1.
Vanessa Bell Calloway
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Vanessa Bell Calloway is an American actress and dancer. Beginning her career as a dancer, Bell Calloway is perhaps best known for her role as Princess Imani Izzi in the 1988 comedy Coming to America. In the following years, Bell Calloway appeared in Whats Love Got to Do with It, The Inkwell, Crimson Tide, Bell Calloway had several starring roles on television series and movies, include first African American prime time soap opera, Under One Roof. In recent years, she had the roles on Hawthorne. In 2016, she appeared in comedy-drama film Southside with You, Bell Calloway is an eight-time NAACP Image Award nominee. Bell was born in Toledo, Ohio and she received a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Ohio University, where she was a member of the African-American Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. Calloway also studied dance with Alvin Ailey, George Faison, Calloway began her career as a dancer in Michael Bennetts original Broadway production of Dreamgirls. It was during time period that Calloway directed the music video Angel Man for soul singer Rhetta Hughes. She also was in the ensemble of the short-lived musical Bring Back Birdie, Bell Calloway began her acting career in the ABC daytime soap opera, All My Children in 1985. After moving to Los Angeles in 1986, she began appearing in episodes of prime time such as The Colbys, Falcon Crest,227, China Beach, A Different World. She made her debut on Number One with a Bullet. In 1990, Bell Calloway co-starred alongside Joe Morton in the ABC drama series and she also voiced main role in the 1992 animated comedy, Bébés Kids. Bell Calloway also had number of leading and supporting roles in the made for television movies. In 1995, she co-starred opposite James Earl Jones and Joe Morton in the short-lived CBS prime time soap opera, Under One Roof, for her role on the series, Calloway was nominated for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series. She also had the roles on the short-leved NBC sitcom Rhythm & Blues. In 2000s, Bell Calloway had the roles on Boston Public. She co-starred in films including The Brothers, All About You, Dawg, Biker Boyz, Love Dont Cost a Thing, and Cheaper by the Dozen. Bell Calloway also guest starred on The Division, Strong Medicine, The Closer, CSI, Crime Scene Investigation, Dexter, Rizzoli & Isles, from 2010 to 2011, she had the recurring role in the TNT medical drama, Hawthorne
2.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
3.
Charleston Farmhouse
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Charleston, in East Sussex is a property associated with the Bloomsbury group, that is open to the public. It was the home of Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant and is an example of their decorative style within a domestic context. Vanessa Bell wrote of this time, It will be an odd life and it ought to be a good one for painting. Charleston hosts a number of events throughout the year, most notably the Charleston Festival which is centred on talks and drama relating to literary, artistic. The house is located in the village of Firle, in the Lewes District of East Sussex, over the following half century Charleston became the country meeting place for the group of artists, writers and intellectuals known as Bloomsbury. Garnett, Clive Bell and Maynard Keynes lived at Charleston for considerable periods, Virginia and Leonard Woolf, E. M. Forster, Lytton Strachey, inspired by Italian fresco painting and the Post-Impressionists, the artists decorated the walls, doors and furniture at Charleston. The walled garden was redesigned in a reminiscent of southern Europe, with mosaics, box hedges, gravel pathways and ponds. Its most lovely, very solid and simple, with, perfectly flat windows and wonderful tiled roofs. The pond is most beautiful, with a willow at one side and a stone or flint wall edging it all round the part. The collection includes work by Auguste Renoir, Picasso, Derain, Matthew Smith, Sickert, Stephen Tomlin, charlestons walled garden was created by Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant to designs by Roger Fry. In the 1920s a grid of gravel paths gave structure to beds of plants chosen by Grant and Bell for their intense colour and these became the subject of many still lives over their long residence at Charleston. Dora Carrington wrote of the garden, Never, never have I seen quite such a wonderful place, what excellent things there will be to paint in that garden with the pond and buildings. Part of the sense of luxuriance and surprise comes from the variety of sculpture it contains. Classical forms sit side by side with life-size works by Quentin Bell, mosaic pavements, the orchard offers shade from the sun and the pond a focus for tranquil contemplation. Above all this was a garden for playing and painting. As Vanessa Bell wrote in 1936, “The house seems full of people in very high spirits. Lying about in the garden which is simply a dithering blaze of flowers and butterflies and apples. ”The Charleston Trust is a charity set up in 1980 to restore and maintain the home of the Bloomsbury Group artists for the benefit of the public. The unique collection at Charleston is illustrative of the art and lifestyle of the influential Bloomsbury Group and has been on show to the public since 1986, Charleston attracts visitors from the local community as well as the rest of the UK and abroad
4.
Sussex
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Sussex, from the Old English Sūþsēaxe, is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. Brighton and Hove was created as an authority in 1997. Until then, Chichester was Sussexs only city, Sussex has three main geographic sub-regions, each oriented approximately east to west. In the south-west is the fertile and densely populated coastal plain, North of this are the rolling chalk hills of the South Downs, beyond which is the well-wooded Sussex Weald. The name derives from the Kingdom of Sussex, which was founded, according to legend, in 825, it was absorbed into the kingdom of Wessex and subsequently into the kingdom of England. It was the home of some of Europes earliest hominids, whose remains have been found at Boxgrove, in 1974, the Lord-Lieutenant of Sussex was replaced with one each for East and West Sussex, which became separate ceremonial counties. Sussex continues to be recognised as a territory and cultural region. It has had a police force since 1968 and its name is in common use in the media. In 2007, Sussex Day was created to celebrate the rich culture. Based on the emblem of Sussex, a blue shield with six gold martlets. In 2013, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government Eric Pickles formally recognised and acknowledged the existence of Englands 39 historic counties. The name Sussex is derived from the Middle English Suth-sæxe, which is in turn derived from the Old English Suth-Seaxe which means of the South Saxons, the South Saxons were a Germanic tribe that settled in the region from the North German Plain during the 5th and 6th centuries. The earliest known usage of the term South Saxons is in a charter of 689 which names them and their king, Noðhelm. The monastic chronicler who wrote up the entry classifying the invasion seems to have got his dates wrong, the New Latin word Suthsexia was used for Sussex by Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu in his 1645 map. Three United States counties, and a former division of Western Australia, are named after Sussex. The flag of Sussex consists of six gold martlets, or heraldic swallows, on a background, blazoned as Azure. Officially recognised by the Flag Institute on 20 May 2011, its design is based on the shield of Sussex. The first known recording of this emblem being used to represent the county was in 1611 when cartographer John Speed deployed it to represent the Kingdom of the South Saxons
5.
King's College London
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Kings College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London. Kings was established in 1829 by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington, in 1836, Kings became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. It is a member of organisations such as the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association. Kings has five campuses, its main campus on the Strand in central London. In 2015/16, Kings had an income of £738.4 million, of which £193.2 million was from research grants and contracts and as of 2014/15. It has the fifth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, and its academic activities are organised into nine faculties which are subdivided into numerous departments, centres and research divisions. Kings is home to six Medical Research Council centres and is a member of the Kings Health Partners academic health sciences centre, Francis Crick Institute. Kings College London, so named to indicate the patronage of King George IV, was founded in 1829 in response to the controversy surrounding the founding of London University in 1826. The need for such an institution was a result of the religious and social nature of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which then educated solely the sons of wealthy Anglicans. The secular nature of London University was disapproved by The Establishment, indeed, thus, the creation of a rival institution represented a Tory response to reassert the educational values of The Establishment. Winchilsea and about 150 other contributors withdrew their support of Kings College London in response to Wellingtons support of Catholic emancipation. In a letter to Wellington he accused the Duke to have in mind insidious designs for the infringement of our liberty, the letter provoked a furious exchange of correspondence and Wellington accused Winchilsea of imputing him with disgraceful and criminal motives in setting up Kings College London. The result was a duel in Battersea Fields on 21 March 1829, Winchilsea did not fire, a plan he and his second almost certainly decided upon before the duel, Wellington took aim and fired wide to the right. Accounts differ as to whether Wellington missed on purpose, Wellington, noted for his poor aim, claimed he did, other reports more sympathetic to Winchilsea claimed he had aimed to kill. Honour was saved and Winchilsea wrote Wellington an apology, duel Day is still celebrated on the first Thursday after 21 March every year, marked by various events throughout Kings, including reenactments. Kings opened in October 1831 with the cleric William Otter appointed as first principal, despite the attempts to make Kings Anglican-only, the initial prospectus permitted, nonconformists of all sorts to enter the college freely. William Howley, the governors and the professors, except the linguists, had to be members of the Church of England but the students did not, though attendance at chapel was compulsory. Kings was divided into a department and a junior department, also known as Kings College School
6.
Clive Bell
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Arthur Clive Heward Bell was an English art critic, associated with formalism and the Bloomsbury Group. Bell died, aged 83, in London, Bell was born in East Shefford, Berkshire, in 1881, the third of four children of William Heward Bell and Hannah Taylor Cory. He had a brother, an elder sister, and a younger sister. They lived at Cleeve House in Seend, near Devizes, Wiltshire and he was educated at Marlborough and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history. In 1902 he received an Earl of Derby scholarship to study in Paris, upon his return to England, he moved to London, where he met and married artist Vanessa Stephen, sister of Virginia Woolf, early in 1907. By World War I their marriage was over, Vanessa had begun a lifelong relationship with Duncan Grant and Clive had a number of liaisons with other women such as Mary Hutchinson. However, Clive and Vanessa never officially separated or divorced, not only did they keep visiting each other regularly, they also sometimes spent holidays together and paid family visits to Clives parents. Clive lived in London but often spent long stretches of time at the farmhouse of Charleston and he fully supported her wish to have a child by Duncan and allowed this daughter, Angelica, to bear his surname. Clive and Vanessa had two sons, who became writers. Julian joined the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War as an ambulance driver and he was killed in 1937 by an enemy shell, aged 29. Vanessas daughter by Duncan, Angelica Garnett, was raised as Clives daughter until she married and she was informed, by her mother Vanessa, just prior to her marriage and shortly after her brother Julians death, that in fact Duncan Grant was her biological father. According to historian Stanley Rosenbaum, Bell may, indeed, be the least liked member of Bloomsbury, Bell has been found wanting by biographers and critics of the Group – as a husband, a father, and especially a brother-in-law. It is undeniable that he was a snob, hedonist, and womaniser, a racist and an anti-Semite. Bells reputation has led to his being underestimated in the history of Bloomsbury, soon after Bell met Roger Fry, he developed his art theory called significant form. Bell and Fry shared a passion for contemporary French art, Bells book Art was where his theory was first published. Bell describes this theory as lines and colours combined in a way, certain forms, and relations of forms. This form can be seen in art created by members of the Bloomsbury Group. In his 1938 pamphlet War Mongers, he opposed any attempt by Britain to use military force, however, by 1940 Bell was a supporter of the British war effort, calling for a ceaseless war against Hitler
7.
Julian Bell
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Julian Heward Bell was a British poet, and the son of Clive and Vanessa Bell. The writer Quentin Bell was his brother and the writer and painter Angelica Garnett was his half-sister. His relationship with his mother is explored in Susan Sellers novel Vanessa, born in the St Pancras district of London, he was brought up mainly at Charleston, Sussex. He was educated at Leighton Park School and Kings College, Cambridge and he was a friend of some of the Cambridge Five, and sometimes claimed as Anthony Blunts lover. After graduating he worked towards a college fellowship, without success, in 1935 he went to China, to a position teaching English at Wuhan University. After a 2002 ruling by a Chinese court, that the book was defamation of the dead, the author rewrote the book, Bell was initially a pacifist and edited an anthology of memoirs of conscientious objectors from the First World War, We Did Not Fight. In 1937, Bell became increasingly supportive of the socialist and anti-fascist movements and his parents and his aunt Virginia tried to dissuade him, eventually they persuaded Julian to get a job as an ambulance driver on the Republican side, rather than a soldier. After just a month in Spain he was killed in the battle of Brunete and he was hit by bomb fragments whilst driving an ambulance. Quentin Bells son, Julians nephew, is also named Julian Bell and he is the author of Mirror of the World, A New History of Art. Mémoires de Duncan Grant, A Bohemian Rhapsody by Christian Soleil, Monpetitéditeur, le Neveu de Virginia Woolf, entretien avec Julian Bell by Christian Soleil, Publibook, Paris. Life in Squares portrayed by Finn Jones
8.
Quentin Bell
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Quentin Claudian Stephen Bell was an English art historian and author. Bell was the son of Clive Bell and Vanessa Bell, and he was educated in London and at the Quaker Leighton Park School. He sometimes worked as an artist - principally in ceramics - but for his career he was drawn to academia and he also wrote several books on the Bloomsbury Group and Charleston Farmhouse. In 1964 he was appointed Slade Professor of Fine Art at Oxford University and, in 1965, Bell was a Professor of Art History and Theory at the University of Sussex from 1967 to 1975. He was married to Olivier Bell and his older brother was the poet Julian Heward Bell who died in the Spanish Civil War in 1937, aged 29. The writer and artist Angelica Garnett was his half-sister, quentin Bell is buried in the churchyard of St. Peters Church, West Firle, East Sussex
9.
Leslie Stephen
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Sir Leslie Stephen KCB was an English author, critic, historian, biographer, and mountaineer, and father of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell. Stephen was born at Kensington Gore in London, and son of Sir James Stephen and his father was Colonial Undersecretary of State and a noted abolitionist. He was the fourth of five children, his siblings including James Fitzjames Stephen and his family had belonged to the Clapham Sect, the early 19th century group of mainly evangelical Christian social reformers. At his fathers house he saw a deal of the Macaulays, James Spedding, Sir Henry Taylor. He recounted some of his experiences in a chapter in his Life of Fawcett as well as in less formal Sketches from Cambridge. These sketches were reprinted from the Pall Mall Gazette, to the proprietor of which, George Murray Smith, the family connections included that of William Makepeace Thackeray. His brother, Fitzjames had been a friend of Thackerays and assisted in the disposition of his estate when he died in 1863 and his sister Caroline met Thackerays daughters, Anny and Minny when they were mutual guests of Julia Margaret Cameron. This led to an invitation to visit from Leslie Stephens mother, Lady Stephen and they also met at George Murray Smiths house at Hampstead. Minny and Leslie became engaged on December 4,1866 and married on June 19,1867. After the wedding they travelled to the Swiss Alps and northern Italy, and on return to England lived at the Thackeray sisters home at 16 Onslow Gardens with Anny, in the spring of 1868 Minny miscarried but recovered sufficiently for the couple to tour the eastern United States. Minny miscarried again in 1869, but became pregnant again in 1870 and on December 7 gave birth to their daughter, Laura was premature, weighing three pounds. In March 1873 Thackeray and the Stephens moved to 8 Southwell Gardens, the couple travelled extensively, and by 1875 Minny was pregnant again, but this time was in poor health. On November 27 she developed convulsions, and died the day of eclampsia. After Minnys death, Leslie Stephen continued to live with Anny, Leslie Stephen and his daughter were also cared for by his sister, the writer Caroline Emelia Stephen, although Leslie described her as Silly Milly and her books as little works. Meanwhile, Anny was falling in love with her younger cousin Richmond Ritchie, Ritchie became a constant visitor and they became engaged in May 1877, and were married on August 2. At the same time Leslie Stephen was seeing more and more of Julia Duckworth and his second marriage was to Julia Prinsep Duckworth. Julia had been born in India and after returning to England she became a model for Pre-Raphaelite painters such as Edward Burne-Jones, in 1867 she had married Herbert Duckworth by whom she had three children prior to his death in 1870. Leslie Stephen and Julia Duckworth were married on March 26,1878 and they had four children, Vanessa married Clive Bell Thoby Virginia married Leonard Woolf Adrian In May 1895, Julia died of influenza, leaving her husband with four young children aged 11 to 15
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