Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are viruses that, while similar to the original, have genetic changes that are of enough significance to lead virologists to label them sepa
False-colour transmission electron micrograph of a B.1.1.7 variant coronavirus. The variant's increased transmissibility is believed to be due to changes in structure of the spike proteins, shown here in green.
Various SARS-CoV-2 variants that were reported officially by CDC, NIH, in May 2021 in relation to mutations L452R and E484K
Prevalence of mutation D614G across all reported GISAID strains during the course of 2020. Convergence with unity closely matches the upper limb of the logistics curve.
A COVID‑19 vaccine is designed to induce immunity against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019. COVID-19 vaccines help reduce the risk of severe illness, hospitalization and
Variants of SARS-CoV-2
…data in the East Mediterranean and African regions). The general level of population immunity and immunity from XBB.1.5 booster versions of the COVID-19 vaccine was expected to provide some protection (cross-reactivity) to JN.1. BA.3.2 is a heavily mutated Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes…
A conceptual diagram showing three vaccine types for forming SARS‑CoV‑2 proteins to prompt an immune response: (1) RNA vaccine; (2) subunit vaccine; (3) viral vector vaccine
Vaccine platforms that are being employed for SARS-CoV-2. Whole-virus vaccines include both attenuated and inactivated forms of the virus. Protein and peptide subunit vaccines are usually combined with an adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity. The main emphasis in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development has been on using the whole spike protein in its trimeric form, or its components, such as the RBD region. Multiple non-replicating viral vector vaccines have been developed, particularly focused on
Diagram of the operation of an RNA vaccine. Messenger RNA contained in the vaccine enters cells and is translated into viral proteins, which trigger an immune response.
Vial of Novavax vaccine from clinical trials at Thackray Museum of Medicine