1.
Chance Brothers
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Chance Brothers and Company was a glassworks originally based in Spon Lane, Smethwick, West Midlands, in England. It was a glass manufacturer and a pioneer of British glassmaking technology. The Chance family originated in Bromsgrove as farmers and craftsmen before setting up business in Smethwick in 1824, the social and economic impact of the company on the region is the subject of a project sponsored by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Robert Lucas Chance, known as Lucas, bought the British Crown Glass Companys works in Spon Lane in 1824, the company specialised in making crown window glass. The company ran into difficulty and its survival was guaranteed in 1832 by investment from Chances brother, William who owned an iron merchants in Great Charles Street, Birmingham. After the partnership with the Hartley Brothers was dissolved in 1836, Lucas and William Chance became partners in the business, Chance Brothers was amongst the earliest glass works to carry out the cylinder process in Europe, and the company became known as. The greatest glass manufacturer in Britain, in 1832, it made the first British cylinder blown sheet glass using French and Belgian workers. In 1839, a development named plate glass was patented by James Timmins Chance. Bontemps agreed to share the secret with Chance Brothers and stayed in England to collaborate with them for six years, just three other companies in Britain made glass in the same way, Pilkington of St Helens, Hartleys of Sunderland and Cooksons of Newcastle. During 1832, Chance Brothers became the first company to adopt the method to produce sheet glass, and became the largest British manufacturer of window and plate glass. Other Chance Brothers projects included glazing the Crystal Palace to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, at that time it was the only firm able to make the opal glass for the four faces of the Westminster Clock Tower which houses the famous bell, Big Ben. The ornamental windows for the White House in America were also made there, other products included stained glass windows, ornamental lamp shades, microscope glass slides, painted glassware, glass tubing and specialist types of glass. They made a 24 inch flint glass lens for the Craig telescope, the French lens craftsman George Bontemps helped on the project, which for its day was a very large lens. They only made part of the lens which was a doublet, in 1870 Chance Brothers took over the failing Nailsea Glassworks but problems with coal supply lead to the closure of that business. In 1900 a baronetcy was created for James Timmins Chance, a grandson of William Chance, James became head of Chance Brothers until his retirement in 1889, when the company became a public company and its name changed to Chance Brothers & Co. Ltd. Sir James Chance was the first baronet, another member of the family, Edgar Chance, a noted ornithologist, managed the business between the first and second World Wars. In the early 20th century, many new ways of making glass evolved at Chance Brothers such as the welding of a cathode ray tube used for radar detection. Chance also popularised slumped glass tableware, Fiestaware that included many innovative designs, and also Lace, Night Sky, Green Leaves, Calypto, with floral depictions from 1965 with Anemone
2.
Nashville, Tennessee
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Nashville is the capital of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the central part of the state. The city is a center for the music, healthcare, publishing, banking and transportation industries and it is known as a center of the country music industry, earning it the nickname Music City, U. S. A. Since 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government which includes six municipalities in a two-tier system. Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council, thirty-five of the members are elected from single-member districts, five are elected at-large. Reflecting the citys position in government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Courts courthouse for Middle Tennessee. According to 2015 estimates from the U. S. Census Bureau, the balance population, which excludes semi-independent municipalities within Nashville, was 654,610. The 2015 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,830,345, the 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,951,644. The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and it was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks, in 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee, by 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The citys significance as a port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops, the state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton, meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and these healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, which can still be seen around the downtown area. Circa 1950 the state approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority populations political power in the city and they could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice
3.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
4.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
5.
Word Records
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Word Records is a Christian faith-based entertainment company based in Nashville, Tennessee. It is owned by Curb Records and is a part of Word Entertainment, Word Records was founded in Waco, Texas, in 1951 by Jarrell McCracken, Baylor business major Henry SoRelle and radio and television executive Ted Snider. The labels name is based on a 16-minute spoken word recording written and narrated by McCracken, the event is based on a full length match between the forces of Good and Evil with Jesus Christ and Satan coaching the two teams. McCracken was familiar with play-by-play broadcasting, having created virtual baseball games for radio broadcast based on wire reports, McCracken originally presented his The Game of Life presentation on Sunday nights at various churches around the central Texas area. Everywhere he presented The Game of Life, he got requests for copies, eventually, he had a short run of records pressed to offer at churches where he spoke. The fictional radio station in the recording has the call letters WORD, after being asked by a friend when he was going to release a follow-up, McCracken then decided to pursue the label on a more serious level. Subsequent records focused on other spoken word recordings, but Word soon branched out into gospel music. Early employees for the label included Tom Norfleet, Kurt Kaiser, the label struggled initially until Marvin Norcross became an equity partner. By 1954, Word had become a house as well. Several subsidiary labels were started over the years, Canaan Records in the sixties, Myrrh Records and DaySpring Records in 1977, two of these labels no longer exist today in their original form. The Myrrh Label was resurrected in 2005 as a praise and worship record label, Canaan Records was also re-opened in early 2007 with Dave Clark at the helm. Larry Normans Solid Rock Records had a deal with Word from 1975 to 1980. Artists on Solid Rock included Norman, Randy Stonehill, Daniel Amos, Tom Howard, light Records was distributed in the 1970s by Word Records before being sold to Ralph Carmichael in the 1980s. Reunion Records signed a distribution and promotion contract in the 80s, today, Reunion Records is distributed through Provident Music Group. Star Song was distributed by Word Records but left their distribution deal in the late 1980s to sign with Sparrow Records which was taken over by Chordant Distribution and then by EMI. Distribution deals with labels in the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s allowed Word Records to rise to the top. They distributed, promoted, and advertised the biggest names in contemporary Christian music, artists such as Amy Grant, Michael W. In the 1976, McCracken sold part interest in his label to the American Broadcasting Company,10 years later, ABC merged with Capital Cities, Inc. and forced McCracken out of the company
6.
Curb Records
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Curb Records is an independent record label started by Mike Curb originally as Sidewalk Records in 1963. From 1969 to 1973, Curb merged with MGM Records where Curb served as President of MGM, the Four Seasons comeback album, Who Loves You, included December 1963, which was the first single to spend more than one year on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart. Curbs roster past and present includes Lee Brice, LeAnn Rimes, Hank Williams, sheppard, Jim Stafford, Ray Stevens, Andreas Moss, Jonathan Thulin and Tim McGraw. In late 2002, Curb Records also acquired a stake in Word Records from then-owners Time Warner, Curb still holds partnership in Word even though Time Warners stake was sold to newly formed spin-off Warner Music Group in 2004. Four-time GMA Music Award Female Vocalist of the Year Natalie Grant is signed to Curb Records in addition to the 5 time GMA music award winning group Selah. Mullen, Larry Norman, Jonathan Pierce, Plumb, Point of Grace, Group 1 Crew, Salvador, Jamie Slocum, Steller Kart, Jaci Velasquez and Mark Schultz. In 2006, Curb launched a rock label, Bruc Records. Straight to Hell by Neotraditional country artist Hank Williams III was the first album to be released on the new imprint, in 2011, Curb filed a lawsuit against Country singer Tim McGraw, and McGraw filed a counter lawsuit against Curb. In 2012, he stopped recording with Curb, and switched to Big Machine Records, in 2015, Jim Ed Norman was named CEO of the Curb Group, however, Mike Curb remains extremely involved as the founder and chairman of the board. Curb Records supports charitable programs through the Mike Curb Family Foundation and these historic facilities are being used by students at the various Curb supported colleges and universities for the purpose of studying music history. In October 2008 the 6,000 seat Curb Event Center at Belmont University in Nashville, in the United Kingdom, Curb artists are eligible for the UK independent charts. In January 2006, Curb scored a top ten hit with Brian Kennedy and Peter Corrys Tribute to George Best, Curb previously had major hits in Europe with the Four Seasons, the Osmonds, LeAnn Rimes, and Soundtracks such as Coyote Ugly
7.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
8.
GMA Dove Award
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A Dove Award is an accolade by the Gospel Music Association of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the Christian music industry. Formerly held in Nashville, Tennessee, the Dove Awards took place in Atlanta, Georgia during 2011 and 2012, the ceremonies feature live musical performances and are broadcast on TBN. The awards were established in 1969, and represent a variety of styles, including rock, pop, hip hop, country. The Dove Awards were originally conceptualized by Gospel singer and songwriter Bill Gaither, the idea of the award being represented by a dove is credited to Gaither and design for the award itself is credited to gospel singer Les Beasley. The first GMA Dove Awards were held at the Peabody Hotel in Memphis, in 1971, the awards moved to Nashville. There were no awards held in 1979, due to a decision by the Gospel Music Association to move the awards from autumn to spring, every ceremony since has been held in the spring. The first televised ceremony was the 15th GMA Dove Awards of 1984, the awards were held in Nashville until 2011 before being presented at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia in 2012. They returned to Nashville in 2013, and have held at the Allen Arena on the campus of Lipscomb University since. The General Field includes seven awards which are not restricted by genre, Song of the Year is awarded to the songwriter, prior to the definition, the only qualified music was that sold in Christian Booksellers Association affiliated stores. The new standards resulted in complaints by fans and artists after thirteen entries were disqualified as being too secular in the 1999 Dove Awards. The rules were rescinded afterwards, and many groups disqualified by the rulings in 1999 were winners in 2000, Christian pop culture Gospel Music Association of Canada Covenant Awards Official website GMA website Past winners
9.
ESPN
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ESPN is a U. S. -based global cable and satellite sports television channel owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol, Connecticut, the network also operates offices in Miami, New York City, Seattle, Charlotte, and Los Angeles. John Skipper currently serves as president of ESPN, a position he has held since January 1,2012, as of February 2015, ESPN is available to approximately 94,396,000 paid television households in the United States. In 2011, ESPNs history and rise was chronicled by These Guys Have All the Fun, Bill Rasmussen conceived the concept of ESPN in late May 1978, after he was fired from his job with the World Hockey Associations New England Whalers. One of the first steps in Bill and his son Scotts process was finding land to build the channels broadcasting facilities, the Rasmussens first rented office space in Plainville, Connecticut. However, the plan to base ESPN there was put on hold because a local ordinance prohibiting buildings from bearing rooftop satellite dishes and this helped the credibility of the fledgling company, however there were still many doubters to the viability of their sports channel concept. ESPN launched on September 7,1979, beginning with the first telecast of what would become the flagship program. Taped in front of a live audience inside the Bristol studios. ESPNs next big break came when the acquired the rights to broadcast coverage of the early rounds of the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament. It first aired the NCAA tournament in March 1980, creating the modern day television event known as March Madness. The channels tournament coverage also launched the career of Dick Vitale. In April of that year, ESPN created another made-for-TV spectacle, the next major stepping stone for ESPN came over the course of a couple of months in 1984. During this time period, the American Broadcasting Company purchased 100% of ESPN from the Rasmussens, for years, the NFL, NBA and Major League Baseball refused to consider cable as a means of broadcasting some of their games. However, with the backing of ABC, ESPNs ability to compete for major sports contracts greatly increased, later in 1984, the U. S. ESPNs Sunday Night Football games would become the highest-rated NFL telecasts for the next 17 years. In 1992, ESPN launched ESPN Radio, a sports talk radio network providing analysis. It became the fastest growing cable channel in the U. S. during the 1990s, ownership of ABC, and in effect control of ESPN, was acquired first by Capital Cities Communications in 1985, and then by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. In 2012, ESPN generated more revenue for Disney than any of its other properties combined, alongside its live sports broadcasts, ESPN also airs a variety of sports highlight, talk, and documentary-styled shows. 30 for 30 started airing in 2009 and continues airing to this day, each episode is through the eyes of a well known filmmaker and has featured some of the biggest directors in Hollywood
10.
Evanescence
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Evanescence /ˌɛv. æn. ˈɛs. ɛns/ is an American rock band founded in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1995 by singer/pianist Amy Lee and guitarist Ben Moody. After recording independent albums, the released their first full-length album, Fallen. Fallen sold more than 17 million copies worldwide and helped the band win two Grammy Awards out of seven nominations, as well as scoring No.6 in CBSs Top Bestselling Albums of the Last 10 Years. A year later, Evanescence released their first live album, Anywhere but Home, in 2006, the band released their second studio album, The Open Door, which sold more than five million copies. As a result, none of the three studio albums feature the same lineup. The latter two led to a hiatus, with temporary band members contributing to tour performances. Billboard ranked Evanescence No.71 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart, announced in June 2009, the newest line-up of the band eventually returned with Evanescence, their self-titled third studio album, released on October 11,2011. It debuted at No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart with 127,000 copies in sales, the album also debuted at No.1 on four other different Billboard charts, the Rock Albums, Digital Albums, Alternative Albums, and the Hard Rock Albums charts. The band spent 2012 on tour in promotion of their latest album with bands including The Pretty Reckless. Troy McLawhorn also became a band member during this time. Following the end of the tour cycle in 2012, the band entered another hiatus. In 2015, the band emerged from hiatus and announced they would resume touring, however, they denied that new Evanescence material was being produced, in addition, Balsamo left the band and was replaced by Jen Majura. Late 2016 saw additional touring from the band and a statement from Lee that Evanescence would continue, in March 2017, Lee stated Evanescence was working on a fourth album for release later in 2017. Evanescence was founded by singer, pianist and songwriter Amy Lee and former lead guitarist, the two met in 1994 at a youth camp in Little Rock, where Moody heard Lee playing a Meat Loaf song on the piano. The band became popular performing in coffee shops around the Little Rock area. After experimenting with band names, such as Childish Intentions and Stricken, they decided on Evanescence, the first is the self-titled Evanescence EP, of which about 100 copies were made and distributed at the bands early live performances. The second is the Sound Asleep EP, also known as the Whisper EP, there was also a third EP called Mystary EP. For their first full-length demo CD, Origin, about 2,500 copies were produced, Origin and the EPs contain demo versions of some songs on their debut album, Fallen
11.
Dallas
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Dallas is a major city in the U. S. state of Texas. It is the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the citys population ranks ninth in the U. S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. The citys prominence arose from its importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries. The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat, however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. According to the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 1,197,816, the United States Census Bureaus estimate for the citys population increased to 1,300,092 as of July 1,2015. In 2016 DFW ascended to the one spot in the nation in year-over-year population growth. In 2014, the metropolitan economy surpassed Washington, D. C. to become the fifth largest in the U. S. with a 2014 real GDP over $504 billion, as such, the metropolitan areas economy is the 10th largest in the world. As of January 2017, the job count has increased to 3,558,200 jobs. The citys economy is based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, technology, energy, healthcare and medical research. The city is home to the third-largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas, Dallas is the core of the largest metropolitan area in the South. Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were developed due to the construction of railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton, cattle. Later, France also claimed the area but never established much settlement, the area remained under Spanish rule until 1821, when Mexico declared independence from Spain, and the area was considered part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. In 1836, the Republic of Texas, with majority Anglo-American settlers, in 1839, Warren Angus Ferris surveyed the area around present-day Dallas. John Neely Bryan established a permanent settlement near the Trinity River named Dallas in 1841, the origin of the name is uncertain. The Republic of Texas was annexed by the United States in 1845, Dallas was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1856. With construction of railroads, Dallas became a business and trading center and it became an industrial city, attracting workers from Texas, the South and the Midwest. The Praetorian Building of 15 stories, built in 1909, was the first skyscraper west of the Mississippi and it marked the prominence of Dallas as a city
12.
Latin
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Latin is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, Latin was originally spoken in Latium, in the Italian Peninsula. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Italian and French have contributed many words to the English language, Latin and Ancient Greek roots are used in theology, biology, and medicine. By the late Roman Republic, Old Latin had been standardised into Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin was the colloquial form spoken during the same time and attested in inscriptions and the works of comic playwrights like Plautus and Terence. Late Latin is the language from the 3rd century. Later, Early Modern Latin and Modern Latin evolved, Latin was used as the language of international communication, scholarship, and science until well into the 18th century, when it began to be supplanted by vernaculars. Ecclesiastical Latin remains the language of the Holy See and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. Today, many students, scholars and members of the Catholic clergy speak Latin fluently and it is taught in primary, secondary and postsecondary educational institutions around the world. The language has been passed down through various forms, some inscriptions have been published in an internationally agreed, monumental, multivolume series, the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Authors and publishers vary, but the format is about the same, volumes detailing inscriptions with a critical apparatus stating the provenance, the reading and interpretation of these inscriptions is the subject matter of the field of epigraphy. The works of several hundred ancient authors who wrote in Latin have survived in whole or in part and they are in part the subject matter of the field of classics. The Cat in the Hat, and a book of fairy tales, additional resources include phrasebooks and resources for rendering everyday phrases and concepts into Latin, such as Meissners Latin Phrasebook. The Latin influence in English has been significant at all stages of its insular development. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, English writers cobbled together huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek words, dubbed inkhorn terms, as if they had spilled from a pot of ink. Many of these words were used once by the author and then forgotten, many of the most common polysyllabic English words are of Latin origin through the medium of Old French. Romance words make respectively 59%, 20% and 14% of English, German and those figures can rise dramatically when only non-compound and non-derived words are included. Accordingly, Romance words make roughly 35% of the vocabulary of Dutch, Roman engineering had the same effect on scientific terminology as a whole
13.
Kahlil Gibran
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Kahlil Gibran was a Lebanese-American artist, poet, and writer of the New York Pen League. Gibran was born in the town of Bsharri in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, Ottoman Empire, to Khalil Gibran, as a young man Gibran immigrated with his family to the United States, where he studied art and began his literary career, writing in both English and Arabic. In the Arab world, Gibran is regarded as a literary and his romantic style was at the heart of a renaissance in modern Arabic literature, especially prose poetry, breaking away from the classical school. In Lebanon, he is celebrated as a literary hero. He is chiefly known in the English-speaking world for his 1923 book The Prophet, the book sold well despite a cool critical reception, gaining popularity in the 1930s and again especially in the 1960s counterculture. Gibran is the third best-selling poet of all time, behind Shakespeare, Gibran was born into a Maronite Catholic family from the historical town of Bsharri in northern Mount Lebanon, then a semi-autonomous part of the Ottoman Empire. His mother, Kamila, daughter of a priest, was thirty when he was born, his father, as a result of his familys poverty, Gibran received no formal schooling during his youth in Lebanon. However, priests visited him regularly and taught him about the Bible, Gibrans father initially worked in an apothecary, but with gambling debts he was unable to pay, he went to work for a local Ottoman-appointed administrator. Around 1891, extensive complaints by angry subjects led to the administrator being removed, Gibrans father was imprisoned for embezzlement, and his familys property was confiscated by the authorities. Kamila Gibran decided to follow her brother to the United States, the Gibrans settled in Bostons South End, at the time the second-largest Syrian-Lebanese-American community in the United States. Due to a mistake at school, he was registered as Kahlil Gibran and his mother began working as a seamstress peddler, selling lace and linens that she carried from door to door. Gibran started school on September 30,1895, school officials placed him in a special class for immigrants to learn English. Gibran also enrolled in an art school at Denison House, a settlement house. Through his teachers there, he was introduced to the avant-garde Boston artist, photographer, and publisher Fred Holland Day, a publisher used some of Gibrans drawings for book covers in 1898. Gibrans mother, along with his elder brother Peter, wanted him to more of his own heritage rather than just the Western aesthetic culture he was attracted to. Thus, at the age of fifteen, Gibran returned to his homeland to study at a Maronite-run preparatory school and higher-education institute in Beirut and he started a student literary magazine with a classmate and was elected college poet. He stayed there for years before returning to Boston in 1902. Two weeks before he returned to Boston, his sister Sultana died of tuberculosis at the age of 14, the year after, Peter died of the same disease and his mother died of cancer
14.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
15.
Chvrches
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Chvrches are a Scottish synthpop band from Glasgow, formed in 2011. The band consists of Lauren Mayberry, Iain Cook and Martin Doherty, Two years after their formation, Chvrches released Recover EP in March 2013, which included hits The Mother We Share and Recover. Their debut studio album, The Bones of What You Believe, was released later on 20 September 2013, Two years later, on 25 September 2015, the group released their second album, Every Open Eye. Mostly deriving from the genre, Chvrches also incorporates indietronica, indie pop. The name of the band out of interest within the members. Before Chvrches, Iain Cook was a member of Aereogramme and The Unwinding Hours and he also wrote music for film and TV. Martin Doherty was a member of The Twilight Sad. According to Mayberry, Iain and Martin went to university together so theyve known each other for quite a long time, Mayberry completed a four-year law degree followed by a Masters in Journalism. This led her into a career in journalism for several years prior to music. She has played piano since childhood and drums since she was a teenager, from age 15 until 22, she played drums in various bands. Before Chvrches, Mayberry was a member of two bands, Boyfriend/Girlfriend and Blue Sky Archives. In the latter band she was the vocalist, drummer, Cook was producing an EP for Blue Sky Archives on a weekend in September 2011. Cook started a new project with Doherty and asked Mayberry to sing on a couple of demos and they wrote together for seven or eight months in a basement studio in Glasgow. Cook, Mayberry and Doherty decided to form a new band after the sessions proved to be successful and they chose the name Chvrches, using a Roman v to avoid confusions with actual churches on internet searches. Chvrches have also stated that the name has no religious connotation. The name is normally stylised in all capital letters, on 11 May 2012, Chvrches premiered the song Lies which was available exclusively as a free download from the blog of the Neon Gold label. On 5 November 2012 the band released their debut single. In June 2012 The Guardian featured Chvrches as one of New Bands of the Day, on 5 July 2012 Chvrches performed their debut gig at The Artschool Glasgow, Scotland
16.
Twenty One Pilots
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Twenty One Pilots is an American musical duo originating from Columbus, Ohio. The band was formed in 2009 by lead vocalist Tyler Joseph along with former members Nick Thomas and Chris Salih, who left in 2011. The duo rose to fame in the mid–2010s after several years of touring and they put out two self-released albums, Twenty One Pilots in 2009 and Regional at Best in 2011, before being signed by Fueled by Ramen in 2012. Their label debut, Vessel, was released in 2013, the duo achieved breakthrough success with their fourth album, Blurryface, which produced the successful singles Stressed Out and Ride. In addition, the single Heathens, recorded for the soundtrack of the film Suicide Squad, the duo have been nominated for five Grammy Awards, and have won one for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance. The band was formed in 2009 in Columbus, Ohio by college friends Tyler Joseph, Nick Thomas, Joseph explains that the storys theme of moral dilemma and choosing between the easy and the right decision inspired the name and formation of the band. On December 29,2009, they released their debut, self-titled album, Twenty One Pilots, in 2010, the band released two officially unreleased tracks to their SoundCloud account. These included a spinoff of Time to Say Goodbye by Andrea Bocelli and Sarah Brightman. Salih left on May 8,2011, and Thomas left the month on June 3,2011. Joseph was then joined by Josh Dun, former touring drummer of House of Heroes and their second self-release, Regional at Best, was released on July 8,2011, with the new lineup consisting of only Joseph and Dun. The album was accompanied by a free CD release show on the grounds of New Albany High School, in November 2011, they played a sold out show at Columbus Newport Music Hall, attracting the attention of a dozen record labels. That same year, the duo put out two free, otherwise unreleased songs via their newsletter, the original version of House of Gold. On February 11,2012, the released a music video on YouTube for an unreleased song titled Goner. Goner was rewritten and again recorded for its release on Blurryface in 2015, in April 2012, they announced their signing to Atlantic Records subsidiary label Fueled by Ramen during a sold out show at the Lifestyle Communities Pavilion. On July 17,2012, they released their debut Fueled by Ramen recording in the form of a three song EP, Three Songs, the next month, the band embarked on a short tour with Neon Trees and Walk the Moon. They worked with Greg Wells, producer of Adele and Katy Perry, on their first full-length album on the record label Fueled by Ramen,67, respectively, on the Japan Hot 100 after Lovely was released as a promotional single for the bands trip to Japan. On November 12,2012, the music video for Holding On to You was released on YouTube. Sequentially in 2013, music videos for Guns for Hands and Car Radio were uploaded on January 7 and April 19
17.
Panic! at the Disco
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Founded by childhood friends Ryan Ross, Spencer Smith, Brent Wilson and Brendon Urie, Panic. at the Disco recorded its first demos while its members were in high school. Shortly after, the recorded and released its debut studio album. Popularized by the single, I Write Sins Not Tragedies. In 2006, founding bassist Brent Wilson was fired from the band during a world tour. Influenced by 1960s rock bands the Beatles, the Zombies and the Beach Boys, and preceded by the single Nine in the Afternoon, odd. marked a significant departure from the sound of the bands debut. Ross and Walker, who favored the new direction, departed because Urie. The duo subsequently formed a new band, The Young Veins, leaving Urie, Weekes was later inducted into the bands lineup as a full-time member in 2010, nearing the end of the recording of the bands third studio album, Vices & Virtues. The album was recorded solely by Urie and Smith, with producers John Feldmann, as a three-piece, Urie, Smith, and Weekes recorded and released the bands fourth studio album, Too Weird to Live, Too Rare to Die. in 2013. Prior to the release of the album, Smith unofficially left the band due to health and drug-related issues, leaving Urie, in 2015, Smith officially left the band after not performing live with the band since his departure in 2013. Shortly thereafter, Weekes reverted to being a member once again. In April 2015, Hallelujah was released as the first single from Panic. at the Discos fifth studio album, Death of a Bachelor. Panic. at the Disco was formed in 2004 in the area of Summerlin, Las Vegas, by childhood friends Ryan Ross, who sang and played guitar, and Spencer Smith. They both attended Bishop Gorman High School, and they began playing together in ninth grade. They invited friend Brent Wilson from nearby Palo Verde High School to join on bass, the quartet soon began rehearsing in Smiths grandmothers living room. Urie grew up in a Mormon family in Las Vegas and early on skipped rehearsals to go to church, Ross initially was the lead vocalist for the group, but after hearing Urie sing back-up during rehearsals, the group decided to make him the lead. Initially, Panic. at the Disco was just a cover band. In the groups early experimental demos the band created a sound that was different from the many groups that were performing in Las Vegas at the time. The band signed a contract without having performed a live show
18.
HM (magazine)
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HM Magazine is a monthly, digital and print on demand publication focusing on hard music and alternative culture of interest to Christians. The magazine states that its goal is to honestly and accurately cover the current state of hard music and it is known for being one of the first magazines dedicated to covering Christian metal. The magazines content includes features, news, album, live show and book reviews, culture coverage, HMs occasional So and So Says feature is known for getting into artists deeper thoughts on Jesus Christ, spirituality, politics and other controversial topics. In 1985, Doug Van Pelt started Heavens Metal as a fanzine, the classified ad Van Pelts friend placed in Kerrang. Happened to be in the British rock magazines 100th issue — an issue with 100,000 extra copies and this affected the number of people ordering subscriptions. Soon, Heavens Metal achieved more popularity and became an official, professional publication, Heavens Metal achieved a regular subscription base of 15,000 readers. The name was changed to HM Magazine in 1995, where HM stood Hard Music, despite name and format changes over its history, the magazines spiritual focus remains identifiably Christian, as it follows both the Christian rock and the Christian metal movement. Bands sales usually rose when the ensembles were covered in the magazine, for example, during the mid-1990s, HM was the only magazine that covered P. O. D. The bands label appreciated HM for this, and eventually Atlantic Records bestowed upon Van Pelt the gold P. O. D, gold records are given to industry figures that impact sales. Two specific articles greatly bolstered HMs popularity, the first was the band Kings Xs vocalist Doug Pinnick revealing his homosexuality. In October 2004, Van Pelt revived the Heavens Metal name, starting a fanzine under the same name, christianity and metal music were also themes of this venture, but it was produced in a smaller, less formal format. The fanzine focused on the traditional styles of heavy metal. Currently, Heavens Metal is run alongside HM Magazine as a magazine within the magazine, HM has expanded to include acts other than those that would fit into the hard rock or metal category. It is not unusual to find an article on a rock band like Deas Vail or a synthpop group like Owl City. However, the focus remains steadfast in covering left-of-center bands. In an attempt to get out of debt, HM launched a Save HM Magazine Campaign in March 2012 through their website to raise funds in order to continue printing the publication, as a thanks to donors, contributors were offered a collection of songs available for download. In February 2013, Van Pelt sold the magazine to current editor David Stagg under undisclosed terms, Stagg had previously interned at HM Magazine in the summer of 2003, and remained on staff as a feature writer and reviewer when ownership changed to his hands. Official website Austin Chronicle, HM Editor/Publisher Doug Van Pelts Hard-Rocking Christian Empire August 7,2000 Phantom Tollbooth, Heavens Metal Re-launches As A Fanzine October 4,2004
19.
Live Nation Entertainment
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Live Nation Entertainment is an American global entertainment company, formed from the merger of Live Nation and Ticketmaster. It owns, leases, operates, has booking rights for and/or equity interests in a number of U. S. entertainment venues. The leadership consists of Greg Maffei as chairman and Canadian Michael Rapino as president, the merger initially received regulatory approval in Norway and Turkey in 2009. In October 2009, the United Kingdoms Competition Commission provisionally ruled against the merger, on December 22,2009, the Competition Commission reversed its decision and cleared the proposed merger. The United States Justice Department approved the merger on January 25,2010, AEG was given the option after five years to buy the software, replacing it with something else, or partnering with another ticketing company. Live Nation Entertainment bought AC Entertainment, a Knoxville Tennessee music company in October 2016
20.
David Guetta
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Pierre David Guetta is a French DJ, record producer, remixer, and songwriter. He co-founded Gum Productions with Lisa Dodgson and released his first album, Just a Little More Love, later, he released Guetta Blaster and Pop Life. The 2011 follow-up album, Nothing but the Beat, continued this success, containing the hit singles Where Them Girls At, Little Bad Girl, Without You, Titanium, and Turn Me On. He is among the first DJs to get into the EDM scene and is known as the Grandfather of EDM, Guetta has sold over nine million albums and 30 million singles worldwide. In 2011 Guetta was voted as the number one DJ in the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs fan poll, in 2013, Billboard crowned When Love Takes Over as the number one dance-pop collaboration of all time. Pierre David Guetta was born in Paris, France in 1967, to a Moroccan Jewish father, Guetta began to DJ at the Broad Club in Paris. He first played songs, and he discovered house music when he heard a Farley Jackmaster Funk track on French radio in 1987. The next year, he began hosting his own club nights, in 1990, he released Nation Rap, a hip-hop collaboration with French rapper Sidney Duteil. In the mid-1990s Guetta played in clubs including Le Centrale, the Rex, Le Boy, released in 1994 Guettas second single, a collaboration with American house vocalist Robert Owens titled Up & Away, was a minor club hit. In 1994, Guetta became the manager of Le Palace nightclub and he continued to organise parties there and in other clubs, such as the Scream parties in Les Bains Douches. In 2001, Guetta along with Joachim Garraud founded Gum Productions, Willis was vacationing in France when he met Guetta. Guettas debut album Just A Little More Love was released in 2002 on Virgin Records, the follow-up singles, were released in 2002. Guetta released a compilation, F*ck Me Im Famous, in 2003 and it included Just for One Day, a remix of David Bowies song Heroes. Later in his career, Guetta continued recording compilations under that title, Guettas second album, Guetta Blaster, was released in 2004. It released four singles, Money and Stay featuring Chris Willis and The World Is Mine, in 2006 the Just a Little More Love single Love Dont Let Me Go was re-released as a mash-up with the Tocadisco remix of Walking Away by The Egg. The mash-up single entitled Love Dont Let Me Go was charted higher than the release of the song. In 2007, Guettas third album Pop Life was released, the album was successful in the UK and Ireland as well as in mainland Europe. According to EMI in 2010, the album has sold a total of 530,000 copies worldwide, the lead single Love Is Gone reached Number 1 on the American Dance Chart and charted on the Billboard Hot 100
21.
Alabama Shakes
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Alabama Shakes is an American blues rock band formed in Athens, Alabama in 2009. The band currently consists of singer and guitarist Brittany Howard, guitarist Heath Fogg, bassist Zac Cockrell. The group rose to prominence in the early 2010s with their distinctive, the band began their career touring and performing at bars and clubs around the Southeast for two years while honing their sound and writing music. They recorded their album, Boys & Girls, with producer Andrija Tokic in Nashville while still unsigned. Online acclaim led ATO Records to sign the band, which released Boys & Girls in 2012 to acclaim, the album had a hit single, Hold On, and was nominated for three Grammy Awards. After a long touring cycle, the recorded their second record, Sound & Color, which was released in 2015 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Howard grew up interested in music, filling notebooks with lyrics and teaching herself to play drums, bass and she met upperclassman Heath Fogg in junior high when he played guitar at house parties. She met classmate and bassist Zac Cockrell in a psychology class some time later, after graduation, Howard hosted twice-weekly jam sessions at her great-grandparents former home. Drummer Steve Johnson, who had heard Howard singing at a party years prior and they began making music together and recording homemade demos having little else to do in the small town. The group made its debut in May 2009 under the name The Shakes. Fogg, by this point a guitarist in the Tuscaloosa-based Tucos Pistol, the band was nervous to perform for an audience, as they felt vulnerable. Their set included covers of Led Zeppelin, James Brown, Otis Redding, the show went over well, and Fogg soon joined the group. For much of their years, the Shakes performed shows on weekends at sports bars. They also began recording their album at Tokics Bomb Shelter—the home of producer Andrija Tokic—in Nashville. The band chose Tokics over other studios because they mostly live to tape. The band would complete arrangements in their hometown and drive an hour and their first breakthrough came when Justin Gage, a Los Angeles music blogger and SiriusXM host, found a photo of Howard performing online. After contacting the band, he posted an MP3 of their song You Aint Alone on his blog, Aquarium Drunkard. By the next morning, the group was awash in offers from record labels, Gage also contacted Patterson Hood, vocalist of the band Drive-By Truckers, who attended a show not long after
22.
J. Cole
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Jermaine Lamarr Cole, better known by his stage name J. Cole, is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer. Raised in Fayetteville, North Carolina, Cole initially gained recognition as a following the release of his debut mixtape, The Come Up. Intent on further pursuing a career as a rapper, he went on to release two additional mixtapes after signing to Jay Zs Roc Nation imprint in 2009. Cole released his studio album, Cole World, The Sideline Story. It debuted at one on the U. S. Billboard 200. His next two releases, 2013s Born Sinner and 2014s 2014 Forest Hills Drive, received positive reviews from critics. The latter earned him his first Grammy Award nomination for Best Rap Album, in 2016 Cole released his fourth studio album 4 Your Eyez Only, the album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. He has also developed other ventures, including Dreamville Records, as well as non-profit organization the Dreamville Foundation, Jermaine Lamarr Cole was born on January 28,1985 at a United States Army base in Frankfurt, West Germany. His father is an African-American former soldier for the U. S. Army, Coles father later abandoned the family during his youth, prompting his mother to relocate Cole and his brother, Zach Cole to Fayetteville, North Carolina. But at the end of the day, never felt white, I can identify but never have I felt like Im one of them. I identify more with what I look like, because thats how I got treated not necessarily in a negative way, during his youth, Cole expressed an affinity for basketball and music, and served as a first-chair violinist for the Terry Sanford Orchestra until 2003. Cole began rapping at 12, and saw it as a profession in 2000. During this period, Cole heightened emphasis on improving his production skills, Cole later collaborated with local group Bomm Sheltuh, rapping and producing while a member of the group. Upon graduating high school with a 4.2 GPA, Cole decided that his chances of securing a contract would be better in New York City. He relocated there and accepted a scholarship to St. Johns University, initially majoring in computer science, Cole later switched to communication and business after witnessing the life of a lonely computer science professor. While a student at the college, Cole was the president of Haraya, by 14, Cole had various notebooks filled with song ideas, however, was unable to produce beats further than sampling. Coles mother later purchased him the Roland TR-808 drum machine in order to further Coles understanding of production, over the next three years, he began posting songs on various internet forums under the moniker Blaza, but later switched to the name Therapist. Cole waited for three hours, before being dismissed by Jay Z. Cole later used the CD as the backdrop for his debut mixtape
23.
Austin, Texas
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Austin is the capital of the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the 11th-most populous city in the U. S. and it is the fastest growing large city in the United States and the second most populous capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U. S. Census Bureaus July 1,2015 estimate and it is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,056,405 as of July 1,2016. In the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River, in 1839, the site was officially chosen to replace Houston as the new capital of the Republic of Texas and was incorporated under the name Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas and the republics first secretary of state. The city subsequently grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin. After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a city and, by the 1980s, it emerged as a center for technology. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including Amazon. com, cisco, eBay, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, Texas Instruments, 3M, and Whole Foods Market. Dells worldwide headquarters is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin, residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, blue-collar workers. The city also adopted Silicon Hills as a nickname in the 1990s due to an influx of technology. In the late 1800s, Austin was known as the City of the Violet Crown because of the glow of light across the hills just after sunset. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term Violet Crown in their name, Austin is known as a clean-air city for its stringent no-smoking ordinances that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars. The FBI ranked Austin as the second-safest major city in the U. S. for the year 2012, U. S. News & World Report named Austin the best place to live in the U. S. in 2017. Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of habitation since at least 9200 BC. When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area, the Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, in 1730, three missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in area for only about seven months
24.
Red (band)
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Red is an American rock band from Nashville, Tennessee, formed in 2002. The bands lineup consists of singer Michael Barnes, guitarist Anthony Armstrong and they are known for playing Christian rock music which incorporates other sounds such as alternative rock, alternative metal, hard rock, heavy metal and post-grunge. Jasen Rauch and Andrew Hendrix were the rhythm guitarist and drummer, respectively, Hendrix was replaced by Hayden Lamb in 2006, who was then replaced by Joe Rickard, who left in 2014. Though Rauch left the band in 2009, he contributed to songwriting until the fifth album, Of Beauty. To date, Red has released five albums, End of Silence, Innocence & Instinct, Until We Have Faces, Release the Panic. The first two earned the group Grammy Award Nominations for Best Rock Gospel Album while Until We Have Faces had a No.2 debut on Billboard 200. Red was formed by brothers, guitarist Anthony and bassist Randy Armstrong, lead vocalist Michael Barnes, drummer Andrew Hendrix. According to the End of Silence album booklet, Rauch was the primary composer. Enlisting the talents of Grammy-nominated and Dove award-winning rock producer, Rob Graves, after recording several demo songs, the band was quickly signed by Sony BMG imprint, Essential Records. Hendrix parted ways with the band and after an extended search, as a result of his successful early work with Red, Graves was chosen to produce the bands debut album End of Silence. When asked if they are a Christian band, Anthony Armstrong states, If they ask us if were a Christian band, we tell them yes. And if they ask us why, we tell them why, in an interview on Always Acoustic, Jasen Rauch talks about the meaning of the band name, Red. He states that its not short for anything, its just Red. He gives credit to Hendrix for the name, the band is well known for their fiery and energetic live shows, performing an impressive 2000+ concerts since End of Silence was released. They have sold more than 700,000 copies of End of Silence and Innocence & Instinct combined. Red occasionally offers Acoustic Experience tickets, in which fans are allowed an opportunity to hang out with the band aboard the bus with them. The bands debut album End of Silence was released in 2006, the albums first single, Breathe Into Me, peaked at No.15 on the U. S. Mainstream Rock chart and won the Rock Recorded Song of the Year award at the 38th annual GMA Dove Awards in 2007, the music video is set to photographs in a film lab, where the band plays
25.
Demon Hunter
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Demon Hunter is an American Christian metal band from Seattle, Washington, started in 2000 by brothers Don Clark and Ryan Clark. Although the brothers created the band, only one remains, since Don Clark has left the band to take care of his family, as of early 2010, the band has sold over half a million albums. The bands style is known for combining nu metal sounds and qualities with ones heard in metalcore, Ryan had previously played guitar in hardcore band Focal Point, who released an album on Tooth & Nail/Solid State when Ryan was still in his teens. Demon Hunter first appeared on This is Solid State Vol.3 with their first song Through the Black released in February 2002, Demon Hunters self-titled album was released in October 2002 on Tooth and Nail Records subsidiary Solid State Records. Ryan and Don wrote all of the songs, performed the majority of the instruments and hired Jesse Sprinkle, formerly of Poor Old Lu, at first the members of the band chose to hide or obscure their identities in photos and in the press. Demon Hunter returned to the studio to record their second release, Summer of Darkness, with McCaddon contributing. Demon Hunter hit the road that summer with McCaddon on lead and Dunn on bass and this time Demon Hunter took with them rock/post-hardcore rookies Dead Poetic, along with metalcore band Haste the Day. Post-hardcore band Staple replaced Haste the Day towards the end of the tour, in 2005, Demon Hunter went back to The Compound in Seattle, Washington to record their third album, entitled The Triptych. The word triptych centers around the concept of three, as it was the third album. Included on the album is a cover of Prongs song Snap Your Fingers and this album debuted Watts as Sprinkles permanent replacement on drums as well as the addition of Ethan Luck as lead guitarist, replacing Kris McCaddon. The Triptych was even bigger than Summer of Darkness, selling more than twice as many records on its first week of release than Summer of Darkness had, undying was the bands first single from this album, and was also made into a music video directed by Chris Sims. Demon Hunters only 2006 tour took place over the summer with Zao, Becoming the Archetype, August Burns Red, the band shot a video for One Thousand Apologies after the tour was over with director Darren Doane at the helm. The Triptych was re-released on October 31,2006 with a DVD accompanying the album, Demon Hunter entered the studio in June 2007 to record their fourth full-length album, Storm the Gates of Hell, which was released on November 6,2007. Solid State released three versions of the album with various bonuses, fading Away was the albums first single and music video. On March 13,2008, Carry Me Down debuted on Headbangers Balls website as the second music video. In 2008, the band headlined the Stronger Than Hell tour, the tour also included Oh, Sleeper, The Famine, and Advent. This tour completed July 5,2008, at Cornerstone Festival in Illinois,45 Days was directed by Cale Glendening. A live album, Live in Nashville, was released on January 27,2009 and it includes 14 songs from their show in Nashville, Tennessee from their Stronger Than Hell tour
26.
New Orleans
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New Orleans is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U. S. Census, the New Orleans metropolitan area had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,452,502. The city is named after the Duke of Orleans, who reigned as Regent for Louis XV from 1715 to 1723, as it was established by French colonists and it is well known for its distinct French and Spanish Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music, and its celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is referred to as the most unique in the United States. New Orleans is located in southeastern Louisiana, straddling the Mississippi River, the city and Orleans Parish are coterminous. The city and parish are bounded by the parishes of St. Tammany to the north, St. Bernard to the east, Plaquemines to the south, and Jefferson to the south and west. Lake Pontchartrain, part of which is included in the city limits, lies to the north, before Hurricane Katrina, Orleans Parish was the most populous parish in Louisiana. As of 2015, it ranks third in population, trailing neighboring Jefferson Parish, La Nouvelle-Orléans was founded May 7,1718, by the French Mississippi Company, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, on land inhabited by the Chitimacha. It was named for Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who was Regent of the Kingdom of France at the time and his title came from the French city of Orléans. The French colony was ceded to the Spanish Empire in the Treaty of Paris, during the American Revolutionary War, New Orleans was an important port for smuggling aid to the rebels, transporting military equipment and supplies up the Mississippi River. Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez successfully launched a campaign against the British from the city in 1779. New Orleans remained under Spanish control until 1803, when it reverted briefly to French oversight, nearly all of the surviving 18th-century architecture of the Vieux Carré dates from the Spanish period, the most notable exception being the Old Ursuline Convent. Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, thereafter, the city grew rapidly with influxes of Americans, French, Creoles, and Africans. Later immigrants were Irish, Germans, and Italians, Major commodity crops of sugar and cotton were cultivated with slave labor on large plantations outside the city. The Haitian Revolution ended in 1804 and established the republic in the Western Hemisphere. It had occurred several years in what was then the French colony of Saint-Domingue
27.
Halloween
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It begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints, martyrs, and all the faithful departed. Some academics, however, support the view that Halloween began independently as a solely Christian holiday. Some Christians historically abstained from meat on All Hallows Eve, a reflected in the eating of certain foods on this vigil day, including apples, potato pancakes. The word Halloween or Halloween dates to about 1745 and is of Christian origin, the word Halloween means hallowed evening or holy evening. It comes from a Scottish term for All Hallows Eve, in Scots, the word eve is even, and this is contracted to een or een. Over time, Hallow Een evolved into Halloween, although the phrase All Hallows is found in Old English All Hallows Eve is itself not seen until 1556. Todays Halloween customs are thought to have influenced by folk customs and beliefs from the Celtic-speaking countries. Samhain was the first and most important of the four days in the medieval Gaelic calendar and was celebrated on 31 October–1 November in Ireland, Scotland. A kindred festival was held at the time of year by the Brittonic Celts, called Calan Gaeaf in Wales, Kalan Gwav in Cornwall and Kalan Goañv in Brittany. For the Celts, the day ended and began at sunset, Samhain and Calan Gaeaf are mentioned in some of the earliest Irish and Welsh literature. The names have been used by historians to refer to Celtic Halloween customs up until the 19th century, samhain/Calan Gaeaf marked the end of the harvest season and beginning of winter or the darker half of the year. Like Beltane/Calan Mai, it was seen as a liminal time and this meant the Aos Sí, the spirits or fairies, could more easily come into our world and were particularly active. Most scholars see the Aos Sí as degraded versions of ancient gods whose power remained active in the minds even after they had been officially replaced by later religious beliefs. The Aos Sí were both respected and feared, with individuals often invoking the protection of God when approaching their dwellings, at Samhain, it was believed that the Aos Sí needed to be propitiated to ensure that the people and their livestock survived the winter. Offerings of food and drink, or portions of the crops, were left outside for the Aos Sí, the souls of the dead were also said to revisit their homes seeking hospitality. Places were set at the table and by the fire to welcome them. The belief that the souls of the return home on one night of the year. In 19th century Ireland, candles would be lit and prayers offered for the souls of the dead
28.
Voodoo Experience
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The Voodoo Music + Arts Experience, commonly referred to as Voodoo or Voodoo Fest, is a multi-day music and arts festival held in City Park in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Voodoo Experience has hosted more than 2000 artists and about one million festival goers during its 15-year tenure, the festival has been twice nominated for Pollstars Music Festival of the Year. It was acquired by Live Nation Entertainment in 2013 and is produced by C3 Presents. E. M, since its 1999 Halloween weekend debut, the annual event has become a Halloween tradition to music fans, both locally and others who travel from around the world. Throughout Voodoo’s 15-year run, more than one million festival goers have gathered to see performances from about 2,000 artists, Voodoo’s annual line-up traditionally features top-tier and innovative artists from a variety of musical genres. E. M. My Chemical Romance,50 Cent and 311, Voodoo was first held as a single day event on October 30,1999 at Tad Gormley Stadium in City Park. Planned and executed by Stephen Rehage, CEO of Rehage Entertainment, as the U. S. festival market swelled, Voodoo continued its growth, increasing both the festival site and musically expanding with the addition of stages and performers. In 2007, Voodoo expanded to a three-day event, originally scheduled for Halloween Weekend in New Orleans’ City Park, the Voodoo Music Experience was displaced by the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina. Festival organizers and Memphis representatives alike agreed this was an opportunity to increase the scope of the event. Nine Inch Nails, Queens of the Stone Age, The Secret Machines and it marked the first major multi-musical performance in the two months since Hurricane Katrina’s effects were felt in the city. The 2006 Voodoo Music Experience saw the debut of three areas on six distinct stages within the festival’s landscape, Le Ritual, Le Flambeau. In 2007, Voodoo expanded to three days and broke all attendance records with an estimated 100, 000+ fans in attendance. In April 2013, the Voodoo Music + Arts Experience announced an initial 15 acts to commemorate the 15th anniversary of Voodoo, the 15th anniversary Voodoo celebration also marked the debut of City Park’s Festival Grounds, a new permanent home for Voodoo. The 2016 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 28 -30,2016, the 2015 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 30-November 1,2015. The 2014 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 31-November 2,2014, the 2013 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from November 1–3,2013. The 2012 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 26–28,2012, the 2011 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 28–30,2011. The 2010 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 29–31,2010, the 2009 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 30-November 1,2009. The 2008 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 24–26,2008, the 2007 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 26–28,2007. The 2006 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 28–29,2006, the 2005 Voodoo Music + Arts Experience was held from October 29–30,2005
29.
Foo Fighters
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Foo Fighters is an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington in 1994. It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the death of Kurt Cobain. The group got its name from the UFOs and various phenomena that were reported by Allied aircraft pilots in World War II. The band began with performances in Portland, Oregon, Goldsmith quit during the recording of the groups second album, The Colour and the Shape, when most of the drum parts were re-recorded by Grohl himself. Smears departure followed soon afterward, though he would rejoin them in 2005 and they were replaced by Taylor Hawkins and Franz Stahl, respectively, although Stahl was fired before the recording of the groups third album, There Is Nothing Left to Lose. The band briefly continued as a trio until Chris Shiflett joined as the lead guitarist after the completion of There Is Nothing Left to Lose. The band released its album, One by One, in 2002. The group followed that release with the two-disc In Your Honor, Foo Fighters released its sixth album, Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace, in 2007. The bands seventh album, Wasting Light, produced by Butch Vig was released in 2011. In November 2014, the eighth studio album, Sonic Highways, was released as an accompanying soundtrack to the Grohl-directed 2014 miniseries of the same name. Over the course of the career, four of its albums have won Grammy Awards for Best Rock Album. As of 2015, the eight albums have sold 12 million copies in the U. S. and 30 million worldwide. Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl joined the grunge group Nirvana as its drummer in 1990, during tours, he took a guitar with him and wrote songs. Grohl held back these songs from the rest of the band, he said in 1997, I was in awe of, I thought it was best that I kept my songs to myself. Grohl occasionally booked studio time to record demos and covers of songs he liked, frontman Kurt Cobain was found dead in his Seattle home on April 8,1994, and Nirvana subsequently disbanded. Grohl received offers to work with artists, press rumors indicated he might be joining Pearl Jam and he almost accepted a permanent position as drummer in Tom Petty. Ultimately Grohl declined and instead entered Robert Lang Studios in October 1994 to record fifteen of the forty songs he had written. With the exception of a part on X-Static, played by Greg Dulli of the Afghan Whigs, Dave Grohl played every instrument
30.
Outkast
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Outkast is an American hip hop duo formed in 1991, in East Point, Atlanta, Georgia, composed of Atlanta-based rappers André André3000 Benjamin and Antwan Big Boi Patton. Benjamin and Patton formed the group as high school students in 1991, OutKast released their debut album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik in 1994, which gained popularity after the single Players Ball reached number one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart. With successive releases including ATLiens and Aquemini, the duo developed their sound, experimenting with a variety of styles. In 2000, Outkast released the critically acclaimed Stankonia, which included the singles Ms. Jackson, in 2003, the duo released the double album Speakerboxxx/The Love Below, which featured the number one singles Hey Ya. and The Way You Move. The album would win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America. Outkast next released the soundtrack for the 2006 musical film Idlewild, in 2007, the duo went on hiatus and both members have since pursued solo careers. In 2014, Outkast reunited to celebrate their 20th anniversary by performing at more than 40 festivals worldwide in 2014, the duo is one of the most successful hip-hop groups of all time, having received six Grammy Awards. Between six studio albums and a greatest hits release, Outkast has sold over 25 million records, meanwhile, they have garnered widespread critical acclaim, with publications such as Rolling Stone and Pitchfork Media listing albums such as Aquemini and Stankonia among the best of their era. Benjamin and Patton met in 1991 at the Lenox Square shopping mall when they were sixteen years old. The two lived in the East Point section of Atlanta and attended Tri-Cities High School, an arts based academy, during school, Benjamin and Patton participated in rap battles in the cafeteria. Benjamins parents were divorced and he was living with his father, meanwhile, Patton had to move with his four brothers and six sisters from Savannah to Atlanta. Benjamin and Patton eventually teamed up and were pursued by Organized Noize, OutKast, Organized Noize, and schoolmates Goodie Mob formed the nucleus of the Dungeon Family organization. During the holiday season of 1993, they released their first single, the songs funky style, much of it accomplished with live instrumentation, was a hit with audiences. Players Ball hit number-one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart, Players Ball also topped the R&B charts for six weeks. Their debut album, Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik, was issued on April 26,1994 and this initial effort is credited with laying the foundation for southern hip hop and is considered a classic by many. Every track on Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was produced by Organized Noize and featured members of the Dungeon Family. Follow-up singles included the track and Git Up Git Out. OutKast won Best New Rap Group at the Source Awards in 1995, in the same year, the group contributed Benz or a Beamer to the popular New Jersey Drive soundtrack
31.
Arctic Monkeys
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Arctic Monkeys are an English rock band formed in 2002 in High Green, a suburb of Sheffield. The band consists of Alex Turner, Matt Helders, Jamie Cook, former band member Andy Nicholson left the band in 2006 shortly after their debut album was released. They have released five albums, Whatever People Say I Am, Thats What Im Not, Favourite Worst Nightmare, Humbug, Suck It and See and AM, as well as one live album. Their debut album is the debut album by a band in British chart history. The band has won seven Brit Awards – winning both Best British Group and Best British Album three times, and have nominated for three Grammy Awards. They also won the Mercury Prize in 2006 for their debut album, the band have headlined at the Glastonbury Festival twice, in 2007 and again in 2013. The band began rehearsing at Yellow Arch Studios in Neepsend, after a few performances in 2003, the band began to record demos at 2fly studios in Sheffield. 18 songs were demoed in all and the collection, now known as Beneath the Boardwalk, was burned on to CDs to give away at gigs, the name Beneath the Boardwalk originated when the first batch of demos were sent around. The first sender, wanting to classify the demos, named them after where he received them, slowly, as more demos were spread, they were all classified under this name. This has led to many people believing that Beneath the Boardwalk was an early album. The group did not mind the distribution, saying we never made those demos to make money or anything and we were giving them away free anyway – that was a better way for people to hear them. The band began to grow in popularity across the north of England, receiving attention from BBC Radio and this release was limited to 500 CDs and 1,0007 records, but was also available to download from the iTunes Music Store. Soon after, the played at the Carling Stage of the Reading and Leeds Festivals. Their appearance was hyped by much of the press and the band was watched by an unusually large crowd. Eventually, they were signed to Domino in June 2005, the band said they were attracted to the DIY ethic of Domino owner Laurence Bell, who ran the label from his flat and only signed bands that he liked personally. The UKs Daily Star reported that this was followed in October by a £1 million publishing deal with EMI, Arctic Monkeys denied this on their website, dubbing the newspaper The Daily Stir. However, Domino had licensed the Australian and New Zealand publishing rights to EMI, two weeks previous to this, it made its first appearance on the cover of NME. Their second single, When the Sun Goes Down, released on 16 January 2006, also went straight to No.1 on the UK Singles Chart, selling 38,922 copies and taking over that position from Shayne Ward
32.
Skrillex
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Sonny John Moore, known professionally as Skrillex, is an American electronic dance music producer, DJ, singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He began his first tour as a solo artist in late 2007, after releasing the Gypsyhook EP in 2009, Moore was scheduled to record his debut studio album, Bells, with producer Noah Shain. However, he ceased production of the album and began performing under the name Skrillex, subsequently, he released the Scary Monsters and Nice Sprites EP in late–2010 and More Monsters and Sprites EP in mid–2011, both of which have since become moderate commercial successes. On December 5,2011, the BBC announced that he had nominated for their Sound of 2012 poll. On December 12,2011, he was also named MTVs Electronic Dance Music Artist of the Year, Skrillex has won a total of eight Grammy Awards and holds the world record for most Grammys won by an Electronic Dance Music artist. Skrillex has collaborated with Diplo, Boys Noize to form the groups of Jack Ü, on Moores 29th birthday in 2017, he reunited with From First To Last to release a single named Make War. Moore was born in the Highland Park neighborhood of Northeast Los Angeles, but moved to the Forest Hill neighborhood of San Francisco at the age of 2, where he attended elementary school. At the ages of 9 and 10, Moore attended a boarding school located in the Mojave Desert LV. By the time he was 12, his family moved back to his birthplace of Northeast Los Angeles, There he enrolled in a private academy school specializing in arts, the school used some of L Ron Hubbards teachings. Later he was schooled at the age of 14 due to bullying. In 2004, he learned he was adopted and dropped out of the program when he was 16, in 2004, Moore contacted Matt Good of From First to Last about playing guitar for the band on their debut album. After flying out to Georgia, Moore was heard singing by three producers, Derrick Thomas, Eric Dale, and McHale Butler, and was then made lead singer. In June 2004, Epitaph Records released the bands first full-length record with their new bandmate, Dear Diary, after performing on several successful tours, two being the Vans Warped Tour and Dead by Dawn tour, they began recording their second album, Heroine with producer Ross Robinson. The album was released in March 2006 on Epitaph, with high record sales once again, the band found themselves part of many successful tours, until Moore started suffering vocal problems, causing the band to resign from several tours. After going through a successful surgical procedure, Moore informed the band he would be permanently resigning to work on a solo career. FFTLs last show performed with Moore was in their hometown of Orlando at The House of Blues while touring with Atreyu, Moore announced he had left From First to Last to pursue a solo career. He then launched a Myspace page displaying three demos and this led to Moores first performance since his leaving From First to Last. On April 7,2007, alongside harpist Carol Robbins, Moore played several songs at a local art building
33.
Winter Jam Tour Spectacular
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It is the United States largest annual Christian Music Tour. It has also provided a platform for groups such as Holt International. Conceived and created in 1995 as January Jam by CCM group Newsong and produced and promoted by the company, Premier Productions. From its inception in 1995 through the most recent 2016 tour, tickets are not required for the tour, as a US$10 general admission is collected at the door of each arena. In 2010 the tour was rated the two tour in the world. As of April 2011, they reported more than 1/2 million in total attendance, in 2009, the tour started using text messaging and e-mail as a way to communicate and keep track of the number of people who have made these decisions. The record attendance for a show was 21,000. On June 21,2011, Winter Jam announced on Facebook, the tour went to cities such as Tacoma, Bakersfield, Fresno, Ontario, CA, Sacramento, Denver, Phoenix, Albuquerque, Portland, Boise, and Las Vegas
34.
Matty Mullins
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Matty Mullins is an American rock musician. He is the lead vocalist of Dallas-based metalcore band Memphis May Fire, Matty Mullins was born on July 3,1988 in Spokane, Washington. He grew up in a Conservative Christian family and was allowed to attend to the concerts of Christian rock bands. Matty Mullins graduated at Shadle Park High School, at the age of 18, he married Brittany Mullins. He is living in Nashville, TN, before joining Memphis May Fire through an open audition in 2008 Mullins played in several local music groups in Spokane. He worked on the Between the Lies EP and the albums Sleepwalking, The Hollow, Challenger and he is featured as guest vocalist for several acts like Woe, Is Me, Hands Like Houses, Sleeping with Sirens, For Today, Spoken, and Yellowcard. In 2013 it was announced that Mullins started a solo project and his solo album was scheduled for release on September 23,2014 via Rise Records. It debuted on 66 at Billboard 200 charts in the US at the week of October 11,2014 and he stated being influenced by bands like Every Time I Die, Architects, Bring Me the Horizon and Asking Alexandria. Mullins is the songwriter for Memphis May Fire. His lyrics often deal with personal experiences, both as a person and a musician, and his religious beliefs. Mullins wrote the song Prove Me Right about the band label Trustkill Records and is a critic on the younger music industry. That song is about the industry and what it does to me. All they see is dollar signs, so that song is about everyone who ever kicked me when I was down – tried to make me feel like I couldn’t accomplish what I have today. It’s kind of a finger to everybody who ever said I couldn’t do it – because I’m here doing it right now. Mullins later stated “I was kinda at a time in my life—not that that’s an excuse for it at all—but I didn’t think so much about what I was saying before I said it. “I had good intentions, I think that my intentions were of the Spirit, I made a comment about the way that girls were dressing at Warped Tour to remind them to respect themselves, and had a huge uproar of people that were offended by the comment. Later on I did multiple interviews where I apologized for the wording that I chose. I think that most people have come to move past it
35.
Night of Joy (festival)
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Night of Joy is an annual contemporary Christian music festival that takes place at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. It started in 1983 and normally takes place in the first or second week of September, the event was held at the Magic Kingdom until 2008, when it was moved to Disneys Hollywood Studios for two years. At Night of Joy 2009, it was announced during the MercyMe concert that the event will return to the Magic Kingdom due to popular demand, in 2016, the event will be held at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex. Night of Joy is one of two current Christian rock festivals held in the Orlando, Florida area each year, the others is Rock the Universe, which is held at Universal Studios Florida, typically on the same nights as Night of Joy. It was notable for featuring far more rock bands than usual, one notable band playing was Skillet, who have played Rock the Universe several times. The 2009 event was notable because it featured three acts that played both days of the performance, following Conversations with acts performing one of the two days. Friday, September 11, Chris Tomlin P. O. D, previously, it had been held exclusively at the Magic Kingdom theme park. Smith Newsboys Hezekiah Walker Rebecca St
36.
Razor & Tie
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Razor & Tie is an American entertainment company which consists of a record label and a music publishing company. It was established in 1990 by Craig Balsam and Cliff Chenfeld, based in New York City, Razor & Tie releases are distributed by Universal Music Group. Razor & Tie initially focused on albums and re-issues. Directly marketed through television spots, the label had success with 70s, 80s and 90s-themed albums. A retail label was launched in 1995 to release new albums from established and developing artists, including Dar Williams, Graham Parker, in 2001, Balsam and Chenfeld created Kidz Bop, a series of albums with young singers covering pop hits. Releases on Razor & Tie have cumulatively exceeded sales of 45 million physical and digital albums, singles, videos, a music publishing division was founded in 2007, and in 2014 Razor & Tie launched Washington Square Records, an alternative leaning label. In 2015 Concord Bicycle acquired an undisclosed percentage of Razor & Tie, which now operates as Razor & Tie Enterprises LLC, Razor & Tie was founded by Craig Balsam and Cliff Chenfeld, who met while in law school at NYU. Musicians as well as fans, they played and wrote songs together while pursuing their degrees. Following several years of practicing separately at large, corporate firms, Balsam and we really didn’t enjoy practicing law as much as we enjoyed music. So we began to think about ways we could maybe change our careers, in 1990, they founded Razor & Tie, naming the company after a song they had written while working as lawyers. In late 1990, working out of Chenfelds apartment, Razor & Tie released their first record, Those Fabulous 70s and it was sold through a late-night television spot presented by The 70s Preservation Society, an obviously fictitious entity which Balsam and Chenfeld had created to market the album. Through the commercial—which featured a fellow with a tie so wide you could land a helicopter on it—the album sold in excess of 100,000 copies. Those Fabulous 70s was followed by a series of genre-specific 70s records and 80s compilations. Living in the 90s, released in 1995, was the bestselling album of the period. Razor & Ties early business model focused on reissues. It was great because we were allowed to get into a lot of music that we loved, and it was a business scale that worked very well for us. At the time, if we sold twenty thousand copies of something we could make that work, the first album Razor & Tie reissued was The Up Escalator by Graham Parker and the Rumour. In 1995, with an office in Greenwich Village, Razor & Tie launched a new music division, the first new artist signed to Razor & Tie was Dar Williams, who released her debut album The Honesty Room in February,1995
