Vegemite is a thick, dark brown Australian food spread made from leftover brewers' yeast extract with various vegetable and spice additives. It was developed by Cyril Callister in Melbourne, Victoria in 1922; the Vegemite brand was owned by Mondelez International until January 2017, when it was acquired by the Australian Bega Cheese group in a US$460,000,000 agreement for full Australian ownership after Bega would buy most of Mondelez International's Australia and New Zealand grocery and cheese business. A spread for sandwiches, toast and cracker biscuits as well as a filling for pastries, Vegemite is similar to British Marmite, New Zealand Marmite, Australian Promite, MightyMite, AussieMite, OzEmite, German Vitam-R, Swiss Cenovis. Vegemite is salty bitter and rich in glutamates – giving it an umami flavour similar to beef bouillon, it is vegan and halal. In 1919, following the disruption of British Marmite imports after World War I and prior to the introduction of Vegemite, Callister's employer, the Australian company Fred Walker & Co. gave him the task of developing a spread from the used yeast being dumped by breweries.

Callister had been hired by the chairman Fred Walker. Vegemite was registered as a trademark in Australia that same year. Callister used autolysis to break down the yeast cells from waste obtained from the Carlton & United brewery. Concentrating the clear liquid extract and blending with salt and onion extracts formed a sticky black paste. Following a competition to find a name for the new spread, the name "Vegemite" was selected by Fred Walker's daughter, Sheilah. Vegemite first appeared on the market in 1923 with advertising emphasising the value of Vegemite to children's health but failed to sell well. Faced with growing competition from Marmite, from 1928 to 1935 the product was renamed as "Parwill" to make use of the advertising slogan "Marmite but Parwill", a convoluted pun on the new name and that of its competitor; this attempt to expand market share was unsuccessful and the name was changed back to Vegemite, but did not recover lost market share. In 1925, Walker had established the Kraft Walker Cheese Co. as a joint venture company with J.

L. Kraft & Bros to market processed cheese and, following the failure of Parwill, in 1935 he used the success of Kraft Walker Cheese to promote Vegemite. In a two-year campaign to promote sales, Vegemite was given away free with Kraft Walker cheese products and this was followed by poetry competitions with imported American Pontiac cars being offered as prizes. Sales responded and in 1939 Vegemite was endorsed by the British Medical Association as a rich source of B vitamins. Rationed in Australia during World War II, Vegemite was included in Australian Army rations and by the late 1940s was used in nine out of ten Australian homes. In April 1984, a 115-gram jar of Vegemite became the first product in Australia to be electronically scanned at a checkout. Vegemite is produced in Australia at Bega Cheese's Port Melbourne manufacturing facility, which produces more than 22 million jars per year. Unchanged from Callister's original recipe, Vegemite now far outsells Marmite and other similar spreads in Australia.

The billionth jar of Vegemite was produced in October 2008. Vegemite was produced in New Zealand for over 50 years, but as of August 2006 New Zealand production had ceased. A common way of eating Vegemite is on toasted bread with a layer of margarine. Only a small amount of Vegemite is required due to its strong flavour. A Vegemite sandwich may consist of two slices of buttered bread and cheese, but other ingredients such as lettuce and tomato can be added as well. Vegemite can be used as a filling for pastries, such as the cheesymite scroll, or it may be used in more exotic dishes; the official Vegemite website contains several recipes using Vegemite in foods such as pasta, pizzas and ice cream. Limited quantities of kosher Vegemite were first produced in the 1980s. Around 2009, Kraft contracted with the Kashrut Authority in New South Wales for their kashrut supervision services, by 2010, all jars and tubes of ordinary Vegemite were labelled with the authority's stamp. In 2010, Vegemite received halal certification.

While the makers of Vegemite have long claimed that Vegemite was suitable for vegans, it was not until World Vegan Day 2019 that it received vegan certification from the Vegan Australia Certified program. A Vegemite nutritionist said that "the spread had always been a fitting choice for vegans". Vegemite is one of the richest sources of B vitamins thiamine, riboflavin and folate. Unlike Marmite and some other yeast extracts, the base version contains no vitamin B12 although both B6 and vitamin B12 are added to the low-salt formulation; the main ingredient of Vegemite is yeast extract, which contains a high concentration of glutamic acid, the source of Vegemite's rich umami flavour. Vegemite does not contain any fat, added animal content, it contains gluten. Vegemite contains 3.45% sodium, which equates to a salt content of 8.6%. Australia only defines low salt foods, but by UK standards Vegemite is classified as a high salt content food; the low-salt version of Vegemite with a distinctive pale orange lid was introduced to the Australian domestic market in September 2014, offering a 25% reduction in sodium content.

The low-salt version is fortified with vitamins B6 and vitamin B1

Bud Browne was an American early pioneer surf film maker. He was the first filmmaker to show surf movies commercially. Browne was captain of the swim team at the University of Southern California in 1933, he learned to surf during his time in Venice, California. He began filming surfing in the 1940s while visiting Hawaii. Bud Browne was born in Newtonville, Massachusetts on July 14, 1912 and died in San Luis Obispo, California on July 25, 2008, he moved to Los Angeles in 1931 and attended the University of Southern California, competing in collegiate swimming and became the captain of the team. In 1938, after graduating from the University, Browne obtained a job as a life guard, his time in this new occupation however, was short lived because he was soon enlisted into the Navy during World War II. While at war, he taught many Marines how to swim. After the war, he again received a job as a lifeguard and was given the nickname "Barracuda" because of his reputation as being one of the best body surfers of his time.

While serving as a lifeguard in the late 1940s, Browne began filming body surfers. Realizing his potential, Browne went back to the University of South Carolina in the early 1950s to attend film school. While on a surfing expedition with Duke Kahanamoku in Waikiki, Hawaii in 1953, he made his inaugural film, Hawaiian Surfing Movies; the debut of his first film took place at John Adams Junior High School in Santa Monica, California to an audience of about 500 people. Because it was a silent film, Bud narrated the entirety of the film using the school's PA system. Over the next 11 years, Bud Browne would produce a movie each year, which all abided by the same basic structure: a montage of surfing action in either California or Hawaii followed by a few on the road moments between excursions; the entire process of Browne's film making protocol was cheap, costing around five thousand dollars to film and produce. Bud Browne, along with filming all of the footage functioned as a one-man production and editing crew.

After piecing many shots together to create a fluid film he would promote his films by driving to the coast of California and setting up tents where he would show his films for little cost. As Browne started to gain publicity and profit in the early 1960s, he was able to hire DJs to ship his films to the east coast of the United States and further out, to parts of Europe and Australia. Browne's strong swimming skills provided useful in being able to shoot while in the water; as much as his shots were taken in the water, Browne developed his own waterproof camera and waterproof wetsuit. These innovations allowed Browne to stay in the water and film for hours at a time. Among Browne's accomplishments is the pipeline shot that views a wave as it is crashing over top of the surfer, creating a water tunnel. Browne was the first of many film makers that followed in similar fashions such as Jon Severson and Greg Noll. Although Bud Browne never made much money off of the films that he created, it caused no hindrance on his projects: "It was always worthwhile for me because I got such a big hoot out of everyone enjoying the films”.

Hawaiian Surfing Movie Hawaiian Surf Movie Trek to Makaha The Big Surf Surf Down Under Cat on a Hot Foam Board Surf Happy Spinning Boards Cavalcade of Surf Gun Ho! Locked In! You'll Dance in Tahiti Going Surfin'. Bud Browne Film Archives Bud Browne on IMDb Bud Browne on legendarysurfers.com Bud Browne on surfline.com Bud Browne on surfhistory.com Movie posters on surfclassics.com Bud Browne on clubofthewaves.com

The 1958 USA–USSR Track and Field Dual Meet was an international track and field competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. The first in a series of meetings between the nations, it was held in 27 and 28 July in Moscow and finished with Soviet Union beating the United States 172:170; the meet. Turrini, Joseph M. "It Was Communism Versus the Free World": The USA-USSR Dual Track Meet Series and the Development of Track and Field in the United States, 1958-1985. Journal of Sport History, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 427–471. Retrieved 2019-07-16; the Cold War Track Series 1958-1965. Racing Past. Retrieved 2019-07-16. Лёгкая атлетика. Справочник / Составитель Р. В. Орлов. — М.: «Физкультура и спорт», 1983. — С. 155—178, 385. Матчи СССР — США // Лёгкая атлетика. Энциклопедия / Авторы-составители В. Б. Зеличёнок, В. Н. Спичков, В. Л. Штейнбах. — М.: «Человек», 2012. — Т. 1. — С. 623. — ISBN 978-5-904885-80-9

Nijiya Market is a Japanese supermarket chain in America, with locations in California and Hawaii. Its corporate headquarters is in California; the store's rainbow logo is intended to represent a bridge between the United States. Founded in 1986 by Japanese immigrant Saburomaru Tsujino, Nijiya Market opened its first store in San Diego, California. Since its inception, it has offered a large variety of Japanese food products. In addition, Nijiya sells organic vegetables grown on its own 100-acre organic farm in Rainbow, created an internship program, established its own brand under which rice, dashi and other Japanese food products are made. Nijiya Market operates 12 stores in California and Hawaii. Among its locations are sites in San Francisco's Japantown, San Jose's Japantown, Los Angeles' Little Tokyo. A Nijiya store that had operated in Hartsdale, New York closed in 2018. Nijiya Market publishes Gochiso Magazine, quarterly in Japanese and annually in English, which introduces Nijiya's products along with traditional Japanese recipes and articles covering the history of Japanese food culture.

It is through Gochiso and its business operations that Nijiya participates in the practice of shokuiku. Nijiya Market home page Nijiya's Gochiso Magazine

The National Museum of Cinema located in Turin, Italy, is a motion picture museum fitted out inside the Mole Antonelliana tower. It is operated by the Maria Adriana Prolo Foundation, the core of its collection is the result of the work of the historian and collector Maria Adriana Prolo, it was housed in the Palazzo Chiablese. In 2008, with 532,196 visitors, it reached the thirteenth place among the most visited Italian museums; the museum houses pre-cinematographic optical devices such as magic lanterns and current film technologies, stage items from early Italian movies and other memorabilia. Along the exhibition path of about 35.000 square feet on five levels, it is possible to visit some areas devoted to the different kinds of film crew, in the main hall, fitted in the temple hall of the Mole, a series of chapels representing several film genres. The museum keeps a huge and growing collection of film posters, a library: at present it includes 20,000 devices and printed artworks, more than 80,000 pictures, over 300,000 film posters, 12,000 movie reels and 26,000 books.

A movie screen located in the Massimo multiplex, near to the museum, is reserved to retrospectives and other museum initiatives. The museum hosts several film festivals, the major and most prestigious of them being the Torino Film Festival. Inside the museum there is a panoramic elevator with transparent glass walls, that cover its 75 meters ride in 59 seconds, in the single open space span of the building, without middle floors, up to the "small temple" which gives a 360 degrees panoramic view of the city, it is the museum with the biggest vertical extension of the world

Mindfighter is a text adventure game developed by British studio Abstract Concepts and published by Activision in 1988 for the Commodore Amiga, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, Amstrad PCW, Atari ST, MS-DOS, the ZX Spectrum computers. The premise of the game is a prophecy by Nostradamus that at the end of the 20th century there would be a major world war, beginning somewhere in the Middle East; the game was produced at a time of escalating violence in the Persian Gulf due to the Iran–Iraq War. The year is 1988 and Robin, an 11-year-old boy with unusual psychic powers, has awoken from a long sleep among the ruins of his former home in Southampton, devastated by a nuclear war; the last thing he remembers is falling asleep as normal in his room. His family and friends are missing and Britain has become an ultra-rightist state. In reality, Robin is living in 1987 and this is a vision of the future. Robin has fallen into a trance from wake, he must somehow discover the causes of the disaster that will befall the world, awake to warn his contemporaries of their possible fate.

The game is a text adventure with basic graphics to set the scene. The package includes a 160-page book, Mindfighter by Anna Popkess, which lays out the background of the story, provides hints for play; the player must guide Robin through the hazardous environment of post-apocalyptic Southampton, surviving famine, desperate mobs, radiation sickness, the violent agents of "The System", the dictatorial government which now governs Britain. Robin must survive and somehow prevent the war from happening. Your Sinclair: "It's a golden age for Spectrum adventuring..." Sinclair User: "An intriguing story. May send shivers down your spine!" Mindfighter at Atari Mania Mindfighter at SpectrumComputing.co.uk Mindfighter at Lemon Amiga Mindfighter at Lemon 64