Vehicle audio

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"Car radio" redirects here. For the Twenty One Pilots song, see Car Radio (song).
A DIN head unit with radio and CD

Vehicle audio is equipment installed in a car or other vehicle to provide in-car entertainment and information for the vehicle occupants. Until the 1950s it consisted of a simple AM radio. Additions since then have included FM radio (1952), 8-Track tape players, Cassette Players, CD players (1984), DVD players, Blu-ray players, navigation systems, Bluetooth telephone integration, and smartphone controllers like CarPlay and Android Auto. Once controlled from the dashboard with a few buttons, they can now be controlled by steering wheel controls and voice commands.

Initially implemented for listening to music and radio, vehicle audio is now part of car telematics, telecommunication, in-vehicle security, handsfree calling, navigation, and remote diagnostics systems. It is also used to create fake engine noise.[1] For the 2015 Ford Mustang EcoBoost, an "Active Noise Control" system was developed that amplifies the engine sound through the car speakers. A similar system is used in the F-150 pickup truck. Volkswagen uses a Soundaktor, a special speaker to play sounds in cars such as the Golf GTi and Beetle Turbo. BMW plays a recorded sample of its motors through the car speakers, using a different samples according to the engine’s load and power.[2]

History[edit]

1937 Philips Auto Radio. Weighing 24 kg and taking 8 litres of space, it was floor mounted with a wired remote control to be fitted to the dashboard.

In 1904, well before commercially viable technology for mobile radio was in place, American inventor and self-described "Father of Radio" Lee de Forest did some demonstration around a car radio at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis.[3]

Around 1920, vacuum tube technology had matured to the point where the availability of radio receivers made radio broadcasting viable.[4] A technical challenge was that the vacuum tubes in the radio receivers required 50 to 250 volt direct current but car batteries ran at 6V. Voltage was stepped up with a vibrator that provided a pulsating DC which could be converted to a higher voltage with a transformer, rectified, and filtered to create higher-voltage DC.

In 1924, Kelly's Motors in NSW, Australia, installed its first car radio.[5][6][7]

In 1930, the American Galvin Manufacturing Corporation marketed a Motorola branded radio receiver for $130.[8] It was expensive: the contemporary Ford Model A cost $540. A Plymouth sedan, "wired for Philco Transistone radio without extra cost," is advertised in Ladies' Home Journal in 1931. In 1932 in Germany the Blaupunkt AS 5 medium wave and longwave radio was marketed for 465 Reichsmark, about one third of the price of a small car. Because it took nearly 10 litres of space, it could not be located near the driver, and was operated via a steering wheel remote control.[9] In 1933 Crossley Motors offer a factory fitted car radio.[10] By the late 1930s, push button AM radios were considered a standard feature. In 1946 there were an estimated 9 million AM car radios in use.[11]

An FM receiver was offered by Blaupunkt in 1952. In 1953, Becker introduced the AM/FM Becker Mexico with a Variometer tuner, basically a station-search or scan function.[12]

In April 1955, the Chrysler Corporation had announced that it was offering a Mopar model 914HR branded Philco all transistor car radio,[13] as a $150 option for its 1956 Chrysler and Imperial car models. Chrysler Corporation had decided to discontinue its all transistor car radio option at the end of 1956, due to it being too expensive, and replaced it with a cheaper hybrid (transistors and low voltage vacuum tubes) car radio for its new 1957 car models.[14] In 1963 Becker introduced the Monte Carlo, a tubeless solid state radio, with no vacuum tubes.[12]

In 1964 Philips launched the Compact Cassette, and in 1965 Ford and Motorola jointly introduced the 8-track tape in-car tape player. In subsequent years cassettes supplanted the 8-track, and improved with longer play times, better tape quality, auto-reverse, and Dolby noise reduction. They were popular throughout the 1970s and '80s. While the CD had been on the market since 1982, it was in 1984 that Pioneer introduced the CDX-1, the world's first car CD player. It was known for its improved sound quality, instant track skipping and the formats increased durability over cassette tapes. Due to the ability that allowed drivers and passengers to change up to 10 CD's at a time, car CD changers started to gain popularity in the late 80s and continuing throughout the 90s.[15] Stock and aftermarket compact disc players began appearing in the late 1980s, competing with the cassette. The first car with an OEM CD player was the 1987 Lincoln Town Car, and the last new cars in the American market to be factory-equipped with a cassette deck in the dashboard was the 2010 Lexus SC430,[16] and the Ford Crown Victoria.[17]

From 1974 to 2005 the Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem was used by the German ARD network.[18] Developed jointly by the Institut für Rundfunktechnik and Blaupunkt,[19] it indicated the presence of traffic announcements through manipulation of the 57kHz subcarrier of the station's FM signal.[20] ARI was replaced by the Radio Data System.[21]

In the 2010s new ways to play music came into competition with the CD and FM radio such as internet radio, satellite radio, USB and Bluetooth, and in-dash slots for memory card. And the automobile head unit became increasingly important as a housing for front and backup dashcams, navis, and operating systems with multiple functions, such as Android Auto, CarPlay and MirrorLink.

Components and terms[edit]

Stock system is the OEM application that the vehicle's manufacturer specified to be installed when the car was built.

Aftermarket components can also be used.

Amplifiers increase the power level of audio signals. Some head units have built-in stereo amplifiers. Other car audio systems use a separate stand-alone amplifier. Every amplifier has a rated power level sometimes noted on the head unit with the built in amplifier, or on the label of a stand-alone unit.

  • Car speakers and subwoofers.
  • Damping: sound deadening material is often used in the door cavities and boot/trunk area to damp excess vibration of the panels in the car in response to loud subwoofer bass tones, especially the boot/trunk.

Legality[edit]

Extremely loud sound systems in automobiles may violate the noise ordinance of some municipalities, some of which have outlawed them.[22] In 2002 the U.S. Department of Justice issued a guide to police officers on how to deal with problems associated with loud audio systems in cars.[23]

Gallery[edit]

  • 1955: World's first All-Transistor car radio - Chrysler Mopar 914HR / Philco model C-5690

  • A 1950s Philips car radio using both transistor and valves

  • GM Delco Transistorized "Hybrid" (vacuum tubes and transistors), first offered as an option on the 1956 Chevrolet Corvette car models.

  • A car stereo head unit in a dashboard

  • 1942 Lincoln Continental Cabriolet radio

  • Dashboard of VW Hebmüller with Telefunken Radio (1949/50)

  • 1964 Mercedes-Benz W110 190c dashboard with original FM Blaupunkt "Frankfurt" head unit.

  • BLAUPUNKT Köln Radio - German 1958 FORD Taunus 17M P2 deLuxe

  • 1990 Ford Sierra CLX Radio-Cassette head unit in a dashboard with cassette storage

  • 1978 AMC Matador sedan factory AM-FM-stereo-8-track unit with album by The Blues Brothers

  • A set of speaker drivers removed from a passenger vehicle

  • A car audio amplifier

  • Two 10-inch sub-woofers in the trunk of a car

  • As technology keeps evolving, head units are now paired with climate control system and other essentials. They are now equipped with anti-theft system for protection purposes.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Harwell, Drew (2015-01-21). "America's best-selling cars and trucks are built on lies: The rise of fake engine noise". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  2. ^ "The Rise of the Fake Engine Roar". Popular Mechanics. 2012-08-02. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
  3. ^ Radiomuseum.org Accessed February 16, 2018
  4. ^ Guarnieri, M. (2012). "The age of vacuum tubes: the conquest of analog communications". IEEE Ind. Electron. M.: 52–54. doi:10.1109/MIE.2012.2193274.
  5. ^ "Car History 4U - History of the Car Radio in Motor Cars / Automobiles". 2012-12-09. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  6. ^ "Lessons of history inform ACMA thinking today: RadComms Conference". Radio info. 30 April 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  7. ^ "10 Aussie Auto Facts You Probably Didn't Know | AutoGuru". www.autoguru.com.au. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  8. ^ "The History of Car Radios". Car and Driver. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
  9. ^ "BLAUPUNKT:  Success Story". www.blaupunkt.com. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  10. ^ Harding (ed) (1977). Guinness book of car facts and feats. London: Guinness Superlatives. ISBN 0-900424-54-0.
  11. ^ "When the Car Radio Was Introduced, People Freaked Out". MentalFloss. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
  12. ^ a b "The History of the Car Stereo". PCMAG. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  13. ^ "Mopar 914-HR Ch= C-5690HR Car Radio Philco, Philadelphia". www.radiomuseum.org. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  14. ^ Hirsh, Rick. "Philco's All-Transistor Mopar Car Radio". Allpar.com. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  15. ^ "The Evolution of Playing Music in Your Car1980s-1990s: The Rise of the CD". Complex CA. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
  16. ^ Williams, Stephen (2011-02-04). "For Car Cassette Decks, Play Time Is Over". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  17. ^ "The in car cassette deck lives on for one more year".
  18. ^ "Institut für Rundfunktechnik Historic Milestones". Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  19. ^ "March 2009: RDS is now 25 – the complete history" (PDF). Geneva, Switzerland: The RDS Forum. 2009-03-27. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 7, 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  20. ^ EP 1432157 
  21. ^ "Das Autofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem wird abgeschaltet" (in German). Regensburg, Germany: ShortNews GmbH & Co. KG. 2005-02-28. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
  22. ^ "Boom Cars, Noise Free America". Noisefree.org. Archived from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  23. ^ Scott, Michael S. (May 22, 2002). Loud Car Stereos (PDF). U.S. Department of Justice, Community Oriented Policing Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
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