1.
Order of the British Empire
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There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
2.
Greenwich
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Greenwich is an early-established district of todays London, England, centred 5.5 miles east south-east of Charing Cross. The town lends its name to the Royal Borough of Greenwich, Greenwich is generally described as being part of South-east London and sometimes as being part of East London. Greenwich is notable for its history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian. The town became the site of a palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor. These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation. The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public, other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance. The town became a resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there, such as Vanbrugh Castle established on Maze Hill. From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre, Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created. The place-name Greenwich is first attested in a Saxon charter of 918 and it is recorded as Grenewic in 964, and as Grenawic in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 1013. It is Grenviz in the Domesday Book of 1086, and Grenewych in the Taxatio Ecclesiastica of 1291, the name means green wic or settlement. An article in The Times of 13 October 1967 stated, East Greenwich, gateway to the Blackwall Tunnel, remains solidly working class, the manpower for one eighth of Londons heavy industry. West Greenwich is a hybrid, the spirit of Nelson, the Cutty Sark, the Maritime Museum, an industrial waterfront and a number of elegant houses, ripe for development. Royal charters granted to English colonists in North America, often used the name of the manor of East Greenwich for describing the tenure as that of free socage, New England charters provided that the grantees should hold their lands as of his Majesty’s manor of East Greenwich. Grants named the castle of Windsor, places in North America that have taken the name East Greenwich include a township in Gloucester County, New Jersey, a hamlet in Washington County, New York, and a town in Kent County, Rhode Island. Tumuli to the south-west of Flamsteed House, in Greenwich Park, are thought to be early Bronze Age barrows re-used by the Saxons in the 6th century as burial grounds, to the east between the Vanbrugh and Maze Hill Gates is the site of a Roman villa or temple. A small area of red paving tesserae protected by railings marks the spot and it was excavated in 1902 and 300 coins were found dating from the emperors Claudius and Honorius to the 5th century. This was excavated by the Channel 4 television programme Time Team in 1999, broadcast in 2000, the Roman road from London to Dover, Watling Street crossed the high ground to the south of Greenwich, through Blackheath
3.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
4.
Tony Richardson
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Cecil Antonio Tony Richardson was an English theatre and film director and producer whose career spanned five decades. In 1964 he won the Academy Award for Best Director for the film Tom Jones, Richardson was born in Shipley, West Riding of Yorkshire in 1928, the son of Elsie Evans and Clarence Albert Richardson, a chemist. Those he cast in his student productions included Shirley Williams, John Schlesinger, Richardson was married to actress Vanessa Redgrave from 1962 to 1967. The couple had two daughters, Natasha and Joely Richardson, both actresses and he left Redgrave for actress Jeanne Moreau, although the marriage he had anticipated never materialised. In 1972 he also had a relationship with Grizelda Grimond, who was a secretary for Richardsons business partner Oscar Lewenstein, Grizelda gave birth to his daughter, Katharine Grimond, on 8 January 1973. Richardson was bisexual, but never acknowledged it publicly until after he contracted HIV and he died of complications from AIDS in 1991. In 1955, in his debut, Richardson produced Jean Giraudouxs The Apollo of Bellac for Television with Denholm Elliott. Around the same time he began to be active in Britains Free Cinema movement, part of the British New Wave of directors, he was involved in the formation of the English Stage Company, along with his close friend George Goetschius and George Devine. He directed John Osbornes play Look Back in Anger at the Royal Court Theatre, then in 1957 he directed Laurence Olivier as Archie Rice in Osbornes next play The Entertainer, again for the Royal Court. In 1964 Richardson received two Academy Awards for Tom Jones and his next film was The Loved One, during which he worked with established stars including John Gielgud, Rod Steiger and Robert Morse working in Hollywood both on location and on the sound stage. In his autobiography he confesses that he did not share the general admiration of Haskell Wexler and his musical composers included Antoine Duhamel, John Addison and Shel Silverstein. His screenwriters were Jean Genet, Christopher Isherwood, Terry Southern, Marguerite Duras, Edward Bond, Richardson and Osborne eventually fell out during production of the film Charge of the Light Brigade. The basic issue was Osbornes unwillingness to go through the rewrite process, Richardson himself had a different version. In his autobiography he writes that Osborne was angry at being replaced, in a small rôle, Osborne took literary revenge by creating a fictionalised and pseudonymous Richardson – a domineering and arrogant character whom everyone hated – in his play Hotel in Amsterdam. Stylistically, Richardsons work was highly varied, mademoiselle was shot noir-style on location in rural France with a static camera, monochrome film stock and no music. The Charge of the Light Brigade was part epic and part animated feature, ned Kelly was what might be called an Aussie-western. Laughter in the Dark and A Delicate Balance were psycho-dramas, joseph Andrews was a return to the mood of Tom Jones. He financed the escape from Wormwood Scrubs prison of the spy, in 1974 he went to Los Angeles to work on a script with Sam Shepard, and took up residence there
5.
Franco Nero
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Francesco Clemente Giuseppe Sparanero, better known by his stage name Franco Nero, is an Italian actor. He is best known for his role as the title character in Sergio Corbuccis Spaghetti Western film Django. Since then, he has performed leading and supporting roles in a variety of films, including The Bible. In 2012, Nero made a appearance in Quentin Tarantinos Django Unchained. Nero is known for his ties to the Redgrave family, and has had a relationship with Vanessa. Francesco Clemente Giuseppe Sparanero was born in San Prospero Parmense, the son of an officer in the Carabinieri. He grew up in Bedonia and in Milan and he studied briefly at the Economy and Trade faculty of the local university, before leaving to study at the Piccolo Teatro di Milano. Neros first film role was a part in Pelle viva. In 1966 from Django he went on to appear in eight films released that year including Texas, Adios. In 1967, he appeared in Camelot as Lancelot, where he met his longtime romantic partner, following this he appeared in the mafia film Il giorno della civetta opposite Claudia Cardinale released in 1968. He has appeared in over 150 films, and has written, produced and starred in one, more recently, he starred in Hungarian director Koltay Gábors Honfoglalás in 1996, in Li chiamarono. Briganti. by Pasquale Squitieri and subsequently in Koltays Sacra Corona in 2001, in 2009 he played an eccentric author called Mario Puzzo in Mord ist mein Geschäft, Liebling. In 2010, Nero appeared in the film Letters to Juliet with Redgrave, in 2011 he appeared as a guest star on the season 13 premiere episode of Law and Order SVU. His character, although Italian, was based on Dominique Strauss-Kahn, in the same year, he received a star on the Italian Walk of Fame in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In 2012, Nero made a appearance in the film Django Unchained in one scene alongside Jamie Foxx. In the scene Nero plays the original Django, an Italian Mandingo Fighter manager, Neros Django then questions Foxxs Django about how his name is spelt, and asks him to spell it, referencing a scene from Neros role as Django in the original Django film. Upon learning that their names are spelt the way, Neros Django says I know to Foxxs Django. His romantic involvement with British actress Vanessa Redgrave began in 1966 when they met on the set of Camelot, in 1969, they had a son, Carlo Gabriel Redgrave Sparanero, a screenwriter and director
6.
Timothy Dalton
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Timothy Peter Dalton is an English actor. He is best known for portraying James Bond in The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill, as well as Mr Rochester in Jane Eyre, before his fourth birthday, the family moved back to England to Belper in Derbyshire. While in Belper, he attended the Herbert Strutt Grammar School, as a teenager, he was a member of the Air Training Corps at LXX Squadron. He decided to become an actor at 16 after seeing a production of Macbeth and he left school in 1964 to enrol in the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and tour with the National Youth Theatre. Dalton did not complete his RADA studies, leaving the academy in 1966 to join the ensemble of the Birmingham Repertory Theatre. Dalton quickly moved to television, working mainly with the BBC and this was the first of several period dramas, which included a remake of Wuthering Heights in 1970 in which he portrayed Heathcliff. After a few films, Dalton took a break in 1971 to concentrate on the theatre, performing with the Royal Shakespeare Company. In 1975, Dalton and Vivien Merchant headed the cast of a revival of Noël Cowards The Vortex, with two exceptions, the films Mary, Queen of Scots and Permission to Kill, he remained a theatre actor until 1978. That year he starred in Sextette as the husband of 85-year-old Mae West, hailing his return to cinema, while in the United States, Dalton worked mainly in television, although he starred in several films. During this time, he played Prince Barin in the fiction film Flash Gordon. Dalton starred alongside Jonathan Pryce in the film The Doctor and the Devils, Dalton co-starred with Joan Collins in the miniseries, Sins. He was also replaced in two films in which hed been signed to appear and he was offered the role of real-life British Prime Minister William Lamb in the film Lady Caroline Lamb. The filmmakers replaced him with Jon Finch at the last moment, Dalton sued for breach of contract, in 1985, Dalton was set to play Don Alfonso de la Torré in Roman Polanskis film Pirates. The two men did not get along, so Polanski replaced Dalton with Damien Thomas, Dalton had been considered for the role of James Bond several times. Dalton told the producers that he was too young for the role, in a 1987 interview, Dalton said, Originally I did not want to take over from Sean Connery. He was far too good, he was wonderful, I was about 24 or 25, which is too young. But when youve seen Bond from the beginning, you dont take over from Sean Connery. In either 1979 or 1980, he was approached again, but did not favour the direction the films were taking, as he explained, his idea of Bond was different
7.
Natasha Richardson
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Natasha Jane Richardson was an English stage and screen actress. Richardson was a member of the Redgrave family and she was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and director/producer Tony Richardson and the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson. Some of her films included Patty Hearst, The Handmaids Tale, Nell, The Parent Trap. Richardson died on 18 March 2009 from an epidural hematoma after a accident in Quebec. Richardson was born and raised in Marylebone, London, a member of the Redgrave family, known as a theatrical and film acting dynasty. The following year, she made her debut at the age of four in an uncredited role in The Charge of the Light Brigade. Her first professional work in Londons West End was in a revival of Anton Chekhovs The Seagull in 1985, soon after, she starred in a London stage production of High Society, adapted from the Cole Porter film. In 1993 she made her Broadway debut in the role of Anna Christie. In 1998, she played the role of Sally Bowles in Sam Mendes revival of Cabaret on Broadway, the two were due to star in a brand new Broadway production, which never came to existence. In 1984, Richardson made her first credited appearance as an art tutor in the James Scott-directed Every Picture Tells A Story. She later starred as Mary Shelley in the 1986 film Gothic, the following year she starred opposite Kenneth Branagh and Colin Firth in A Month in the Country, directed by Pat OConnor. Director Paul Schrader signed her for the role in Patty Hearst, his 1988 docudrama about the heiress. In 1991, she appeared in The Favour, the Watch and he later credited her with giving him the best kiss of his life during the film. She got hold of me and kissed me like Ive never been kissed before, Richardson was named Best Actress at the 1994 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival for Widows Peak, and that same year appeared in Nell opposite Jodie Foster and future husband Liam Neeson. Her last screen appearance was as headmistress of a school in the 2008 comedy Wild Child. Director Anthony Geffen described listening to the film since her death as harrowing, Richardson made her American television debut in a small role in the 1984 CBS miniseries Ellis Island. That same year she made her British television debut in an episode of the BBC series Oxbridge Blues, the following year she appeared as Violet Hunter alongside Jeremy Brett and David Burke in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, in the episode entitled The Copper Beeches. Richardsons first marriage was to filmmaker Robert Fox whom she had met in 1985, during the making of Anton Chekhovs The Seagull, they were married from 1990 to 1992
8.
Joely Richardson
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Joely Kim Richardson is an English actress, known for her role as Julia McNamara in the FX drama series Nip/Tuck, and Queen Catherine Parr in the Showtime series The Tudors. She has also appeared in such as 101 Dalmatians, Event Horizon, The Patriot, Return to Me, Anonymous. She is the sister of the late actress Natasha Richardson, and through her, she is the sister-in-law of actor Liam Neeson, and the aunt of Micheál and Daniel Neeson. She was the niece of the late Lynn Redgrave and the late Corin Redgrave and cousin of actress Jemma Redgrave, joely Richardson appeared as an extra at the age of three in the 1968 version of The Charge of the Light Brigade, directed by her father. Richardson and her sister Natashas early education began in London at the independent St Pauls Girls School in Hammersmith, at age 14 Richardson moved to boarding school at the independent Harry Hopman Tennis School in Tampa, Florida. In 1983, she graduated from the Thacher School in Ojai, California, possessing an early ambition to become a professional tennis player, she spent two years at a tennis academy in Florida. In 1985, she portrayed, by flashbacks, the version of the leading character played by her mother in the film Wetherby. In a 1989 episode of Jim Hensons The Storyteller, she was cast as a princess and she portrayed a teacher on the verge of a nervous breakdown in the 1989 Channel 4 serial Behaving Badly and fictional Finnish Princess Anna in the 1991 screen comedy King Ralph. A year later she appeared in Shining Through alongside her future brother-in-law, Liam Neeson, in 1993, Richardson appeared in the BBCs Lady Chatterley opposite Sean Bean. In 1996, she played fashion designer Anita Campbell-Green in the Disney live-action remake of the animated 101 Dalmatians opposite Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil, in 1998, in the popular television drama The Echo, she played Amanda Powell. One year later, Richardson appeared opposite Mel Gibson in the film The Patriot, also in 2000, she appeared opposite Hugh Laurie in Maybe Baby, Ben Eltons film adaptation of his book Inconceivable. She was cast in the 2001 film The Affair of the Necklace after director Charles Shyer noticed her resemblance to doomed 18th century French Queen Marie Antoinette. In 2003, Richardson took on the role of Julia McNamara in the television drama Nip/Tuck and her mother, Vanessa Redgrave, has appeared in several episodes, playing her characters mother. In 2005, Richardson starred in Lies My Mother Told Me, in 2007, she played the mother in The Last Mimzy with Timothy Hutton and Chris ONeil. She also starred in the television drama Wallis & Edward, playing the role of Wallis Simpson, lover of Edward. In 2009-10, Richardson appeared as Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII, the role reunited her with her ex-husband Tim Bevan, who was part of the shows production team. Joely has recently joined the cast of TV series Titanic - Blood, in 2015 she co-starred alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger in the zombie thriller film Maggie. Richardson is divorced from film producer Tim Bevan, the couple have a daughter, Daisy Bevan, who is also an actress
9.
Michael Redgrave
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Sir Michael Scudamore Redgrave CBE was an English stage and film actor, director, manager and author. Redgrave was born in Bristol, England, the son of the silent film actor Roy Redgrave and he never knew his father, who left when the boy was six months old to pursue a career in Australia. He died when Redgrave was fourteen and his mother subsequently married Captain James Anderson, a tea planter. He studied at Clifton College and Magdalene College, Cambridge, Clifton Colleges theatre, The Redgrave Theatre, was later named after him. He was a schoolmaster at Cranleigh School in Surrey before becoming an actor in 1934 and he directed the boys in Hamlet, King Lear and The Tempest, but played all the leading roles himself. The Redgrave Room at the school was named after him, in the new Guildford School of Acting building, which opened in January 2010, the Sir Michael Redgrave Studio was named for him. They married on 18 July 1935, offered a job by Tyrone Guthrie, Redgrave made his first professional debut in London at the Old Vic on 14 September 1936, playing Ferdinand in Loves Labours Lost. During 1936–37 he also played Mr Horner in The Country Wife, Orlando in As You Like It, Warbeck in The Witch of Edmonton and his hit of the season was Orlando. Edith Evans was his Rosalind and the two fell very much in love, as he later explained, Edith always had a habit of falling in love with her leading men, with us it just went rather further. As You Like It transferred to the New Theatre in February 1937 and Redgrave again played Orlando. At the Apollo in June 1955 he played Hector in Tiger at the Gates, appearing in the role at the Plymouth Theatre. While in New York he directed A Month in the Country at the Phoenix Theatre in April 1956, returning to London in January 1958, Redgrave appeared as Philip Lester in A Touch of the Sun at the Saville Theatre. He won Best Actor in the Evening Standard Awards 1958 for this role and he rejoined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre Company in June 1958, to play Hamlet and Benedick, also playing Hamlet with the company in Leningrad and Moscow in December 1958. At the Queens Theatre in London in August 1959, he played H. J. in his own adaptation of the Henry James novella The Aspern Papers and his play was later successfully revived on Broadway in 1962, with Dame Wendy Hiller and Maurice Evans. The 1984 London revival featured his daughter, Vanessa Redgrave, along with Christopher Reeve and Hiller, while still at the National in June 1964 he also played Halvard Solness in The Master Builder, which he said went wrong. At this time he had incipient Parkinsons disease, although he did not know it and he again played Rakitin in September 1965, when his production transferred to the Cambridge Theatre in London. For the Glyndebourne Festival Opera he directed Werther in 1966 and La bohème in 1967, nevertheless, he successfully took over the part of Father in John Mortimers A Voyage Round My Father at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket, also touring Canada and Australia in the role in 1972–73. Redgraves final theatre appearance came in May 1979 when he portrayed Jasper in Simon Grays Close of Play and it was a silent, seated role, based on Grays own father, who had died a year before he wrote the play
10.
Rachel Kempson
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Rachel, Lady Redgrave, known primarily by her birth name Rachel Kempson, was an English actress. She married Sir Michael Redgrave, and was the matriarch of the famous acting dynasty, Kempson trained at RADA before joining the Royal Shakespeare Company. She married Michael Redgrave in 1935 and the couple appeared together many times on stage and she made three films with her daughter Lynn, and two films with her other daughter Vanessa. Her 1986 autobiography, Life Among the Redgraves was published by Dutton, Kempson was born in Dartmouth, Devon, the daughter of Beatrice Hamilton and Eric William Edward Kempson, a headmaster. Kempson married fellow actor Michael Redgrave in 1935, and became the daughter-in-law of Roy Redgrave, Clark, Kelly B. Clark and Annabel Lucy Clark. In 1959 her husband was knighted, and she became, formally and she never used this title professionally. In 2003, four days before what would have been her 93rd birthday, she died of a stroke at the home of her granddaughter, Natasha Richardson, in Millbrook, Richardson died on 18 March 2009 in a skiing accident and was buried near Kempson. Kempsons youngest daughter, Lynn Redgrave was also buried in the cemetery on 8 May 2010. When Rachel died she was survived by 10 grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren
11.
Corin Redgrave
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Corin William Redgrave was an English actor and far-left political activist. Redgrave was born on 16 July 1939 in Marylebone, London and he was educated at Westminster School and Kings College, Cambridge. Redgrave played a range of character roles on film, television. On stage, he was noted for performances by Shakespeare and Noël Coward, two years later he starred in the original London production of The General from America as Benedict Arnold. When the play transferred to Broadway the following season Redgrave switched roles, in 2005, Redgrave had just finished an engagement playing the lead in King Lear with the Royal Shakespeare Company in London when he suffered a severe heart attack. In 2008, he returned to the stage in a highly praised portrayal of Oscar Wilde in the one-man-play De Profundis, in 2009, he starred in Trumbo, which opened only hours after the death of his niece, Natasha Richardson. He took the part of Sir George Grey in the New Zealand TV miniseries The Governor. He wrote a play called Blunt Speaking, in which he performed at the Minerva Theatre between 23 July -10 August 2002, Redgrave was a lifelong activist in far-left politics. With his elder sister Vanessa, he was a prominent member of the Workers Revolutionary Party, later, after the collapse of the WRP, he was involved with the Marxist Party, which the two siblings founded. Both Redgrave and his wife, Kika Markham, expressed support for activist group Viva Palestina, led by British MP George Galloway. He was also a defender of the interests of the Romani people, Corin Redgrave was part of the third generation of a theatrical dynasty spanning four generations. His parents were Sir Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson, Vanessa and his first marriage was to Deirdre Deline Hamilton-Hill. They had a daughter, actress Jemma Redgrave, and a son, Luke, Redgrave and Hamilton-Hill divorced in 1975. Redgrave and Kika Markham married in 1985 in Wandsworth, London, the couple had two sons, Harvey and Arden. He wrote a memoir about his relationship with his father entitled Michael Redgrave - My Father. It also revealed his fathers bisexuality, Redgrave was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2000, which continued to affect him until he died in 2010. In June 2005, he was described by his family as being in a critical but stable condition in hospital following a heart attack at a public meeting in Basildon. In March 2009, Redgrave returned to the London stage playing the role in Trumbo
12.
Lynn Redgrave
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Lynn Redgrave, OBE was an English actress. A member of the Redgrave family, Lynn trained in London before making her debut in 1962. By the mid-1960s, she had appeared in films, including Tom Jones and Georgy Girl which won her a New York Film Critics Award and nominations for an Academy Award. In 1967, she made her Broadway debut and performed in stage productions in New York while making frequent returns to Londons West End. She performed with her sister Vanessa in Three Sisters in London and she made a return to films in the late 1990s in films such as Shine and Gods and Monsters for which she received another Academy Award nomination. Redgrave is the person to have been nominated for all of the Big Four American entertainment awards without winning any of them. Redgrave was born in Marylebone, London, to actors Sir Michael Redgrave and her sister is actress Vanessa Redgrave, her brother was actor and political activist Corin Redgrave. Her grandfather was silent screen leading man Roy Redgrave, after training in Londons Central School of Speech and Drama, Redgrave made her professional debut in a 1962 production of A Midsummer Nights Dream at the Royal Court Theatre. Following a tour of Billy Liar and repertory work in Dundee, she made her West End debut at the Haymarket, hunters The Tulip Tree with Celia Johnson and John Clements. During that time, she appeared in such as Tom Jones, Girl with Green Eyes, The Deadly Affair. For the last of these roles, she gained the New York Film Critics Award, the Golden Globe, in 1967, she made her Broadway debut in Black Comedy with Michael Crawford and Geraldine Page. London appearances included Michael Frayns The Two of Us with Richard Briers at the Garrick, David Hares Slag at the Royal Court, in 1974, she returned to Broadway in My Fat Friend. There soon followed Knock Knock with Charles Durning, Mrs. Warrens Profession with Ruth Gordon, and Saint Joan. In the 1985-86 season, she appeared with Rex Harrison, Claudette Colbert, in 1983, she played Cleopatra in an American television version of Antony and Cleopatra opposite Timothy Dalton. In 1988, she narrated a television documentary, Silent Mouse. In the early winter of 1991, she starred with Stewart Granger, highlights of her early film career also include The National Health, Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex*, The Happy Hooker, and Getting It Right. In the United States, she was seen on television series as Teachers Only, House Calls, Centennial. She also starred in BBC productions such as The Faint-Hearted Feminist, A Woman Alone, Death of a Son, Calling the Shots, and Fighting Back
13.
As You Like It
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As You Like It is a pastoral comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1599 and first published in the First Folio,1623. The plays first performance is uncertain, though a performance at Wilton House in 1603 has been suggested as a possibility. As You Like It follows its heroine Rosalind as she flees persecution in her uncles court, accompanied by her cousin Celia to find safety and, eventually, love, in the Forest of Arden. In the forest, they encounter a variety of memorable characters, Jaques provides a sharp contrast to the other characters in the play, always observing and disputing the hardships of life in the country. Historically, critical response has varied, with critics finding the work of lesser quality than other Shakespearean works. The play remains a favourite among audiences and has adapted for radio, film. The play is set in a duchy in France, but most of the takes place in a location called the Forest of Arden. Frederick has usurped the Duchy and exiled his brother, Duke Senior. Duke Seniors daughter, Rosalind, has permitted to remain at court because she is the closest friend and cousin of Fredericks only child. Orlando, a gentleman of the kingdom who at first sight has fallen in love with Rosalind, is forced to flee his home after being persecuted by his older brother, Oliver. Frederick becomes angry and banishes Rosalind from court, Celia and Rosalind decide to flee together accompanied by the court fool, Touchstone, with Rosalind disguised as a young man and Celia disguised as a poor lady. Ganymede and Aliena do not immediately encounter the Duke and his companions, instead, they meet Corin, an impoverished tenant, and offer to buy his masters crude cottage. Orlando and his servant Adam, meanwhile, find the Duke and his men and are living with them. Rosalind, also in love with Orlando, meets him as Ganymede, Ganymede says that he will take Rosalinds place and that he and Orlando can act out their relationship. The shepherdess, Phoebe, with whom Silvius is in love, has fallen in love with Ganymede, Touchstone, meanwhile, has fallen in love with the dull-witted shepherdess, Audrey, and tries to woo her, but eventually is forced to be married first. William, another shepherd, attempts to marry Audrey as well, but is stopped by Touchstone, finally, Silvius, Phoebe, Ganymede, and Orlando are brought together in an argument with each other over who will get whom. Ganymede says he will solve the problem, having Orlando promise to marry Rosalind, Orlando sees Oliver in the forest and rescues him from a lioness, causing Oliver to repent for mistreating Orlando. Oliver meets Aliena and falls in love with her, and they agree to marry, Jaques, ever melancholic, declines their invitation to return to the court preferring to stay in the forest and to adopt a religious life as well
14.
Royal Shakespeare Company
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The Royal Shakespeare Company is a major British theatre company, based in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. The companys home is in Stratford-upon-Avon, where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare, the theatres re-opened in November 2010, having closed in 2007. The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week, performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre. The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio, the fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSCs greatest plays, including a new staging of Marat/Sade. For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad, in 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions – called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon – which are screened around the world. In 2016, the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest, John Wards Birmingham-based company, the Warwickshire Company of Comedians, agreed to perform it. A surviving copy of the records that the company performed Othello. The first building erected to commemorate Shakespeare was David Garricks Jubilee Pavilion in 1769, the first permanent commemorative building to Shakespeares works in the town was a theatre built in 1827, in the gardens of New Place, but has long since been demolished. The RSCs history began with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, which was the brainchild of a local brewer and he donated a two-acre site by the River Avon and in 1875 launched an international campaign to build a theatre in the town of Shakespeares birth. The theatre, a Victorian-Gothic building seating just over 700 people, opened on 23 April 1879, with a performance of Much Ado About Nothing, a title which gave ammunition to several critics. From 1919, under the direction of William Bridges-Adams and after a slow start, the theatre received a Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1925, which gave it status. On the afternoon of 6 March 1926, when a new season was about to commence rehearsals, fire broke out, and the mass of half-timbering chosen to ornament the interior provided dry tinder. By the following morning the theatre was a blackened shell, the company transferred its Shakespeare festivals to a converted local cinema. Fund-raising began for the rebuilding of the theatre, with generous donations arriving from philanthropists in America, george Bernard Shaw commented that her design was the only one that showed any theatre sense. Her modernist plans for an art deco structure came under fire from many directions, later it came under the direction of Sir Barry Jackson in 1945, Anthony Quayle from 1948 to 1956 and Glen Byam Shaw 1957–1959, with an impressive roll-call of actors. Scotts building, with minor adjustments to the stage, remained in constant use until 2007 when it was closed for a major refit of the interior. Timeline,1932 – new Shakespeare Memorial Theatre opens, abutting the remains of the old,1961 – chartered name of the corporation and the Stratford theatre becomes ‘Royal Shakespeare. ’1974 – The Other Place opened, created from a prefabricated former store/rehearsal room in Stratford. 1986 – the Swan Theatre opened, created from the shell of the 1879 Memorial Theatre,1991 – Purpose-built new Other Place, designed by Michael Reardon, opens
15.
West End theatre
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West End theatre is a common term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of Theatreland in and near the West End of London. Along with New York Citys Broadway theatre, West End theatre is considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. Seeing a West End show is a common tourist activity in London, in 2013, ticket sales reached a record 14.4 million, making West End the largest English speaking audience in the world. Famous screen actors frequently appear on the London stage, helen Mirren received an award for her performance as the Queen on the West End stage, and then stated, theatre is such an important part of British history and British culture. Theatre in London flourished after the English Reformation, the first permanent public playhouse, known simply as The Theatre, was constructed in 1576 in Shoreditch by James Burbage. It was soon joined by The Curtain, both are known to have been used by William Shakespeares company. In 1599, the timber from The Theatre was moved to Southwark and these theatres were closed in 1642 due to the Puritans who would later influence the interregnum of 1649. After the Restoration, two companies were licensed to perform, the Dukes Company and the Kings Company, performances were held in converted buildings, such as Lisles Tennis Court. The first West End theatre, known as Theatre Royal in Bridges Street, was designed by Thomas Killigrew and built on the site of the present Theatre Royal and it opened on 7 May 1663 and was destroyed by a fire nine years later. It was replaced by a new designed by Christopher Wren and renamed the Theatre Royal. Outside the West End, Sadlers Wells Theatre opened in Islington on 3 June 1683. Taking its name from founder Richard Sadler and monastic springs that were discovered on the property, it operated as a Musick House, with performances of opera, as it was not licensed for plays. In the West End, the Theatre Royal Haymarket opened on 29 December 1720 on a site north of its current location. The Patent theatre companies retained their duopoly on drama well into the 19th century, by the early 19th century, however, music hall entertainments became popular, and presenters found a loophole in the restrictions on non-patent theatres in the genre of melodrama. Melodrama did not break the Patent Acts, as it was accompanied by music, initially, these entertainments were presented in large halls, attached to public houses, but purpose-built theatres began to appear in the East End at Shoreditch and Whitechapel. The West End theatre district became established with the opening of small theatres and halls. South of the River Thames, the Old Vic, Waterloo Road, the next few decades saw the opening of many new theatres in the West End. It abbreviated its name three years later, the theatre building boom continued until about World War I
16.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
17.
The Aspern Papers
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The Aspern Papers is a novella written by Henry James, originally published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1888, with its first book publication later in the same year. Set in Venice, The Aspern Papers demonstrates Jamess ability to generate suspense while never neglecting the development of his characters, a nameless narrator goes to Venice to find Juliana Bordereau, an old lover of Jeffrey Aspern, a famous and now dead American poet. Miss Tita had denied the existence of any papers in a letter to the narrator and his publishing partner. The narrator eventually discloses his intentions to Miss Tita, who promises to help him, later, Juliana offers to sell a portrait miniature of Aspern to the narrator for an exorbitant price. She doesnt mention Jeffrey Asperns name, but the narrator still believes she possesses some of his letters, when the old woman falls ill, the narrator ventures into her room and gets caught by Juliana as he is about to rifle her desk for the letters. Juliana calls the narrator a publishing scoundrel and collapses, the narrator flees, and when he returns some days later, he discovers that Juliana has died. Miss Tita hints that he can have the Aspern letters if he marries her, at first he feels he can never accept the proposal, but gradually he begins to change his mind. When he returns to see Miss Tita, she bids him farewell, the narrator never sees the precious papers, but he does send Miss Tita some money for the miniature portrait of Aspern that she gives him. James examines the conflicts involved when a biographer seeks to pry into the life of his subject. The story unwinds into the climax of Julianas discovery of the narrator about to break into her desk. Miss Tita is ashamed of her proposal to the narrator. In a way, she develops into the heroine of the story. James thought so highly of this story that he put it first in volume 12 of The New York Edition, critics have almost unanimously agreed with him about the tales superb quality. Leon Edel wrote, The story moves with the pace and tension of a mystery story. Critics have disagreed about the guilt and Miss Titas complex motives. Byatt in Possession and Alan Hollinghurst in The Strangers Child, most significantly, James close friend, Edith Wharton, used this theme as the subject of her first novel, The Touchstone. The Aspern Papers was first published in three parts in March–May 1888 editions of The Atlantic Monthly, and published in form in London. It was subsequently revised, with the addition of a Preface and changes including Miss Tita being renamed to Miss Tina, the 1947 film The Lost Moment was based on The Aspern Papers
18.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
19.
Long Day's Journey into Night
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Long Days Journey into Night is a drama in four acts written by American playwright Eugene ONeill in 1941–42 but first published in 1956. The play is considered to be his magnum opus. The play premiered in Sweden in February 1956 and then opened on Broadway in November 1956, ONeill posthumously received the 1957 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the work. Long Days Journey into Night is often regarded to be one of the finest American plays of the 20th century, the play concerns the Tyrone family – including parents James and Mary and their sons Edmund and Jamie. Mary is addicted to drugs and Edmund is ill with tuberculosis, the Long Day refers to the setting of the play, which takes place during one day. The play takes place on a day in August 1912. The setting is the seaside Connecticut home of the Tyrones Monte Cristo Cottage, the four main characters are the semi-autobiographical representations of ONeill himself, his older brother, and their parents. The pain of this family is made worse by their depth of self-understanding and self-analysis, combined with a brutal honesty, as they see it, and an ability to boldly express themselves. The story deals with the addiction to morphine, the family’s addiction to whiskey, the father’s miserliness, the older brother’s licentiousness. James Tyrone is a 65-year-old actor who had long ago bought a vehicle play for himself and had established his reputation based on this one role with which he had toured for years. Although that vehicle had served him well financially, he is now resentful that his having become so identified with this character has limited his scope and he is a wealthy though somewhat miserly man. His money is all tied up in property which he hangs on to in spite of impending financial hardship and his dress and appearance are showing signs of his strained financial circumstances, but he retains many of the mixed affectations of a classical actor in spite of his shabby attire. His wife Mary has recently returned from treatment for addiction and has put on weight as a result. She is looking much healthier than the family has been accustomed to, however, she still retains the haggard facial features of a long-time addict. As a recovering addict, she is restless and anxious and she also suffers from insomnia, which is not made any easier by her husband and childrens loud snoring. He questions her about it indirectly and she reassures him that she just went there to get away from her husbands snoring. In addition to Marys problems, the family is worried about Edmunds coughing, they fear that he might have tuberculosis, Edmund is more concerned about the effect a positive diagnosis might have on his mother than on himself. The constant possibility that she might relapse worries him still further, once again, he indirectly speaks to his mother about her addiction
20.
The Year of Magical Thinking
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The Year of Magical Thinking, by Joan Didion, is an account of the year following the death of the authors husband John Gregory Dunne. Published by Knopf in October 2005, The Year of Magical Thinking was immediately acclaimed as a book about mourning. It won the 2005 National Book Award for Nonfiction and was a finalist for both the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Pulitzer Prize for Biography/Autobiography, the book recounts Didions experiences of grief after Dunnes 2003 death. Days before his death, their daughter Quintana Roo Dunne Michael was hospitalized in New York with pneumonia which developed into septic shock, during 2004 Quintana was again hospitalized after a collapse and bleeding in her brain. The narrative structure of the book follows Didions re-living and re-analysis of her husbands death throughout the following it. With each replay of the event, the focus on emotional and physical aspects of the experience shifts. Didion also incorporates medical and psychological research on grief and illness into the book, Didion reports many instances of her own magical thinking, particularly the story in which she cannot give away Dunnes shoes, as he would need them when he returned. The experience of insanity or derangement that is part of grief is a major theme, Didion applies the iconic reportorial detachment for which she is known to her own experience of grieving, there are few expressions of raw emotion. Through observation and analysis of changes in her own behavior and abilities and she is haunted by questions concerning the medical details of her husbands death, the possibility that he sensed it in advance, and how she might have made his remaining time more meaningful. Fleeting memories of events and persistent snippets of past conversations with John take on a new significance and her daughters continuing health problems and hospitalizations further compound and interrupt the natural course of grief. Didion wrote The Year of Magical Thinking between October 4,2004, and December 31 the same year, completing it a year, notes she made during Quintanas hospitalizations became part of the book. Quintana Roo Dunne Michael died of pancreatitis on August 26,2005, before the publication of the book, instead she devoted a second book, Blue Nights, to her daughters death. On March 29,2007, Didions adaptation of her book for Broadway, directed by David Hare, the play expands upon the memoir by dealing with Quintanas death. It ran for 24 weeks at the Booth Theatre in New York City and this production was set to tour the world, including Salzburg, Bath and Cheltenham. The play was performed in the Sydney Theatre Companys 2008 season, starring Robyn Nevin. Also in 2008, it was performed in Barcelona at the Sala Beckett, directed by Òscar Molina, the play was performed in Canada at the Belfry Theatre in 2009 and at the Tarragon Theatre by Seana McKenna. This production was mounted in January 2011 as part of English Theatres season at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa. On October 26,2009 Redgrave reprised her performance again in a production of the play at the Cathedral Church of St. John the Divine in New York City
21.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
22.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
23.
Julia (1977 film)
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Julia is a 1977 American drama film directed by Fred Zinnemann, from a screenplay by Alvin Sargent. It is based on Lillian Hellmans book Pentimento, a chapter of Pentimento tells the story of her relationship with a lifelong friend, Julia, who fought against the Nazis in the years prior to World War II. Hellman said the story was true, but critics have challenged its accuracy, the film in DeLuxe Color was produced by Richard Roth, with Julien Derode as executive producer and Tom Pevsner as associate producer. Julia was received positively from the critics and was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fred Zinnemann and Best Actress for Jane Fonda. It ended up winning three awards, Best Supporting Actor for Jason Robards, Best Supporting Actress for Vanessa Redgrave, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Alvin Sargents script. Julia was the first film to win both supporting actor categories since The Last Picture Show six years earlier in 1971, and would be followed by Hannah and Her Sisters nine years later in 1986. Later, during the Nazi era, Lillian has become a celebrated playwright, Julia, having taken on the battle against Nazism, enlists Lillian en route to smuggle money into Nazi Germany to assist the anti-Nazi cause. It is a dangerous mission especially for a Jewish intellectual on her way to Russia, Lillian departs for Russia via Berlin and the movements of her person, and placement of her possessions, are carefully guided by compatriots of Julia through border crossings and inspections. In Berlin, Lillian is told to go to a cafe where she finds Julia and they are able to speak only briefly. Julia tells her that the money she has brought will save 500 to 1,000 people, Lillian also learns that Julia has a daughter, Lily, who is living with a baker in Alsace. After Lilian leaves Julia in the cafe and boards the train to Moscow, when she reaches London, Lillian is informed that Julia has been killed. The details of her death are shrouded in secrecy, Lillian unsuccessfully looks for Julias daughter in Alsace. She returns to the United States and is reunited with Dashiel Hammett and she is haunted by her memories of Julia and is distraught over not having found Julias baby. The film ends with an image of Lillian Hellman seated in a boat alone and she reveals in voiceover that she continued to live with Hammett for another 30 years, and outlived him by several more. Julia features the first film performances of Meryl Streep and Lisa Pelikan, the film was shot on location in England and France. Although Lillian Hellman claimed the story was based on events that occurred early in her life. Director Fred Zinnemann would later comment, Lillian Hellman in her own mind owned half the Spanish Civil War and she would portray herself in situations that were not true. An extremely talented, brilliant writer, but she was a phony character and my relations with her were very guarded and ended in pure hatred
24.
Isadora
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Isadora is a 1968 biographical film which tells the story of celebrated American dancer Isadora Duncan. It stars Vanessa Redgrave, James Fox, and Jason Robards, the film was adapted by Melvyn Bragg, Margaret Drabble, and Clive Exton from the books My Life by Isadora and Isadora, an Intimate Portrait by Sewell Stokes. It was directed by Karel Reisz and it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. The film was nominated for the Palme dOr at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival. In 1927, Isadora Duncan has become a legend as the innovator of modern dance, a bohemian. Now past 40, she lives in poverty in a hotel on the French Riviera with her companion Mary Estelle Dempsey/Mary Desti and her secretary Roger. In 1896, she performs under the name of Peppy Dora in a music hall in Chicago. Modeling her free-form style of dance and costume after Greek classicism, in Berlin, she meets her first love, Gordon Craig, a young stage designer who promises her that together they will create a new world of theatre. Following the birth of a son, Isadora returns to England with Singer but becomes bored with her life and enters into an affair with her pianist. A short time later, both of her children are drowned when their car plunges off a bridge into the Seine. Broken by the tragedy, Isadora leaves Singer and wanders about Europe until in 1921 she receives an offer to open a school in the Soviet Union. Following the disintegration of her marriage, she returns to Nice to write her memoirs, impulsively selling her possessions to open a new school in Paris, Isadora goes to a local cafe to celebrate and spots Bugatti, a handsome Italian whom she has been admiring for several days. She goes for a drive with him in his sports car, and as they roar along a road by the sea, Isadoras long chiffon scarf catches in the spokes of a wheel and strangles her
25.
Mary, Queen of Scots (1971 film)
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Mary, Queen of Scots is a 1971 British Universal Pictures biographical film based on the life of Mary, Queen of Scots, written by John Hale and directed by Charles Jarrott. The screenplay was written by John Hale and the directed by Charles Jarrott. The film received a less enthusiastic review from the New York Times. Following the death of her husband Francis II of France, Mary, though fearless, unselfish, and very beautiful, the young queen faces many challenges. He suggests that Mary enjoy herself in Scotland, and pass the time dancing and feasting. Moray wants to rule Scotland while the lovely but inexperienced Mary becomes a figurehead, fearing that Mary has ambitions for Englands throne, Elizabeth I of England decides to weaken her claim by sending her favourite, the ambitious Robert Dudley, to woo and marry Mary. She promises that Mary will become her heir if she agrees to the marriage, sly Elizabeth also sends the younger, dashing but weak and spoiled Lord Darnley, from a powerful Catholic family. Tempted by the handsome Darnley, Mary impulsively chooses him for marriage, Lord Moray, a Protestant, opposes the marriage, but Mary ignores him. She even exiles Moray to strengthen her own authority, Elizabeth is satisfied that reckless, passionate Marys romantic misadventures will keep her busy in Scotland and give shrewd, practical Elizabeth less to worry about. Soon after the wedding, spoiled brat Darnley throws a temper tantrum. A disillusioned Mary soon banishes Darnley from her bed and frequently consults with the gentle, Darnley had previously had him as a lover and accuses him of fathering Marys expected child. A group of Scottish lords persuade Darnley to help get rid of Riccio, to escape, she persuades Darnley that the plotters will turn against him, and they flee to the safety of Lord Bothwell. He has been an ally of Mary since her arrival in Scotland, after he defeats the plotters, Mary forces a truce among their leader Moray, Darnley and Bothwell. Mary gives birth to a son, James, who is expected to succeed both Mary and the unmarried, childless Elizabeth, the weak, selfish Darnley still wants power, though by now he is hideously scarred and already dying of syphilis. Mary pities him, but finds herself falling in love with the rough, with Morays help, they arrange for Darnley to be killed in a gunpowder explosion at his manor, Darnley escapes before the blast but is stabbed to death. Bothwell marries Mary, and their few brief nights together are blissful, but Moray rejoins the Scottish lords and leads a rebellion against them. He forces Mary to abdicate, and she and her husband are driven into exile, Mary to England, Marys young son James is to be crowned King of Scotland and brought up as a Protestant. In England, Mary begs Elizabeth for money and an army to regain her throne, instead Elizabeth takes her prisoner, keeping her locked away in luxurious captivity in a remote castle
26.
The Bostonians (film)
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The Bostonians is a 1984 American romantic drama film based on Henry Jamess novel of the same name. The film stars Vanessa Redgrave, Christopher Reeve, Madeleine Potter, the movie received respectable reviews and showings at arthouse theaters in New York, London and other cities. Vanessa Redgrave received 1984 Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations for Best Actress, and it was filmed in Boston, Marthas Vineyard, Belvedere Castle in Central Park, New York City, and Troy, New York
27.
Howards End (film)
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Howards End is a 1992 British romantic drama film based upon the novel of the same name by E. M. Forster, a story of class relations in turn-of-the-20th-century England. The film—produced by Merchant Ivory Productions as their third adaptation of a Forster novel —was the first film to be released by Sony Pictures Classics, the screenplay was written by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, directed by James Ivory and produced by Ismail Merchant. Howards End was entered as Official selection for Cannes International Film Festival, in 1993, the film received nine Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture for Ismail Merchant and Best Director for James Ivory. The film won three awards, including for Best Art Direction, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala earned her second Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, while Emma Thompson won the 1992 Academy Award for Best Actress. The film asks the question Who will inherit England, and answers it through the ownership of the house, Howards End, as it passes from person to person. The younger sister, Helen Schlegel, briefly engaged to the younger Wilcox son. They realise their mistake and break it off by mutual consent, Ruth is descended from English yeoman stock and it is through her family that the Wilcoxes have come to own Howards End, a house she loves dearly. It stands symbolically above class distinction, representing rural England, the tapestry of its manifold traditions. Over the course of the few months, the two women become very good friends, and Ruth eventually regards Margaret as a kindred spirit. Hearing that the lease on the Schlegels London house is due to expire and this causes great consternation to the Wilcoxes, who refuse to believe that Ruth was in her right mind or could possibly have intended her home to go to a relative stranger. The Wilcoxes burn the piece of paper on which Ruths bequest is written, Henry Wilcox is aware, as Margaret is not, that he has prevented the Schlegels from finding a home at Howards End. Therefore, he offers to help Margaret look for a new place to live, as a result, they get to know each other quite well. Some time before this the Schlegels had befriended a young, poor, yet highly intellectual clerk, both sisters find him remarkable, infused with a spirit of romantic ambition as Margaret puts it. Wishing to improve his lot, they pass along advice from Henry to the effect that Leonard must leave his post, Leonard acts on this advice in good faith, but finds himself in a far worse position, indeed he is unable to find any employment. The two plot lines converge unexpectedly at the scene of the wedding party of Evie Wilcox. Helen has found the Basts destitute, on the verge of starvation, and brings them from London to Shropshire, where she storms into the garden party, jacky Bast overeats and gets drunk, Margaret approaches her with Henry trying to resolve the situation. Jacky recognises Henry immediately and Margaret learns that years previously. Humiliated and suspicious, Henry breaks off the engagement, nevertheless, he and Margaret make their peace with each other the same evening, and she forgives his moral transgression, valiantly determining, this is not going to trouble us
28.
Blowup
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Blowup, or Blow-Up, is a 1966 British-Italian film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni about a fashion photographer, played by David Hemmings, who believes he has unwittingly captured a murder on film. It was Antonionis first entirely English-language film, the film also stars Vanessa Redgrave, Sarah Miles, John Castle, Jane Birkin, Tsai Chin and Gillian Hills as well as sixties model Veruschka. The screenplay was by Antonioni and Tonino Guerra, with English dialogue by British playwright Edward Bond, the film was produced by Carlo Ponti, who had contracted Antonioni to make three English-language films for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The film was scored by jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, the music is diegetic, as Hancock noted, Its only there when someone turns on the radio or puts on a record. Nominated for several awards at the Cannes Film Festival, Blowup won the Grand Prix, the American release of the counterculture-era film with its explicit sexual content by a major Hollywood studio was in direct defiance of the Production Code. Its subsequent outstanding critical and box office success proved to be one of the events that led to the final abandonment of the code in 1968 in favour of the MPAA film rating system. In 2012, Blowup was ranked No.144 in the Sight & Sound critics poll of the worlds greatest films, the plot is a day in the life of a glamorous fashion photographer, Thomas, inspired by the life of an actual Swinging London photographer, David Bailey. He grows bored and walks off, leaving the models and production staff in the lurch, as he leaves the studio, two teenage girls who are aspiring models ask to speak with him, but the photographer drives off to look at an antiques shop. Wandering into Maryon Park, he takes photos of two lovers, the woman is furious at being photographed. The photographer then meets his agent for lunch, and notices a man following him, back at his studio, the woman arrives asking for the film, but he deliberately hands her a different roll. She in turn writes down a telephone number to give to him. His many enlargements of the black and white film are grainy but seem to show a body in the grass. He is disturbed by a knock on the door, but it is the two again, with whom he has a romp in his studio and falls asleep. Awakening, he finds they hope he will photograph them but he tells them to leave, saying, Tomorrow. As evening falls, the photographer goes back to the park and finds the body of a man, the photographer returns to his studio to find that all the negatives and prints are gone except for one very grainy blowup showing the body. A buzz in Becks amplifier angers him so much he smashes his guitar on stage, then throws its neck into the crowd, the photographer grabs the neck and runs out of the club before anyone can snatch it from him. Then he has thoughts about it, throws it on the pavement. A passer-by picks up the neck and throws it back down, however, the photographer cannot put across what he has photographed
29.
Camelot (film)
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Camelot is a 1967 American musical drama film directed by Joshua Logan and starring Richard Harris as King Arthur, Vanessa Redgrave as Guenevere, and Franco Nero as Lancelot. The film is an adaptation of the musical by Alan Jay Lerner. In the opening scene, King Arthur is preparing for a battle against his friend, Sir Lancelot. Arthur reflects on the sad circumstances which have led him to this situation, Merlyn appears to him and tells Arthur to think back. Arthur thinks back to the night of his marriage to his now-estranged wife and it is an arranged marriage, and he has never met her before. He is understandably afraid of what lies ahead and his solitude is broken by Guenevere and her entourage. Guenevere is also worried about marrying a man she has never met, like Arthur, she flees from her entourage to reflect on her future. Arthur accidentally falls out of the tree in which he is hiding and he and Guenevere converse, as she does not know his true identity, and realize they have things in common. Arthur tells her what a wonderful place his kingdom is and they almost kiss, the kings identity is revealed, and although Arthur gives Guenevere the chance to leave she gladly goes back with him to be married. The plot shifts to five years later, knights are shown gathering from all over England. The plot shifts another five years, and word of Arthurs Round Table spreads to France, inspired by Arthur’s ideas, the self-righteous French knight Lancelot makes his way to England with his squire Dep, boasting of his superior virtues. Lancelots prowess impresses Arthur and they become friends, but many of the knights despise Lancelot for his self-righteousness. Guenevere also dislikes Lancelot at first, and, to Arthurs chagrin, however, the plan goes awry as Lancelot easily defeats all three, almost killing Sir Dinadan. A horrified Lancelot pleads for Sir Dinadan to live, and as he lays hands on him, Guenevere is so impressed that her feelings for Lancelot begin to change. Soon afterwards, it is revealed that, despite his vows of celibacy, Lancelot is in love with Guenevere, leading to the love triangle involving Arthur, Guenevere. Guenevere knows it is wrong and tries to get Lancelot out of her life, Arthur realizes something is going on between Lancelot and Guenevere but cannot bring himself to alienate either of them, and so turns a blind eye. All this takes its toll on Arthurs disposition, and Guenevere tries, mordred cunningly convinces Arthur to stay out hunting all night as a test, knowing Lancelot will visit Guenevere in her bedchamber. Guenevere admits her feelings for Lancelot but still feels guilty, mordred rouses several knights and they catch the lovers together, as he planned
30.
The Devils (film)
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The Devils is a 1971 British historical drama horror film directed by Ken Russell and starring Oliver Reed and Vanessa Redgrave. Russells screenplay is based partly on the 1952 book The Devils of Loudun by Aldous Huxley, the film is a dramatised historical account of the rise and fall of Urbain Grandier, a 17th-century Roman Catholic priest executed for witchcraft following the supposed possessions in Loudun, France. Reed plays Grandier in the film and Vanessa Redgrave plays a hunchbacked sexually repressed nun who finds herself responsible for the accusations. It was banned in countries, and eventually heavily edited for release in others. The film has never received a release in its original, uncut form in various countries, note, This plot is for the unedited version of the film. Some scenes described below are omitted from other versions, in 17th Century France, Cardinal Richelieu is influencing Louis XIII in an attempt to gain further power. He convinces Louis that the fortifications of cities throughout France should be demolished to prevent Protestants from uprising, Louis agrees, but forbids Richelieu from carrying out demolitions in the town of Loudun, having made a promise to its Governor not to damage the town. Meanwhile, in Loudun, the Governor has died, leaving control of the city to Urbain Grandier, Sister Jeanne asks for Grandier to become the convents new confessor. Grandier secretly marries another woman, Madeleine De Brou, but news of this reaches Sister Jeanne, baron Jean de Laubardemont arrives with orders to demolish the city, overriding Grandiers orders to stop. Grandier summons the towns soldiers and forces Laubardemont to back down pending the arrival of an order for the demolition from King Louis, Grandier departs Loudun to visit the King. In the meantime, Sister Jeanne is informed by Father Mignon that he is to be their new confessor and she informs him of Grandiers marriage and affairs, and also inadvertently accuses Grandier of witchcraft and of possessing her, information that Mignon relays to Laubardemont. In the process, the information is pared down to just the claim that Grandier has bewitched the convent and has dealt with the Devil, with Grandier away from Loudon, Laubardemont and Mignon decide to find evidence against him. Sister Jeanne claims that Grandier has bewitched her, and the nuns do the same. A public exorcism erupts in the town, in which the nuns remove their clothes, duke Henri de Condé arrives, claiming to be carrying a holy relic which can exorcise the devils possessing the nuns. Father Barre then proceeds to use the relic in exorcising the nuns, in the midst of the chaos, Grandier and Madeleine return and are immediately arrested. After being given a show trial, Grandier is shaven and tortured – although at his execution. The judges, clearly under orders from Laubardemont, sentence Grandier to death by burning at the stake, Laubardemont has also obtained permission to destroy the citys fortifications. Despite pressure on Grandier to confess to the charges, he refuses
31.
Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)
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Murder on the Orient Express is a 1974 British mystery film directed by Sidney Lumet, produced by John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin, and based on the 1934 novel Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie, the film features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, who is asked to investigate the murder of an American business tycoon aboard the Orient Express train. The screenplay is by Paul Dehn as well as an uncredited Anthony Shaffer, of these nominations, Bergman was the only winner. A new adaptation is due to be released in November 2017, starring Kenneth Branagh, Judi Dench, aside from Poirot, the other passengers travelling on the Calais coach are, Mrs. Hardman, an American theatrical agent. That night the train is caught in heavy snows en route through Yugoslavia, Poirot is disturbed numerous times during the night. The next morning Ratchett is found stabbed to death in his cabin, Poirot and Bianchi work together to solve the case. They enlist the help of Dr. Constantine, a Greek medical doctor who was travelling in another coach with Bianchi as the other passenger. Pierre Michel, the French conductor of the car, also assists the investigation, Dr. Constantines examination reveals Ratchett was stabbed 12 times. Some wounds were slight, but at least three of them could have resulted in death, the stopped watch in the victims pocket, as well as Poirots reconstructed timeline of passenger activities the night before, indicate that Ratchett was murdered at about 1,15 a. m. The train had stopped, surrounded by snow, before then. There are no tracks in the snow and the doors to the cars were locked. Also discovered at the scene of the crime are a pipe-cleaner, a handkerchief with the initial H. Overcome with grief, the pregnant Mrs. Armstrong went into labour early, a French maidservant named Paulette, wrongly suspected of complicity in the kidnapping, committed suicide, only to be found innocent later. Colonel Armstrong, consumed by these tragedies, later killed himself as well. Cassetti betrayed his partner, leaving him to be executed while he fled the country with the ransom, Poirot, Constantine and Bianchi begin their interrogation of the passengers. Arbuthnott also displays a knowledge of Armstrongs military decorations. When Poirot interviews Princess Dragomiroff he discovers she is a friend of the now-bedridden actress Linda Arden, Mrs Armstrongs mother. He learns that also in the household were a butler, a secretary, a cook, a chauffeur and a nursemaid to Daisy
32.
Prick Up Your Ears
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Prick Up Your Ears is a 1987 film, directed by Stephen Frears, about the playwright Joe Orton and his lover Kenneth Halliwell. The screenplay was written by Alan Bennett, based on the biography by John Lahr, the film stars Gary Oldman as Orton, Alfred Molina as Halliwell, Wallace Shawn as Lahr and Vanessa Redgrave as Peggy Ramsay. The film tells the story of Orton and Halliwell in flashback, framed by sequences of Lahr researching the book upon which the film is based with Ortons literary agent, Orton and Halliwells relationship is traced from its beginnings at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. Orton starts out as the youth to Halliwells older faux-sophisticate. As the relationship progresses, however, Orton grows increasingly confident in his talent while Halliwells writing stagnates and they fall into a parody of a traditional married couple, with Orton as the husband and Halliwell as the long-suffering and increasingly ignored wife. Orton is commissioned to write a screenplay for the Beatles and Halliwell gets carried away in preparing for a meeting with the Fab Four, finally, in August 1967, a despondent Halliwell kills Orton and commits suicide. On the basis of Oldmans work in the film and the previous years Sid and Nancy, ken Hanke of the Mountain Xpress was less impressed, describing the film as a good, but never quite great biopic, while still awarding it four stars out of five. Oldman earned a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Actor, Redgrave received BAFTA-, Alan Bennett earned a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay. The film won the award for Best Artistic Contribution at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival, the film has a 92% fresh rating at review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. Prick Up Your Ears at the Internet Movie Database
33.
Mission: Impossible (film)
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Mission, Impossible is a 1996 American action spy film directed by Brian De Palma, produced by and starring Tom Cruise. Based on the series of the same name, the plot follows Ethan Hunt. Work on the script had begun early with filmmaker Sydney Pollack on board, before De Palma, Steven Zaillian, David Koepp, Mission, Impossible went into pre-production without a shooting script. De Palma came up with action sequences, but Koepp. U2 band members Larry Mullen, Jr. and Adam Clayton produced a dance version of the original theme music. The tune went into the lists of music charts around the world and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. The film was a critical and commercial success, eventually becoming the third highest-grossing film of 1996, the films success spawned four sequels, Mission, Impossible II, Mission, Impossible III, Mission, Impossible – Ghost Protocol, and Mission, Impossible – Rogue Nation. Years after the events of the series, Jim Phelps and his team and their mission fails, Phelps is shot, his wife Claire dies in a car bombing, and the rest of the team except Ethan Hunt are eliminated by unknown assassins. As Hunt is the only left, Kittridge suspects him of being the mole. Returning to the Prague safe house, Hunt realizes Job 314 refers to Bible verse Job 3,14, Claire arrives at the safe house, explaining she escaped the bomb after Phelps aborted the mission. Hunt arranges a meeting with Max, and warns her that the list she possesses has a tracking device and he promises to deliver the real list in return for $10 million and Jobs identity. Hunt, Max, and her agents escape just as a CIA team arrives, Hunt recruits two disavowed IMF agents, computer expert Luther Stickell and pilot Franz Krieger. They infiltrate CIA headquarters in Langley, steal the real list, Kittridge, detecting the theft, has Hunts mother and uncle falsely arrested for drug trafficking. He provides media coverage of the arrest, forcing Hunt to contact him from Liverpool Street Station, Hunt allows the CIA to trace him to London before hanging up, but is surprised to find Phelps nearby. Phelps recounts surviving the shooting, naming Kittridge as the mole, Hunt realizes Phelps is the mole, having discovered that Phelps stole a Bible from a Chicago hotel. He also suspects Krieger as the one who killed the other IMF members on the Prague job, Hunt arranges with Max to exchange the list aboard the TGV train to Paris the next day. On the train, Hunt remotely directs Max to the list, Max verifies it and gives Hunt the code to a briefcase containing the payment along with Job in the baggage car. Ethan calls Claire and tells her to him there
34.
Atonement (film)
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Atonement is a 2007 British romantic drama war film directed by Joe Wright and based on Ian McEwans 2001 novel of the same name. The film stars James McAvoy, Keira Knightley, Saoirse Ronan, Romola Garai and it was produced by Working Title Films and filmed in England. Distributed in most of the world by Universal Studios, it was released in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 7 September 2007, a commercial success, the film earned a worldwide gross of approximately $129 million against a budget of $30 million. Critics gave the positive reviews, praising its acting performances, its cinematography. Atonement won an Oscar for Best Original Score at the 80th Academy Awards and it also garnered fourteen nominations at the 61st British Academy Film Awards, winning both Best Film and Production Design, and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama. In 1935, Briony Tallis is a 13-year-old girl from a wealthy English family and has just finished writing a play. Briony attempts to stage the play with her three visiting cousins, twin boys and their sister, Lola, however, they get bored. Briony stays behind and witnesses a significant moment of tension between her older sister, Cecilia, and Robbie Turner, a servants son. Robbie returns home and writes several drafts of letters to Cecilia, including one that is explicitly sexual, initially written for the sake of humour, he does not intend to send it and sets it aside. On his way to join the Tallis family for dinner, Robbie asks Briony to deliver his letter, Briony secretly reads the letter and is simultaneously disgusted and jealous. She tells Lola of its contents and they call Robbie a “sex maniac” while debating whether to turn him in to the police and that afternoon, Lola and her younger brothers meet a friend of the Tallis family, a wealthy chocolate manufacturer named Paul Marshall. Though he is older than her, he excites Lola by flirting with her. That evening, Cecilia confronts Robbie about the letter which she has since read and they meet in the library where they make love and tenderly confess their love for one another. During the act, Briony watches through the open door. At dinner it is revealed that Lolas twin brothers have run away and she eventually stumbles upon a man running away from apparently raping Lola. Lola claims that she not know the identity of her attacker. In a fit of pique, the still-hurt Briony tells everyone that she saw Robbie commit the act and she shows Robbies shocking letter to her mother and the police. Everyone believes Brionys story except for Cecilia and Robbies mother, Robbie is arrested, four years later, Robbie is released from prison on condition that he join the army
35.
Coriolanus (film)
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Coriolanus is a 2011 British film adaptation of William Shakespeares tragedy Coriolanus, starring Ralph Fiennes in his directorial debut. The rioters are particularly angry at Caius Martius, a brilliant Roman general whom they blame for the citys problems, during a march, the rioters encounter Martius, who is openly contemptuous and does not hide his low opinion of the regular citizens. The commander of the Volscian army, Tullus Aufidius, who has fought Martius on several occasions and considers him a mortal enemy, swears that the next time they meet in battle will be the last. Martius leads a raid against the Volscian city of Corioles and during the siege, with much of Martiuss unit being killed, Martius gathers reinforcements and the Romans take the city. After the battle, Martius and Aufidius meet in single combat, Martius returns to Rome victorious and in recognition of his great courage, General Cominius gives him the agnomen of Coriolanus. Coriolanuss mother Volumnia encourages her son to run for consul within the Roman Senate, Coriolanus is reluctant but he eventually agrees to his mothers wishes. He easily wins the Roman Senate and seems at first to have won over the commoners as well due to his military victories. Two tribunes, Brutus and Sicinius, are critical of his entrance into politics and they scheme to undo Coriolanus and so stir up another riot in opposition to him becoming consul. He compares allowing citizens to have power over the senators as to allowing crows to peck the eagles, the tribunes term Coriolanus a traitor for his words and order him banished. Coriolanus retorts that it is he who will banish Rome from his presence, after being exiled from Rome, Coriolanus seeks out Aufidius in the Volscian capital of Antium and offers to let Aufidius kill him, to spite the country that banished him. Coriolanus and Aufidius lead a Voscilian attack on Rome, panicked, Rome sends General Titus to persuade Coriolanus to halt his crusade for vengeance, when Titus reports his failure, Senator Menenius follows but is also shunned. In response, Menenius, who has seemingly lost all hope in Coriolanus and Rome, finally, Volumnia is sent to meet with her son, along with Coriolanus wife Virgilia and his son. Volumnia succeeds in dissuading her son from destroying Rome and Coriolanus makes peace between the Volscians and the Romans alongside General Cominius, when Coriolanus returns to the Volscian border, he is confronted by Aufidius and his men, who now also brand him as a traitor. They call him Martius and refuse to call him by his name of Coriolanus. Aufidius explains to Coriolanus how he put aside his hatred so that they could conquer Rome but now that Coriolanus has prevented this, for this betrayal, Aufidius and his men attack and kill Coriolanus.7 million. It was filmed in Belgrade and other areas of Serbia using many locals as extras, the film premiered in Competition at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival on 14 February 2011 and it opened the 2011 Belgrade International Film Festival. On 2 December of that year, it opened in New York City, as of February 2012, it has not yet received a wide U. S. release. However, the film has shown on a limited basis in other large US cities
36.
The Butler
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The Butler is a 2013 American historical drama film directed and produced by Lee Daniels and written by Danny Strong. It was the last film produced by Laura Ziskin, who died in 2011, the film was theatrically released by The Weinstein Company on August 16,2013, to mostly positive reviews and grossing over $176 million worldwide against a budget of $30 million. In 2009, an elderly Cecil Gaines recounts his story while waiting at the White House to meet the newly inaugurated president. In 1926, at the age of seven, Gaines is raised on a plantation in Macon. When the farms owner rapes Cecils mother, Cecils father confronts him and is killed, Cecil is taken in by the estates caretaker, who trains Cecil as a house servant. In 1937, at age eighteen, Cecil leaves the plantation, desperately hungry, he breaks into a hotel pastry shop. The elderly master servant, Maynard, takes pity on Cecil, Cecil learns advanced serving and interpersonal skills from Maynard, who later recommends Cecil for a position in a Washington, D. C. hotel. While working there, Cecil meets and marries Gloria, and the couple has two sons, Louis and Charlie, in 1957, Cecil is hired by the White House during Dwight D. Eisenhowers administration. White House maître dhôtel Freddie Fallows introduces Cecil to head butler Carter Wilson, Cecil witnesses Eisenhowers reluctance to use troops to enforce school desegregation, then his resolve to uphold the law by racially integrating Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas. Louis, the son, becomes a university student at Fisk University in Tennessee. Louis joins a student program led by Southern Christian Leadership Conference activist James Lawson, which leads to a nonviolent sit-in at a segregated diner, Gloria, who feels that Cecil puts his job ahead of her, descends into alcoholism. In 1961, after John F. Kennedys inauguration, Louis and others are attacked by members of the Ku Klux Klan while on a ride to Birmingham. As a goodwill gesture, Jackie Kennedy gives Cecil one of the former presidents neckties, Louis participates in the 1965 Selma Voting Rights Movement, which inspires Johnson to demand that Congress enact the landmark Voting Rights Act of 1965. Johnson also gives Cecil a tie bar, in the late 1960s, after civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr. s assassination, Louis tells his family that he has joined the Black Panthers. Cecil orders Louis and his girlfriend to leave his house, Cecil becomes aware of President Richard Nixons plans to suppress the Black Panthers. Charlie confides to Louis that he plans to join the war in Vietnam, after enlisting, Charlie is killed and buried at Arlington National Cemetery. When the Black Panthers resort to violence, Louis leaves the organization and returns to college, earning his masters degree in political science, Cecil repeatedly confronts his supervisor at the White House over the unequal pay and career advancement provided to the black White House staff. With President Ronald Reagans support, Cecil prevails, his growing to the point that he
37.
Arthur Miller
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Arthur Asher Miller was an American playwright, essayist, and figure in twentieth-century American theater. Among his most popular plays are All My Sons, Death of a Salesman, The Crucible and he also wrote several screenplays and was most noted for his work on The Misfits. The drama Death of a Salesman has been numbered on the short list of finest American plays in the 20th century alongside Long Days Journey into Night, Miller was often in the public eye, particularly during the late 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee, in 1980, Miller received the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates. He received the Prince of Asturias Award and the Praemium Imperiale prize in 2002, Miller was born on October 17,1915, in Harlem, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, the second of three children of Augusta and Isidore Miller. His father was born in Radomyśl Wielki, Galicia, and his mother was a native of New York whose parents arrived from that town. Isidore owned a clothing manufacturing business employing 400 people. He became a wealthy and respected man in the community, the family, including his younger sister Joan Copeland, lived on West 110th Street in Manhattan, owned a summer house in Far Rockaway, Queens, and employed a chauffeur. In the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the family lost almost everything and moved to Gravesend, as a teenager, Miller delivered bread every morning before school to help the family. After graduating in 1932 from Abraham Lincoln High School, he worked at menial jobs to pay for his college tuition. At the University of Michigan, Miller first majored in journalism and worked for the student paper and it was during this time that he wrote his first play, No Villain. Miller switched his major to English, and subsequently won the Avery Hopwood Award for No Villain, the award brought him his first recognition and led him to begin to consider that he could have a career as a playwright. Rowe provided realistic feedback along with much-needed encouragement, and became a lifelong friend, in 1937, Miller wrote Honors at Dawn, which also received the Avery Hopwood Award. After his graduation in 1938, he joined the Federal Theater Project and he chose the theater project despite the more lucrative offer to work as a scriptwriter for 20th Century Fox. However, Congress, worried about possible Communist infiltration, closed the project in 1939, Miller began working in the Brooklyn Navy Yard while continuing to write radio plays, some of which were broadcast on CBS. In 1940, Miller married Mary Grace Slattery, the couple had two children, Jane and Robert. Miller was exempted from service during World War II because of a high-school football injury to his left kneecap. 1940 was also the year his first play was produced, The Man Who Had All the Luck won the Theatre Guilds National Award, the play closed after four performances with disastrous reviews
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