1.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
2.
National Hockey League
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Headquartered in New York City, the NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the playoff champion at the end of each season. At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, the league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams. After a labour-management dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, in 2009, the NHL enjoyed record highs in terms of sponsorships, attendance, and television audiences. The league draws many highly skilled players from all over the world, canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons. The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association, founded in 1909, the NHA began play one year later with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, frank Calder was chosen as its first president, serving until his death in 1943. The Bulldogs were unable to play, and the remaining owners created a new team in Toronto, the first games were played on December 19,1917. The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations, the NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, which was an interleague competition back then. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association for the 1918 Stanley Cup. The Canadiens won the title in 1919, however their Stanley Cup Final against the PCHAs Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned as a result of the Spanish Flu epidemic. Montreal in 1924 won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL, the Hamilton Tigers, won the regular season title in 1924–25 but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus. The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after defeated the Toronto St. Patricks in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League for the 1925 Stanley Cup and it was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy, as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926 after the WCHL ceased operation. The National Hockey League embarked on rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons, the Bruins were the first American team in the league. The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, the New York Rangers were added in 1926. The Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars were also added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL, a group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Maple Leafs. The first NHL All-Star Game was held in 1934 to benefit Ace Bailey, the second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenzs family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game
3.
Goaltender
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In ice hockey, the goaltender is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their teams net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the goal crease, goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots. In todays age of goaltending there are two styles, butterfly and hybrid. Because of the power of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact, the goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice, as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game. One-on-one situations, such as breakaways and shootouts, have the tendency to highlight a goaltenders pure skill, only one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time. The goaltender is also known as the goalie, goaler, goalkeeper, net minder, in the early days of the sport, the term was spelled with a hyphen as goal-tender. The art of playing the position is called goaltending and there are coaches, the variation goalie is typically used for items associated with the position, such as goalie stick and goalie pads. Goaltending is a position in ice hockey, at higher levels in the game, no goalies play other positions. A typical ice hockey team may have two or three goaltenders on its roster, the NHL requires each team have a list of emergency goalies. The list provides goalie options for both the home and visiting teams and these goalies are to be called to a game if a team does not have two goalies to start the game. An emergency goalie may also be called if both roster goalies are injured in the same game, Jennings Trophy for fewest goals allowed. Martin Brodeur was the first goaltender in the National Hockey League to score a game-winning goal, the goaltender has special privileges and training that other players do not. He or she wears special goaltending equipment that is different from that worn by players and is subject to specific regulations. Goalies may use any part of their bodies to block shots, the goalie may legally hold the puck with his hands to cause a stoppage of play. If a player from the team hits the goaltender without making an attempt to get out of his way. In some leagues, if a goalies stick breaks, he can continue playing with a stick until the play is stopped. Additionally, if a goaltender acts in such a way that would cause a player to be given a penalty, such as slashing or tripping another player. Instead, one of the teammates who was on the ice at the time of the infraction is sent to the penalty box in his or her place
4.
Sergei Bobrovsky
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Sergei Andreyevich Bob Bobrovsky is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League. Bobrovsky won the Vezina Trophy for the 2012–13 regular season after posting a 21–11–6 record, Bobrovsky was never drafted into the NHL. After playing his first four seasons with Metallurg Novokuznetsk in Russia, Bobrovsky signed a three-year. Even after Leighton recovered, however, Bobrovsky continued to share duties with Brian Boucher, Flyers Head Coach Peter Laviolette named Bobrovsky the starting goaltender for the opening game of the 2010–11 season against the Pittsburgh Penguins on 7 October 2010. In his NHL debut, Bobrovsky picked up a 3–2 win and was named the games first star in the first regular game at Pittsburghs Consol Energy Center. At 22 years and 17 days, he became the youngest goaltender to win a game for the Flyers, eclipsing Ron Hextall. He was also the first Flyers rookie goaltender to win his NHL debut since Antero Niittymäki did so in 2004, Bobrovsky enjoyed a successful rookie season, posting a 28–13–8 record along with a.915 save percentage. As a result of the 2012–13 NHL lockout, Bobrovsky signed a contract with SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League, but returned to the Blue Jackets when the lockout finished. After splitting time early in the season, Bobrovsky supplanted Steve Mason as Columbuss starting goaltender, Bobrovsky was instrumental in the Blue Jackets push for a playoff spot, which ultimately came up just short, as the team finished in ninth place in the Western Conference. Despite this, however, Bobrovsky had 21 wins, and career bests of a 2.00 goals against average, with this performance, he was awarded the Vezina Trophy, awarded to the leagues top goaltender. On 1 July 2013 he signed a two-year, $11.25 million contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets, on July 3,2013, he was named to the NHL First All-Star Team. On 3 December 2013, Bobrovsky was injured in a game against the Tampa Bay Lightning and he returned to action on 6 January 2014, against the New York Rangers, earning a shootout victory by the score of 4–3. Bobrovsky also made a robbing glove save in the shootout on former Blue Jackets forward star Rick Nash, Bobrovsky backstopped the Blue Jackets in the 2014 Stanley Cup playoffs, where they played the Pittsburgh Penguins in the Eastern Conference quarter-finals. The Blue Jackets won their first playoff game in history on April 19,2014, in Game 2 by a score of 4–3. Bobrovsky played lights out in Game 5, saving 48 of 50 shots, the Blue Jackets, however, ended up losing the game 3–1. The Blue Jackets were eliminated in Game 6 on April 28,2014, at the end of that year, he played in the 2008 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, backstopping Russia to a bronze medal. Bobrovsky was one of the Russian goalies for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi and he and Semyon Varlamov split time tending the net. After a disappointing loss in a shootout to Team USA, the Russian team would end up being eliminated from the tournament by Finland with a 3–1 loss, Bobrovsky saw some action after Varlamov was pulled for letting in a couple of soft goals in the final game
5.
Montreal Canadiens
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The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the clubs official name is le Club de hockey Canadien. The team is referred to in English and French as the Habs. French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens, Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge, La Sainte-Flanelle, Le Tricolore, Les Glorieux, Les Habitants, Le CH and Le Grand Club. Founded in 1909, the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide, the franchise is one of the Original Six teams, a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion. The teams championship season in 1992–93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup, the Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise. They have won 24 Stanley Cups,22 of them since 1927, on a percentage basis, as of 2014, the franchise has won 25. Since 1996, the Canadiens have played their games at Centre Bell. The team previously played at the Montreal Forum which housed the team for seven decades and all, the Canadiens were founded by J. Ambrose OBrien on December 4,1909, as a charter member of the National Hockey Association, the forerunner to the National Hockey League. It was to be the team of the community in Montreal, composed of francophone players. The teams first season was not a success, as they placed last, after the first year, ownership was transferred to George Kennedy of Montreal and the teams fortunes improved over the next seasons. The team won its first Stanley Cup championship in the 1915–16 season, in 1917, with four other NHA teams, the Canadiens formed the NHL, and they won their first NHL Stanley Cup during the 1923–24 season, led by Howie Morenz. The team moved from the Mount Royal Arena to the Montreal Forum for the 1926–27 season, the club began the 1930s decade successfully, with Stanley Cup wins in 1930 and 1931. The Canadiens and its rival, the Montreal Maroons, declined both on the ice and economically during the Great Depression. Losses grew to the point where the team owners considering selling the team to interests in Cleveland, Ohio, the Maroons still suspended operations, and several of their players moved to the Canadiens. Led by the Punch Line of Maurice Rocket Richard, Toe Blake and Elmer Lach in the 1940s, the Canadiens added ten more championships in 15 seasons from 1965 to 1979, with another dynastic run of four-straight Cups from 1976 to 1979. In the 1976–77 season, the Canadiens set two still-standing team records — for most points, with 132, and fewest losses, by losing eight games in an 80-game season. The next season, 1977–78, the team had a 28-game unbeaten streak, scotty Bowman, who would later set a record for most NHL victories by a coach, was the teams head coach for its last five Stanley Cup victories in the 1970s
6.
William M. Jennings Trophy
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The William M. Jennings Trophy is an annual National Hockey League award given to the goaltender having played a minimum of 25 games for the team with the fewest goals scored against it. From 1946 until 1981, the Vezina Trophy had been awarded under that definition and it is named in honor of William M. Jennings, the longtime governor and president of the New York Rangers. Since its beginnings in 1982, it has awarded at the end of 32 seasons to 53 different players. The most recent winners are Frederik Andersen and John Gibson of the Anaheim Ducks, from 1946 until the 1980–81 season, the Vezina Trophy was awarded to the goaltender of the National Hockey League team allowing the fewest number of goals during the regular season. The William M. Jennings Trophy was created as a replacement and is awarded to the goaltender playing for the team with the fewest goals against. The Jennings Trophy was donated by the NHLs board of governors and it is named in honor of the late William M. Jennings, who was a longtime governor and president of the New York Rangers and a builder of ice hockey in the United States. Normally the minimum number of games a goaltender must play to be eligible for the trophy is 25, but for the lockout shortened 1994–95 season, the required minimum was fourteen games. Seven players have won both the Jennings and Vezina Trophy for the season, Patrick Roy, Ed Belfour, Dominik Hasek, Martin Brodeur, Miikka Kiprusoff, Tim Thomas. Roy and Brodeur have won the five times each, the most of any goaltenders. Belfour is third, having won four times, the Montreal Canadiens have the most wins, with six, followed by the New Jersey Devils and the Chicago Blackhawks with five each, and the Buffalo Sabres with three. List of National Hockey League awards List of NHL statistical leaders
7.
Columbus Blue Jackets
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The Columbus Blue Jackets are a professional ice hockey team based in Columbus, Ohio. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Blue Jackets were founded as an expansion team in 2000. The team qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 2009, the Blue Jackets name and logos were inspired by Ohios Civil War history. The Blue Jackets play their games at Nationwide Arena in downtown Columbus. They are affiliated with the Cleveland Monsters of the AHL, prior to the establishment of the Blue Jackets, the last NHL team in the state of Ohio was the Cleveland Barons, who played from 1976 to 1978. In Columbus, the Blue Jackets replaced the Columbus Chill of the ECHL, the Chill played at the Ohio Expo Center Coliseum where they had an 83-game sellout streak, which was a minor league hockey record at the time. In November 1996, five investors formed a partnership called Columbus Hockey Limited, who submitted an application. The voters of Columbus were considering a referendum to build a publicly financed arena, when League Commissioner Gary Bettman visited Columbus to meet with the communitys leaders about the franchise proposal, there was concern that the voters might not pass the needed referendum. The civic leaders told Bettman that they would not be willing to foot the bill for the if the referendum failed. However, just after the meeting adjourned, John H. McConnell privately guaranteed Bettman that an arena would be built, Columbus hopes for the bid dimmed when the May referendum failed. However, Nationwide announced on May 31,1997, that it would finance the $150-million arena, subsequently, on June 25,1997, the NHL announced that Columbus would receive a new franchise. Afterwards a Name the Team contest was held with the help from Wendys throughout central Ohio during the month of August 1997, out of 14,000 submitted entries, the franchise with help from the NHL narrowed the 14,000 entries down to 10 names. Then with the information received from owner John H. McConnell regarding Columbus history, the League, the former, which referenced Ohios contributions to the American Civil War, was eventually announced as the team name in November. On June 23,2000, the NHLs two newest teams, the Blue Jackets and the Minnesota Wild, took part in the 2000 NHL Expansion Draft in Calgary, Alberta. Under the drafts rules,26 of the NHLs active 28 teams were allowed to protect one goaltender, five defensemen, and nine forwards, or two goaltenders, three defensemen, and seven forwards. The Atlanta Thrashers and Nashville Predators both had their full rosters protected because they were the two newest teams, only being in existence for one and two years, respectively. Both the Blue Jackets and Wild had to use their first 24 selections on three goaltenders, eight defensemen, and thirteen forwards and their final two picks could be players of any position. With the first-overall choice, the Blue Jackets selected goaltender Rick Tabaracci from the Colorado Avalanche, over the course of the draft, Columbus picked up goalie Dwayne Roloson, defensemen Lyle Odelein and Mathieu Schneider, and forwards Geoff Sanderson, Turner Stevenson and Dallas Drake, among others
8.
Joseph Cattarinich
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Josephs father was a Croatian sailor. Cattarinich was originally spelt Katarinic, and other immediate surnames in the tree included Bradicic and Nikolic. He went to sea with fellow Croats Zaninovich, Soussich and Lukinovilch and he visited Greenland and Russian islands with them and others. Cattarinich grew up in Quebec City and played ice hockey and lacrosse as a young man, later, he lived in Levis near Quebec City. He is best known as the first goaltender of the professional Montreal Canadiens and he retired after Georges Vézina shut out Cattarinichs club in a game with Vézinas amateur Chicoutimi team. He was so impressed, that he recommended the Canadiens sign Vézina, in 1921, along with Dandurand and Louis Létourneau, Cattarinich purchased the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League from the estate of George Kennedy for $11,000. Although Dandurand was the partner during their tenure, the Canadiens won three Stanley Cups with players such as Howie Morenz, Aurel Joliat, and Georges Vezina. After a series of losses, Cattarinich and Dandurand sold the club to a syndicate comprising J. Ernest Savard, Maurice Forget, in 1932, Cattarinich, Dandurand, and Letourneau purchased Blue Bonnets Raceway. A shareholder with Robert S. Eddy, Jr. Bradley, Cattarinich and Dandurand continued their betting business throughout the challenging economic environment of the Great Depression in the 1930s. Despite several attempts, they did not succeed in acquiring another NHL club, while recovering from an eye operation, he suffered a heart attack and died on December 7,1938 in New Orleans. Catarinich is buried in Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery in Montreal and he is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame, inducted 1977 as a builder. Joseph Cattarinichs biography at Legends of Hockey
9.
George Hainsworth
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He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Hainsworth was born in the Kew Beach area of Toronto in 1893, Hainsworths family moved to Berlin, Ontario, where his father was a water commissioner for many years. After his playing days were over, Hainsworth returned to Berlin with his wife Alma, Bill played goaltender, like his father, and played in the Ontario Hockey Association as a junior and later as a senior player but never a professional. Hainsworth played junior hockey for the Berlin Union Jacks then moved up to senior hockey with the Berlin City Seniors, one of the games he played for Kitchener against the Toronto Argonaut Rowing Club in the 1923 OHA playoffs was the first game that Foster Hewitt broadcast. By the end of the 1922–23 season, Hainsworth had played five seasons for the Greenshirts, at that time, Newsy Lalonde, manager of the Western Canada Hockey League Saskatoon Crescents, needed a goalie. On the recommendation of Montreal Canadiens part-owner Leo Dandurand, Lalonde signed Hainsworth to a pro contract of $2,500 per season with Saskatoon, Hainsworth played three seasons with Saskatoon before he was signed by Dandurand to play goal for Montreal in 1926. Dandurand had to pay $5,000 to Saskatoon for the rights to Hainsworth, there was a need for a top goaltender in Montreal. Georges Vezina, the Canadiens goaltender, had died of tuberculosis. Vezina had played every game in history from the 1910–11 NHA season until the opening game of the 1925–26 NHL season. In his memory, the decided to create the Vezina Trophy for most valuable goaltender in the NHL. Hainsworth proved up to the challenge by winning the Vezina Trophy for the 1926–27, 1927–28, in 1928–29, he set an all-time record with 22 shutouts and a 0.92 goals against average while playing all 44 games. In 1930 he set an NHL record that stands, going 270 minutes and 8 seconds without allowing a goal during the playoffs for the Canadiens. He backstopped the Canadiens to back to back Stanley Cups in 1930 and 1931, Hainsworth served as the Canadiens captain during 1932–33, becoming the second of only eight goalies to serve as an NHL teams captain. Hainsworth was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1933 for Lorne Chabot in a move by Dandurand to land another French-Canadian on his roster, Hainsworth helped the Maple Leafs reach the 1935 Stanley Cup Final. In 1936, Turk Broda won the job for Toronto. Hainsworth retired, but was persuaded to join the Canadiens again after goaltender Wilf Cude was injured, Hainsworth played four more games for the Montreal Canadiens, from December 12 to 20,1936, before retiring for good. In 1936, Hainsworth became an inspector with Dominion Electrohome Ltd. During World War II, he was a member of Kitcheners civil defence guard, in 1949, he was elected to Kitcheners city council
10.
Montreal Gazette
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Founded in 1778 by Fleury Mesplet, The Gazette is Quebecs oldest daily newspaper and Canadas oldest daily newspaper still in publication. The oldest newspaper overall is the Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph, which was established in 1764 and is published weekly, Fleury Mesplet founded a French-language weekly newspaper called La Gazette du commerce et littéraire, pour la ville et district de Montréal on June 3,1778. It was the first entirely French-language newspaper in Canada, the paper did not accept advertising aside for the various books Mesplet also published. The articles were meant to promote discussion, and focused on literature and philosophy, as well as various articles, poems. The newspaper was shut down in 1779 when Mesplet and the editor, Valentin Jautard were arrested for sedition and imprisoned for three years. Mesplet began a weekly, The Montreal Gazette / La Gazette de Montréal, on August 25,1785. Its offices were located in the house of Joseph Lemoyne de Longueuil on rue de la Capitale, French columns were in the left-hand column and English columns in the right-hand column. The columns were written in French and translated to English by Valentin Jautard. The columns were mostly on education, religion and literature, foreign and local news made up the rest of the paper. The paper took a Voltairian and anti-clerical stance, wanted Quebec to have its own legislative assembly, the newspaper also introduced advertising and announcements, taking up half of four pages. It is the ancestor of the current newspaper. The newspaper did well, and Mesplets operation moved to Notre-Dame Street in 1787, Mesplet continued to operate the newspaper until his death in 1794. Following Mesplets death, his widow published the newspaper for several issues, two rivals, Louis Roy and Edward Edwards fought over the right to publish the newspaper over the course of two years. Edwards eventually won the press and newspaper, and continued operations until his assets were seized in 1808. The newspaper was then the property of James Brown for fourteen years, in 1822, it was sold to businessman Thomas Andrew Turner who converted into an English-only paper in 1822. Under Turner, The Gazette identified with the interests of business leaders in their fight with the Patriote movement. This was among the events leading to the burning of the Parliament Buildings. In 1968, The Gazette was acquired by the Southam newspaper chain, for many years, The Gazette was caught in a three-way fight for the English newspaper audience in Montreal with the tabloid Montreal Herald and the broadsheet Montreal Star
11.
The Globe and Mail
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The Globe and Mail is a nationally distributed Canadian newspaper owned by The Woodbridge Company, based in Toronto and printed in six cities across the country. The Globe and Mail is regarded by some as Canadas newspaper of record, the predecessor to The Globe and Mail was The Globe, founded in 1844 by Scottish immigrant George Brown, who became a Father of Confederation. Browns liberal politics led him to court the support of the Clear Grits and he selected as the motto for the editorial page a quotation from Junius, The subject who is truly loyal to the Chief Magistrate will neither advise nor submit to arbitrary measures. The quotation is carried on the page to this day. By the 1850s, The Globe had become an independent and well-regarded daily newspaper and it began distribution by railway to other cities in Ontario shortly after Canadian Confederation. At the dawn of the century, The Globe added photography, a womens section, and the slogan Canadas National Newspaper. It began opening bureaus and offering subscriptions across Canada, on 23 November 1936, The Globe merged with The Mail and Empire, itself formed through the 1895 merger of two conservative newspapers, The Toronto Mail and Toronto Empire. Press reports at the stated, the minnow swallowed the whale because The Globes circulation was smaller than The Mail. The merger was arranged by George McCullagh, who fronted for mining magnate William Henry Wright and became the first publisher of The Globe, McCullagh committed suicide in 1952, and the newspaper was sold to the Webster family of Montreal. As the paper lost ground to The Toronto Star in the local Toronto market, the newspaper was unionised in 1955, under the banner of the American Newspaper Guild. From 1937 until 1974, the newspaper was produced at the William H, in 1965, the paper was bought by Winnipeg-based FP Publications, controlled by Bryan Maheswary, which owned a chain of local Canadian newspapers. FP put an emphasis on the Report on Business section that was launched in 1962. FP Publications and The Globe and Mail were sold in 1980 to The Thomson Corporation, after the acquisition there were few changes made in editorial or news policy. However, there was more attention paid to national and international news on the editorial, op-ed, the Globe and Mail has always been a morning newspaper. Since the 1980s, it has been printed in editions in six Canadian cities, Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Calgary. Southern Ontario Newspaper Guild employees took their first ever strike vote at The Globe in 1982 and those negotiations ended without a strike, and the Globe unit of SONG still has a strike-free record. SONG members voted in 1994 to sever ties with the American-focused Newspaper Guild, shortly afterwards, SONG affiliated with the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada. Under the editorship of William Thorsell in the 1980s and 1990s, during this period, the paper continued to favour such socially liberal policies as decriminalizing drugs and expanding gay rights
12.
Goals against average
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Goals Against Average is a statistic used in field hockey, ice hockey, lacrosse, soccer and water polo that is the mean of goals allowed per game by a goaltender. GAA is analogous to a pitchers earned run average. In Japanese, the translation is used for both GAA and ERA, because of this. For ice hockey, it is calculated per game by dividing the number of goals against by the number of minutes played in the game then multiplied by 60. For a season, divide the number of goals against by the result of the total number of minutes played multiplied by 60. Alternatively, take the number of goals against, multiply that by 60 minutes, when calculating GAA, overtime goals and time on ice are included, whereas empty net and shootout goals are not. It is typically given to two decimal places, the top goaltenders in the National Hockey League currently have a GAA of about 1. 85-2.10, although the measure of a good GAA changes as different playing styles come and go. The top goaltenders in the National Lacrosse League however, currently have a GAA of about 10.00, at their best, elite NCAA water polo goalies have a GAA between 3.00 and 5.00
13.
Toronto Star
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The Toronto Star is a Canadian broadsheet daily newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. a division of Star Media Group, the Star was first printed on Toronto World presses, and at its formation The World owned a 51% interest in it as a silent partner. That arrangement only lasted for two months, during time it was rumoured that William Findlay Billy Maclean, the Worlds proprietor, was considering selling the Star to the Riordon family. After an extensive fundraising campaign among the Star staff, Maclean agreed to sell his interest to Hocken, the paper did poorly in its first few years. Hocken sold out within the year, and several owners followed in succession until Sir William Mackenzie bought it in 1896 and its new editors, Edmund E. Sheppard and Frederic Nicholls, moved the entire Star operation into the same building used by the magazine Saturday Night. This would continue until Joseph E, holy Joe Atkinson, backed by funds raised by supporters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, bought the paper. The supporters included Senator George Cox, William Mulock, Peter Charles Larkin, Atkinson was the Stars editor from 1899 until his death in 1948. Its early opposition and criticism of the Nazi regime saw the paper one of the first North American papers to be banned in Germany. He championed many causes that would come to be associated with the welfare state, old age pensions, unemployment insurance. The Government of Canada Digital Collections website describes Atkinson as a radical in the best sense of that term, the Star was unique among North American newspapers in its consistent, ongoing advocacy of the interests of ordinary people. The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, with Mackenzie King, Atkinson became the controlling shareholder of the Star. The Star was frequently criticized for practising the yellow journalism of its era, for decades, the paper included heavy doses of crime and sensationalism, along with advocating social change. From 1910 to 1973, the Star published a weekend supplement, shortly before his death in 1948, Joseph E. Atkinson transferred ownership of the paper to a charitable organization given the mandate of continuing the papers liberal tradition. In 1949, the Province of Ontario passed the Charitable Gifts Act, barring charitable organizations from owning parts of profit-making businesses. It would continue to supply sponsored content to the CRBCs station CRCT, in 1971, the newspaper was renamed The Toronto Star and moved to a modern office tower at One Yonge Street by Queens Quay. The original Star Building at 80 King Street West was demolished to make room for First Canadian Place, the new building originally housed the papers presses. In 1992, the plant was moved to the Toronto Star Press Centre at the Highway 407 &400 interchange in Vaughan. In September 2002, the logo was changed, and The was dropped from the papers, during the 2003 blackout, the Star printed the paper at a press in Welland, Ontario
14.
Hart Memorial Trophy
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The Hart Memorial Trophy, originally known as the Hart Trophy, is awarded annually to the player judged most valuable to his team in the National Hockey League. The original trophy was donated to the league in 1923 by David Hart, the father of Cecil Hart, the Hart Trophy has been awarded 90 times to 54 different players since its beginnings in 1924. Each year, members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association vote to determine the player who was the most valuable to his team during the regular season, the Hart Memorial Trophy is named in honour of Canadian Dr. David Hart. Dr. Hart, who donated the trophy to the NHL, was the father of Cecil Hart. The trophy was first awarded at the conclusion of the 1923–24 NHL season to Frank Nighbor of the Ottawa Senators. The original Hart Trophy was retired to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1960, and the NHL began presenting a new trophy, which was dubbed the Hart Memorial Trophy in its place. With the exceptions of Tommy Anderson, Al Rollins, and José Theodore, wayne Gretzky won the award a record nine times during his career, eight consecutively. He has been named MVP more times than any player in the history of the other three North American major professional leagues. Barry Bonds is second, having won the MVP award seven times in the MLB, Gretzky and his Edmonton Oilers teammate Mark Messier are the only players to win the Hart Trophy with more than one team. Joe Thornton became the only Hart Trophy winner to have switched clubs during his campaign during the 2005–06 season. The defenseman with the most trophy victories is Eddie Shore, who has four, by contrast, it is rare for a goaltender to win the award, which has happened only seven times in its history, Buffalo Sabres goaltender Dominik Hasek is the only two-time winner. Three finalists are named and the trophy is awarded at the NHL Awards ceremony after the playoffs, the closest the voting for the Hart Trophy has ever come was in the 2001–02 season, when Jose Theodore and Jarome Iginla tied in the total voting. The tiebreaker for choosing the Hart Trophy winner in such a case is number of votes, Theodore claimed it. In 2008, the NHLs official online shop came under criticism after they placed a T-shirt advertising Alexander Ovechkin as the winner on sale a week before the results were revealed. In this situation, the link for one of the products became live early through an error by our e-commerce provider. Ovechkin was later confirmed to be the winner
15.
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy
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The Lady Byng Memorial Trophy has been awarded 88 times to 53 different players since it was first awarded in 1925. The original trophy was donated to the league by Lady Byng of Vimy, three finalists are named and the trophy is awarded at the NHL Awards ceremony after the Stanley Cup Playoffs. The trophy is named in honour of Marie Evelyn Moreton, wife of Viscount Byng of Vimy, Lady Byng, who was an avid hockey fan, decided to donate the trophy to the NHL in 1925. She decided the trophys first winner would be Frank Nighbor of the Ottawa Senators, late in the season, Lady Byng invited Nighbor to Rideau Hall, showed him the trophy, and asked him if the NHL would accept it as an award for its most gentlemanly player. When Nighbor said he thought it would, Lady Byng, much to Nighbors surprise, after Frank Boucher of the New York Rangers won the award seven times within eight years, Lady Byng was so impressed that she gave him the original trophy to keep. Lady Byng then donated a trophy in 1935–36. When Lady Byng died in 1949, the NHL presented another trophy, in 1962, the original trophy was destroyed in a fire at Bouchers home. Louis, and Ron Francis with three each, adam Oates has been a six-time finalist for the Lady Byng Trophy but has never won. Five players have won both the Lady Byng Trophy and the Hart Memorial Trophy as league MVP in the season, Buddy OConnor, Bobby Hull, Stan Mikita, Wayne Gretzky. Mikita is also the player to win the Hart, Art Ross. Gretzky, Bobby Hull, and Martin St. Louis also won three awards, but not in the same season. Bobby and Brett Hull are the only combination to win the Hart. Bill Quackenbush, Red Kelly, and Brian Campbell are the only defensemen to have won the Lady Byng Trophy, with Kelly being the only one to win it multiple times. After Kelly, no defenseman won the award for a 58-year stretch which ended in 2012 when Campbell received the honor, no goaltender has ever won the award
16.
Frank Brimsek
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Francis Charles Mr. Zero Brimsek was an American professional ice hockey goaltender who played ten seasons in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins and Chicago Black Hawks. Brimsek started his career playing games with the Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets in 1934–35. The Detroit Red Wings initially owned Brimseks rights before they traded them to the Bruins in 1937, in 1938–39, Brimsek made his NHL debut with the Bruins since their starting goalie, Tiny Thompson, sustained an injury during an exhibition match. Initially deemed as a short term call-up, Brimsek soon found himself as the Bruins starting goalie and he went on to record six shutouts in his first seven games which earned him the moniker of Mr. Zero. Brimsek spent his first nine NHL seasons with the Bruins and during this time and he won the Calder Memorial Trophy, the Vezina Trophy twice, and he was named to the NHL All-Star Team eight times. He was also a member of two Stanley Cup championships, after being discharged from the Coast Guard, Brimsek returned to the NHL for the 1945–46 season where it was noted that his skills were not as sharp as before he left. Despite this, he managed to be one of the best goalies in the league. Brimsek was traded to the Black Hawks following the 1948–49 season due to personal reasons and he spent one season with the Black Hawks before retiring from professional hockey. One of the most accomplished American goalies of all-time, Brimsek held the record for most wins and his wins record stood for 54 years while his shutouts record stood for 61 years. His eight berths to the NHL All-Star Team rank him second all-time among all goalies. In 1966, he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, the first American goalie to be inducted, in 1998, Brimsek was ranked number 67 on The Hockey News list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, the highest ranked American goaltender. Brimsek was born in the hockey hotbed of Eveleth, Minnesota on September 26,1915 and his parents were of Slovene descent. The town of Eveleth produced at that time four other players who would play in the National Hockey League, Mike Karakas, Sam LoPresti, Al Suomi. Brimsek and Karakas played on the baseball team in high school. Brimsek first started playing hockey when his brother, John, the goalie on the Eveleth High School team. John was moved to his position, while Frank replaced him. Soon, Brimsek found himself spending most of his time on the Eveleth rinks playing hockey. Unlike most of his friends who wanted to be high-scoring forwards, just before winter, Brimsek and his friends would get on a dry lot, and they would practice shooting at him
17.
Turk Broda
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Walter Edward Turk Broda was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. A goaltender, Broda played his career for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League between 1935 and 1951, taking a brief hiatus from 1943 to 1946 to fight in the second World War. After retiring from play, Broda coached minor league and junior ice hockey teams. On January 1,2017, in a prior to the Centennial Classic. Broda was born in Brandon, Manitoba to a Ukrainian family, although he is commonly referred to as Polish by mistake, Publicity Director Stan Obodiac of the Maple Leafs, who knew Broda, dispelled this and confirmed Brodas Ukrainian origin. Broda acquired the nickname of Turkey Egg during his days in Brandon because of his many freckles. Turkey Egg soon became Turk, and the name followed him, Broda started his playing career with the Brandon Athletics and the Brandon Native Sons. After playing a few years with them he played for the Winnipeg Monarchs, Detroit Farm Crest, in 1932-33, he won the Memorial Cup. In 1933-34, the Detroit Red Wings invited Turk Broda to their training camp, but with, Normie Smith and John Ross Roach already in Detroit, there was no way Broda could start in the NHL. Instead, he would start his career with the Detroit Olympics. In 1935-36, he was acquired by the Toronto Maple Leafs for $7500, Broda was starting to emerge as one of the leagues top goaltenders. In the 1940-41 NHL season, he led the league in wins with 28 in 48 games, in 1941-42, he won his first Stanley Cup with the Leafs. The Leafs won the Cup when they were down 3 games to none against the Detroit Red Wings, the Maple Leafs made one of the greatest comebacks in NHL history and took the Cup by winning the next 4 games. In 1942-43, Broda joined the army for 2 and a half years during World War II, in 1945-46, Turk Broda returned to the Maple Leafs roster and was instrumental in the teams Stanley Cup victories in 1946-47, 1947-48, 1948-49 and in 1950-51. Turk Broda would retire in 1951-52, at 38 years of age, the Battle of the Bulge was a battle between him and the head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs Conn Smythe about Broda losing weight. This argument brought a lot of attention from the media in Toronto, Smythe ordered Broda to lose weight and brought Al Rollins and Gilles Mayer from the minor leagues just to pressure Broda into losing weight. If Broda could not lose weight, then he would be removed from his goalkeeping duties, in the end, Broda lost enough weight to keep his job. After retiring, Broda became a coach and he coached the Ottawa Senators in the Quebec Hockey League
18.
Johnny Mowers
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John Thomas Mum Mowers was a Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played for the Detroit Red Wings. Mowers started his career with the Niagara Falls of the OHA Senior A League. He had an excellent amateur career playing with the Detroit Pontiacs of the MOHL. His 1.93 goals against average with the Omaha Knights inspired Jack Adams to sign Mowers for the 1941 season with the Detroit Red Wings, veteran Tiny Thompson was not playing up to expectations so Mowers was put in net instead. He was so impressive in his first season, that he almost won both the Vezina Trophy and the Calder Memorial Trophy, a feat that has only been accomplished by Frank Brimsek and he lost the Calder to Johnny Quilty and the Vezina to Turk Broda that season. Next season, Mowers goals against average increased as the Detroit Red Wings plummeted to 5th place and he regained his skills in the playoffs leading the Red Wings all the way to the Stanley Cup finals against the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Red Wings won the first 3 games but the Leafs made a comeback winning the next 4 games. Mowers let in 19 goals in the 4 losses, despite the heartbreaking loss, Mowers and the Red Wings would win the Stanley Cup next season. Mowers was also awarded the Vezina Trophy for his efforts, in 1943, he enlisted in the army and would not play again until 1947. When he came back he found his job lost to Harry Lumley and he would go on to play 2 games In 1948 with the Indianapolis Capitals before retiring. Selected to the NHL First All-Star Team in 1943, Johnny Mowerss career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
19.
Tommy Gorman
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Gorman was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He was one of six born to Thomas Patrick Gorman. He was a page boy as a youth, but sports were his love. He was the youngest member of the Canadian lacrosse team won the gold medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics. He then played professionally for a number of seasons, Gorman became a sports writer at the Ottawa Citizen, eventually becoming the sports editor. He worked at the newspaper until 1921, even though he had never played hockey, Mr. Gorman was a talented evaluator of talent. Ted Dey, principal owner of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey Association, had trouble recruiting players for the 1916–17 season and he did it so capably that he was hired as secretary-treasurer. Gorman became the manager and part-owner of the Senators at that time and he helped lead the team to Stanley Cups in 1920,1921, and 1923. He sold his interest in the Senators in 1925 to Frank Ahearn and became manager-coach of the New York Americans and he resigned from the Americans in 1929 to get involved in horse racing. He managed the Agua Caliente Racetrack in Mexico from 1929 until 1932, in 1932, Gorman brought the horse Phar Lap to Mexico where the horse won the $100,000 Agua Caliente Handicap before dying under mysterious circumstances in San Francisco. When the president of Agua Caliente sold the racetrack in 1932 and he took the team from last place in their division in 1932–33 to their first Stanley Cup victory in 1934—despite scoring the fewest goals of any NHL team. Ten days after the Cup victory, Gorman resigned after a dispute with the owner and he went to Montreal as their manager-coach and helped the Montreal Maroons to their final Cup in 1935, thus becoming the first coach to win consecutive Stanley Cups with different teams. Gorman coached the Maroons until the club folded in 1938, in 1940, he became general manager of the Montreal Canadiens and lead them to Cup victories in 1944 and 1946. He is the person to manage four different teams to championships. No other General Manager in the history of the NHL, Major League Baseball, one of his flops was after he became manager-coach of the Montreal Maroons when he booked evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson at the Montreal Forum. No one wanted to be saved, he explained, however, some of his better promotions came when he was the Montreal Canadiens general manager. He had Duke Ellington and Frank Sinatra perform at the Forum, after retiring as general manager of the Canadiens in 1946, Gorman bought the Ottawa Senators of the Quebec Senior Hockey League, managing it to win the Allan Cup in 1949. He took figure skater Barbara Ann Scott on a tour after she won the figure skating gold medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics
20.
Paul Bibeault
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Joseph Arsine Paul Emile Albert Babe Bibeault was an ice hockey goaltender. Bibeault started his National Hockey League career in 1940 with the Montreal Canadiens and he would also play for the Chicago Black Hawks, Toronto Maple Leafs and Boston Bruins. He was a member of the NHL All-Star Team in 1944 and he is one of two NHL players who wore the number 0, the other was Neil Sheehy
21.
Bill Durnan
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William Ronald Durnan was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League. He won the Stanley Cup twice and the Vezina Trophy six times and he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964. On January 1,2017, in a prior to the Centennial Classic. Durnan, whom John McGourty of NHL. com refers to as the greatest nearly forgotten player in the history of the NHL, only played seven seasons in the NHL, but accomplished much in his short career. Durnan was the recipient of the Vezina Trophy as top goaltender in each of his first four seasons, from 1943–44 to 1946–47, a poor season by the Montreal Canadiens in 1947–48 allowed Turk Broda of the Toronto Maple Leafs to end Durnans streak. Durnan, however, returned to prominence the season, capturing his fifth and sixth Vezina Trophies in 1948–49. Durnan was also selected to the First Team All-Star six times during his career, during the 1947–48 season, Durnan served as the Canadiens captain. However, he left the crease so often to argue calls that other teams claimed he was giving the Canadiens unscheduled timeouts, after the season, the NHL passed a rule barring goaltenders from performing the duties of captain, known as the Durnan Rule. Following the 1949–50 NHL season, at the age of 35, Durnan retired and he later went into coaching, most notably with the Ottawa Senators of the QSHL in 1950–51, and the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen of the OHA in 1958–59. Durnan set a long-standing modern NHL record between February 26 and March 6,1949, when he registered four consecutive shutouts, not allowing a goal over a span of 309 minutes,21 seconds. This record stood until 2004, when Brian Boucher, then of the Phoenix Coyotes and he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964. In 383 regular-season games, Durnan had 208 wins, and 112 losses, with 34 shutouts and he had 27 wins, and 12 losses, with two shutouts and a 2.07 average in 45 playoff games. Durnan also won the 1940 Allan Cup with the Kirkland Lake Blue Devils and he died of kidney failure on October 31,1972. He suffered from diabetes in his last years and his health had been failing steadily, Durnan was an ambidextrous goalie, equally adept at using his right or left hand. Until Roberto Luongo was named captain of the Vancouver Canucks on September 30,2008, he was the last goalie to be a captain in the National Hockey League, NHL First All-Star Team goalie in 1944,1945,1946,1947,1949,1950. Won the Vezina Trophy in 1944,1945,1946,1947,1949,1950, played in NHL All-Star Game in 1947,1948,1949. Stanley Cup champion in 1944,1946, inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1964. In 1998, he was ranked number 34 on The Hockey News list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, in January,2017, Durnan was part of the first group of players to be named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players in history
22.
Clarence Campbell
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Clarence Sutherland Campbell OBE, QC was the third president of the National Hockey League from 1946 to 1977. Born in Fleming, Saskatchewan, Campbell attended high school at the Strathcona Collegiate Institute, now known as Old Scona Academic, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. He graduated from the University of Alberta with a degree in law and arts in 1924 and was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University, Campbell worked as a referee in the NHL from 1933 until 1939. He officiated some historic games, such as the game in 1937 when the great Howie Morenzs career was ended when he broke his leg, Campbell even refereed a rough playoff game between the Montreal Maroons and the Boston Bruins in which Dit Clapper used his stick on a player. Angry at Clappers actions, he called Clapper a profane name, Campbell, aware of his provocative action, then submitted a very lenient report on Clapper, and NHL president Frank Calder gave Clapper only a fine as a result. Leafs owner Conn Smythe called for Campbell not to be rehired, Calder decided to let Campbell work in his office after his career as a referee, and it was becoming evident that the League president was grooming a successor. But World War II broke out and Campbell enlisted in the Canadian Army and he rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. At the end of the war he served with the No.1 Canadian War Graves Investigation Unit. After the war he was appointed Queens Counsel, and was one of the prosecutors at one of several courts of leading Nazis who were put on trial for crimes against humanity. It has been reported that Campbell participated in the Nuremberg Trials. Meanwhile, Calder had died, and with Campbell overseas, the NHL named Red Dutton president, but Dutton did not want the job and when Campbell finally came back to Canada in 1946, Dutton resigned and Campbell accepted the presidency. One of his first acts of authority was in 1948, when he expelled players Billy Taylor, one of Richards teammate knocked down Laycoe, allowing Richard to turn around and punch Thompson in the face. On March 17, Campbell attended a game at the Montreal Forum between the Canadiens and the Detroit Red Wings, after a tear gas bomb was released in the arena, Campbell exited the building, the game was forfeited to the Red Wings, and the Forum was evacuated. What ensued was a riot in which 60 people were arrested. Campbell was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1966 and he was instrumental in the 1967 expansion, which doubled the league in size, and often worked 18 hours a day in his office. At the beginning of the leagues Expansion Era in 1967–68, the NHL clubs decided to highlight the achievements of the president by donating the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl in his honour. Although the Clarence Campbell Conference was renamed the Western Conference in 1993, in 1976, he was charged with bribing Senator Louis Giguère in the Sky Shops scandal. He was convicted, but the NHL paid his fine and he served no time because of his age, Campbell was a sick man by the time he retired as NHL president in 1977
23.
Calder Memorial Trophy
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The Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League. It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL, serving as the NHLs Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association at the conclusion of regular season to determine the winner. The Calder Memorial Trophy is named in honour of Frank Calder, although Rookie of the Year honors were handed out beginning in 1932–33, the Calder Trophy was first presented at the conclusion of the 1936–37 NHL season. After Calders death in 1943 the trophy was renamed the Calder Memorial Trophy, in 1990, Sergei Makarov of the Calgary Flames became the oldest player, at age 31, to win the trophy, even though he had played for HC CSKA Moscow in the Soviet Union. After that season, the rules for awarding the Calder were amended so that players could only be if they were under 26 years old by September 15 of their rookie season. In 1991, goaltender Ed Belfour won the Calder having previously appeared in 32 games with the Chicago Blackhawks over the 1988–89 and 1989–90 seasons. Belfour was eligible for the award because nine of those came during the 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs. The nine playoff games did not count towards the regular season eligibility requirements, in 2010–11, Logan Couture was eligible for the Calder Trophy despite having played in 40 previous games, while Alex Pietrangelo was ineligible despite having played only 17 previous games. The trophy has been won the most times by rookies from the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Chicago Blackhawks, three finalists are named and the trophy is awarded at the NHL Awards ceremony after the playoffs. List of National Hockey League awards List of NHL players List of NHL statistical leaders Calder Trophy history at NHL. com Calder Trophy profile at Legends of Hockey. net
24.
Clint Benedict
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Clinton Stevenson Praying Benny Benedict was a Canadian professional Lacrosse goalie, ice hockey goaltender who played for the Ottawa Senators and the Montreal Maroons. He played on four Stanley Cup-winning squads and he was the first goaltender in the National Hockey League to wear a face mask. He led league goaltenders in shutouts seven times over his professional career and he is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame. Benedict played for the Ottawa Stars Lacrosse Club, winning the City Championship in 1911 and he later played professionally with the Ottawa Capitals Lacrosse Club earning distinction for his tenacity under fire. This helped him immeasurably in his transition into professional hockey, Benedict was one of the first great goalies in professional hockey and a great innovator in the sport. He was the first goalie to drop to his knees to stop the puck along the ice, at the time and this earned him the nickname Praying Benny. The first rule change the NHL made legalized his playing style, Benedict joined the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey Association in the 1912–13 season. Although the Senators had at the time future Hall of Famer Percy LeSueur as their starting goaltender and he played one more season as backup to LeSueur and took over as starting goaltender in the 1914–15 season. He led the league in Goals Against Average that season and the two seasons to start his career. He played 12 seasons overall for the Senators, after winning three Stanley Cups with the Senators, his career changed in the 1923–24 season. Benedict developed a problem with drinking, which at first was kept secret by the Senators, Benedict occasionally played for the Senators while under the effects. In the playoffs, Benedict and the Senators played poorly and were quickly eliminated, management withheld some of his salary for his behaviour. Benedict sued the team in return and the Senators countersued, revealing in court documents the extent of Benedicts behaviour, once the Ottawa papers found out about the court case, the secret was out. The two sides quickly settled to minimize the publicity, Benedicts career with the Senators was finished. On October 20,1924, Benedict was traded along with Punch Broadbent to the expansion Montreal Maroons and it was a new lease on life for Benedict who played for six seasons with the Maroons. In 1926, he won another Stanley Cup with the Maroons, on January 7,1930, he was hit by a shot from Howie Morenz in the face, breaking the bridge of his nose. Benedict was out of action for six weeks and he returned on February 20,1930 against the New York Americans wearing the mask. He played with a mask for five games in total and according to Douglas Hunter and his last game wearing a mask was on March 4,1930 when he got hit in the face during a goal-mouth scramble
25.
Ottawa Senators (original)
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The Ottawa Senators were a professional, ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954. The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a member of the National Hockey League. The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club, was known by nicknames, including the Generals in the 1890s, the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1907. Generally acknowledged by historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport. Ottawa HC played in the first season during which the Stanley Cup was challenged in 1893, the club repeated its success in the 1920s, winning the Stanley Cup in 1920,1921,1923 and 1927. In total, the won the Stanley Cup eleven times. In 1950, Canadian sports editors selected the Ottawa HC/Senators as Canadas greatest team in the first half of the 20th century. The club competed in the NHL until the 1933–34 season, when it relocated the NHL franchise to St. Louis, Missouri, the organization continued the Senators as an amateur, and later semi-professional, team in Quebec senior mens leagues until 1954. The Ottawa Hockey Club was founded by a group of like-minded hockey enthusiasts. A month after witnessing games of hockey at the 1883 Montreal Winter Carnival, Halder Kirby, Jack Kerr and Frank Jenkins met, being the first organized ice hockey club in Ottawa, and also the first in Ontario, the club had no other clubs to play that season. The only activities that winter were practices at the Royal Rink starting on March 5,1883, the club first participated competitively at the 1884 Montreal Winter Carnival ice hockey tournament wearing red and black uniforms. Future Ottawa mayor Nelson Porter is recorded as the scorer of the clubs first-ever goal, Frank Jenkins was the first captain of the team, he later became the president of the Hockey Club in 1891 and of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1892. For the 1885 season, the club adopted gold and blue as its colours, Ottawa earned its first-ever victory at the tournament over the Montreal Victorias, but lost its final match to the Montreal Hockey Club to place second in the tournament. The 1886 Montreal tournament was cancelled due to an outbreak of smallpox, on December 8,1886, the first championship league, the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was founded in Montreal. It was composed of clubs from Montreal plus a Quebec City club. Ottawas Thomas D. Green was named the first president of the league, under the format, Ottawa lost the one challenge it played in that first 1887 season to the Montreal Victorias. After that season, Ottawa HC became inactive, the Royal Rink, which had been their primary facility, had been converted to a roller skating rink, and ice rink facilities were at a shortage. This changed with the opening of the Rideau Skating Rink in February 1889, One of the principal organizers in the restarting of the team was Ottawa Journal publisher P. D. Ross, who also played on the team
26.
Detroit Red Wings
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The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan. They are members of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League and are one of the Original Six teams of the league, founded in 1926, the team was known as the Detroit Cougars from then until 1930. For the 1930–31 and 1931–32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons, between the 1933–34 and 1965–66 seasons, the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times. Between the 1966–67 and 1990–91 seasons, the Red Wings made the only eight times in 25 seasons. During the last 11 years of this stretch, only five of the Leagues 21 teams did not make the post-season and this rough period for the team provoked the nickname of the Dead Wings. Near the end of that 25-year period, however, the Red Wings advanced to the Conference Finals twice. They have made the playoffs in 30 of the last 32 seasons, including 25 in a row, during a subsequent meeting on May 15, the league approved a franchise to the Townsend-Seyburn group of Detroit and named Charles A. Hughes as governor. Frank and Lester Patrick, the owners of the WHL, made a deal to sell the players to the NHL. The new Detroit franchise purchased the players of the folded Victoria Cougars WHL club to play for the team, the new Detroit franchise also adopted the Cougars nickname in honor of the folded franchise. Since no arena in Detroit was ready at the time, the Cougars played their first season in Windsor, for the 1927–28 season, the Cougars moved into the new Detroit Olympia, which would be their home rink until December 27,1979. This was also the first season behind the bench for Jack Adams, the Cougars made the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 1929 with Carson Cooper leading the team in scoring. The Cougars were outscored 7–2 in the series with the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 1930, the Cougars were renamed the Falcons, but their woes continued, as they finished near the bottom of the standings. In 1932, the NHL let grain merchant James E. Norris, Norris first act was to choose a new name for the team—the Red Wings. Earlier in the century, Norris had been a member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the MAAAs teams were known by their club emblem and these Winged Wheelers were the first winners of the Stanley Cup in 1893. Norris decided that a version of their logo was perfect for a team playing in the Motor City, Norris also placed coach Jack Adams on a one-year probation for the 1932–33 NHL season. Adams managed to pass his probationary period by leading the franchise to first ever playoff series victory over the Montreal Maroons. Despite this success, the team lost in the semi-finals to the New York Rangers, in 1934 the Wings made the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time, with John Sorrell scoring 21 goals over 47 games and Larry Aurie leading the team in scoring
27.
Charlie Gardiner (ice hockey)
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Charles Robert Chuck Gardiner was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played for the Chicago Black Hawks in the National Hockey League. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Gardiner moved with his family to Canada as a child, playing all of his junior hockey in or around Winnipeg, Manitoba, Gardiner joined the Chicago Black Hawks in the 1927–28 season. He played seven seasons with Chicago, winning two Vezina Trophies, earning three berths to the First All-Star team, and a berth to the Second All-Star team, in 1934, Gardiner became the only NHL goaltender to captain his team to a Stanley Cup win. A few months after winning the Cup, Gardiner died from a hemorrhage brought on by a tonsillar infection. He became posthumously a charter member of the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1945, Gardiner was born in Edinburgh, Scotland to John and Janet Gardiner. The fourth of five children, there was also Gardiners two older brothers, John and Alexander, a sister, Edith, and a younger sister. In 1911, when Gardiner was seven, he and the rest of his family emigrated to Winnipeg, the family initially lived in a house on William Avenue before relocating to Alexander Street, both streets were south of the railways, and were full of Scottish-Irish working-class families. John took a job as a rail car repairer, and Gardiner took an early interest in the trains and he was enrolled at the Albert School, and befriended Wilf Cude, who had immigrated from Wales who would also go on to be a National Hockey League goaltender. When the First World War began in 1914, both of Gardiners brothers enlisted and were sent overseas, Gardiners father John also enlisted, but he died May 30,1916 before he was sent overseas. Both his brothers returned home after the war ended, while Alex was unharmed, John had been involved in a gas attack. To help provide for the family Gardiner began working for the J. H. Ashdown Hardware Company at the age of twelve, in December 1928 John began to develop an illness as a result of his poison gas attack in the war, and died December 13. Edith had planned to get married on December 31, but wanted to delay the marriage because of Johns death, Gardiner married Myrtle Brooks August 6,1927 at Grace United Church in Winnipeg. Their first son, Robert Roy, was born May 20,1929 and they also had a girl on May 7,1931, but she died the same day. While working at the store, Gardiner first played organised sports as a member of the stores baseball team. Gardiner quickly started playing ice hockey, with the passion as the children who were born in Canada. As he didnt learn to skate until he was eight-years-old, he couldnt skate very fast and was forced to play as the goaltender and he had tried to play as a forward and defenceman, but was too slow for either position. Playing on Winnipegs frozen ponds, Gardiner employed a style, instead of the nearly-universal stand-up style played in that era, to avoid having his hands. He joined the Victorias, a team in the Winnipeg City League and he recorded a shutout in his first game, but the team was shut out in their following game, so Gardiner was cut
28.
Chicago Blackhawks
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The Chicago Blackhawks are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League and they have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926. The Blackhawks are one of the Original Six NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, since 1994, the clubs home rink is the United Center. The club had played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium. The clubs original owner was Frederic McLaughlin, who owned the club until his death in 1944, under McLaughlin, a hands-on owner who fired many coaches during his ownership, the club won two Stanley Cup titles. The club was owned by the Norris family, who as owners of the Chicago Stadium were the clubs landlord. At first, the Norris ownership was as part of a syndicate fronted by long-time executive Bill Tobin, after the senior James E. Norris died in 1952, the Norris assets were spread among family members and James D. Norris became owner. Norris Jr. took an active interest in the team and under his ownership, after James D. Norris died in 1966, the Wirtz family became owners of the franchise. In 2007, the club came under the control of Rocky Wirtz, who is credited with turning around the organization, under Rocky Wirtz, the Blackhawks won the Stanley Cup three times within six seasons. On May 1,1926, the NHL awarded a franchise for Chicago to a syndicate headed by former football star Huntington Hardwick of Boston. However, only one later, Hardwicks group sold out to Chicago coffee tycoon Frederic McLaughlin. McLaughlin had been a commander with the 333rd Machine Gun Battalion of the 86th Infantry Division during World War I and this Division was nicknamed the Blackhawk Division after a Native American of the Sauk nation, Black Hawk, who was a prominent figure in the history of Illinois. McLaughlin named the new team in honor of the military unit. The Black Hawks began play in the 1926–27 season, along with new expansion franchises Detroit Cougars, McLaughlin took a very active role in running the team despite having no background in the sport. McLaughlin hired Bill Tobin, a goaltender who had played in the Western league, as his assistant. He was also interested in promoting American hockey players, then very rare in professional hockey. The Hawks first season was a moderate success and they played their first game on November 17 when they played the Toronto St. Patricks in the Chicago Coliseum. The Black Hawks won their first game 4–1, in front of a crowd of over 7,000 and they ended up finishing the season in third place with a record of 19–22–3
