Ohio State. Due to the PCCs early no repeat rule, the undefeated Bruins were unable to compete in the Rose Bowl that season despite being the PCC champion. Second-place USC, who the Bruins defeated 34–0, played in the 1955 Rose Bowl instead and lost to Big Ten Conference champion and eventual co-national champion Ohio State, 20–7. Sanders appeared as a contestant on the November 18,1954 episode of the quiz program You Bet Your Life, hosted by Groucho Marx. Original air date,1 January 1956, shortly before the 1958 season, Sanders died suddenly of a heart attack in a Los Angeles hotel room on August 14
23.
Bill Edwards (American football coach)
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William Miller Edwards was an American football player and coach. Edwards also coached the Detroit Lions of the National Football League from 1941 to 1942, tallying a 4–9–1 record, raised near Massillon, Ohio, Edwards was the son of an immigrant from Wales who worked in the areas coal mines. He played football at Massillon Washington High School and enrolled at Ohio State University, after college, Edwards began his coaching career at high schools in Ohio. He got his first job as a head coach in 1935 at Western Reserve in Cleveland, Ohio. Edwards was then hired to coach the Lions, but his stay there was unsuccessful. He enlisted in the U. S. Navy later that year, Edwards spent a year selling sporting goods in Cleveland, returning to football in 1947 with the Browns as an assistant to head coach Paul Brown, a close friend and former Massillon schoolmate. After two years as the teams coach, he was hired by Vanderbilt in 1949. He stayed there for four years and amassed a 21–19–2 record, after two years as an assistant coach at the University of North Carolina, Edwards was hired by Wittenberg, his alma mater, as head football coach and athletic director. He spent the rest of his there, serving as head coach until 1968. While at Wittenberg, he was named the college football coach of the year twice. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1986, Edwards, described as a tough but compassionate coach, had an influence on many men he worked with, including Steve Belichick, the father of New England Patriots coach Bill Belichick. Steve Belichick played for Edwards at Western Reserve and with the Lions, Edwards was the godfather of Bill. Edwards grew up in Massillon, Ohio and attended Massillon Washington High School and he was a schoolmate of Paul Brown, who later became the coach of the Cleveland Browns and helped found the Cincinnati Bengals in the National Football League. The son of a Welsh coal miner, Edwards dropped out of school when he was 14 to help his family by working in the mines of East Greenville and he returned three years later, however, and became a star player on Massillons football team. Edwards was a linebacker at Massillon between 1922 and 1924, Edwards enrolled at Ohio State University and was Browns roommate as he captained the Buckeyes freshman football team. After the season, however, he transferred to Wittenberg University in Springfield, at Wittenberg, he played as a center starting in 1928 and was the captain of the football team in 1929 and 1930. A tough player, Edwards did not like to wear a helmet, saying you skin your ears a little without them and he won All-Ohio honors at Wittenberg and was named an honorable mention All-American in 1930. One of Edwardss most memorable games as a collegian came in 1928 against the Ohio Wesleyan Battling Bishops, grantland Rice, a prominent sportswriter of the time, called him the best center in college football
24.
College Football Hall of Fame
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The College Football Hall of Fame is a hall of fame and museum devoted to college football. The National Football Foundation launched the Hall in 1951 to immortalize the players, from 1995 to 2012, the Hall was located in South Bend, Indiana. It was connected to a center and situated in the citys renovated downtown district,2 miles south of the University of Notre Dame campus. In August 2014, the College Football Hall of Fame and Chick-fil-A Fan Experience opened in downtown Atlanta, rutgers donated land near its football stadium, office space, and administrative support. In response, the Foundation moved its operations to New York City, when the New York Attorney Generals office began its own investigation, the foundation moved to Kings Mills, Ohio, where a building finally was constructed adjacent to Kings Island in 1978. The Hall opened with good attendance figures early on, but visitation dwindled dramatically as time went on, nearby Galbreath Field remained open as the home of Moeller High School football until 2003. A new building was opened in South Bend, Indiana on August 25,1995. Despite estimates that the South Bend location would more than 150,000 visitors a year, the Hall of Fame drew about 115,000 people the first year. In 2009, the National Football Foundation decided to move the College Football Hall of Fame to Atlanta, the possibility of moving the museum has been brought up in other cities, including Dallas, which had the financial backing of billionaire T. Boone Pickens. However, the National Football Foundation ultimately decided on Atlanta for the next site, the new $68.5 million museum opened on August 23,2014. It is located next to Centennial Olympic Park, which is near other attractions such as the Georgia Aquarium, the World of Coca-Cola, CNN Center, and the National Center for Civil and Human Rights. The Hall of Fame is located near the Georgia Institute of Technology of the ACC, the new building broke ground on January 28,2013. Sections of the architecture are reminiscent of a football in shape, the facility is 94,256 square feet and contains approximately 50,000 square feet of exhibit and event space, interactive displays and a 45-yard indoor football field. Atlanta Hall Management operates the College Football Hall of Fame, as of 2017, there are 987 players and 214 coaches enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame, representing 306 schools. The National Football Foundation outlines specific criteria that may be used for evaluating a candidate for induction into the Hall of Fame. A player must have received major first team All-America recognition, a player becomes eligible for consideration 10 years after his last year of intercollegiate football played. Football achievements are considered first, but the record as a citizen is also weighed. Players must have played their last year of football within the last 50 years
25.
1892 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1892 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1892 college football season. The teams head coach and team captain was Elliott H. Jones and this was the first year for Vandy and University of Tennessee to play football also the first year to play at Dudley Field. The 1892 team was the oldest in the memory of Grantland Rice and he claimed Phil Connell then would be a good player in any era
26.
Thanksgiving
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Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated in Canada, in the United States, in some of the Caribbean islands and in Liberia. It was originally celebrated as a day of giving thanks for the blessing of the harvest, similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States, although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a secular holiday as well. Prayers of thanks and special thanksgiving ceremonies are common among almost all religions after harvests, the Thanksgiving holidays history in North America is rooted in English traditions dating from the Protestant Reformation. It also has aspects of a harvest festival, even though the harvest in New England occurs well before the date on which the modern Thanksgiving holiday is celebrated. Before 1536 there were 95 Church holidays, plus 52 Sundays, the 1536 reforms reduced the number of Church holidays to 27, but some Puritans wished to completely eliminate all Church holidays, including Christmas and Easter. The holidays were to be replaced by specially called Days of Fasting or Days of Thanksgiving, unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting. Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving, for example, Days of Fasting were called on account of drought in 1611, floods in 1613, and plagues in 1604 and 1622. Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588, an unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and developed into Guy Fawkes Day on November 5. Some researchers state that there is no compelling narrative of the origins of the Canadian Thanksgiving day, the origins of Canadian Thanksgiving are also sometimes traced to the French settlers who came to New France in the 17th century, who celebrated their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest season and continued throughout the winter season, as settlers arrived in Nova Scotia from New England after 1700, late autumn Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country—such as the Irish, Scottish, most of the US aspects of Thanksgiving, were incorporated when United Empire Loyalists began to flee from the United States during the American Revolution and settled in Canada. The 1621 Plymouth feast and thanksgiving was prompted by a good harvest, Pilgrims and Puritans who began emigrating from England in the 1620s and 1630s carried the tradition of Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving with them to New England. In the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God, now called Oktober Feesten, Leidens autumn thanksgiving celebration in 1617 was the occasion for sectarian disturbance that appears to have accelerated the pilgrims plans to emigrate to America. Later in Massachusetts, religious thanksgiving services were declared by civil leaders such as Governor Bradford, the practice of holding an annual harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s. Thanksgiving proclamations were made mostly by church leaders in New England up until 1682, during the revolutionary period, political influences affected the issuance of Thanksgiving proclamations. Various proclamations were made by governors, John Hancock, General George Washington. James Baker maintains, The American holidays true origin was the New England Calvinist Thanksgiving, never coupled with a Sabbath meeting, the Puritan observances were special days set aside during the week for thanksgiving and praise in response to Gods providence
27.
Shades of gray
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Variations of gray or grey include achromatic grayscale shades, which lie exactly between white and black, and nearby colors with low colorfulness. A selection of a number of various colors is shown below. Below is a showing the computer web color grays. An achromatic gray is a color in which the red, green. The web colors gray, gainsboro, light gray, dark gray, a chromatic gray is a gray color in which the red, green, and blue codes are not exactly equal, but are close to each other, which is what makes it a shade of gray. The colors white and black are not usually thought of as shades of gray, since achromatic colors have no hue, the hue code is left blank for achromatic colors. A white visual stimulation will be void of hue and grayness, white is the lightest possible color. Black is the color of objects that do not emit or reflect light in any part of the visible spectrum, black is the darkest possible color. Achromatic grays are colors in which the rgb values are exactly equal, since achromatic grays have no hue, the hue code is indicated with a dash. Achromatic grays are the axis of the sphere, with white at the north pole. The various tones of gray are along the axis of the color sphere from white at the top of the axis to black at the bottom of the axis. At right is displayed the web color gainsboro, gainsboro is a pale tone of gray. There is no evidence the name gainsboro was used as a name before it was included as one of the X11 colors when they were formulated in 1987. At right is displayed the web color light gray, displayed at right is the web color silver. This color is a representation of the color of the metal silver This is supposed to be a color, however. At right is displayed the color gray, or gray in the X11 color names. The coordinates in the X11 were set at 190 to avoid gray being displayed as white on 2-bit grayscale displays, see the chart Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML/CSS and X11. At right is displayed the dark medium gray, or dark gray in the X11 color names
28.
1897 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1897 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represent Vanderbilt University during the 1897 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. Vanderbilt was in its season of playing football, coached by R. G. Acton. The Commodores finished the season without being scored on, Vanderbilt played in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association and won the SIAA Championship, the first claimed in school history. The season opened with a 22–0 defeat of Kentucky University On October 16, the VMI Keydets fell to Vanderbilt 12–0. Vanderbilt rolled up a 50–0 score over Kentucky State, the starting lineup was Boogher, McAlister, Whitemore, Brown, Hassett, Langhorst, Stringfield, Cox, Connell, Dye, Farrell. In the second half of the Georgia–Virginia game in Atlanta, a Georgia fullback named Richard Von Albade Gammon was fatally injured on a play, the Georgia, Georgia Tech and Mercer football teams soon disbanded. The Atlanta Journal ran a headline, “Death Knell of Football, practically ever other Southern team followed in discontinuing its football program. On November 6, the Commodores beat the Tar Heels 31–0, Vanderbilt beat in-state rival Sewanee 10–0. A shocking event occurred in 1897 at the Thanksgiving Day match with Sewanee on the original Dudley Field, the word hell had been used in the line of a popular cheer on campus by Vanderbilt students and spread into events as football. This caused uproar with the university administration and the city of Nashville, both teams commenced to pass the ball around for the purpose of limbering up. Throughout this preliminary the students of both colleges gave their respective yells and sung their songs written for the occasion. There was one given with great frequency by the Vanderbilt students which was very offensive to decent people. It starts off Hippity Huz, Hippity Huz, What in the hell is the matter with us. It had become so popular at Vanderbilt that it was in the minds, phil Connell and captain Howard Boogher dove to recover the ball after the victory. After the Sewanee game, all talk in Nashville was about Vanderbilt being the champions of the South, the other southern university with an outstanding season was the University of Virginia. The Cavaliers were 6–2 with losses to Navy and Pennsylvania, Virginia agreed to come to Nashville for a game on December 7 with a guarantee of $600, plus half of the net receipts. Virginia only 15 players and traveled 26 hours on the train that brought them to Nashville, a crowd of 2,400 watched the game end, 0-0. The Nashville American reported, Unquestionably it was the greatest game ever played in the South, the assaults on the line were terrific, the tackling was brutal, the entire play fierce
29.
1901 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1901 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1901 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The Commodores were coached by Walter H. Watkins in his first year as head coach, going into the season, the team was built around a veteran nucleus of John Edgerton, Walter Simmons, Hughes, Booth, and Davis. The line was light, but made up for with its aggressiveness, starting quarterback Fred Hume weighed just 122 pounds. On opening day, the Commodores defeated Kentucky State 22–0, looking much faster than the visitors, the starting lineup was Williamson, Lawler, Hughes Perry, Crutchfield, Booth, Simmons, Hume, Davis, Kyle, Tigert. In the second week of play, Vanderbilt beat Centre 25–0, the Commodores defeated coach William A. Reynolds Georgia Bulldogs 48–0, avenging the loss by the same score last year to Reynolds Tar Heels. Vanderbilt beat Auburn 41–0, in a game that was extremely disappointing, the Washington University Bears of St. Louis gave the Commodores their only loss of the season, 12–11. Vanderbilt quarterback Fred Hume made a 50-yard gain, setting up John Edgertons touchdown, Washington fought hard and responded with a touchdown drive, with Cassell making the score. Washington made the point, and went up 6–5. Bryan scored another touchdown for Vanderbilt to make the score 11–6 at the half, washingtons Smith scored a touchdown in the second half, and Lehman kicked goal for the win. The starting lineup was McLean, Lawler, Hughes Perry, Crutchfield, Booth, Simmons, Hume, Bryan, John Edgerton scored three touchdowns and John J. Tigert scored another. The starting lineup was McLean, Lawler, Hughes Perry, Crutchfield, Bryan, Simmons, Hume, Tigert, Kyle, coach Billy Suters Sewanee Tigers fought the Commodores to a scoreless tie despite Vanderbilt gaining 367 yards. Twice the Commodores were stopped at the 1-yard line, the 1901 team was likely the best football team in University of Nashville history. Coached by Charley Moran, the team defeated Sewanee 39–6 and mopped up with everything else. The Commodores practiced in secret for ten days in preparation, Vanderbilt faced Nashville on Thanksgiving Day and won 10–0 in front of 4 to 5,000 spectators, using Harvard tactics. After thirty minutes of gameplay, John Edgerton scored a touchdown taking the wind out of the sails of Nashville rooters, a riot broke out downtown the next day. According to the account of the event in the Nashville Banner, the starting lineup was McLean, Lawler, Hughes Perry, Crutchfield, Booth, Simmons, Kyle, Tigert, Davis, Edgerton
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1903 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1903 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1903 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. J. H. Henry, not Neil Snow, coached Vanderbilt for one season in 1903 and his squad finished the season with a 6–1–1 record. The season was marred only by the loss to Cumberland. John J. Tigert and Bob Blake were both Rhodes Scholars, Vanderbilt made an effort to secure the services of coach Neil Snow, who was the University of Nashville coach. Cumberland upset the Commodores 6–0, the first time Cumberland ever scored on Vanderbilt, four minutes after the game started, Waterhouse had the decisive touchdown. M. O. Bridges had his collarbone broken. Blake, Pritchard, Brown, Perry, Patterson, Graham, Bryan, Kyle, D. Blake, Hamilton, Vanderbilt, outweighing Alabama 15 pounds to the man, beat Alabama 30–0, in the first all-time meeting between the schools at Dudley Field. Frank Kyle starred with runs of 35,30,50, Vanderbilt took a 12–0 halftime lead after first half touchdowns were scored first by Ed Hamilton and followed by John J. Tigert. The Commodores then closed the game with three touchdowns in the second scored by Hamilton, Dan Blake and Bob Blake for the 30–0 victory. Tigert converted all five PATs in their victory, Blake, Graham, Brown, Perry, Patterson, Pritchard, G. Jones, Howell, Kyle, Hamilton, Tigert. Jones and John J. Tigert starred as the Tennessee Volunteers were beaten 40–0, Brown, Perry, Patterson, Graham, D. Blake, Kyle, Tigert, Jones, Hamilton. In Mississippi, the Commodores beat Ole Miss 33–0, the Georgia Bulldogs could not check Vanderbilts end runs and were easily beaten 33–0. Vanderbilt tied the Texas Longhorns 5–5, the Washington University Bears were beaten 41–0. Vanderbilt gave rival Sewanee its only loss, 10–5, the first team to score on the Tigers. Sewanee was crippled in the first half by the loss of Stewart and he tried to play through it, but had to be helped off the field. John J. Tigert, later a prominent educator, got Vanderbilts first touchdown, Sewanee tied the score with a touchdown in the second half. Later, Vanderbilt had the ball at the 4-yard line third down, as great a stand of a football elevve was that of Sewaee before Vanderbilts winning touchdown was made. On third down from the 1-yard line the center Perry fell on a fumble, Sewanee protested that the runner was down, but Vanderbilt was awarded the touchdown
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1904 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1904 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1904 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The teams head coach was Dan McGugin, who served his first season in that capacity, members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the Commodores played six home games in Nashville, Tennessee and finished the season with a record of 9–0. The 1904 Vanderbilt team scored an average of 52.7 points per game, the most in college football that season, the team had a strong claim to the Southern championship, as the elevens of Georgetown and Virginia played few southern schools. The Commodores hired former Michigan guard Dan McGugin, a protege, like Yost, McGugin utilized a short punt formation. Sportswriter Fuzzy Woodruff once wrote The plain facts of the business are that McGugin stood out in the South like Gulliver among the sons of Lilliput. There was no foeman worthy of the McGugin steel. ”Vanderbilt alumnus Myles P. OConnor wrote of Dan Blake, who played left half for Vanderbilt,04, being taken from left end, which position he played in 03. End is his position, he is heavy, weighing about 170, is fast, a tackler, advances the ball well. In his first career game, McGugins team defeated Mississippi A&M and he went on to win his next two games by 60 points as well. He remains the only coach in NCAA history to win his first three games by 60 points, in the second week of play, Georgetown of Kentucky was defeated 66–0. Both sides had players removed for roughness, the whole South read that 69–0 score and gasped. The starting lineup was D. Blake, Taylor, Sibley, Stone, Brown, Graham, the Commodores beat the Missouri Mines 29–4. All scoring was done in the first half, the Missouri school once got the ball on Vanderbilts 8-yard line. Unable to go any further, Wilson dropped back and made an 18-yard drop kick, Brown, Taylor, Pritchard, Stone, Sibley, Graham, Costen, Kyle, Blake, Craig, Hamilton. The first score came on Vanderbilts kickoff to Centre, Dan Blake recovered the ball for a touchdown. Brown, Graham, Hamilton, Haygood, Blake, Craig, the Commodores defeated the rival Vols 22–0. Ed Hamilton and Manier alternated against Jones Beene, easily taking care of him, Brown, Graham, Hamilton, Haygood, Blake, Craig, Manier. Vanderbilt defeated the Nashville Garnet and Blue 81–0, capt Biddle of the Nashville team said We were outclassed too far in weight, besides were not as aggressive as Vanderbilt. Their line bucking was not to be denied, and after they had thrown their weight on our line, it weakened, Brown, Graham, Hamilton, Haygood, Blake, Craig, Manier
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1905 Vanderbilt Commodores football team
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The 1905 Vanderbilt Commodores football team represented Vanderbilt University during the 1905 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season. The teams head coach was Dan McGugin, who served his second season in that capacity, Vanderbilt played seven home games and won them all including six shutout victories. Their only loss came on the road to McGugins old team, Michigan, from 1903 to 1905 Vandy won 13 consecutive games and was 22–2–1 in those three seasons. They finish the 1905 season with a 17-game home win streak, the streak reached 26 games before Michigan stopped them on November 2,1907. The team was captained by Innis Brown, later a prominent sportswriter, the season opened with a big win, 97–0 over the Maryville Scots. Coach McGugin said The boys went at it hammer and tongs, Blake, Taylor, Stone, Patterson, Brown, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. Alabama was no match for Vanderbilt, losing 34–0, honus Craig was the star of the game. Quarterback Frank Kyle was severely injured, knocked unconscious and taken to the hospital, the starting lineup was Brown, Taylor, Stone, Patterson, Sherrell, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. In the fifth game of the season, Vanderbilt suffered its first loss under coach McGugin, to his mentor and brother in law Fielding H. Yost, tom Hammond, Joe Curtis, and John Garrels scored Michigans three touchdowns. The longest was by Hammond, of 20 yards, Vanderbilt did not make a single first down. The starting lineup was Hamilton, Pritchard, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Taylor, Blake, Kyle, Craig, D. Blake, Manier. Vanderbilt beat the rival Tennessee Volunteers by a score of 45–0, the Vols were coached by fellow Michigan alum James DePree. Coach McGugin remarked, Depree was a valuable man to Michigan athletics and has lots of friends there who are watching his work. Sam Y. Parker sat out the game with injury, Dan Blake made the first three touchdowns. The starting lineup was Brown, Taylor, McLain, Patterson, Sherrell, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, the Commodores defeated the Texas Longhorns, seen as the strongest of the other contenders for the SIAA, by a score of 33–0. Honus Craig, whom no one has ever yet stopped, played probably the greatest game ever put up by a Commodore, Blake, Taylor, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Pritchard, Hamilton, Kyle, D. Blake, Craig, Manier. The Commodores dominated the Auburn Tigers 54–0, playing the game in their territory. Last season, Auburn and Vanderbilt disputed the SIAA title, Blake, Taylor, Brown, Patterson, Stone, Pritchard, Hamilton, Haygood, D. Blake, Craig, Manier
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