The Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903 was a naval blockade imposed against Venezuela by Great Britain, Germany, and Italy from December 1902 to February 1903, after President Cipriano Castro refused to p
Engraving by Willy Stöwer depicting the blockade
Cipriano Castro and his war cabinet in 1902
Caricature of Cipriano Castro, by William Allen Rogers, published in the New York Herald, in January 1903
US President Theodore Roosevelt (1903)
The Restorative Liberal Revolution, also known as the Invasion of the 60 due to the number of men with whom the movement began, was an expedition of Venezuelans exiled in Colombia under the command of
Entrance of Cipriano Castro in Caracas in 1899