1.
Unincorporated area
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Occasionally, municipalities dissolve or disincorporate, which may happen if they become fiscally insolvent, and services become the responsibility of a higher administration. In some countries, such as in Brazil, Japan, France or the United Kingdom, unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. A local government area often contains several towns and even entire cities, thus, aside from very sparsely populated areas and a few other special cases, almost all of Australia is part of an LGA. Unincorporated areas are often in locations, cover vast areas or have very small populations. Postal addresses in unincorporated areas, as in parts of Australia. Thus, there is any ambiguity regarding addresses in unincorporated areas. The Australian Capital Territory has no municipalities and is in some sense an unincorporated area, the territorial government is directly responsible for matters normally carried out by local government. The far west and north of New South Wales constitutes the Unincorporated Far West Region, a civil servant in the state capital manages such matters as are necessary. The second unincorporated area of state is Lord Howe Island. In the Northern Territory,1. 45% of the area and 4. In South Australia, 60% of the area is unincorporated and communities located within can receive services provided by a state agency. Firstly, the remote area that is unincorporated is the Abrolhos Islands. Secondly, the unincorporated areas are A-class reserves either in, or close to. In Canada, depending on the province, a settlement is one that does not have a municipal council that governs solely over the settlement. It is usually, but not always, part of a municipal government. This can range from hamlets to large urbanized areas that are similar in size to towns. In British Columbia, unincorporated settlements lie outside municipal boundaries entirely, Unincorporated settlements with a population of between 100 and 1,000 residents may have the status of designated place in Canadian census data. In some provinces, large tracts of undeveloped wilderness or rural country are unorganized areas that fall directly under the provincial jurisdiction
2.
McHenry County, North Dakota
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McHenry County is a county located in the U. S. state of North Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,395, the Territorial legislature formed McHenry County in 1873 from part of Bottineau County. The name comes from James McHenry, a settler of Vermillion. The county government was first organized on October 15,1884, before becoming Towner in 1886, the county seat was Villard from 1884 to 1885 and Scriptown from 1885 to 1886. Both former seats are now ghost towns, McHenry County is part of the Minot, ND Micropolitan Statistical Area. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,912 square miles. The population density was 3 people per square mile, there were 2,983 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 98. 73% White,0. 08% Black or African American,0. 40% Native American,0. 03% Asian,0. 05% from other races,0. 40% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 45. 4% were of German and 34. 0% Norwegian ancestry,29. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the family size was 2.92. In the county, the population was out with 24. 0% under the age of 18,5. 9% from 18 to 24,23. 3% from 25 to 44,25. 1% from 45 to 64. The median age was 43 years, for every 100 females there were 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.0 males, the median income for a household in the county was $27,274, and the median income for a family was $35,676. Males had an income of $25,740 versus $18,505 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,140, about 12. 0% of families and 15. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18. 5% of those under age 18 and 16. 8% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 5,395 people,2,377 households, the population density was 2.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 2,948 housing units at a density of 1.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 97. 8% white,0. 6% American Indian,0. 3% Asian,0. 1% black or African American,0. 3% from other races, and 0. 9% from two or more races
3.
North Dakota
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North Dakota is the 39th state of the United States, having been admitted to the union on November 2,1889. The state capital is Bismarck, and the largest city is Fargo, North Dakota is the 19th most extensive but the 4th least populous and the 4th least densely populated of the 50 United States. The development has driven strong job and population growth, and low unemployment, North Dakota is located in the U. S. region known as the Great Plains. The state shares the Red River of the North with Minnesota on the east, South Dakota is to the south, Montana is to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba are to the north. North Dakota is situated near the middle of North America with a marker in Rugby. With an area of 70,762 square miles, North Dakota is the 19th largest state, the western half of the state consists of the hilly Great Plains as well as the northern part of the Badlands, which are to the west of the Missouri River. The states high point, White Butte at 3,506 feet, the region is abundant in fossil fuels including natural gas, crude oil and lignite coal. The Missouri River forms Lake Sakakawea, the third largest man-made lake in the United States, the central region of the state is divided into the Drift Prairie and the Missouri Plateau. The eastern part of the consists of the flat Red River Valley. Its fertile soil, drained by the meandering Red River flowing northward into Lake Winnipeg, Devils Lake, the largest natural lake in the state, is also found in the east. Eastern North Dakota is overall flat, however, there are significant hills, most of the state is covered in grassland, crops cover most of eastern North Dakota but become increasingly sparse in the center and farther west. This diverse terrain supports nearly 2,000 species of plants, the state of North Dakota is home to the geographical center of North America located near Rugby, North Dakota North Dakota has a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. The temperature differences are rather extreme because of its far inland position and being in the center of the Northern Hemisphere, with equal distances to the North Pole. As such, summers are almost subtropical in nature, but winters are cold enough to plant hardiness is very low. Native American peoples lived in what is now North Dakota for thousands of years before the coming of Europeans and their tribes included the Mandan people, the Dakota people and the Yanktonai, the latter two from the Lakota peoples. The first European to reach the area was the French-Canadian trader Pierre Gaultier, sieur de La Vérendrye, in 1762 the region became part of Spanish Louisiana until 1802. Dakota Territory was settled sparsely by European Americans until the late 19th century, with the advantage of grants of land, they vigorously marketed their properties, extolling the region as ideal for agriculture. An omnibus bill for statehood for North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and his successor, Benjamin Harrison, signed the proclamations formally admitting North Dakota and South Dakota to the Union on November 2,1889
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Karlsruhe, North Dakota
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Karlsruhe is a city in McHenry County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 82 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Old Saints Peter and Paul Cemetery, Wrought-Iron Cross Site, in or near Karlsruhe, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Peter and Paul Catholic Church in Karlsruhe features works by the artist Count Berthold von Imhoff. Karlsruhe was named after the German city of Karlsruhe by Germans from Russia, Karlsruhe was first settled in the late 19th century by German pioneers moving toward northern American prairie lands. These pioneers and their early generations of relatives are buried in the St. Peter, in the towns early years, many German traditions were practiced regularly, however, throughout the years it has become an Americanized town, with very few of these traditions still present. Karlsruhes population has continued to decrease to this day, Karlsruhe is located at 48°5′27″N 100°37′15″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 0.75 square miles. This climatic region is typified by large temperature differences, with warm to hot summers. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Karlsruhe has a continental climate. McHenry county has a number of natural disasters than North Dakotas state average. Floods, storms, and snow are the most common of these disasters, as of the census of 2010, there were 82 people,36 households, and 25 families residing in the city. The population density was 109.3 inhabitants per square mile, there were 61 housing units at an average density of 81.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 100. 0% White,22. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the family size was 2.72. The median age in the city was 49.3 years. 20. 7% of residents were under the age of 18,3. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,14. 7% were from 25 to 44,48. 8% were from 45 to 64, and 12. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 56. 1% male and 43. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 119 people,54 households, and 32 families residing in the city. The population density was 157.5 people per square mile, there were 70 housing units at an average density of 92.6 per square mile
6.
Velva, North Dakota
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Velva is a city in McHenry County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 1,084 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Velva was founded in 1897 and is the birthplace of television correspondent Eric Sevareid, Velva became a city in 1886 with the arrival of the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Velva received its city rights in 1905. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 0.83 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,084 people,452 households and 277 families residing in the city, the population density was 1,306.0 inhabitants per square mile. There were 493 housing units at a density of 594.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 98. 7% White,0. 4% Native American,0. 1% Asian,0. 2% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 4% of the population. 34. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 18. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.92. The average age in the city was 42.7 years. 24. 4% of residents were under the age of 18,5. 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 7% were from 25 to 44,24. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 23. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 1% male and 52. 9% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,049 people,436 households, and 275 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,359.7 people per square mile, there were 483 housing units at an average density of 626.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 99. 33% White,0. 10% African American,0. 19% Native American, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 48% of the population. 34. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 20. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.97. In the city, the population was out with 25. 6% under the age of 18,5. 1% from 18 to 24,23. 6% from 25 to 44,19. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42 years, for every 100 females there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.7 males, the median income for a household in the city was $27,738, and the median income for a family was $36,477
7.
United States Geological Survey
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The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its resources. The organization has four science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology. The USGS is a research organization with no regulatory responsibility. The USGS is a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior, the USGS employs approximately 8,670 people and is headquartered in Reston, Virginia. The USGS also has major offices near Lakewood, Colorado, at the Denver Federal Center, the current motto of the USGS, in use since August 1997, is science for a changing world. The agencys previous slogan, adopted on the occasion of its anniversary, was Earth Science in the Public Service. Prompted by a report from the National Academy of Sciences, the USGS was created, by a last-minute amendment and it was charged with the classification of the public lands, and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. This task was driven by the need to inventory the vast lands added to the United States by the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the legislation also provided that the Hayden, Powell, and Wheeler surveys be discontinued as of June 30,1879. Clarence King, the first director of USGS, assembled the new organization from disparate regional survey agencies, after a short tenure, King was succeeded in the directors chair by John Wesley Powell. Administratively, it is divided into a Headquarters unit and six Regional Units, Other specific programs include, Earthquake Hazards Program monitors earthquake activity worldwide. The National Earthquake Information Center in Golden, Colorado on the campus of the Colorado School of Mines detects the location, the USGS also runs or supports several regional monitoring networks in the United States under the umbrella of the Advanced National Seismic System. The USGS informs authorities, emergency responders, the media, and it also maintains long-term archives of earthquake data for scientific and engineering research. It also conducts and supports research on long-term seismic hazards, USGS has released the UCERF California earthquake forecast. The USGS National Geomagnetism Program monitors the magnetic field at magnetic observatories and distributes magnetometer data in real time, the USGS operates the streamgaging network for the United States, with over 7400 streamgages. Real-time streamflow data are available online, since 1962, the Astrogeology Research Program has been involved in global, lunar, and planetary exploration and mapping. USGS operates a number of related programs, notably the National Streamflow Information Program. USGS Water data is available from their National Water Information System database
8.
Human settlement
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In geography, statistics and archaeology, a settlement, locality or populated place is a community in which people live. A settlement can range in size from a number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. Settlements may include hamlets, villages, towns and cities, a settlement may have known historical properties such as the date or era in which it was first settled, or first settled by a particular people. In the field of geospatial predictive modeling, settlements are a city, town, village ghost or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work. The oldest remains that have found of constructed dwellings are remains of huts that were made of mud. The Natufians built houses, also in the Levant, around 10,000 BC, remains of settlements such as villages become much more common after the invention of agriculture. Landscape history studies the form of settlements – for example whether they are dispersed or nucleated, urban morphology can thus be considered a special type of cultural-historical landscape studies. Settlements can be ordered by size, centrality or other factors to define a settlement hierarchy, geoscience Australia defines a populated place as a named settlement with a population of 200 or more persons. The Committee for Geographical Names in Australasia used the term localities for rural areas, the Bulgarian Government publishes a National Register of Populated Places. The Canadian government uses the term populated place in the Atlas of Canada, Statistics Canada uses the term localities for historical named locations. The Croatian Bureau of Statistics records population in units called settlements, the Census Commission of India has a special definition of census towns. The Central Statistics Office of the Republic of Ireland has a definition of census towns. There are various types of inhabited localities in Russia, Statistics Sweden uses the term localities for various densely populated places. The common English-language translation is urban areas, the UK Department for Communities and Local Government uses the term urban settlement to denote an urban area when analysing census information. The Registrar General for Scotland defines settlements as groups of one or more contiguous localities, the Scottish settlements are used as one of several factors defining urban areas. A populated place is not incorporated and by definition has no legal boundaries. However, a place may have a corresponding civil record. Census − a statistical area delineated locally specifically for the tabulation of Census Bureau data, civil − a political division formed for administrative purposes
9.
Ghost town
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A ghost town is an abandoned village, town, or city, usually one that contains substantial visible remains. Some ghost towns, especially those that preserve period-specific architecture, have become tourist attractions, visiting, writing about, and photographing ghost towns is a minor industry. The town of Plymouth on the Caribbean island of Montserrat is a ghost town that is the de jure capital of Montserrat and it was rendered uninhabitable by volcanic ash from an eruption. The definition of a ghost town varies between individuals, and between cultures, lindsey Baker, author of Ghost Towns of Texas, defines a ghost town as a town for which the reason for being no longer exists. Some believe that any settlement with visible tangible remains should not be called a ghost town, others say, conversely, whether or not the settlement must be completely deserted, or may contain a small population, is also a matter for debate. Generally, though, the term is used in a sense, encompassing any. The American author Lambert Florins preferred definition of a ghost town was simply a shadowy semblance of a former self, a town can also be abandoned when it is part of an exclusion zone due to natural or man-made causes. Ghost towns may result when the activity or resource that created a boomtown is depleted or the resource economy undergoes a bust. Boomtowns can often decrease in size as fast as they initially grew, sometimes, all or nearly the entire population can desert the town, resulting in a ghost town. The dismantling of a boomtown can often occur on a planned basis, modular buildings can be used to facilitate the process. A gold rush would often bring intensive but short-lived economic activity to a remote village, in other cases, the reason for abandonment can arise from a towns intended economic function shifting to another, nearby place. This happened to Collingwood, Queensland in Outback Australia when nearby Winton outperformed Collingwood as a centre for the livestock-raising industry. The railway reached Winton in 1899, linking it with the rest of Queensland, the Middle East has many ghost towns that were created when the shifting of politics or the fall of empires caused capital cities to be socially or economically unviable, such as Ctesiphon. The rise of condominium investment caused for real estate bubbles also leads to a ghost town, as real estate prices rise, such examples include China and Canada, where housing is often used as an investment rather than for habitation. Railroads and roads bypassing or no longer reaching a town can create a ghost town. This was the case in many of the ghost towns along Ontarios historic Opeongo Line, some ghost towns were founded along railways where steam trains would stop at periodic intervals to take on water. Amboy, California was part of one series of villages along the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad across the Mojave Desert. River re-routing is another factor, one example being the towns along the Aral Sea, Ghost towns may be created when land is expropriated by a government and residents are required to relocate
10.
Norwegian Dakotan
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A Norwegian Dakotan is a Norwegian American in the U. S. states of North and South Dakota. One in three of all North Dakotans is of Norwegian heritage, which is the highest among all U. S. states, South Dakota is number three, behind Minnesota. The immigrants settled primarily between 1870 and 1920, as of 2009,312,697 Dakotans claim Norwegian ancestry,21. 4% of the regions population, or 6. 7% of the total Norwegian American population. The first Norwegians arrived in the Dakotas as early as 1859 and it took another ten years before the greater influx of Norwegians took place. Mike Jacobs of WDAY observed that two Governors of North Dakota were born in Norway, almost as good politically as being a native North Dakotan, Norwegian immigrants began arriving in North Dakota in the 1870s. They settled mainly in the eastern and northern parts of the state, because of the lack of farmland in Norway, the Norwegian immigrants sought the wonderful fertile farmland of North Dakota. Some of the immigrants had spent a few years in other states before they arrived in North Dakota. In 1880 the census recorded 8,814 Norwegians in North Dakota, the towns of Columbus and Larson are approximately 100% Norwegian, founded by Columbus Larsson in 1906 and 1907. Columbus had 672 inhabitants in 1960, while it has just 133 in 2010, although these towns have a strong Norwegian heritage, none of the inhabitants speak Norwegian. Like the trend for the rest of North Dakotans, Norwegians are moving out of the rural areas, there are several examples of Norwegian ghost towns in North Dakota, especially in the northwestern part of the state. Telemark settlers found their way to most of the settlements in North Dakota in the late 1870s. In 1880, a band of people from Telemark, settled in the area of what is now Bue in Nelson County and their main cash crop was wheat, and they soon found that raising cattle was also quite lucrative. The main markets were in Valley City and Grand Forks, Sondre Norheim, Father of Modern Skiing, immigrated to North Dakota. On May 30,1884 Sondre and Rannei left Norway together with three of their children– Anne, Åmund and Talleiv and their son Olav and daughter Hæge had left home previously, and their eldest daughter Ingerid, decided to stay back home. Norheim followed in the footsteps of many of his neighbors in Morgedal, after having first settled in Minnesota, they moved to North Dakota, near Villard in McHenry County. He continued to ski when he could, though the climate and it was said he always had a pair of skis placed outside his door. Norheim grew more religious with age and helped build a Lutheran church in Villard and he died in 1897 and was buried in Denbigh, McHenry County, North Dakota. According to the 1860 Census there were 129 Norwegians in South Dakota and that changed fast, in 1880 one-tenth of the population was Norwegian, and in 1889 one-third of the population were Norwegians
