1.
Hugo (film)
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Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan. Based on Brian Selznicks book The Invention of Hugo Cabret, it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s. Hugo is Scorseses first film shot in 3D, of which the filmmaker remarked, I found 3D to be really interesting and their slightest move, their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely. The film was released in the United States on November 23,2011 and it was also nominated for eight BAFTAs, winning two, and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards, earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director. The film grossed $185 million against a budget of $150–$170 million, in 1931, 12-year-old Hugo Cabret lives in Paris with his father, a widowed but kind clockmaker who also works at a museum. One day, his father finds a broken automaton, a man designed to write with a pen, at the museum. Hugo attempts to repair the automaton with stolen parts, believing it contains a message from his father, Hugo is caught when stealing from the toy store owner Georges, who looks through his fathers notebook and threatens to destroy it. Hugo encounters Georges goddaughter Isabelle, who offers to help get the notebook back, Hugo learns Georges has forbidden Isabelle from going to the cinema, and introduces the medium to her as his father had done for him. As their friendship grows, he shows her the automaton, and is surprised when Isabelle inadvertently reveals she wears the key as a given to her by Georges. When started, the machine draws out a scene that Hugo recognizes from his fathers description of the film A Trip to the Moon, Isabelle identifies the signature, that of a Georges Méliès, as her godfather. She sneaks Hugo into her home, where they find a cache of more imaginative drawings of Méliès, but are caught by Georges. Hugo and Isabelle go to the Film Academy Library and find a book about the history of cinema that praises Méliès contributions. They meet the author, René Tabard, a film expert who is surprised to hear that Méliès may still be alive. Excited at the chance to him, René agrees to meet Isabelle and Hugo at Georges home to show his copy of A Trip to the Moon. On the scheduled night, Georges wife Jeanne tries to turn away, but René compliments Jeanne as Jeanne dAlcy, an actress in many of Méliès films. As the film plays, Georges wakes up at the sight and he laments that even an automaton he made that he donated to a museum was lost. Hugo recognizes this is the same automaton he has, and races to the station to retrieve it and he is caught by Gustave, who has learned that Claudes body was found some time ago, and threatens to take Hugo to the orphanage. Georges arrives and tells Gustave that he will now see to Hugo, some time later, Georges is named a professor at the Film Academy, and is paid tribute through a showcase of his films recovered by René
2.
Clifton, New Jersey
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Clifton is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. Clifton was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 26,1917, replacing Acquackanonk Township, Clifton is listed under five different ZIP Codes. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 11.397 square miles. Clifton is located 10 miles west of New York City off both Route 3 and Route 46, the city is also served by the Garden State Parkway, Route 19 and Route 21. As of the census of 2010, there were 84,136 people,30,661 households, the population density was 7,472.0 per square mile. There were 31,946 housing units at a density of 2,837.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 69. 63% White,4. 92% Black or African American,0. 50% Native American,8. 90% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,12. 44% from other races, and 3. 59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31. 92% of the population,26. 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the family size was 3.33. In the city, the population was out with 22. 0% under the age of 18,8. 8% from 18 to 24,28. 3% from 25 to 44,27. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38.4 years, for every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 90.4 males, the Census Bureaus 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $62,271 and the median family income was $76,070. Males had an income of $49,780 versus $40,149 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,812, about 7. 2% of families and 9. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15. 5% of those under age 18 and 9. 3% of those age 65 or over. Same-sex couples headed 243 households in 2010, as of the 2000 United States Census there were 78,672 people,30,244 households, and 20,354 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,965.2 people per square mile, there were 31,060 housing units at an average density of 2,749.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 66. 22% White,2. 89% African American,0. 24% Native American,6. 44% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,9. 60% from other races, and 4. 57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19. 84% of the population,27. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
3.
Ukrainian Americans
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Ukrainian Americans are Americans who are of Ukrainian ancestry. According to U. S. census estimates, in 2006 there were 961,113 Americans of Ukrainian descent representing 0. 33% of the American population. The Ukrainian population of the United States is thus the second largest outside the former Soviet Union, the first Ukrainian immigrant to America, Ivan Bohdan, sailed with John Smith to the Jamestown colony in 1607. Bohdan met captain Smith during the time when the latter had fought the Turks, was captured, and escaped captivity by fleeing through Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, large scale Ukrainian immigration to America did not begin, however, until the 1880s. From 1955 to 1965, St. Andrew Memorial Church in South Bound Brook, the largest wave of Ukrainians came in the early 1990s, after the fall of the Soviet Union. A large number those emigrating from Ukraine after the fall of the Soviet Union were Jewish, many Ukrainians of the newest immigration wave migrated to large cities and regional centers, creating ethnic enclaves. In addition, many Ukrainian Americans have come by way of Canada, on September 21,2015, in Bloomingdale, near Chicago, the first North American monument to the Heavenly Hundred was solemnly unveiled. As of the 2000 U. S. Census, there were 892,922 Americans of full or partial Ukrainian descent, the New York City Metropolitan Area contains by far the largest Ukrainian community in the United States, receiving the highest legal permanent resident Ukrainian immigrant population. The American states with the largest Ukrainian populations are as follows, to Preserve A Heritage, The Story of the Ukrainian Immigration in the United States. The Ukrainian Experience in the United States, A Symposium, Sources and Documents, Cambridge, harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, ISBN 0-916458-04-0 Alex Lushnycky, Ukrainians of Greater Philadelphia, ISBN 978-0-7385-5040-4 Myron B
4.
Syracuse University
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Syracuse University, commonly referred to as Syracuse, Cuse, or SU, is a private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States. The institutions roots can be traced to the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded in 1831 by the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, after several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was established in 1870, independent of the college. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church, the campus is in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills. Its large campus features a mix of buildings, ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque Revival structures to contemporary buildings. Syracuse University athletic teams, known as the Orange, participate in 20 intercollegiate sports, SU is a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference for all NCAA Division I athletics, except for the mens rowing and womens ice hockey teams. SU is also a member of the Eastern College Athletic Conference, the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary was founded in 1831 by the Genesee Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Lima, New York, south of Rochester. In 1850, it was resolved to enlarge the institution from a seminary into a college, or to connect a college with the seminary, however, the location was soon thought by many to be insufficiently central. Its difficulties were compounded by the set of technological changes. The trustees of the college then decided to seek a locale whose economic. Meanwhile, there were years of dispute between the Methodist ministers, Lima, and contending cities across the state, over proposals to move Genesee College to Syracuse. At the time, the ministers wanted a share of the funds from the Morrill Land Grant Act for Genesee College and they agreed to a quid pro quo donation of $25,000 from Senator Cornell in exchange for their support for his bill. Cornell insisted the bargain be written into the bill and Cornell became New York States Land Grant University in 1865. In 1869, Genesee College obtained New York State approval to move to Syracuse, but Lima got an injunction to block the move. By that time, however, the injunction had been made moot by the founding of a new university on March 24,1870. On that date the State of New York granted the new Syracuse University its own charter, the City of Syracuse had offered $100,000 to establish the school. Bishop Jesse Truesdell Peck had donated $25,000 to the school and was elected the first president of the Board of Trustees. Rev. Daniel Steele, a former Genesee College president, served as the first administrative leader of Syracuse until its Chancellor was appointed, the university opened in September 1871 in rented space downtown. George F. Comstock, a member of the new Universitys Board of Trustees, had offered the school 50 acres of farmland on a hillside to the southeast of the city center
5.
Taking Sides (play)
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Harwood drew inter alia on a detailed diary kept by Furtwängler of his interrogation sessions. Although the investigation that is the focus of the resulted in formal charges being brought against Furtwängler. The original West End theatre production was performed at the Criterion Theatre in Piccadilly Circus and it starred Daniel Massey as Wilhelm Furtwängler and Michael Pennington as Major Steve Arnold. Massey was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in 1996 for his role as Furtwängler, harwood was also nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play. The cast had performed the play at the Minerva Theatre in Chichester. It premiered there on May 18,1995, the play then transferred to the West End and premiered on July 3,1995. When the play transferred to Broadway for a run in 1996, Ed Harris took over the role of Major Steve Arnold. The first of 15 previews of the production commenced on October 4,1996,85 performances of the play were shown before the production closed on December 29,1996. For his performance in the role of Furtwängler, Massey was nominated for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play, in 2001, the play was adapted into a motion picture of the same name, directed by Hungarian director István Szabó. Harwood wrote the screenplay for the film himself, Taking Sides premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 13,2001, and was released to cinemas in the US and UK on September 5,2003 and November 21,2003, respectively. The film stars Harvey Keitel as Major Steve Arnold and Stellan Skarsgård as Furtwängler, Taking Sides on Playbill Vault Taking Sides on the Internet Broadway Database
6.
Fox Broadcasting Company
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The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. It is the third largest major network in the world based on total revenues, assets. Launched on October 9,1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks, Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets, although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U. S. network. Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U. S, the network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studios predecessors, Fox Film. Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters, 20th Century Fox had been involved in television production as early as the 1950s, producing several syndicated programs. Following the demise of the DuMont Television Network in August of that year after it became mired in financial problems. 20th Century Fox would also produce original content for the NTA network, KTTV in Los Angeles, KRIV in Houston, WFLD-TV in Chicago, and KRLD-TV in Dallas. In October 1985, 20th Century Fox announced its intentions to form a television network that would compete with ABC, CBS. The plans were to use the combination of the Fox studios, organizational plans for the network were held off until the Metromedia acquisitions cleared regulatory hurdles. Then, in December 1985, Rupert Murdoch agreed to pay $325 million to acquire the remaining equity in TCF Holdings from his original partner, Marvin Davis. These first six stations, then broadcasting to a reach of 22% of the nations households. Except for KDAF, all of the original owned-and-operated stations are part of the Fox network today. Like the core O&O group, Foxs affiliate body consisted of independent stations. The Fox Broadcasting Company launched at 11,00 p. m. Eastern and its inaugural program was a late-night talk show, The Late Show, which was hosted by comedian Joan Rivers. By early 1987, Rivers quit The Late Show after disagreements with the network over the creative direction. The network expanded its programming into prime time on April 5,1987, with Children and the sketch comedy series The Tracey Ullman Show. Fox added one new show per week over the several weeks, with the drama 21 Jump Street. On July 11, the network rolled out its Saturday night schedule with the premiere of the drama series Werewolf
7.
Return to Paradise (1998 film)
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Return to Paradise is a 1998 American drama-thriller film directed by Joseph Ruben, written by Wesley Strick and Bruce Robinson, and starring Vince Vaughn, Anne Heche, and Joaquin Phoenix. Return to Paradise is a remake of the 1989 French film Force majeure, the film had its premiere on August 10,1998, and was released to theaters on August 14,1998. Three friends, Lewis McBride, Sheriff and Tony, are seen having a fun vacation in a Malaysian paradise and their adventures include being almost run over by a car while riding a bicycle, and being pressured into buying some rhinoceros horn from Malaysian locals. They also purchase a large bag of hash from a drug dealer, the three men wind up at their beach front house on the ocean pondering their future in the island paradise. Tony and Sheriff decide to return to New York, while Lewis, being a greeny, on the last day, they toss the remaining hash in the garbage. As time passes in New York, Sheriff is working as a limo driver, a young lawyer named Beth informs them that their friend Lewis has spent the last two years in Penang prison in Malaysia, because of hash found at their Malaysian house. She reveals that he receive the death sentence unless one or both of the men return to share responsibility. Beth assures both of them that they will not suffer in prison, be tortured, or harmed in any way. After a gruelling eight days, during which they must make a decision, Beth and Sheriff begin a love affair. Upon their arrival, all well until they visit the prison to see Lewis. Lewis appears to have suffered damage from the harsh imprisonment. Beth subsequently reveals that she is Lewis sister and has been manipulating the two men. Her lie makes Tony fearful of the Malaysian justice system and he abandons Lewis, Sheriff initially follows Tony, but decides to face jail to save his friend and returns to the courtroom in which Lewis is being tried. Because of this, the judge becomes infuriated and gives Lewis a death sentence and he also gives Sheriff an unknown period of jail time. As Lewis is taken to his execution, Sheriff hears his screams, from a window, he is able to call to him, to assure him repeatedly that he is not alone. Just before he is hanged, Lewis calms in response to these assurances and dies quietly, Sheriff assures Beth that Lewis, despite his emotional deterioration, seemed at peace in his final moments. Beth becomes emotional and kisses Sheriff as a sign of their love and she tells him that the attorney general has said that Malaysian government will quietly release him within six months, once the media attention dies down, to save face. As the guard takes Sheriff out, Beth says that she take her brother back home
8.
Down to the Bone (film)
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Down to the Bone is a 2004 American independent drama film, directed by Debra Granik and written by Granik and Richard Lieske. It stars Vera Farmiga, who received a Best Actress Award from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association for her role as the drug addicted Irene. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 15,2004, where it won the Directors Award, the film received a limited release in the United States on November 25,2005. Irene Morrison, a class mother of two boys, lives in Upstate New York and works as a supermarket cashier. She also harbors a cocaine addiction and her eldest son, Ben, whose birthday is approaching, asks Irene to buy a snake for him, she suggests Lego instead. On the night of Halloween, Irene takes her kids trick-or-treating and, at one of the houses they visit, she meets Bob, later that night, her husband Steve arrives home with a toilet, announcing hes going to build them a second bathroom. In bed, Steve tries to initiate sex, but Irene says she doesnt feel very sexy and she changes the subject back to decorating their bathroom. The next day, Irene takes the kids to a store to buy a snake. While her boys wait in the car, Irene visits her dealer, asking him for another fix, at work, Irene contemplates taking money from the cash register. She then goes back to her dealer with Bens birthday check from her mother-in-law, afterwards, Irene checks herself into a drug rehabilitation center. At a meeting about cravings, she meets fellow addict Lucy, while at the facility, Irene again encounters Bob. Before she leaves, Bob visits with a book that helped him during his quitting phase, at Irenes first Narcotics Anonymous meeting, a man celebrates one year of abstinence. In the following weeks, Irene finds it difficult to clean when her friends use drugs around her recreationally. One day at work, she is called into the managers office and she admits her past drug use and is subsequently fired. Lucy suggests they start a business in order to gain money. On the way to her next NA meeting, Irene offers to give Bob a ride, however, in the car, she instigates an affair with him. Bob then takes her to a snake breeder so she can purchase one for Ben, later on, the two become intimate, but Bob excuses himself to the bathroom. Irene then walks in to him shooting up
9.
The Manchurian Candidate (2004 film)
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The Manchurian Candidate is a 2004 American science fiction political-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme. S. Representative from New York, manipulated into becoming a vice-presidential candidate, senator Tom Jordan, a challenger for vice president, and Meryl Streep as Eleanor Prentiss Shaw, also a U. S. Senator and the manipulative, ruthless mother of Raymond Shaw, major Bennett Ben Marco is a war veteran who begins to doubt what is commonly known about his famous U. S. Army unit. During the Gulf War, Sergeant First Class Raymond Shaw supposedly rescued all, Shaw became a war hero and was awarded the Medal of Honor, launching his political career. Years later in a dystopian United States, one of Marcos former NCOs, Corporal Al Melvin, contacts him and says that he suffers from confusing memories and he is clearly deranged, but he shows Marco some images he has drawn from his dreams. Shaw, now a U. S. Congressman, becomes his partys candidate for Vice President after his mother, senator Eleanor Prentiss, pressures party leaders into passing over their intended pick, U. S. A rivalry exists between Eleanor and Jordan, partly due to a past relationship between Shaw and Jordans daughter Jocelyne and that evening, Marco has a nightmare in which he is being held captive and brainwashed along with his fellow soldiers. After Shaw is nominated, Marco begins investigating what happened during the war. He finds an implant in his back and, soon thereafter, Marco researches Manchurian and recognizes Dr. Atticus Noyle, a former Manchurian geneticist-turned-mercenary, from one of his nightmares. Marco brings his findings to the attention of Jordan, who, although he doesnt entirely believe the story, confronts the Shaws, instead, Eleanor activates Raymond and orders him to kill Jordan. Jocelyne is also killed when she tries to stop an entranced Raymond, given the mounting evidence, the FBI begins to take Marcos allegations seriously. They arrange a meeting between Marco and Shaw to convince Shaw of his condition, however, Shaw receives a phone call from Eleanor and hands the phone to Marco. Eleanor uses trigger words to control Marcos mind, giving him commands to assassinate the President-Elect so that Shaw can become president and it happens, though, that with the trauma of Jocelynes death, Shaw is gaining resistance to his own mind control. At the election party, Shaw directs the President-Elect away from the place where Marco. Shaw looks up at the vent where Marco is, giving him a nod of clearance to kill him, Shaw proceeds to dance with Eleanor and shift to that area purposely, which causes Marco to shoot, killing both of them with one shot. Marco prepares to kill himself with a hand-gun, but the FBI discovers, the FBI decides to protect Marcos innocence by framing a deceased Manchurian Global contractor as the shooter. In the last scene, Rose takes Marco to the compound where he was conditioned, Marco proceeds to drop Shaws Medal of Honor into the sea. Cameos Tina Sinatra was a co-producer of the film and her father Frank Sinatra portrayed Marco in the original 1962 film and owned that films legal distribution rights into the late 1980s, never re-releasing it during that time
10.
The Departed
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The Departed is a 2006 American crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese and written by William Monahan. It is a remake of the 2002 Hong Kong film Infernal Affairs, the film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon, Jack Nicholson, and Mark Wahlberg, with Martin Sheen, Ray Winstone, Vera Farmiga, Anthony Anderson and Alec Baldwin in supporting roles. The film takes place in Boston, simultaneously, the police assign undercover state trooper William Billy Costigan to infiltrate Costellos crew. When both sides realize the situation, Sullivan and Costigan both attempt to discover the identity before their covers are blown. The film was a critical and commercial success and won awards, including four Oscars at the 79th Academy Awards, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay. Wahlberg was also nominated for Best Supporting Actor, as a child, Colin Sullivan had been introduced to organized crime by Irish-American mobster Frank Costello in the Irish neighborhood of South Boston. Over the years, Costello grooms him to become a mole inside the Massachusetts State Police, until Sullivan is accepted into the Special Investigations Unit and he drops out of the academy and does time in prison on a fake assault charge to increase his credibility. Each man infiltrates his respective organization, and Sullivan begins a romance with police psychiatrist Madolyn Madden, Costigan is seeing her under the terms of his probation, and they begin a relationship, too. After Costello escapes a sting operation, each mole becomes aware of the others existence, Sullivan is told to find the rat and asks Costello for information to identify the informer. Costigan follows Costello into a theater, where Costello gives Sullivan an envelope containing personal information on his crew members. When it is over, neither man knows the others identity, Sullivan has Queenan tailed to a meeting with Costigan on the roof of a building. Queenan orders Costigan to flee while he confronts Costellos men alone, the men then throw Queenan off the building to his death. When they exit, Costigan pretends he has come to join them, television news reveals that crew member Delahunt has been an undercover cop, working for the Boston Police Department. Dignam resigns rather than work with Sullivan, who he suspects is the mole after he is asked why he had Queenan followed, using Queenans phone, Sullivan reaches Costigan, who refuses to abort his mission. Sullivan learns from Queenans diary of Costellos role as an informant for the FBI, with Costigans help, Costello is traced to a cocaine drop-off, where a gunfight erupts between Costellos crew and the police, which results in most of the crew being killed. Costello, confronted by Sullivan, admits he is an FBI informant, Costello tries to shoot Sullivan, but Sullivan shoots him multiple times. With Costello dead, Sullivan is applauded the next day by everyone on the force, fearing retaliation, Sullivan erases Costigans records from the police computer system. Sullivan is unaware that Madolyn had an affair with Costigan when she tells Sullivan that she is pregnant, later, Sullivan finds her listening to a CD from Costigan containing incriminating recorded conversations between Costello and Sullivan
11.
The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas (film)
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The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas is a 2008 British-American historical period drama based on the novel of the same name by Irish writer John Boyne. It was released on 12 September 2008 in the United Kingdom, the Holocaust drama explores the horror of a World War II Nazi extermination camp through the eyes of two 8-year-old boys, Bruno, the son of the camps Nazi commandant, and Shmuel, a Jewish inmate. An 8-year-old boy named Bruno lives with his family in Berlin, in Nazi Germany during the Holocaust and he learns that his father Ralf has been promoted, due to which their family, including Brunos mother Elsa and 12-year-old sister Gretel, relocate to the countryside. Bruno hates his new home as there is no one to play with, after commenting that he has spotted people working on what he thinks is a farm in the distance, he is also forbidden from playing in the back garden. Bruno and Gretel get a tutor, Herr Liszt, who pushes an agenda of antisemitism. As a result, Gretel becomes extremely fanatical in her support for the Third Reich, Bruno is confused as the Jews he has seen, in particular the familys Jewish servant Pavel, do not resemble the caricatures in Liszts teachings. One day, Bruno disobeys his parents and sneaks off into the woods and he befriends a boy his own age named Shmuel. Bruno starts meeting Shmuel regularly, sneaking him food and playing games with him. He eventually learns that Shmuel is a Jew and was brought to the camp with his father, one day, Elsa discovers the reality of Ralfs assignment after Lieutenant Kurt Kotler lets slip that the black smoke coming from the camps chimneys is due to the burning corpses of Jews. She confronts Ralf, disgusted and heartbroken, at dinner that night, Kotler admits that his father had left his family and moved to Switzerland. Upon hearing this, Ralf tells Kotler that he should have informed the authorities of his fathers disagreement with the current political regime as it was his duty. The embarrassed Kotler then gets infuriated with Pavel for accidentally spilling a glass of wine and violently beats him up, the next morning the maid, Maria, is seen scrubbing the blood stains. Later that day, Bruno sees Shmuel working in his home, Shmuel is there to clean wine glasses because they needed someone with small hands to do it. Bruno offers him some cake and willingly Shmuel accepts it, unfortunately, Kotler happens to walk into the room where Bruno and Shmuel are socialising. Kotler is furious and yells at Shmuel for talking to Bruno, in the midst of his scolding, Kotler notices Shmuel chewing the food Bruno gave him. When Kotler asks Shmuel where he got the food, he says Bruno offered the cake, believing Bruno, Kotler tells Shmuel that they will have a little chat later. Distraught, Bruno goes to apologise to Shmuel, but finds him gone, every day, Bruno returns to the same spot by the camp but does not see Shmuel. Eventually, Shmuel reappears behind the fence, sporting a black eye, Bruno apologises and Shmuel forgives him, renewing the friendship
12.
Nothing but the Truth (2008 American film)
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Nothing but the Truth is a 2008 American drama film written and directed by Rod Lurie. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8,2008 and it was scheduled to open in New York City and Los Angeles on December 19, but because distributor Yari Film Group filed for Chapter 11 protection, it was never given a theatrical release. Rachel Armstrong is a reporter for the Capital Sun-Times. Days become weeks, and then months, during the course of which Van Doren is murdered in a politically motivated attack, however, Dubois is only interested in Armstrongs original source. Armstrong pleads to Dubois that she could never give up her source as they would have to deal with the ramifications of the death of Van Doren. Burnside even argues her case before the Supreme Court, but they decide against him 5–4, eventually, Judge Hall decides to release Armstrong from jail, as he is convinced she will never divulge her source and, therefore, cannot be pressured through continued incarceration. On the day she is released, Dubois has the U. S. Marshals arrest her for obstruction of justice and she agrees to two years in prison, with the possibility of early parole for good behavior. The film received its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8,2008. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the film on DVD on April 28,2009 and it is in anamorphic widescreen format with an English audio track and subtitles. Bonus features include commentary with screenwriter/director Rod Lurie and producer Marc Frydman, The Truth Hurts, The Making of Nothing but the Truth, the film opened in several international markets despite its distribution struggles in the United States. It made $409,832 at the box office, with the biggest intake from Italy. Although the film never opened, several critics who had seen it in advance screenings nonetheless published their reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 81% approval rating, based on 57 reviews, the sites critical consensus reads, A well-crafted political thriller, Nothing but the Truth features a strong cast that helps the real-life drama make an effortless transition to the big screen. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 64 out of 100, based on 12 reviews, manohla Dargis of The New York Times thought the confusing film mixes familiar plot points with some grievous nonsense, most of which involves the two womens irritatingly distracting home lives. Thats too bad for all sorts of reasons, including one, when not cooing inanities at pipsqueaks. Theres pleasure in watching them go manolo a manolo against each other, particularly Ms. Farmiga, despite a shaky start, Ms. Beckinsale does eventually look the part of the harassed and haggard heroine, if largely by not wearing any eye makeup. In the Los Angeles Times, Sam Adams observed the film isnt ripped from the headlines so much as its pasted together like a ransom note, using scraps so small their origins are indiscernible. The obvious inspiration for the story of a reporter who is jailed for refusing to reveal her sources is the Valerie Plame affair
13.
Up in the Air (2009 film)
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Up in the Air is a 2009 American comedy-drama film directed by Jason Reitman and written by Reitman and Sheldon Turner, based on the 2001 novel of the same name, written by Walter Kirn. The story is centered on corporate downsizer Ryan Bingham and his travels, Vera Farmiga, Anna Kendrick and Danny McBride also star. Filming was primarily in St. Louis, Missouri, which substituted for a number of other cities, several scenes were filmed in Detroit, Omaha, Las Vegas and Miami. Reitman promoted Up in the Air with personal appearances at festivals and other showings. The Los Angeles premiere was at the Mann Village Theater on November 30,2009, Paramount scheduled a limited North American release on December 4,2009, broadening the release on December 11,2009, with a wide release on December 23,2009. The National Board of Review and the Washington D. C, area Film Critics Association named Up in the Air the Best Picture of 2009. It received six Academy Award nominations, but did not win in any category and he also gives motivational speeches, using the analogy Whats in Your Backpack. to extol the virtues of a life free of burdensome relationships with people as well as things. A frequent flyer, Ryan relishes his travels, and desires to become the seventh, during his travels, he meets another frequent flyer named Alex, and they begin a casual relationship. Ryan is called back to his companys offices in Omaha, Nebraska, Natalie Keener, a young and ambitious new hire, promotes a program designed to cut costs by conducting layoffs via videoconferencing. Ryan raises concerns that the program could be seen as detached and apathetic and he then plays the role of a fired employee to demonstrate her inexperience. Ryans boss assigns him to bring Natalie on his round of terminations to show her the ropes. As they travel together, Natalie questions Ryans philosophies on life, particularly on relationships and love, during the trip, Natalie is shattered when her boyfriend unceremoniously dumps her by text message, and Ryan and Alex try to comfort her. On the test run, the earlier concerns Ryan raised prove valid, one laid-off person breaks down in tears before the camera, instead of returning immediately to Omaha, Ryan convinces Alex to accompany him to his younger sisters wedding. He learns that the reason the couple had him take photos of a picture of them in various places was because they cannot afford a honeymoon. When the groom gets cold feet, Ryans older sister talks Ryan into using his skills to persuade the groom to go through with the wedding. Although this runs counter to Ryans personal philosophy, he argues that the important moments in life are rarely unshared. The wedding goes off without any further hitches, Ryan begins having second thoughts about his life and philosophies. As he starts delivering his Whats in Your Backpack, speech at a convention in Las Vegas, he realizes he no longer believes it, and walks off the stage
14.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
15.
Orphan (2009 film)
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Orphan is a 2009 psychological horror film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by David Leslie Johnson from a story by Alex Mace. The film stars Vera Farmiga, Peter Sarsgaard, and Isabelle Fuhrman, the plot centers on a couple who, after the death of their unborn child, adopt a mysterious 9-year-old girl. Orphan was produced by Joel Silver and Susan Downey of Dark Castle Entertainment and it is an American, Canadian, German and French co-production. The film was released theatrically in the United States on July 24,2009 by Warner Bros, some critics compared Fuhrmans performance as Esther to that of Linda Blair in The Exorcist and Patty McCormack in The Bad Seed. Kate and John Coleman are experiencing strains in their marriage after their child is stillborn. They decide to adopt a 9-year-old Russian girl named Esther from a local orphanage, while Kate and Johns 7-year-old deaf-mute daughter Max embraces Esther immediately, their 12-year-old son Daniel is less welcoming. At school, a bully named Brenda taunts Esther, and she is hurt when Esther pushes her off a slide. Kate eventually suspects that there might be problems in Esthers background when Esther catches her and John having sex in the kitchen, Esther overhears this and uses Max to kill Sister Abigail using a hammer. Kate is convinced something is wrong with Esther, but John does not believe her. Kate finds Esthers Bible and discovers that it came from the Saarne Institute in Estonia and she emails a picture of Esther to them and asks for more information. When Daniel learns about Sister Abigails death, he tells Max of his plan to retrieve the hammer, Esther overhears this and confronts Daniel at the tree house before setting it on fire and escaping. Daniel falls trying to escape and is knocked unconscious, Esther attempts to finish him off, but Max stops her. While Daniel is hospitalized, Esther slips into his room and smothers him, Kate realizes what happened and attacks Esther before being sedated by the hospital staff. That night, a provocatively-dressed Esther tries to seduce a drunk John, when his vision clears, he tells Esther that hes calling the orphanage to discuss her future in their house and tells her to go to her room. She was one of The Saarne Institutes most violent patients and was forced to wear a straitjacket to protect the staff, after constantly trying to fight her way of it, she suffered permanent scars on her neck and wrists. She also spent most of her posing as a child. She tricked a family into adopting her, but when she couldnt seduce the father, she killed him and his entire family, dr. Varava also said she disappeared a year ago, and they lost track of her. He warned Kate, If its really Leena, you dont have much time, during this time, Leena removes her Esther disguise by removing her ribbons around her neck and wrists, fake teeth, makeup, and wrappings, and trashes her bedroom
16.
Source Code
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In computing, source code is any collection of computer instructions, possibly with comments, written using a human-readable programming language, usually as ordinary text. The source code of a program is designed to facilitate the work of computer programmers. The source code is often transformed by an assembler or compiler into binary machine code understood by the computer, the machine code might then be stored for execution at a later time. Alternatively, source code may be interpreted and thus immediately executed, most application software is distributed in a form that includes only executable files. If the source code were included it would be useful to a user, programmer or a system administrator, the Linux Information Project defines source code as, Source code is the version of software as it is originally written by a human in plain text. The notion of source code may also be more broadly, to include machine code and notations in graphical languages. It is therefore so construed as to include code, very high level languages. Often there are several steps of program translation or minification between the source code typed by a human and an executable program. The earliest programs for stored-program computers were entered in binary through the front panel switches of the computer and this first-generation programming language had no distinction between source code and machine code. When IBM first offered software to work with its machine, the code was provided at no additional charge. At that time, the cost of developing and supporting software was included in the price of the hardware, for decades, IBM distributed source code with its software product licenses, until 1983. Most early computer magazines published source code as type-in programs, Source code can also be stored in a database or elsewhere. The source code for a piece of software may be contained in a single file or many files. Though the practice is uncommon, a source code can be written in different programming languages. For example, a program written primarily in the C programming language, in some languages, such as Java, this can be done at run time. The code base of a programming project is the larger collection of all the source code of all the computer programs which make up the project. It has become practice to maintain code bases in version control systems. Moderately complex software customarily requires the compilation or assembly of several, sometimes dozens or even hundreds, in these cases, instructions for compilations, such as a Makefile, are included with the source code
17.
Safe House (2012 film)
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Safe House is a 2012 American spy action-thriller film directed by Daniel Espinosa, starring Denzel Washington and Ryan Reynolds. When the safe house is attacked by mercenaries who kill almost all the agents, Weston flees with Frost in his charge, and they end up on the run. As the team of killers, who seem to be one step ahead of the pair, track them throughout Cape Town, the film was released on February 10,2012, in North America by Universal Pictures. Filming took place in Cape Town, South Africa, the film premiered in New York City on February 7,2012, and was released in U. S. theaters on February 10,2012. While Washington and Reynolds performances were praised, the film received mixed reviews, the film earned $208 million worldwide against its $85 million budget. In Cape Town, South Africa, ex-CIA NOC operative turned international criminal Tobin Frost acquires a data storage device from rogue MI6 agent Alec Wade. After the pair is attacked by a team of mercenaries led by Vargas, Wade is killed and Frost is cornered by the gunmen, leaving him no choice, Weston watches uneasily as Kiefer and his men waterboard Frost. When the power to the house is cut, the CIA team realize that they are in grave danger. Vargas and an armed group attack the safe house, killing Kiefer. Weston escapes, taking Frost as his charge, Weston hides out with Frost and calls his girlfriend Ana Moreau, a French medical resident who does not know that he works for the CIA, and tells her to leave the house. Barlow later tells Weston to go to Cape Town Stadium to retrieve a GPS device with the location of another nearby safe house and he retrieves the GPS at the stadium, but Frost creates a diversion and gets away by disguising himself as a policeman. Weston, detained by the police, escapes but is unable to catch Frost, Weston goes to recapture Frost but Frost ambushes him and aims a gun at him as if to shoot him, but then tells him I only kill professionals. Weston is ordered to visit the nearest American embassy for debriefing, instead he meets with Ana and reveals that he is a CIA agent. He tells her to return to Paris for her safety, Weston tracks Frost to a shantytown in Langa, where Frost is meeting Nicaraguan national Carlos Villar, an old contact and document forger. Vargas and his team again, killing Villar along with his wife. Weston brutally interrogates one of Vargas wounded mercenaries, who reveals that Vargas is working for the CIA, Westons own superiors may be implicated. Weston takes Frost to the new house, where Weston keeps the housekeeper, Keller at gunpoint. Keller attacks Weston, and after a struggle, Weston breaks Kellers neck
18.
Higher Ground (film)
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Higher Ground is a 2011 American drama film directed by Vera Farmiga in her directorial debut. The film is an adaptation of the 2002 memoir This Dark World, A Memoir of Salvation Found and Lost by Carolyn S. Briggs, the film follows Corinne Walker and her vacillating relationship with Christianity. The cast also includes Joshua Leonard, John Hawkes, Donna Murphy, Norbert Leo Butz, the film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 23,2011, where it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. It then screened at the Los Angeles Film Festival on June 25,2011, in the early Sixties, Corinne Walker is a young girl who is skeptical about God. After the stillbirth of her brother, her parents marriage disintegrates over the course of several years, as a teenager, she meets Ethan Miller, a budding musician in local rock band The Renegades. They get married after Corinne becomes pregnant and has their daughter Abigail, while touring with Ethans band, their bus crashes into a river. Ethan rushes to save Abby, and Corinne pleads with God to save her, Abby is pulled out of the bus before it sinks into the water, and Ethan believes that God wanted them to live. Ethan and Corinne grow more and more interested in Jesus, eventually giving themselves over to a radical New Testament church, as adults, Corinne and Ethan are living with their children Abigail and Lilly amidst a community of self-described Jesus freaks. Corinnes daily life consists of hours of Bible study and alternative family practices, the husbands are told by Pastor Bill that they should pay more attention to their wives sexual needs after a fellow husbands indiscretions caused his wife to leave with their children. Corinnes closest friend Annika also warns her about keeping the marriage alive by trying new things, one day, Corinnes younger sister Wendy shows up on her doorstep after ending yet another bad relationship, and moves in with them. Their father comes over for dinner, and says that children are the most important things in life and he also takes responsibility over how losing their baby brother caused him to wreck his marriage. Later, Ethan finds Lilly playing with some cocaine she found in Wendys suitcase and he and Corinne flush the drugs down the toilet, and Wendy storms off. As time passes, Corinne gets pregnant again, during a group meeting, Corinne tries to express her thoughts on what they can and cannot see. She gets shut down by Pastor Bill and his wife, because in their doctrine, women are forbidden to preach, on another occasion, the pastors wife admonishes Corinne about wearing dresses that could catch the attention of other male members of their community. Corinne has a boy named Gabe. However, Annika is diagnosed with a brain tumor, the community prays for her, and she survives a risky surgery, but suffers brain damage that leaves her unable to speak and confined to a wheelchair. This leads a devastated Corinne to question her faith and she stops attending the services, and grows more and more distant from Ethan. During a fight over their son Gabes abilities, Ethan loses control and they try to see a couples therapist, Dr. Adams, whose even greater zealotry doesnt help them reconcile, and Corinne later leaves Ethan
19.
Ed and Lorraine Warren
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Edward was a World War II United States Navy veteran and former police officer who became a self-taught and self-professed demonologist, author, and lecturer. Lorraine professes to be clairvoyant and a light trance medium who worked closely with her husband, in 1952, the Warrens founded the New England Society for Psychic Research, the oldest ghost hunting group in New England. They authored numerous books about the paranormal and about their investigations into various reports of paranormal activity. They claimed to have investigated over 10,000 cases during their career, the Warrens were among the very first investigators in the controversial Amityville haunting. According to the Warrens, the N. E. S. P. R, utilizes a variety of individuals, including medical doctors, researchers, police officers, nurses, college students, and members of the clergy in its investigations. Other adaptations include the 2013 movie The Conjuring, its prequel/spinoff from 2014, Annabelle, skeptics Perry DeAngelis and Steve Novella have investigated the Warrens evidence and found it all to be blarney. Skeptical investigators Joe Nickell and Ben Radford concluded that the more famous hauntings, Amityville, according to the Warrens, in 1970, two roommates claimed their Raggedy Ann doll was possessed by the spirit of a young girl named Annabelle Higgins. The Warrens took the doll, telling the roommates it was being manipulated by an inhuman presence, in 1971, the Warrens claimed that the Harrisville, Rhode Island, home of the Perron family was haunted by a witch who lived there in the early 19th century. According to the Warrens, Bathsheba Sherman cursed the land so that whoever lived there somehow died, the story is the subject of the 2013 film, The Conjuring. Lorraine Warren was a consultant to the production and appeared in a role in the film. A reporter for USA Today covered the films supposed grounding in facts sympathetically, the current owner of the home has her own research and that of several investigators with whom she has worked refuting the stories of witchcraft and tragic deaths at the home. The Amityville Horror Conspiracy authors Stephen and Roxanne Kaplan characterized the case as a hoax, Lorraine Warren told a reporter for The Express-Times newspaper that the Amityville Horror was not a hoax. The Warrens version of events is partially adapted and portrayed in the sequence of The Conjuring 2. According to Benjamin Radford, the story was refuted by eyewitnesses, investigations, in 1979, lawyer William Weber reportedly stated that he, Jay Anson, and the occupants invented the horror story over many bottles of wine. In the late 1970s, the Warrens showed up, uninvited for one day and spoke with Maurice Grosse. The people Maurice investigated were Peggy Hodgson, her 13-year-old daughter Margaret, her 11-year-old daughter Janet, her 10-year-old son Johnny and her 9-year-old son Billy. While a number of independent observers dismissed the incident as a hoax, carried out by an attention-hungry Janet, the story was the inspiration for The Conjuring 2. In 1981, Arne Johnson was accused of killing his landlord, Ed and Lorraine Warren had been called prior to the killing to deal with the alleged demonic possession of the younger brother of Johnsons fiancée
20.
The Conjuring
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The Conjuring is a 2013 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wan and written by Chad Hayes and Carey Hayes. It is the first film in The Conjuring franchise, Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga star as Ed and Lorraine Warren, paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent cases of haunting. Their reports inspired The Amityville Horror, the Warrens come to the assistance of the Perron family, who are experiencing increasingly disturbing events in their farmhouse in Rhode Island in 1971. The Conjuring was released in the United States and Canada on July 19,2013, the film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $318 million worldwide from its $20 million budget, making it one of the highest-grossing horror films of all time. A sequel, The Conjuring 2, was released on June 10,2016, also to critical, in 1971, Roger and Carolyn Perron move into a dilapidated farmhouse in Harrisville, Rhode Island with their five daughters Andrea, Nancy, Christine, Cindy, and April. Their dog Sadie refuses to enter the house and one of the children playing a game of hide. Paranormal events occur within the first few nights, all of the stop at exactly 3,07 AM. One night in bed, Christine feels a tugging on her leg and she screams and says that the spirit wants the family dead. Another night, Carolyn hears clapping in the hallway, when she goes to investigate, following the noises, she gets trapped in the basement by the spirit. At the same moment, Andrea and Cindy are attacked by a spirit on top of the wardrobe, Carolyn decides to contact noted demonologists Ed and Lorraine Warren, who agree to take on the case. The Warrens conduct an investigation and conclude that the house may require an exorcism. They find reports of murders and suicides in houses that had since been built on the property. To gather evidence, Ed and Lorraine place cameras and bells around the house and they see Cindy sleepwalking into Andreas room, and from the EVPs coming from the radio, they hear a spirit luring Cindy into the wardrobe, where she reveals a secret passage inside. Lorraine enters the passage and falls through the floorboards to the cellar, the Perron family decides to take refuge at a hotel while Ed and Lorraine take their evidence to the Church. The Warrens daughter Judy is attacked in their own home by Bathsheba, Carolyn, now possessed by Bathsheba, takes Christine and April back to the house. Ed and Lorraine find Carolyn in the cellar trying to stab Christine, after tying Carolyn to a chair, Ed decides that an exorcism needs to be performed on Carolyn, but realizes there isnt enough time to wait for a priest to arrive. Ed decides to perform the exorcism himself, and in the process is attacked by Bathsheba, returning home, Lorraine tells Ed that they had been left a message saying that they had gained approval from the Catholic Church to perform the exorcism. They also have another case to investigate on Long Island, before leaving, Ed adds a music box from the Perrons house to a collection of items he and Lorraine have saved from past cases
21.
Norma Bates (Psycho)
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She is the mother of serial killer Norman Bates. Although an important character, she appears as a corpse and a voice in the films. The novel also suggests that their relationship may have been incestuous, for many years, Norma and Norman live together as if there is no one else in the world. When Norman is a teenager, his mother meets Joe Considine, Considine convinces Norma to open a motel. Norman grows insanely jealous, believing that Norma has abandoned him for her fiancé and he then forges a suicide note, making it look like Norma had killed Considine and then herself. Unable to bear the loss of his mother, Norman steals Normas corpse and mummifies it and he also speaks to himself in her voice and frequently dresses in her clothes, in his own mind, he becomes his mother in order to escape the guilt of having murdered her. The Mother personality is as possessive and cruel as Norma had been in life, Mother dominates and belittles him, forbids him to have friends, when Norman regains consciousness, he discovers the crime he is convinced his mother has committed, and destroys the evidence. One of Mothers victims is Marion Crane, who flees to the Bates Motel after stealing money from her employer in order to marry her boyfriend, when she checks into the motel, Norman is smitten, and invites her to have dinner with him in his office. This arouses Mothers ire, and she threatens to kill Marion if Norman lets her into the house and he defies her and has dinner with Marion, who takes pity on him and gently suggests that he put his mother in a mental institution. He angrily rejects the suggestion, however, after Marion retires to her room, Norman becomes Mother and kills Marion in the shower. When Norman regains consciousness, he disposes of Marions corpse in a nearby swamp, Marions employer hires private investigator Milton Arbogast to find her, and he goes to the motel and questions Norman. Norman mentions that Marion had spoken with his mother, but he refuses to let Arbogast see her, suspicious, Arbogast goes to the house, where Mother kills him as well. Sam and Lila Crane, Marions sister, soon arrive, suspecting Norman of killing Marion for the money, Lila discovers Mrs. Bates corpse in the fruit cellar while searching the house, moments later, Norman attacks her as Mother, only to be subdued by Sam. Norman is then arrested and institutionalized, and the Mother persona takes complete, in the film Psycho II, twenty-two years later, Norman Bates, now supposedly cured, is released from the institution and returns home. He is soon confronted by notes supposedly written by Mrs. Bates, Norman takes a job at a local diner and befriends Emma Spool, the cook, and a waitress named Mary Samuels. Norman offers Mary a room in his house, and she reluctantly accepts, at about this time, a series of mysterious murders are committed by a woman with a knife to people who come to the motel and the house. Normans sanity begins to unravel, as he starts to believe that his mothers ghost is committing the murders. When Mary and Norman return to the house, Norman receives a call from Dr. Raymond, in his mind, however
22.
A&E (TV channel)
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The channel originally focused programming on biographies, documentaries, and drama series but has later expanded to include reality television programming. As of July 2015, the A&E network is available to approximately 95,968,000 pay television households in the United States, the U. S. version of the channel is shown in Canada while international versions exist for Australia, Latin America, and Europe. A&E launched on February 1,1984, initially available to 9.3 million cable television homes in the U. S. the network is a result of the 1984 merger of Hearst/ABCs Alpha Repertory Television Service and RCA-owned The Entertainment Channel. When A&E debuted, the took over the satellite transponder timeslot that ARTS occupied from its launch in 1981. Childrens television channel Nickelodeon signed off just before 9 p. m. Eastern Time, and A&E took over at 9 p. m. with a programming block. However, some cable providers continued to carry Nickelodeon and A&E on the same channel and it was not until the early 1990s that these companies found separate channels for both networks. A&E was envisioned as a counterpart to PBS, and in its early days focused on such PBS-style programming as the Leonard Bernstein Fidelio. By 1990, A&Es original programming accounted for 35 to 40 percent of the program content. The comedy series An Evening at the Improv built a young audience in the late 80s. Also, Comedy On the Road won a CableACE Award, both series were produced by Larry ODaly, A&Es signature show was Biography, a one-hour documentary series that A&E revived in 1987. In 1994, airings of Biography went from weekly broadcasts to airing five nights a week, the nightly series became A&Es top-rated show and one of cable televisions most notable successes. Biography received Primetime Emmy Awards in 1999 and 2002, in its first decade, A&E had limited advertising, with fewer commercials at the time, mostly for A&E programs and its magazine. Beginning in the mid-90s, advertising was increased substantially on the channel, in May 1995, the channels name officially changed to the A&E Network, to reflect its declining focus on arts and entertainment. By 1996, the network had branded itself as simply A&E, even the arts patron often finds arts on TV not as satisfying as it should be. And the word entertainment is too vague, therefore, much like ESPN uses its letters rather than what they stand for – Entertainment Sports Network – we decided to go to just A&E. The network created two original weekly series, Sidney Lumets 100 Centre Street and Nero Wolfe, both of which lasted from 2001 to 2002. In May 2003, A&E launched a campaign with the networks new tagline. In addition, A&E had garnered favorable notice for true-crime documentary series such as Cold Case Files, American Justice, City Confidential, Investigative Reports, the network also cut back on its broadcasts of Biography from originally twice daily to weekend mornings only
23.
Bates Motel (TV series)
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Bates Motel is an American psychological horror drama television series that premiered on March 18,2013. After recurring heavily in the first season, Nestor Carbonell was added to the main cast from season two onward. The series begins in Arizona with the death of Normas husband, after which Norma purchases a motel located in a coastal Oregon town so that she and Norman can start a new life. Subsequent seasons follow Norman as his illness becomes dangerous, and Norma as she struggles to protect her son. Bates Motels storylines ignore the timeline of the films sequels. The series was filmed outside Vancouver in Aldergrove, British Columbia, A&E chose to skip a pilot of the series, opting to go straight-to-series by ordering a 10-episode first season. On June 15,2015, the series was renewed for a fourth and fifth season, the fifth and final season premiered on February 20,2017. Bates Motel has also won three Peoples Choice Awards for Favorite Cable TV Drama, and for Favorite Cable TV Actress, the first season follows Norma and Norman Bates as they buy a motel after Normans father dies. On one of the first nights of the two owning the motel, the former owner breaks in and sexually assaults Norma, Norman knocks the attacker out, and Norma stabs him to death. She decides its best not to call the police and to cover up the murder and she and Norman dispose of the body. He complicates the cover-up by keeping a belt that belonged to the victim, when the town sheriff and his deputy notice that a man has gone missing, Norma and Norman must keep them from digging too far. The second season follows the aftermath of Normans teachers murder, as her mysterious past comes to light, meanwhile, Norma finds herself making dangerous decisions in order to keep the motel running and preventing the impending bypass. Bradleys search for her fathers killer leads to the extremes, the third season focuses on Normans waning deniability about whats happening to him, and the lengths he will go to gain control of his fragile psyche. The dramatic events of last season leave Norma more aware of her sons mental fragility, meanwhile, Sheriff Romero begins to distance himself from the Bates family after he suspects Norma is lying to him about her husbands death. The fourth season follows Norma as she becomes fearful of Norman. This complicates their once unbreakable trust as Norman struggles to maintain his grip on reality, meanwhile, Sheriff Romero once again finds himself drawn into Norma and Normans lives. The fifth season begins two years after the death of Norma, publicly happy and well-adjusted, Norman struggles at home, where his blackouts are increasing and Mother threatens to take him over completely. Meanwhile, Dylan and Emma find themselves back into Normans world
24.
Joshua (2007 film)
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Joshua is a 2007 American psychological thriller horror film about an affluent young Manhattan family and how they are torn apart by the increasingly sadistic behavior of their disturbed son, Joshua. The film was directed and co-written by George Ratliff, and stars Sam Rockwell, Vera Farmiga and it was released on July 6,2007 in the United States by Fox Searchlight Pictures. Brad and Abby Cairn are an affluent New York couple with two children and their firstborn, 9-year-old Joshua, is a child prodigy to such a degree that he thinks and acts decades ahead of his age. He is nearly always clad in conservative business attire and demonstrating limitless brilliance as a pianist with a predilection for dissonant classical pieces. Joshua gravitates toward his aesthete uncle Ned as a close friend, as the days pass, bizarre events transpire as the mood at the house regresses from healthy and happy to strange and disorienting. As the babys whines drive an already strained Abby to the point of a nervous breakdown, Joshua causes a fight between his mother and paternal grandmother when he tells his parents he wants to become a Christian. Abby gets very angry and swears at the grandmother, telling her to leave her house immediately, Joshua later convinces his mother to join him in a game of hide-and-seek. Later, after discussing Abbys psychological problems with his brother-in-law Ned, when he arrives home, Joshua has gone to the Brooklyn Museum with his sister and their grandmother Hazel. Joshua frightens his grandmother by describing to her in detail about Seth, the Egyptian God of Chaos, while they are at the museum, Brad watches a video tape of Joshua scaring his baby sister with a light, making her cry. However, Brad is convinced Joshua pushed her and confides in Ned at the funeral and that night, Brad installs a lock on his bedroom door and tells Joshua that Lilly will be sleeping with him, fearing Joshua will attempt to do something to his sister. That night, Joshua builds a house of blocks in the living room, Brad tells him he wont be able to hurt anyone else, as he now realizes he is causing trouble. Later that week, on Neds recommendation, Brad brings Betsy, Betsy comes to the conclusion that Joshua is being abused. Later, Brad tells him he is being sent away to a boarding school, when Brad arrives home, he finds Joshua hiding in a cupboard, crying hysterically with a large bruise on his back. The next morning, he and Joshua go for a walk with his sister, when Brad confronts him, he begins to mock him, causing Brad to strike him. After Brad realizes what he did, he tries to apologize, Joshua further taunts him, which drives Brad to beating his son in public, strengthening Joshuas case of abuse and sending Brad to jail for child abuse and assault. In the last scene of the film, Joshua is playing a piano while his uncle Ned is talking to a person in a phone about having a nanny to care of Lilly. Afterwards, Ned sits with Joshua and the two compose a song with Joshua singing an original song, the lyrics of the song are basically how Joshuas parents both will never be loved by anyone due to all the events. It is then revealed in the song that he wanted to be with Ned
25.
Scream queen
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Jamie Lee Curtis is noted as a seminal example for her performances in the popular slasher films of the Halloween franchise. In recent years, the male counterpart has been labeled a scream king, the term scream queen is more specifically used to refer to the attractive young damsels-in-distress characters that have appeared in a number of films in the horror genre. Lloyd Kaufman, co-founder of Troma Entertainment, noted that being a queen is more than just crying and having ketchup thrown on you. You not only have to be attractive, but you also have to have a big brain and you have to be frightened, you have to be sad, you have to be romantic. Debbie Rochon, often described as a queen herself, wrote in an article originally published in GC Magazine that a true Scream Queen isnt The Perfect Woman. Shes sexy, seductive, but most importantly attainable to the average guy, or so it would seem. unless said guy is the one trying to kill them, with some of them wreaking vengeance by defeating the villain. The use of women in horror films back to the silent film era, with films such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. One of the first scream queens in the talkies was Fay Wray and she was adept at playing the damsel in distress or the monster, and her exotic looks separated her from the stereotypical blonde starlets featured in countless horror films. Sandra Peabody became known as a queen after appearing in the horror films, The Last House on the Left, Voices of Desire. Marilyn Burns became known as one appearing in the film. Daria Nicolodi, who used to be Dario Argento’s partner, himself master of Italian horror cinema, also Mario Bava called on Nicolodi for his Shock. In 1982, Nicolodi played Anne in Argento’s Tenebrae, daria’s hysterics at the end of the picture remain memorable. In Halloween, Jamie Lee Curtis, daughter of Psycho actress Janet Leigh, had her first film role, portraying Laurie Strode in Halloween, Curtis established herself as the ultimate scream queen and was even referenced as such in the horror film Scream by Randy Meeks. Curtis went on to star in other horror films after that. The success of Halloween made slasher films known again, and so that type of film saw a revival during the late 1970s, langenkamp went on to become one of the most influential scream queens. Linnea Quigley also became a queen during the 1980s, appearing specifically in low budget and cult classic films like Silent Night, Deadly Night. A Nightmare on Elm Street 2, Freddys Revenge star Mark Patton, has in recent years been touted at horror conventions as mainstream horrors first male scream queen. During the 1990s, Debbie Rochon starred in dozens of Troma Production horror films and was voted by Draculina magazine as its Scream Queen of the Decade
26.
Ukrainians
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Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is by total population the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term Ukrainians to all its citizens, also among historical names of the people of Ukraine Rusyns, Cossacks, etc. can be found. According to some definitions, a descriptive name for the inhabitants of Ukraine is Ukrainian or Ukrainian people. Belarusians and Russians are considered among the bloodline of Ukrainians, while Rusyns are another closely related group, the ethnonym Ukrainians became widely accepted only in the 20th century after their territory obtained distinctive statehood in 1917. People of these territories were usually called Rus or Rusyns, the Ukrainian language appeared in the 14th – 16th centuries, but at that time, it was mostly known as Ruthenian, like its brothers. In the 16th – 17th centuries, with the establishment of the Zaporizhian Sich, however, the ethnonym Ukrainians and the linguonym Ukrainian were used only occasionally, and the people of Ukraine usually continued to call themselves and their language Ruthenian. This official name did not spread widely among the peasantry constituted the majority of the population. Ukrainian peasants still referred to their country as Ukraine and to themselves, in areas outside the control of the Russian/Soviet state until the mid-20th century, Ukrainians were known by their pre-existing names for much longer. The modern name derives from Ukrayina, a name first documented in 1187. Several scientific theories attempt to explain the etymology of the term, according to some new alternative Ukrainian historians such as Hryhoriy Pivtorak, Vitaly Sklyarenko and other scholars, translate the term u-kraine as in-land, home-land or our-country. The name in this context derives from the word u-kraina in the sense of domestic region, in the last few centuries the population of Ukraine experienced periods of Polonization and Russification, but preserved a common culture and a sense of common identity. Most ethnic Ukrainians live in Ukraine, where make up over three-quarters of the population. The inhabitants of the Kuban, for example, have vacillated among three identities, Ukrainian, Russian, and Cossack, approximately 800,000 people of Ukrainian ancestry live in the Russian Far East in an area known historically as Green Ukraine. According to some assumptions, an estimated number of almost 2.1 million people of Ukrainian origin live in North America. Large numbers of Ukrainians live in Brazil, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Poland, Argentina, Belarus, Portugal, there are also Ukrainian diasporas in the UK, Australia, Germany, Latvia, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Ireland, Sweden and the former Yugoslavia. Today, large ethnic Ukrainian minorities reside in Russia, Canada, Ukrainians have one of the largest diasporas in the world. The East Slavs emerged from the undifferentiated early Slavs with the Slavic migrations in the 6th and 7th centuries CE, the East Slavs were united in the Kievan Rus during the 9th to 13th centuries. East Slavic tribes cited as proto-Ukrainian include the Volhynians, Derevlianians, Polianians, and Siverianians and the less significant Ulychians, Tivertsians, the Gothic historian Jordanes and 6th-century Byzantine authors named two groups that lived in the south-east of Europe, Sclavins and Antes
27.
Karlsfeld
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Karlsfeld is a municipality in the district of Dachau, in Bavaria, Germany. During World War II, it was the location of a subcamp of Dachau concentration camp, the municipality is situated 12 km northwest of Munich. The headquarters of MAN and MTU Aero Engines are located in Munich right on the border to Karlsfeld, Karlsfeld railway station is served by the Munich S-Bahn on line S2. Muro Lucano Karlsfeld Official web site
28.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
29.
Pentecostalism
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The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, the Greek name for the Jewish Feast of Weeks. For Christians, this event commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the followers of Jesus Christ, like other forms of evangelical Protestantism, Pentecostalism adheres to the inerrancy of scripture and the necessity of accepting Christ as personal Lord and Savior. It is distinguished by belief in the baptism in the Holy Spirit that enables a Christian to live a Spirit-filled and empowered life and this empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement, Pentecostalism emerged in the early 20th century among radical adherents of the Holiness movement who were energized by revivalism and expectation for the imminent Second Coming of Christ. In 1900, Charles Parham, an American evangelist and faith healer, the three-year-long Azusa Street Revival, founded and led by William J. While virtually all Pentecostal denominations trace their origins to Azusa Street, an early dispute centered on challenges to the doctrine of the Trinity. As a result, the Pentecostal Movement is divided between trinitarian and non-trinitarian branches, there are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents, Pentecostalism is an evangelical faith, emphasizing the reliability of the Bible and the need for the transformation of an individuals life through faith in Jesus. Like other evangelicals, Pentecostals generally adhere to the Bibles divine inspiration and inerrancy—the belief that the Bible, Pentecostals emphasize the teaching of the full gospel or foursquare gospel. The central belief of Pentecostalism is that through the death, burial and this is the Gospel or good news. The fundamental requirement of Pentecostalism is that one be born again, the new birth is received by the grace of God through faith in Christ as Lord and Savior. In being born again, the believer is regenerated, justified, adopted into the family of God, Pentecostal soteriology is generally Arminian rather than Calvinist. The security of the believer is a doctrine held within Pentecostalism, nevertheless, Pentecostals believe in both a literal heaven and hell, the former for those who have accepted Gods gift of salvation and the latter for those who have rejected it. For most Pentecostals there is no requirement to receive salvation. Baptism with the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues are not generally required, a notable exception is Oneness Pentecostalism, most adherents of which believe both water baptism and Spirit baptism are integral components of salvation. Pentecostals identify three distinct uses of the baptism in the New Testament, Baptism into the body of Christ. Every believer in Christ is made a part of his body, the Holy Spirit is the agent, and the body of Christ is the medium. Baptism with the Holy Spirit, This is an experience distinct from baptism into the body of Christ
30.
Ukrainian American
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Ukrainian Americans are Americans who are of Ukrainian ancestry. According to U. S. census estimates, in 2006 there were 961,113 Americans of Ukrainian descent representing 0. 33% of the American population. The Ukrainian population of the United States is thus the second largest outside the former Soviet Union, the first Ukrainian immigrant to America, Ivan Bohdan, sailed with John Smith to the Jamestown colony in 1607. Bohdan met captain Smith during the time when the latter had fought the Turks, was captured, and escaped captivity by fleeing through Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, large scale Ukrainian immigration to America did not begin, however, until the 1880s. From 1955 to 1965, St. Andrew Memorial Church in South Bound Brook, the largest wave of Ukrainians came in the early 1990s, after the fall of the Soviet Union. A large number those emigrating from Ukraine after the fall of the Soviet Union were Jewish, many Ukrainians of the newest immigration wave migrated to large cities and regional centers, creating ethnic enclaves. In addition, many Ukrainian Americans have come by way of Canada, on September 21,2015, in Bloomingdale, near Chicago, the first North American monument to the Heavenly Hundred was solemnly unveiled. As of the 2000 U. S. Census, there were 892,922 Americans of full or partial Ukrainian descent, the New York City Metropolitan Area contains by far the largest Ukrainian community in the United States, receiving the highest legal permanent resident Ukrainian immigrant population. The American states with the largest Ukrainian populations are as follows, to Preserve A Heritage, The Story of the Ukrainian Immigration in the United States. The Ukrainian Experience in the United States, A Symposium, Sources and Documents, Cambridge, harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, ISBN 0-916458-04-0 Alex Lushnycky, Ukrainians of Greater Philadelphia, ISBN 978-0-7385-5040-4 Myron B
31.
Irvington, New Jersey
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Irvington is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Clinton Township, which included what is now Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark, the area was known as Camptown until the mid-1800s. In 1850, after Stephen Foster published his ballad, Camptown Races, the town was renamed, Irvingtown, in honor of Washington Irving. Irvington was incorporated as an independent village on March 27,1874, what remained of Clinton Township was absorbed into Newark on March 5,1902. On March 2,1898, Irvington was incorporated as a Town, the 1967 Newark riots hastened an exodus of families from that city, many of them moving a few short blocks into neighboring Irvington. Until 1965, Irvington was almost exclusively white, by 1980, the town was nearly 40% black, by 1990 it was 70%. On July 1,1980, Fred Bost, the first black to serve on the Town Council, was sworn in as East Ward Councilman, michael G. Steele, the towns first black mayor, was elected in 1990, followed by Sarah Brockington Bost in 1994. The current Mayor is Tony Vauss, Irvington was home to Olympic Park, an amusement park, from 1887 to 1965. The park property straddled the border of Irvington and Maplewood with the entrance on Chancellor Avenue. After the park closed, the merry-go-round was sold and transported to Disney World, in Orlando, the book, Smile, A Picture History of Olympic Park,1887 -1965 written by Alan A. Siegel was published in 1983 by Rutgers University Press. According to the United States Census Bureau, Irvington had an area of 2.930 square miles. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Irving Place, as of the census of 2010, there were 53,926 people,20,093 households, and 12,839 families residing in the township. The population density was 18,417.0 per square mile, there were 23,196 housing units at an average density of 7,922.0 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10. 60% of the population,31. 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the family size was 3.33. In the township, the population was out with 25. 4% under the age of 18,10. 6% from 18 to 24,30. 0% from 25 to 44,25. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34.0 years, for every 100 females there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 84.2 males, the Census Bureaus 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $42,580, and the median family income was $50,798
32.
Ukrainian language
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Ukrainian /juːˈkreɪniən/ is an East Slavic language. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic script, historical linguists trace the origin of the Ukrainian language to the Old East Slavic of the early medieval state of Kievan Rus. After the fall of the Kievan Rus as well as the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, the Modern Ukrainian language has been in common use since the late 17th century, associated with the establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate. From 1804 until the Russian Revolution, the Ukrainian language was banned from schools in the Russian Empire and it has always maintained a sufficient base in Western Ukraine, where the language was never banned, in its folklore songs, itinerant musicians, and prominent authors. The Ukrainian language retains a degree of intelligibility with Belarusian and Russian. The first theory of the origin of Ukrainian language was suggested in Imperial Russia in the middle of the 18th century by Mikhail Lomonosov and this theory posits the existence of a common language spoken by all East Slavic people in the time of the Rus. Another point of view developed during the 19th and 20th centuries by linguists of Imperial Russia, like Lomonosov, they assumed the existence of a common language spoken by East Slavs in the past. This general point of view is the most accepted amongst academics worldwide, the supporters of this theory disagree, however, about the time when the different languages were formed. Soviet scholars set the divergence between Ukrainian and Russian only at time periods. During the time of the incorporation of Ruthenia into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and this point of view is, however, at variance with some historical data. In fact, several East Slavic tribes, such as Polans, Drevlyans, Severians, Dulebes, White Croats, Tiverians, notably, some Ukrainian features were recognizable in the southern dialects of Old East Slavic as far back as the language can be documented. In contrast, Ahatanhel Krymsky and Alexei Shakhmatov assumed the existence of the spoken language of Eastern Slavs only in prehistoric times. According to their point of view, the diversification of the Old East Slavic language took place in the 8th or early 9th century, Ukrainian linguist Stepan Smal-Stotsky went even further, denying the existence of a common Old East Slavic language at any time in the past. Similar points of view were shared by Yevhen Tymchenko, Vsevolod Hantsov, Olena Kurylo, Ivan Ohienko, according to this theory, the dialects of East Slavic tribes evolved gradually from the common Proto-Slavic language without any intermediate stages during the 6th through 9th centuries. The Ukrainian language was formed by convergence of tribal dialects, mostly due to a migration of the population within the territory of todays Ukraine in later historical periods. This point of view was supported by George Shevelovs phonological studies. During the 13th century, when German settlers were invited to Ukraine by the princes of Galicia-Vollhynia and their influence would continue under Poland not only through German colonists but also through the Yiddish-speaking Jews. Often such words involve trade or handicrafts, examples of words of German or Yiddish origin spoken in Ukraine include dakh, rura, rynok, kushnir, and majster
33.
Whitehouse Station, New Jersey
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Whitehouse Station is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located within Readington Township, in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. At the 2010 United States Census, the CDPs population was 2,089, Whitehouse Station takes its name from Whitehouse and Abraham Van Hornes 18th century tavern. New Jersey Transit offers service on the Raritan Valley Line at White House Station, Whitehouse Station was home to the global headquarters of pharmaceutical giant Merck, which was housed in the modernist Merck Headquarters Building. Merck is in the process of moving out of the campus, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP had a total area of 1.346 square miles, including 1.303 square miles of land and 0.043 square miles of water. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,089 people,963 households, the population density was 1,602.7 per square mile. There were 989 housing units at a density of 758.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 91. 53% White,2. 82% Black or African American,0. 05% Native American,3. 06% Asian,0. 00% Pacific Islander,1. 15% from other races, and 1. 39% from two or more races. [[Hispanic |Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 27% of the population,37. 1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the family size was 2.87. In the CDP, the population was out with 19. 6% under the age of 18,4. 3% from 18 to 24,23. 1% from 25 to 44,31. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 46.6 years, for every 100 females there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 77.3 males, at the 2000 United States Census there were 1,951 people,878 households and 531 families residing in the CDP. There were 905 housing units at a density of 270. 9/km2. The racial makeup of the CDP was 96. 05% White,0. 87% African American,0. 97% Asian,0. 56% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 56% of the population. 34. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.86. Age distribution was 19. 9% under the age of 18,5. 1% from 18 to 24,33. 5% from 25 to 44,26. 4% from 45 to 64, the median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 87.4 males, for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.7 males. The median household income was $75,111, and the family income was $92,793
34.
Newark, New Jersey
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Newark is the most populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County. For 2015, the Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 281,944, Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, located approximately 8 miles west of lower Manhattan. Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest European cities in the United States and its location at the mouth of the Passaic River, has made the citys waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Today, Port Newark-Elizabeth is the container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the American East Coast. In addition, Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal airport in the United States. Several leading companies have their headquarters in Newark, including Prudential, PSEG, Panasonic Corporation of North America, Audible. com, IDT Corporation, the U. S. District Court for the District of New Jersey sits in the city as well. Local cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Symphony Hall, The Prudential Center and the Newark Museum. Newark is divided into five wards, the East, West, South, North and Central wards. Newarks Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nations largest collection of cherry blossom trees, Newark was settled in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony. It was conceived as an assembly of the faithful, though this did not last for long as new settlers came with different ideas. On October 31,1693 it was organized as a New Jersey township based on the Newark Tract, Newark was granted a Royal charter on April 27,1713. It was incorporated on February 21,1798 by the New Jersey Legislatures Township Act of 1798, during its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township, Caldwell Township, Orange Township, Bloomfield Township and Clinton Township. Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11,1836, replacing Newark Township, the previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1,1905. In 1926, South Orange Township changed its name to Maplewood, as a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newarks Vailsburg. During the American Revolutionary War British troops made several raids into the town, the city has experienced revitalization since the 1990s. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 26.107 square miles. It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U. S. behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, the citys altitude ranges from 0 in the east to approximately 230 feet above sea level in the western section of the city. Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, historically, Newarks high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods
35.
Ukrainian dance
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Ukrainian dance refers to the traditional folk dances of the peoples of Ukraine. This stylized art form has so permeated the culture of Ukraine, judging by the figures depicted in motion on Trypillian clay vessels, dance has been performed in the lands of present-day Ukraine since at least the third millennium BC. It has been assumed that up to the introduction of Christianity in Kievan Rus in 988, pre-Christian rituals combined dance with music, poetry, and song. A remnant of these ritual dances which survive in limited form today are the Spring Dances, or Vesnianky, also referred to as Hahilky, Hayilky, Hayivky, Yahilky, or Rohulky. Another seasonal event featuring dances was the yearly pre-harvest festival of Kupalo, at about the time of Ukraines Kozak uprisings, social dances became more and more popular with the people native to the lands of present-day Ukraine. The early Hopak and Kozachok developed as social dances in the surrounding the River Dnieper. The third major type of Ukrainian folk dancing which developed prior to the era were the thematic or story dances. The story dances incorporated a sophisticated level of pantomime and movement which entertained audiences. Thematic story dances told the story of a group of people through movements which mimicked their work, such dances included Shevchyky, Kovali. By the turn of the century, many of these traditional dances began to be performed, or referred to thematically. Ukrainian folk-stage dance began the path to transforming into its present incarnation first and foremost through the work of Vasyl Verkhovynets, an actor, choir conductor, and amateur musicologist. It also fundamentally altered the nature of Ukrainian folk dance by setting dances on a stage, and laid out a method of transcribing folk dances and this book has since been reprinted five times and remains a basic instructional text of Ukrainian dance. The history of Ukrainian dance diverges at this stage of Vasyl Verkhovynets career, because of the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, it would develop contemporaneously both in Ukraine as well outside of the Iron curtain for more than 40 years. Classical choreographers in Ukraine began to turn to Vasyl Verkhovynets for his expertise when incorporating the popular folk motifs into their works. In addition to established names like V. Lytvynenko and Leonid Zhukov, younger choreographers like Pavlo Virsky, Mykola Bolotov, during this period, the three-part Hopak was developed by Verkhovynets. Although the group was disbanded during the Second World War, Lydia Chereshnova brought it back into existence in 1951, during this twenty-year period, Pavlo Virsky demonstrated tremendous creativity in his choreography and propelled Ukrainian Folk-Stage Dance to a world-renowned level. The Chornohora Songs and Dance Ensemble was founded by Yaroslav Chuperchuk in 1946, the Dnipropetrovsk Dance Ensemble was founded in Dnipropetrovsk prior to WWII, and flourished under Kim Vasylenko from 1947. Vasylenko has written numerous times on the topic of Ukrainian folk-stage dance, many village dances had survived the trip abroad and retained their traditional place at community gatherings
36.
Plast
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The Plast National Scout Organization of Ukraine, commonly called Ukrainian Plast or simply Plast, is the largest Scouting organization in Ukraine. Plast was founded in Lviv, Austro-Hungarian Galicia in 1911 as the Ukrainian Scout Organization, Ukrainian Scouting has been known since its inception as Plast. In Ukrainian a plastun is a name for a Cossack scout. The founder of Ukrainian Scouting, Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky, affectionately known as Drot, adapted the universal Scout principles to the needs, born during great social and political upheavals in Europe, Ukrainian Plast came into being to fulfill specific national aims, unlike other Scout organizations. The first Scout troops were formed in Lviv in 1911, then a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, by Petro Franko, Plast is generally deemed to have been officially founded by Dr. Oleksander Tysovsky on 12 April 1912, at the Lviv Academic Gymnasium. Scouting spread rapidly to the cities and towns, and by 1913 the first Supreme Scout Council had been formed. The same year, the Orhanizatsiyniy Plast Komitet was formed in Lviv by Plast groups from different regions, by 1916, its membership exceeded 10,000, and it was a fully developed and functioning organization, consisting of separate branches of Boy Scouts and Girl Guides. Ukrainian Plast held regular camps for Cubs, Scouts and Rovers, training courses for leaders, the subsequent years witnessed a great upswing in Scouting, as it spread into the towns and communities where it had been previously unknown, mainly in the newly freed central provinces of Ukraine. The Soviet victory in the war in 1922 led to an immediate abolition of all non-communist scout activities in this region. In the Romanian area of Bukovina, the development of Plast was likewise hampered, Ukrainian Scouting was among the first to suffer what later became the fate of many Scout Associations throughout the world. In areas later to become western Ukraine, which included parts of Czechoslovakia and Poland, during this period, Ukrainian Scouting first requested international recognition, but was denied on political grounds. In spite of obstacles, Plast developed rapidly in the Polish areas, with high levels of membership among students. A key sponsor was Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, the Archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, a number of publications are introduced, including the official organ Molode Zhyttia and Dr. Oleksander Tysovskys seminal handbook, Zhyttia v Plasti. The Plast groups in Carpathian Ruthenia and Prague were members of the Union of Junak Scouts and Guides of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, a headquarters was opened in Prague. In Western Ukraine, Plast, though banned, continued to illegally and conspirationally under the auspices of the Plast Center. Plast activities continued to be undertaken, via the Commission of Educational Campsites, the Polish leadership pursued this activity and punished such activities with arrests and internment. By 1939, World War II broke out and membership in Plast saw a resurgence in western Ukraine, although the occupying German forces again banned Plast, as in the previous war, many plastuny took up arms in various armies that traversed western and eastern Ukraine during the war. During the years under Communism and the Soviet Union, Scouting was banned in Ukraine, Ukrainian Scouting was hampered by World War II, but Plast managed to survive the war and began to flourish again in the displaced persons camps under the occupation of the Western Powers
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