1.
Budapest
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Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary, one of the largest cities in the European Union and sometimes described as the primate city of Hungary. It has an area of 525 square kilometres and a population of about 1.8 million within the limits in 2016. Budapest became a single city occupying both banks of the Danube river with the unification of Buda and Óbuda on the west bank, the history of Budapest began with Aquincum, originally a Celtic settlement that became the Roman capital of Lower Pannonia. Hungarians arrived in the territory in the 9th century and their first settlement was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–1242. The re-established town became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century, following the Battle of Mohács and nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule, the region entered a new age of prosperity, and Budapest became a global city after its unification in 1873. It also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a power that dissolved in 1918. Budapest was the point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Republic of Councils in 1919, the Battle of Budapest in 1945. Budapest is an Alpha- global city, with strengths in arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. Its business district hosts the Budapest Stock Exchange and the headquarters of the largest national and international banks and it is the highest ranked Central and Eastern European city on Innovation Cities Top 100 index. Budapest attracts 4.4 million international tourists per year, making it the 25th most popular city in the world, further famous landmarks include Andrássy Avenue, St. It has around 80 geothermal springs, the worlds largest thermal water system, second largest synagogue. Budapest is home to the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College, over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including the Eötvös Loránd University, Central European University and Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Budapest is the combination of the city names Buda and Pest, One of the first documented occurrences of the combined name Buda-Pest was in 1831 in the book Világ, written by Count István Széchenyi. The origins of the names Buda and Pest are obscure, according to chronicles from the Middle Ages, the name Buda comes from the name of its founder, Bleda, brother of the Hunnic ruler Attila. The theory that Buda was named after a person is also supported by modern scholars, an alternative explanation suggests that Buda derives from the Slavic word вода, voda, a translation of the Latin name Aquincum, which was the main Roman settlement in the region. There are also theories about the origin of the name Pest. One of the states that the word Pest comes from the Roman times. According to another theory, Pest originates from the Slavic word for cave, or oven, the first settlement on the territory of Budapest was built by Celts before 1 AD
2.
Kit (association football)
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In association football, kit is the standard equipment and attire worn by players. The sports Laws of the Game specify the minimum kit which a player must use, footballers generally wear identifying numbers on the backs of their shirts. Professional clubs also usually display players surnames or nicknames on their shirts, Football kit has evolved significantly since the early days of the sport when players typically wore thick cotton shirts, knickerbockers and heavy rigid leather boots. The Laws of the Game set out the equipment which must be worn by all players in Law 4. Five separate items are specified, shirt, shorts, socks, footwear, goalkeepers are allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts. While most players wear studded football boots, the Laws do not specify that these are required, shirts must have sleeves, and goalkeepers must wear shirts which are easily distinguishable from all other players and the match officials. Thermal undershorts may be worn, but must be the colour as the shorts themselves. Shin pads must be covered entirely by the stockings, be made of rubber, plastic or a similar material, and provide a reasonable degree of protection. The only other restriction on equipment defined in the Laws of the Game is the requirement that a player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or another player. In the event of a match between teams who would wear identical or similar colours the away team must change to a different colour. The England national team plays in red shirts even when it is not required. Many professional clubs also have a kit, ostensibly to be used if both their first-choice and away colours are deemed too similar to those of an opponent. Most professional clubs have retained the basic colour scheme for several decades. Teams representing countries in international competition generally wear national colours in common with other sporting teams of the same nation, shirts are normally made of a polyester mesh, which does not trap the sweat and body heat in the same way as a shirt made of a natural fibre. Depending on local rules, there may be restrictions on how large these logos may be or on what logos may be displayed, competitions such as the Premier League may also require players to wear patches on their sleeves depicting the logo of the competition. The captain of team is usually required to wear an elasticated armband around the left sleeve to identify him as the captain to the referee. Most current players wear specialist football boots, which can be either of leather or a synthetic material. Modern boots are cut slightly below the ankles, as opposed to the high-ankled boots used in former times, studs may be either moulded directly to the sole or be detachable, normally by means of a screw thread
3.
Hungary
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Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken language in Europe. Hungarys capital and largest metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Győr. His great-grandson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000, converting the country to a Christian kingdom, by the 12th century, Hungary became a middle power within the Western world, reaching a golden age by the 15th century. Hungarys current borders were established in 1920 by the Treaty of Trianon after World War I, when the country lost 71% of its territory, 58% of its population, following the interwar period, Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties. Hungary became a state of the Soviet Union, which contributed to the establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship. On 23 October 1989, Hungary became again a democratic parliamentary republic, in the 21st century, Hungary is a middle power and has the worlds 57th largest economy by nominal GDP, as well as the 58th largest by PPP, out of 188 countries measured by the IMF. As a substantial actor in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds 36th largest exporter and importer of goods, Hungary is a high-income economy with a very high standard of living. It keeps up a security and universal health care system. Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and part of the Schengen Area since 2007, Hungary is a member of the United Nations, NATO, WTO, World Bank, the AIIB, the Council of Europe and Visegrád Group. Well known for its cultural history, Hungary has been contributed significantly to arts, music, literature, sports and science. Hungary is the 11th most popular country as a tourist destination in Europe and it is home to the largest thermal water cave system, the second largest thermal lake in the world, the largest lake in Central Europe, and the largest natural grasslands in Europe. The H in the name of Hungary is most likely due to historical associations with the Huns. The rest of the word comes from the Latinized form of Medieval Greek Oungroi, according to an explanation the Greek name was borrowed from Proto-Slavic Ǫgǔri, in turn borrowed from Oghur-Turkic Onogur. Onogur was the name for the tribes who later joined the Bulgar tribal confederacy that ruled the eastern parts of Hungary after the Avars. The Hungarians likely belonged to the Onogur tribal alliance and it is possible they became its ethnic majority. The Hungarian endonym is Magyarország, composed of magyar and ország, the word magyar is taken from the name of one of the seven major semi-nomadic Hungarian tribes, magyeri
4.
Adidas
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Adidas AG is a German multinational corporation, headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Germany, that designs and manufactures shoes, clothing and accessories. It is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe, and the second biggest in the world, Adidas revenue for 2016 was listed at €19.29 billion. Adidas was registered on 18 August 1949 by Adolf Dassler, following a feud at the Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik company between him and his older brother Rudolf. Rudolf had earlier established Puma, which became the business rival of Adidas. The companys clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the motif is incorporated into Adidass current official logo. The brand name is uncapitalized and is stylized with a case a. Christoph Von Wilhelm Dassler was a worker in a shoe factory, after leaving school, their son, Rudolf Rudi Dassler, joined his father at the shoe factory. When he returned from fighting in World War I, Rudolf received a management position at a porcelain factory, Adolf Adi Dassler started to produce his own sports shoes in his mothers wash kitchen in Herzogenaurach after his return from World War I. In July 1924, his brother Rudolf returned to Herzogenaurach to join his brothers business. Following Owens haul of four medals, his success cemented the good reputation of Dassler shoes among the worlds most famous sportsmen. Letters from around the world landed on the desks. Business boomed and the Dasslers were selling 200,000 pairs of every year before World War II. After Rudolf was later picked up by American soldiers and accused of being a member of the Waffen SS, American occupying forces subsequently became major buyers of the Dassler brothers shoes. Although it is a urban myth that the name is an acronym for All Day I Dream About Sports. Puma and Adidas entered into a fierce and bitter rivalry after the split. Indeed, the town of Herzogenaurach was divided on the issue, even the towns two football clubs were divided, ASV Herzogenaurach club was supported by Adidas, while 1 FC Herzogenaurach endorsed Rudolfs footwear. When handymen were called to Rudolfs home, they would deliberately wear Adidas shoes, Rudolf would tell them to go to the basement and pick out a pair of free Pumas. The two brothers were never reconciled and although both are now buried in the cemetery, they are spaced as far apart as possible
5.
Away colours
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Away colours are a choice of coloured clothing used in team sports. They are required to be worn by one team during a game between teams that would wear the same colours as each other, or similar colours. This change prevents confusion for officials, players, and spectators, in most sports it is the visiting team that must change – second-choice kits are commonly known as away kits or change kits in British English, and road uniforms in American English. Some sports leagues mandate that teams must always wear an alternative kit. In some sports, conventionally the home team has changed its kit, in most cases, a team wears its away kit only when its primary kit would clash with the colours of the home team. However, sometimes teams wear away colours by choice, occasionally even in a home game, at some clubs, the away kit has become more popular than the home version. Replica home and away kits are available for fans to buy. Some teams also have produced third-choice kits, or even old-fashioned throwback uniforms, in American sports, road teams usually wear a change uniform regardless of a potential colour clash. Further, almost all road uniforms are white in American football, in the National Basketball Association, home uniforms are white or yellow, and visiting teams wear a darker colour. In the United States, color vs. color games are a rarity, most teams choose to wear their color jerseys at home, with the road team changing to white in most cases. White road uniforms gained prominence with the rise of television in the 1950s, a white vs. color game was easier to follow in black-and-white. According to Phil Hecken, until the mid 1950′s, not only was color versus color common in the NFL, even long after the advent of color television, the use of white jerseys has remained in almost every game. The NFLs current rules require that a home jerseys must be either white or official team color throughout the season. If a team insists on wearing its home uniforms on the road, the road team might instead wear a third jersey, such as the Seattle Seahawks Wolf Grey alternate. According to the Gridiron Uniform Database, the Cleveland Browns wore white for home game of the 1955 season. The only times they wore brown was for games at Philadelphia and the New York Giants, in 1964 the Baltimore Colts, Browns, Vikings and Rams wore white regularly for their home games according to Tim Brulias research. The St. Louis Cardinals wore white for several of their home games, until 1964 Dallas had worn blue at home, but it was not an official rule that teams should wear their colored jerseys at home. The use of white jerseys was instigated by general manager Tex Schramm, the Cowboys still wear white at home today
6.
Third jersey
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Alternate jerseys are also a means for professional sports organizations to generate revenue, by sales to fans. Of North American sports leagues, the NFL generates $1.2 billion annually in jersey sales, another use of the alternate uniform is for identifying with causes, like the Central Coast Mariners wear an alternate pink kit on pink ribbon day. Extra alternate uniforms or fourth/fifth kits are not commonly used, but are required when teams other uniforms cause color clashes. In cases where teams have more than three kits in the same season, the extra kits were usually recycled from previous seasons. Third-choice jerseys or uniforms are used in all four North American major professional sports leagues, Third kits are commonplace in professional European association football and in some professional European rugby union clubs. Alternate guernseys or jerseys are common in Australias two biggest domestic leagues, the Australian Football League and National Rugby League, for home and away jerseys in North America, historical convention has often dictated the colors used by teams in a given league. Teams generally have one jersey which is primarily in a team color, white at home is the convention in baseball, basketball, minor league professional hockey, and college hockey. White while away is the convention in football, major professional hockey. Association football does not have a white at home or a white while away convention, the NBA and NHL both enforce the color/white rule strictly, any NHL team seeking to wear white at home must get express permission from the league office to do so. In American sports, throwback jerseys are generally used for special team games. In American football a third jersey may be a uniform based on designs the team used in the past. In association football, meanwhile, it is commonly a radically different design. Initially, the NFL rule stated that a team may wear their third only once a year. There are currently no rules on wearing alternate pants, teams are also permitted to wear alternate jerseys as often as desired in playoff games, the only team to do so was the 2008 San Diego Chargers. Some teams will use one of their third jersey allotments against a particular division opponent each year. The New York Giants were known to wear their red jerseys at home against the Dallas Cowboys until the red jerseys were retired in 2009. The Washington Redskins wear their uniform on home games to commemorate their annual homecoming game once a year since 2012. When wearing their jerseys, especially if the team is wearing a throwback uniform
7.
Zalaegerszegi TE
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Zalaegerszegi Torna Egylet or just ZTE is a football club from the city of Zalaegerszeg in Hungary. They are best known for beating Manchester United F. C. 1–0 in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League qualifying stage, Zalaegerszeg has won one Hungarian League title. ZTE traces its roots back to 1912, at the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and its first match was a 4–2 defeat to a team from Vasvár. The team was first composed of members of a literary and debating society, ZTE flourished under coach József Vadász, but World War I halted its progress. In 1920, Zalaegerszegi TE, or Gymanistics Club of Zalaegerszeg, was born and they were defeated in their debut match, losing 2–1 to AK Szombathely on August 21,1920, but were motivated by a crowd of over 2,000 fans. ZTEs league history began in 1924, when joined the Hungarian second division. The club won the title a decade later and entered the top flight in 1934, however, the start of World War II under the regime of Admiral Miklós Horthy saw ZTEs field and equipment confiscated. After the war, in 1957, ZTE merged with two local teams, signalling the rebirth of the club. From then on to the 1990s, however, ZTE did not really challenge the Hungarian title much, the league was dominated by Budapest club Ferencvárosi TC. In 1994, ZTE managed to gain a foothold on the Hungarian first division. In the 2000s the club reached their zenith by winning the Hungarian League for the first time in the club history, in the 2001–02 season Zalaegrszeg finished second in the first stage of the championship gaining 61 points while Budapest rivals MTK Budapest FC64 points. In the championship play-off Zalaegerszeg could secure their first title by gaining 71 points, péter Bozsiks team could overtake Budapest rivals Ferencváros and MTK Budapest. Krisztián Kenesei and Gábor Egressy were the key figures of the team by scoring 37 goals. In the 2002–03 Zalaegerszeg could not finish in the first six teams of the first stage of the Hungarian League therefore they could play in the relegation play-off as reigning champions and they finished first in the relegation play-off but it was a real disappointement for the former champion. In the following seasons ZTE came 9th, 6th and 11th, in the 2002–03 UEFA Champions League qualifying phase Zalaegerszeg defeated Croatian champions NK Zagreb on away goals. The first match was played in Zalaegerszeg and the club won it by 1–0, the only goal was scored by Darko Ljubojević. In the second leg Zagreb was winning by 2–0 when in the 87th minute Zalaegerszeg was awarded a penalty which was scored by Flórián Urbán, ZTE beat Zagreb on away goals. In the third qualifying round Zalaegerszeg faced with the English giant club Manchester United, in the first leg, ZTE provided a stunning shock by winning 1–0 in Hungary with a last minute goal from Béla Koplárovics
8.
Magyar Kupa
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The Hungarian Cup is the Hungarian cup competition for football clubs. It has been started by the Hungarian Football Association, the Magyar Labdarúgó Szövetség in 1909, eight years after the commencement of the Hungarian League, besides all of the professional clubs of Hungary numerous amateur sides take part every year. These have to qualify through local cup competitions, most successful participant in the Magya Kupa has been the Ferencvarosi TC with 21 wins, followed by the local rivals from MTK Hungária FC with 12 cups. The current holder is Ferencvarosi TC, although the first Hungarian League match was played in 1901, the first Hungarian Cup match was played eight years later in 1910 between MTK Budapest FC and Budapesti TC. The first era of the Magyar Kupa was dominated by the clubs as in the Hungarian League, MTK Budapest FC. In the 1910s MTK won 4 trophies, while Ferencváros only 1, however, in the 1920s Ferencváros won 3 other titles, whereas MTK2 cups. The only club who could interrupt the Ferencvárosi TC-MTK Budapest FC rivalry were Kispesti AC in 1926, in the 1930s new clubs could conquer the Magyar cup and two of them were outside Budapest. In 1930 Bocskai FC and in 1934 Soroksár FC, the traditional clubs won three trophies, Ferencváros in 1933 and 1935, while MTK in 1932. The 1940s were dominated by Ferencváros by winning the cup in a three seasons, 1941-42, 1942-43, and 1943-44. Ferencváross dominance was interrupted by Szolnoki MÁV FC by winning the 1940-41 season, due to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, the Magyar Kupa was held only three times in the 1950s. In 1969 Újpesti Dózsa SC became cup winners for the first time after losing five finals, the 1970s were dominated by Budapest clubs. Ferencváros won four times, Újpest won twice, and Vasas SC won once, however, the 1976-77 season was won by Diósgyőri VTK. This was the first time when the cup finals was in a round-robin tournament, in the 1980s Újpesti Dózsa SC won three trophies, while Budapest Honvéd SE could lift the cup twice. In the 1990s Ferencvárosi TC won the cup four times, in 1999 Debreceni VSC won their first cup trophy. In the early 2000s the Magyar Kupa was dominated by Debrecen by winning three trophies in 2001,2008,2010, in the 2010s the dominance of the non-Budapest clubs continued. Debrecen managed to clinch the cup twice in the 2011-12 and in the 2012-13 seasons while Kecskemét could lift the trophy in the 2010-11 season, however, Újpest surprisingly won the 2013-14 season while the rebuilt Ferencváros in 2014-15 season. Notes, Note 1, In 1912, Ferencvárosi TC did not play, Note 2, Final from 1956 held in 1958. Note 3, Final from 1977 played in Group-Format, notes, Note 4, Includes Ferencváros FC Note 5, Includes MTK, MTK-VM, Hungária and Bástya
9.
Lotto Sport Italia
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Lotto Sport Italia is an Italian sportswear manufacturer. Its products are now distributed in more than 60 countries, Lotto was established in 1973 by the Caberlotto family in Montebelluna, northern Italy, the world centre of footwear manufacturing. In June 1973, Lotto made its debut as a footwear manufacturer. Tennis shoes signaled the beginning of production, followed by models for basketball, volleyball, athletics, sports clothing was the companys next venture. In the first ten years, Lotto focused on the Italian market, during its first decade, corporate strategy concentrated on making tennis footwear and clothing, and early on sponsored big names from the professional tennis circuit. In the 1980s, Lotto moved on to broaden its business base by competing among the group of manufacturers of football boots. Lotto began to create its first football boot models and signed major collaboration agreements with renowned players. Tennis players John Newcombe, Andrés Gómez and José Luis Clerc wore the brands tennis products, the first sponsorship agreements in football were signed with players and teams, such as Milan, the Dutch national team, Napoli, Juventus, Chievo and Spanish club Real Zaragoza. Professional footballers provided input in both the design and fine-tuning of the products and this involvement together with the athletes public images helped make the company a leader in tennis and football. During this same period, Lotto expanded into the export market, ten years later, the brand was being distributed in more than 60 countries around the world. In June 1999, the company was taken over by a group of business people who were already very active in the sports area. The company was renamed Lotto Sport Italia, the company is pushing the development of corner and flagship stores, which are now widespread in Italy and in other countries. Excludes articles found in Category, Sporting goods manufacturers of Italy, sergio Tacchini Ukraine national football team Lotto Sport Italia
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László Domonyai
