1.
Spanish language
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Spanish —also called Castilian —is a Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain, with hundreds of millions of native speakers around the world. It is usually considered the worlds second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese and it is one of the few languages to use inverted question and exclamation marks. Spanish is a part of the Ibero-Romance group of languages, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century. Beginning in the early 16th century, Spanish was taken to the colonies of the Spanish Empire, most notably to the Americas, as well as territories in Africa, Oceania, around 75% of modern Spanish is derived from Latin. Greek has also contributed substantially to Spanish vocabulary, especially through Latin, Spanish vocabulary has been in contact from an early date with Arabic, having developed during the Al-Andalus era in the Iberian Peninsula. With around 8% of its vocabulary being Arabic in origin, this language is the second most important influence after Latin and it has also been influenced by Basque as well as by neighboring Ibero-Romance languages. It also adopted words from languages such as Gothic language from the Visigoths in which many Spanish names and surnames have a Visigothic origin. Spanish is one of the six languages of the United Nations. It is the language in the world by the number of people who speak it as a mother tongue, after Mandarin Chinese. It is estimated more than 437 million people speak Spanish as a native language. Spanish is the official or national language in Spain, Equatorial Guinea, speakers in the Americas total some 418 million. In the European Union, Spanish is the tongue of 8% of the population. Spanish is the most popular second language learned in the United States, in 2011 it was estimated by the American Community Survey that of the 55 million Hispanic United States residents who are five years of age and over,38 million speak Spanish at home. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 uses the term castellano to define the language of the whole Spanish State in contrast to las demás lenguas españolas. Article III reads as follows, El castellano es la lengua española oficial del Estado, las demás lenguas españolas serán también oficiales en las respectivas Comunidades Autónomas. Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State, the other Spanish languages as well shall be official in their respective Autonomous Communities. The Spanish Royal Academy, on the hand, currently uses the term español in its publications. Two etymologies for español have been suggested, the Spanish Royal Academy Dictionary derives the term from the Provençal word espaignol, and that in turn from the Medieval Latin word Hispaniolus, from—or pertaining to—Hispania
2.
Chile
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Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres of Antarctica, the arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes, the southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands. Spain conquered and colonized Chile in the century, replacing Inca rule in northern and central Chile. After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818, Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic, in the 1960s and 1970s the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil. The regime, headed by Augusto Pinochet, ended in 1990 after it lost a referendum in 1988 and was succeeded by a coalition which ruled through four presidencies until 2010. Chile is today one of South Americas most stable and prosperous nations and it leads Latin American nations in rankings of human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, state of peace, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. It also ranks high regionally in sustainability of the state, Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Union of South American Nations and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States. There are various theories about the origin of the word Chile, another theory points to the similarity of the valley of the Aconcagua with that of the Casma Valley in Peru, where there was a town and valley named Chili. Another origin attributed to chilli is the onomatopoeic cheele-cheele—the Mapuche imitation of the warble of a locally known as trile. The Spanish conquistadors heard about this name from the Incas, ultimately, Almagro is credited with the universalization of the name Chile, after naming the Mapocho valley as such. The older spelling Chili was in use in English until at least 1900 before switching over to Chile, stone tool evidence indicates humans sporadically frequented the Monte Verde valley area as long as 18,500 years ago. About 10,000 years ago, migrating Native Americans settled in fertile valleys, settlement sites from very early human habitation include Monte Verde, Cueva del Milodon and the Pali Aike Craters lava tube. They fought against the Sapa Inca Tupac Yupanqui and his army, the result of the bloody three-day confrontation known as the Battle of the Maule was that the Inca conquest of the territories of Chile ended at the Maule river. The next Europeans to reach Chile were Diego de Almagro and his band of Spanish conquistadors, the Spanish encountered various cultures that supported themselves principally through slash-and-burn agriculture and hunting. The conquest of Chile began in earnest in 1540 and was carried out by Pedro de Valdivia, one of Francisco Pizarros lieutenants, who founded the city of Santiago on 12 February 1541. Although the Spanish did not find the gold and silver they sought, they recognized the agricultural potential of Chiles central valley
3.
Music festival
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A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality, or locality of musicians, or holiday. They are commonly held outdoors, and are inclusive of other attractions such as food and merchandise vending, performance art. Many festivals are annual, or repeat at some other interval, some, including many rock festivals, are held only once. Some festivals are organized as for-profit concerts and others are benefits for a specific cause, another type of music festival is the educative type, organized annually in local communities, regionally, or nationally, for the benefit of amateur musicians of all ages and grades of achievement. The Pythian Games at Delphi included musical performances, and may be one of the earliest festivals known, during the Middle Ages, festivals were often held as competitions. Entrants perform prepared pieces in front of an audience which includes competitors and they also usually receive a certificate, classified according to merit, and some may win trophies. The competitive element is played down, however, as the important aspect is that participants can learn from one another. Such festivals aim to provide a friendly and supportive platform for musicians to share in the excitement of making music, for many, they provide a bridge from lessons and examinations to performing confidently in public. Milwaukee, Wisconsins 11-day event, Summerfest, promotes itself as The Worlds Largest Music Festival, operating annually since 1968, the festival attracts between 800,000 and 1,000,000 people each year, and hosts over 800 musical acts. The Woodstock Festival in 1969 drew nearly 500,000 attendees, the largest annual greenfield music festival in the world is Roskilde Festival in Denmark, which attracts about 135,000 spectators each year. Glastonbury Festival has a capacity of about 175,000 spectators, for a more complete listing of active and defunct festivals by region, see Category, Music festivals by country. Some sections may also have links to related lists of music festivals by country, L. my.1 Festival, Biddinghuizen Dekmantel, Amsterdam Festival Mundial, Tilburg Incubate, Tilburg Le Guess Who. Born 1985 Salas Principales Auditorio Alfredo Kraus, Las Palmas y Auditorio Adán Martin, Tenerife. com – The most extensive music festival listings
4.
Tom Jones (singer)
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Sir Thomas John Woodward OBE is a Welsh singer known by his stage name Tom Jones. Joness powerful voice has been described as a full-throated, robust baritone and his performing range has included pop, rock, R&B, show tunes, country, dance, soul and gospel. In 2008, the New York Times called Jones a musical shape shifter, who could slide from soulful rasp to pop croon, with a voice as husky as it was pretty. Jones received a Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1966, an MTV Video Music Award in 1989, Jones was awarded an OBE in 1999 and in 2006 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to music. Jones was born Thomas John Woodward, at 57 Kingsland Terrace, Treforest, Pontypridd, in Glamorgan and his parents were Thomas Woodward, a coal miner, and Freda Jones. His maternal grandfather, Albert Jones, was Welsh, and his grandmother, Ada Jones, was born in Pontypridd, to parents from Somerset. Jones attended Wood Road Infants School, Wood Road Junior School and he began singing at an early age, He would regularly sing at family gatherings, weddings and in his school choir. Jones did not like school or sports, but gained confidence through his singing talent, at 12 he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Many years later he said, I spent two years in bed recovering and it was the worst time of my life. During convalescence he could do little else but listen to music, Joness bluesy singing style developed out of the sound of American soul music. His early influences included blues and R&B singers Little Richard, Solomon Burke, Jackie Wilson and Brook Benton, as well as Elvis Presley, in March 1957 Jones married his high school girlfriend, Linda Trenchard when they were expecting a child together, both aged 16. The couples son, Mark, was born in the month following their wedding, to support his young family Jones took a job working in a glove factory and was later employed in construction. Joness voice has been described as a full-throated, robust baritone and he became the frontman in 1963 for Tommy Scott and the Senators, a Welsh beat group. They soon gained a following and reputation in South Wales. In 1964, the group recorded several tracks with producer Joe Meek, who took them to various labels. Later that year, Decca producer Peter Sullivan saw Tommy Scott and the Senators performing in a club and directed them to manager Phil Solomon, the group continued to play gigs at dance halls and working mens clubs in South Wales. One night at the Top Hat in Cwmtillery, Wales, Jones was spotted by Gordon Mills, Mills became Joness manager and took the young singer to London, and also renamed him Tom Jones, to exploit the popularity of the Academy Award-winning 1963 film. Eventually, Mills got Jones a recording contract with Decca and his first single, Chills and Fever, was released in late 1964
5.
Rick Astley
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Richard Paul Rick Astley is an English singer, songwriter, musician, and radio personality. His 1987 song, Never Gonna Give You Up was a No 1 hit single in 25 countries, by the time of his retirement in 1993, Astley had sold approximately 40 million records worldwide. Astley made a comeback in 2007, becoming an Internet phenomenon when his video Never Gonna Give You Up became integral to the known as rickrolling. Astley was voted Best Act Ever by Internet users at the MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 and his 2016 album 50 debuted in the UK at No 1. Astley was born on 6 February 1966 in Newton-le-Willows in Lancashire and his parents divorced when he was five, and Astley was brought up by his father. His musical career started when he was ten, singing in the church choir. During his schooldays, Astley formed and played the drums in a number of local bands, in 1985, Astley was performing as a drummer with a soul band named FBI, with Morris on guitar. They were a local band writing and performing their own music. When FBIs lead singer left the band, and Morris left to concentrate on his career in hairdressing, Astley offered to be the lead vocalist. This was when he was noticed by the record producer Pete Waterman, the reason for Astley to be hired as a tape op was to overcome his shyness. SAW also hired most of FBI, including Morris as a guitarist/songwriter and his first single was the little-known When You Gonna, released as a collaboration with Lisa Carter, with little promotion. His first solo offering was Never Gonna Give You Up, recorded on New Years Day 1987, Astleys distinctive rich, deep voice combined with dance-pop, made the song an immediate success, spending five weeks at the top of the British charts and becoming the years highest-selling single. The song was also a number one hit, topping the charts in 24 other countries, including the US, Australia. It would become the first of 13 top 30 hit singles for him, Never Gonna Give You Up won Best British single at the 1988 BPI awards, and he performed the hit in front of a global audience of 100 million. His next single was Whenever You Need Somebody, which was released in October, the single was a recycled Stock, Aitken, Waterman song, originally recorded by OChi Brown in 1985. It became a successful European hit, reaching No 1 in seven countries, including Germany and Sweden and it also reached No 3 in the UK. It was not released in North America, overall Whenever You Need Somebody sold 15.2 million copies worldwide, making him the top-selling British act of the year. In December 1987, Astley released a version of the Nat King Cole classic When I Fall in Love
6.
Sting (musician)
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Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE, better known by his stage name Sting, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He was the songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band The Police from 1977 to 1984. He has included elements of rock, jazz, reggae, classical, new-age and he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Police in 2003. In 2000, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for recording, in 2003, Sting received a CBE from Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace for services to music, and was made a Kennedy Center Honoree at the White House in 2014. He was awarded the Polar Music Prize in 2017, with The Police, Sting became one of the worlds best-selling music artists. Solo and with The Police combined, he has sold over 100 million records, in 2006, Paste ranked him 62nd of the 100 best living songwriters. He was 63rd of VH1s 100 greatest artists of rock, and he grew up near Wallsends shipyards, which made an impression on him. At eight or ten years old, he was inspired by the Queen Mother waving at him from a Rolls-Royce to divert from the shipyard prospect towards a more glamorous life. He helped his father deliver milk and by ten was obsessed with an old Spanish guitar left by a friend of his father. He attended St Cuthberts Grammar School in Newcastle upon Tyne and he visited nightclubs such as Club AGogo to see Cream and Manfred Mann, who influenced his music. After being a bus conductor, building labourer and tax officer, he attended Northern Counties College of Education from 1971 to 1974 and he taught at St Pauls First School in Cramlington for two years. Sting performed jazz in the evening, weekends and during breaks from college and he played with the Phoenix Jazzmen, Newcastle Big Band, and Last Exit. He gained his nickname after his habit of wearing a black, bandleader Gordon Solomon thought he looked like a bee, which prompted the name Sting. In the 1985 documentary Bring on the Night a journalist called him Gordon, to which he replied, My children call me Sting, my mother calls me Sting, in Time in 2011 he said, I was never called Gordon. You could shout Gordon in the street and I would just move out of your way, in January 1977, Sting moved from Newcastle to London and joined Stewart Copeland and Henry Padovani to form The Police. From 1978 to 1983 they had five UK chart-topping albums, won six Grammy Awards and their initial sound was punk-inspired, but they switched to reggae rock and minimalist pop. Their final album, Synchronicity, was nominated for five Grammy Awards including Album of the Year and it included their most successful song, Every Breath You Take, written by Sting, in 1983. While never formally breaking up, after Synchronicity the group agreed to concentrate on solo projects, as the years went by, the band members, particularly Sting, dismissed the possibility of reforming
7.
Backstreet Boys
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The Backstreet Boys are an American vocal group, formed in Orlando, Florida in 1993. The group consists of AJ McLean, Howie D, Nick Carter, Kevin Richardson, and Brian Littrell. The group rose to fame with their international album, Backstreet Boys. In the following year released their second international album Backstreets Back. They rose to superstardom with their studio album Millennium and its follow-up album. After a two-year hiatus, they regrouped and released a comeback album Never Gone, after the conclusion of the Never Gone Tour in 2006, Richardson left the group to pursue other interests. The group then released two albums as a quartet, Unbreakable and This Is Us, in 2012, the group announced that Richardson had rejoined them permanently. In the following year they celebrated their 20th anniversary and released their first independent album, the group also released their first documentary movie, titled Backstreet Boys, Show Em What Youre Made Of in January 2015. The Backstreet Boys have sold over 130 million records worldwide, making them the boy band in history. They are the first group since Sade to have their first nine albums reach the top 10 on the Billboard 200, and they also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on April 22,2013. Howie Dorough and AJ McLean were natives of Orlando, Florida, the three, realizing that they could harmonize together, decided to form a trio. Cousins Kevin Richardson and Brian Littrell, both from Lexington, Kentucky, sang in church choirs and festivals when they were children. Richardson moved to Orlando in 1990, where he worked at Walt Disney World, eventually, he met Dorough, Carter, and McLean through a co-worker, and the four decided to form a group. In the course of all this, Lou Pearlman in 1992 placed an ad in the Orlando Sentinel to compose a vocal group, McLean, who was the first to audition for Pearlman in his living room, became the groups first member. In January 1993, Pearlman held a casting call and hundreds of young performers auditioned at his blimp hangar in Kissimmee. Eventually, Carter, Dorough, and Richardson were selected after meeting Pearlmans expectations, Littrell flew from Kentucky to Orlando to formally join the group on April 20,1993, a day after receiving a phone call from Richardson about it. Thus, April 20 became their anniversary date, Pearlman decided to call them Backstreet Boys, after Orlandos Backstreet Market, an outdoor flea market near International Drive which was also a teen hangout. The Backstreet Boys had their very first performance at SeaWorld Orlando on May 8,1993, the group then continued to perform in various venues during summer 1993, from shopping malls, restaurants, to a high-profile charity gala in Fort Lauderdale, Florida
8.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
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His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungarys declaration of war against Serbia. This caused the Central Powers and Serbias allies to declare war on each other, Franz Ferdinand was born in Graz, Austria, the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria and of his second wife, Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. In 1875, when he was eleven years old, his cousin Duke Francis V of Modena died. Franz Ferdinand thus became one of the wealthiest men in Austria, in 1889, Franz Ferdinands life changed dramatically. His cousin Crown Prince Rudolf committed suicide at his lodge in Mayerling. This left Franz Ferdinands father, Karl Ludwig, as first in line to the throne, Karl Ludwig died of typhoid fever in 1896. Henceforth, Franz Ferdinand was groomed to succeed to the throne, despite this burden, he did manage to find time for travel and personal pursuits, such as the trip round the world he embarked on in 1892. After visiting India he spent time hunting kangaroos and emus in Australia in 1893, then travelled on to Nouméa, New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Sarawak, Hong Kong and Japan. After sailing across the Pacific on the RMS Empress of China from Yokohama to Vancouver he crossed the United States and this caused both barrels of the gun he was carrying to be discharged, the shot passing within a few feet of the archduke and myself. I have often wondered whether the Great War might not have been averted, or at least postponed, had the archduke met his death there, Franz Ferdinand had a fondness for trophy hunting that was excessive even by the standards of European nobility of this time. In his diaries he kept track of an estimated 300,000 game kills,5,000 of which were deer, about 100,000 trophies were on exhibit at his Bohemian castle at Konopiště which he also stuffed with various antiquities, his other great passion. Franz Ferdinand, like most males in the ruling Habsburg line and he was frequently and rapidly promoted, given the rank of lieutenant at age fourteen, captain at twenty-two, colonel at twenty-seven, and major general at thirty-one. While never receiving formal training, he was considered eligible for command. He exerted influence on the armed forces even when he did not hold a command through a military chancery that produced and received documents. This was headed by Alexander Brosch von Aarenau and eventually employed a staff of sixteen and his authority was reinforced in 1907 when he secured the retirement of the Emperors confidant Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky as Chief of the General Staff. Becks successor, Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, was personally selected Franz Ferdinard, in 1894 Franz Ferdinand met Countess Sophie Chotek at a ball in Prague. To be eligible to marry a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg, the Choteks were not one of these families, although they did include among their ancestors, in the female line, princes of Baden, Hohenzollern-Hechingen, and Liechtenstein. One of Sophies direct ancestors was Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, she was descended from Elisabeth of Habsburg, Franz Ferdinand was a descendant of King Rudolf I
9.
Cat Stevens
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Yusuf Islam, commonly known by his former stage name Cat Stevens, is a British singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, humanitarian, and education philanthropist. His 1967 debut album reached the top 10 in the UK, and his albums Tea for the Tillerman and Teaser and the Firecat were both certified triple platinum in the US by the RIAA. His musical style consists of folk, pop, rock, and his 1972 album Catch Bull at Four spent three weeks at number one on the Billboard 200, and fifteen weeks at number one in the Australian ARIA Charts. He earned two ASCAP songwriting awards in 2005 and 2006 for The First Cut Is the Deepest, and his other hit songs include Father and Son, Wild World, Peace Train, Moonshadow, and Morning Has Broken. In 2007 he received the British Academys Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection, in December 1977, Stevens converted to Islam, and he adopted the name Yusuf Islam the following year. In 1979, he auctioned all his guitars for charity and left his career to devote himself to educational. He was embroiled in a controversy regarding comments he made in 1989 about the death fatwa on author Salman Rushdie. He has received two doctorates and awards for promoting peace from two organisations founded by Mikhail Gorbachev. In 2006, he returned to pop music – releasing his first album of new pop songs in 28 years, with that release and subsequent ones, he dropped the surname Islam from the album cover art – using the stage name Yusuf as a mononym. In 2009, he released the album Roadsinger, and in 2014, he released the album Tell Em Im Gone and he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014. His second North American tour since his resurgence, featuring 12 shows in intimate venues, steven Georgiou, born on 21 July 1948 in the Marylebone area of London, was the youngest child of a Greek Cypriot father, Stavros Georgiou, and a Swedish mother, Ingrid Wickman. He had a sister, Anita, and a brother. All family members worked in the restaurant and his parents divorced when he was about eight years old, but they continued to maintain the family restaurant and live above it. Although his father was Greek Orthodox and his mother a Baptist, Georgiou was sent to St. Joseph Roman Catholic Primary School, Macklin Street, which was closer to his fathers business on Drury Lane. Georgiou developed an interest in piano at a young age, eventually using the family baby grand piano to work out the chords. Inspired by the popularity of the Beatles, at 15 he extended his interest to the guitar, persuaded his father to pay £8 for his first instrument, Stevens emphasised that the advent of West Side Story in particular affected him, giving him a different view of life. He attended other local West End schools, where he says he was constantly in trouble and he was called the artist boy and mentions that I was beat up, but I was noticed. He went on to take a course of study at Hammersmith School of Art
10.
Morrissey
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Steven Patrick Morrissey, professionally known as Morrissey, is an English singer, songwriter and author. He rose to prominence as the singer of the indie rock band The Smiths. Since then, Morrissey has had a career, making the top ten of the UK Singles Chart on ten occasions. Born in Davyhulme, Lancashire, to a working-class Irish migrant family, as a child he developed a love of literature, kitchen sink realism and popular music. Involved in Manchesters punk rock scene during the late 1970s, he fronted The Nosebleeds, beginning a career in music journalism, he authored a number of books on music and film in the early 1980s. With Johnny Marr he established The Smiths in 1982, soon attracting national recognition for their debut album. Personal differences between Morrissey and Marr resulted in The Smiths separation in 1987, in 1988, Morrissey launched his solo career with the album Viva Hate. This and its follow-up albums – Bona Drag, Kill Uncle, Your Arsenal, in the mid-to-late 1990s, his subsequent albums, Southpaw Grammar and Maladjusted, also charted but were less well received. After a hiatus between 1998 and 2003, Morrissey released a comeback album, You Are the Quarry. Relocating to Italy, ensuing years saw the release of albums Ringleader of the Tormentors, Years of Refusal, in 2013 Morrissey released his autobiography, followed by his first novel in 2015. Highly influential, Morrissey is widely credited as being a figure in the emergence of indie rock. He has been acclaimed as one of the greatest lyricists in British history, in a 2006 poll held by the BBCs Culture Show, Morrissey was voted the second greatest living British icon. Steven Patrick Morrissey was born on 22 May 1959, at Park Hospital, Davyhulme and his parents – Elizabeth and Peter Morrissey – were working-class Irish Catholics. They had emigrated to Manchester from Dublin with his sibling, elder sister Jacqueline. They had given him the forename of Steven after the American actor Steve Cochran and his earliest home was a council house at 17 Harper Street in the Hulme area of inner Manchester. He also became aware of the sentiment in British society against Irish migrants to Britain. In 1970 the family relocated to another house at 384 Kings Road. Following an early education at St. Wilfreds Primary School, Morrissey failed his 11-plus exam, and proceeded to St. Marys Technical Modern School and he excelled at athletics, although he was an unpopular loner at the school
11.
Soda Stereo
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Soda Stereo was an Argentine rock band created in Buenos Aires in 1982, by the power trio made up of Gustavo Cerati, Héctor Zeta Bosio, and Charly Alberti. It achieved international success throughout the 1980s and 1990s, playing a role in the surfacing, development and dissemination of Latin. They were the first Latin rock group to achieve success throughout Hispanic America, soda’s early sound was influenced by new wave bands such as the said Virus, The Police, Elvis Costello and post-punk bands such as Television. Soda Stereo has topped the lists in their native Argentina, becoming one of the best-selling Argentinian bands of all time and setting landmarks in record sales. Throughout their 15-year career, the band sold over 17 million albums in Latin America alone – this number has continued to rise following the separation of the band. In 2010, Gustavo Cerati suffered a stroke while on tour for his Fuerza natural album and fell into a coma. In the summer of 1982 Gustavo Cerati, at 22 years of age, Cerati and Bosio, each drawn together by the others musical tastes, established a friendship and a musical bond that encouraged them to start playing together. Cerati first joined Bosios group The Morgan, then formed Stress with Charly Amato and drummer Pablo Guadalupe, both projects did not meet Ceratis expectations, however, and both fell through. Interested in his talents, Cerati and Bosio would ask him to join the band after hearing him play–if he would cut his hair and it was during this time that Ficicchia would adopt the stage name Charly Alberti. The band, after experimenting with multiple names, would settle on the name Los Estereotipos. The band would record a demo under this name, with Richard Coleman on backing guitar, the songs recorded would include Porque No Puedo Ser Del Jet Set. which would become a hit single for the band on their debut studio album. The first show under Sodas new name occurred in December 1982, at Alfredo Lois birthday party, Cerati, Lois would go on to become Sodas video director as well as their visual and stylistic guru, he would later be recognized by Cerati himself as the fourth Soda member. Shortly after this first show, Richard Coleman, fourth member, left the band on good terms, in July 1983 the now-trio made their debut at the Discothèque Airport in the Buenos Aires neighborhood of Belgrano, Buenos Aires. The band reminisced on this show, Our debut was at a show at the Disco Airport. Nobody gave us so much as a nod, the three of us played on a very deficient sound system. But we were happy, even no one paid attention. We really looked like a group, we didnt know how to play. Soda would take up residency at the traditional and deteriorated Cabaret Marabú club in Maipú359, a small autonomous city in Argentina
12.
Chayanne
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Elmer Figueroa Arce, better known under the stage name Chayanne, is a Puerto Rican Latin pop singer, actor and composer. As a solo artist, Chayanne has released 21 solo albums, elmer Figueroa Arces father is Quintino Figueroa, a sales manager, and his mother was Irma Luz Arce, a teacher, who died on April 17,2014, after a long fight against cancer. He is the third of five siblings and his nickname Chayanne was given to him by his mother, in honor of his love for the 1950s television series, Cheyenne. In the late 1970s, he auditioned for Menudo, but the producers told him that he was too young to be in the group and he joined another group, Los Chicos, they produced several hit recordings, including Puerto Rico Son Los Chicos and Ave Maria. After Los Chicos separated in 1984, Chayanne began his career as a solo artist and he signed with RCA Víctor and released his album debut, Chayanne es mi Nombre, that year. His second album with RCA Víctor, Sangre Latina was released in 1986, after three years with RCA Víctor, Chayanne switched labels to Sony Music and broke out with his first self-titled album in 1987. This album featured a blend of ballads and dance tracks, a formula for which Chayanne would be famous, on November 1,1988, Chayanne released the eponymous second self-titled album, Chayanne. He followed it with the album title track would eventually become Chayannes signature song. That album also featured the hit El Centro de mi Corazón, two years later, he released the album Influencias, which was a tribute to some of his musical influences. In 1996, he released Volver a Nacer, in 1998, he received his second Grammy nomination with the album Atado a Tu Amor, which featured his first number-one hit since 1992, Dejaria Todo as well as a long-lasting hit in the title track. The hot streak continued in 2000 when Chayanne released Simplemente with the top-ten hit Candela, on March 19,2002, he released Grandes Exitos, a greatest hits album with a few new tracks. One of those new tracks, Y Tu Te Vas, was the song of the summer in 2002. The next year, Chayanne released Sincero which featured two songs, Un Siglo Sin Ti and Cuidarte el Alma. In 2005, he did a tour along with Mexican Alejandro Fernández and that same year, he released two albums. First, a second greatest hits album, Desde Siempre with the new song Contra Vientos y Mareas, followed by Cautivo with hits such as No Se Por Que, Te Echo de Menos, Chayannes 13th album Mi Tiempo was released on April 10,2007. The album debuted at two on the Top Latin Album chart selling 17,000 copies in its first week of release. The first single off the album Si Nos Quedara Poco Tiempo reached number one on the Hot Latin Tracks chart, following the albums release, Chayanne began an international tour to promote Mi Tiempo. Among the places visited early in the tour were Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, on August 24,2008, he began a series of presentations in Spain
13.
Ricky Martin
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Enrique Martín Morales, commonly known as Ricky Martin, is a Puerto Rican singer, actor and author. Martin began his career at age twelve with the pop group Menudo. After five years with the group, he released several Spanish-language solo albums throughout the 1990s and he also acted on stage and on TV in Mexico, becoming a modest star in the country. In 1994 he starred on the American TV soap opera General Hospital, since its release, the song has sold over 8 million copies, making it one of the best selling singles of all time. His first English-language album, has sold 22 million copies and is one of the best selling albums of all time. His other studio albums include, Me Amarás, A Medio Vivir, Vuelve, Sound Loaded, Almas del Silencio, Life, Música + Alma + Sexo, and A Quien Quiera Escuchar. Martin was born on December 24,1971, in San Juan, Puerto Rico, the son of Nereida Morales, an accountant, and Enrique Martín Negroni and he was the second youngest sibling. Martin has two older maternal half-brothers, Fernando and Ángel Fernández, and two older paternal half-brothers, Eric and Daniel Martín, and a younger paternal half-sister Vanessa Martín. Martin in an interview with Vanity Fair described his origins as Spanish, with Basque and Jewish ancestry from his great-grandparents, Martin grew up in a Roman Catholic home and was an altar boy throughout his childhood. His mothers side of the family was musically inclined and his grandfather was a poet. In a year and a half, he starred in eleven commercials, after achieving a small amount of fame in Puerto Rico for his work in television commercials, Martin auditioned for membership in Puerto Rican boy band Menudo. Although the executives enjoyed his dancing and singing at his first two auditions, Martin was rejected because he was too short, by the third audition, his persistence impressed executives and in 1984, twelve-year-old Martin became a member. The song Asignatura Pendiente from Almas del Silencio was inspired by the first time Martin left Puerto Rico to tour with Menudo. He considered leaving the group while on tour in Brazil, but ultimately decided to out of fear of media backlash. Martin also began struggling with his sexuality, noting the stark contrast between his status as a sex symbol and his own emotions, despite this, Martin acknowledged his opportunity to have so many amazing experiences with so many amazing people during his time with the group. He developed an interest in philanthropy when the group became UNICEF ambassadors and his experiences as an ambassador affected him greatly and inspired him to continue working with charities later in life. By 1987, Menudos record sales began to decline and the changed its image, adopting an edgier look. The band released the album Somos Los Hijos del Rock in Spanish, and to appeal to the Menudos Filipino fanbase, after recording eleven albums with the group, Martin left Menudo in July 1989 at age seventeen, hoping to rest and evaluate his career path
14.
Prince Royce
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Geoffrey Royce Rojas, known by his stage name Prince Royce, is an American singer and songwriter from The Bronx. At an early age, Royce took an interest in music, by age nineteen, Royce met Andrés Hidalgo, who became his manager. Hidalgo later introduced Royce to Sergio George, who signed him to his label after hearing three of his demos. In March 2010, he released his eponymous studio album. Both songs reached number-one on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart while Corazón Sin Cara reached number-one on the US Hot Latin Songs chart, the album itself reached number-one on the US Billboard Latin Albums and Tropical Albums charts. Royce received three awards at the Billboard Latin Music Awards in 2011, which included Tropical Album of the Year, on April 10,2012, Royce released his second studio album, Phase II, which reached number-one on both the US Latin Albums and Tropical Albums charts. The album featured the singles Las Cosas Pequeñas and Incondicional and was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Fusion Album and his third studio album, Soy el Mismo, was released on October 8,2013, preceded by the single Darte un Beso. The album earned Royce his second nomination for the Latin Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Tropical Album, on July 24,2015, Royce released his fourth studio album, Double Vision, his first primarily in the English language. The album included the singles Stuck on a Feeling featuring Snoop Dogg and Back It Up featuring Jennifer Lopez and Pitbull, geoffrey Royce Rojas was born and raised in The Bronx, a borough of New York City. He is the second oldest of four children, born to Dominican parents and his father drove a taxicab and his mother worked at a beauty salon. When he was young, he participated in choir in elementary school, competed in talent shows and, at the age of thirteen, recalling his first time performing before a crowd, he said, elementary school, I was singing a Christmas song. I felt really comfortable on stage, at age fifteen, Royce had begun making music with a partner named Jose Chusan better known as Jino. The duo was known as Jino and Royce, El Duo Real. At the age of sixteen, Royce started making music with friend and producer Donzell Rodriguez. The duo eventually had a meeting with Atlantic Records in early 2007, with the decline of the reggaeton music, Royce made the ultimate decision to focus more on the bachata industry. At age nineteen, Royce met Andrés Hidalgo, who after hearing his previous demo instantly became his manager, Hidalgo began helping Royce work hands-on with bachata music. That was the point which helped Royce decide that pursuing a musical career is what he wanted to do. Hidalgo later introduced Royce to Sergio George, who signed the former to his label, Top Stop Music
15.
Marc Anthony
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Marco Antonio Muñiz, known professionally as Marc Anthony, is an American singer, songwriter, actor, record producer and television producer. Anthony is also the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time, the two-time Grammy Award and five-time Latin Grammy Award winner has sold more than 12 million albums worldwide. He is best known for his Latin salsa numbers and ballads, Anthony has won numerous awards and his achievements have been honored through various recognitions. He was the recipient of the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute Chairs Award and he also received the 2009 CHCI Chairs Lifetime Achievement Award on September 16,2009. He holds the Guinness World Record for best-selling tropical/salsa artist and the most number-one albums on the Billboard Tropical Albums year-end charts, Marco Antonio Muñiz, known professionally by his stage name Marc Anthony, was born in New York City to parents from Yauco, Puerto Rico. His mother Guillermina was a housewife, his father, Felipe Muñiz, Anthonys parents named him after Mexican singer Marco Antonio Muñiz. Anthony grew up in East Harlem, also known as Spanish Harlem and El Barrio, Muñiz began his career as a session vocalist for freestyle and Underground New York house music acts. After changing his name to avoid confusion with his namesake, Anthony worked as a songwriter and backing vocalist for pop acts including Menudo and his first album was a freestyle music record, Rebel, which debuted in 1988 on Bluedog Records. That same year he wrote and produced Boy Ive Been Told for fellow freestyle artist Sa-Fire, then in 1989, he sang backup vocals for Ann-Marie on the freestyle club hit, With or Without You produced by Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry. A year later in 1990, with Little Louie Vega and Todd Terry, Marc wrote a duet with Chrissy I-eece, in 1992, Vega and Anthony opened for Latin bandleader Tito Puente at New Yorks Madison Square Garden. After 1992, he changed his style from freestyle to salsa, Anthony was initially reluctant to become a salsa musician and declined an offer to make a salsa album when Ralph Mercado, president of RMM Records, asked him. Anthony was in a taxi when he heard Juan Gabriels hit song, Hasta Que Te Conocí, inspired by the music of Tito Puente, Hector Lavoe, Rubén Blades, and Juan Gabriel, Anthony released his Spanish-language debut, Otra Nota, in 1993. Anthony performed at the Radio y Musica Convention hosted by Alfredo Alonso, the album also included a cover of Breads song, Make It with You. Subsequent tours throughout the Americas, including a slot for Blades. In 1994, he was featured in La Indias album Dicen Que Soy and his 1995 follow-up, Todo a su tiempo, won Anthony a Billboard award for Hot Tropical Artist of the Year. The album was nominated for a Grammy with songs like Te Conozco Bien, Hasta Ayer, Nadie Como Ella, Se Me Sigue Olvidando, Te Amare. The album has more than 800,000 copies and has become established as a gold record in the United States. Anthonys next Spanish language album, Contra La Coriente, was followed by the television special Marc Anthony and it was broadcast on HBO on Valentines Day in 2000
16.
Carlos Santana
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Carlos Santana audio is a Mexican and American musician who first became famous in the late 1960s and early 1970s with his band, Santana, which pioneered a fusion of rock and Latin American music. The bands sound featured his melodic, blues-based guitar lines set against Latin and African rhythms featuring percussion instruments such as timbales, Santana continued to work in these forms over the following decades. He experienced a resurgence of popularity and critical acclaim in the late 1990s, in 2003 Rolling Stone magazine listed Santana at number 20 on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. He has won 10 Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards, Santana was born in Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, Mexico. He learned to play the violin at age five and the guitar at age eight under the tutelage of his father and his younger brother, Jorge Santana, would also become a professional guitarist. Young Carlos was heavily influenced by Ritchie Valens at a time there were very few Mexicans in American rock. The family moved from Autlán de Navarro to Tijuana, the city on Mexicos border with California, Carlos stayed in Tijuana but later joined his family in San Francisco, graduating from James Lick Middle School, and in 1965 from Mission High School. Carlos was accepted at California State University, Northridge, and Humboldt State University, Santana was influenced by popular artists of the 1950s such as B. B. King, T-Bone Walker, and John Lee Hooker. Soon after he began playing guitar, he joined local bands along the Tijuana Strip where he was able to begin adding his own touch to 50s Rock n Roll. He was also introduced to a variety of new influences, including jazz and folk music. After several years spent working as a dishwasher in a diner and busking for spare change, in 1966 he gained prominence due to a series of accidental events, all happening on the same day. Santana was a frequent spectator at Bill Grahams Fillmore West, during a Sunday matinee show, Paul Butterfield was slated to perform there but was unable to do so as a result of being intoxicated. Santanas manager, Stan Marcum, immediately suggested to Graham that Santana join the impromptu band, during the jam session, Santanas guitar playing and solo gained the notice of both the audience and Graham. During the same year, Santana formed the Santana Blues Band, with street musicians David Brown, Marcus Malone. With their highly original blend of Latin-infused rock, jazz, blues, salsa and African rhythms, the bands early success, capped off by a memorable performance at Woodstock in 1969, led to him signing a recording contract with Columbia Records, then run by Clive Davis. Santana was signed by CBS Records and went into the studio to record their first album and they were not satisfied with the release and decided changes needed to be made. This resulted in the dismissal of drummer Bob Livingston, Santana replaced him with Mike Shrieve, who had a strong background in both jazz and rock. Percussionist Marcus Malone was forced to quit the band due to manslaughter charges
17.
Daddy Yankee
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Ramón Luis Ayala Rodríguez, known by his stage name Daddy Yankee, is a Puerto Rican singer, rapper, songwriter, actor and record producer. Ayala was born in Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico and he is known as the King of Reggeatón. Ayala aspired to be a baseball player, and tried out for the Seattle Mariners of the Major League Baseball. Before he could be signed, he was hit by a stray round from an AK-47 rifle while taking a break from a studio recording session with reggaeton mix tape icon DJ Playero. Since then, he has sold over 18 million albums, Daddy Yankee first appeared on the 1992 DJ Playeros Mixtape, Playero 34, with the song So Persigueme, No Te Detengas. Ayala was originally going to become a baseball player but he was shot in his leg while taking a break from a studio recording session. The bullet was never removed and he credits this incident with allowing him to pursue a musical career and he made a few songs talking about the shooting incident, but his most complete song about it was 6 De Enero, released in 2012. His first official project as a solo artist was No Mercy. Early in his career he attempted to imitate the style of Vico C and he went on to emulate other artists in the genre, including DJ Playero, DJ Nelson, and DJ Drako, taking elements from their styles in order to develop an original style. In doing so, he abandoned the traditional model of rap. In 1997, Daddy Yankee collaborated with the rapper Nas, who was an inspiration for Ayala, in the song The Profecy and he released two compilation albums, El Cartel and El Cartel II, in 1997 and 2001, respectively. Both albums were very famous around Puerto Rico, but were not very successful around Latin America, between those years, Ayala released a total of nine music videos, including Posición featuring Alberto Stylee, Tu Cuerpo En La Cama featuring Nicky Jam and Muévete Y Perrea. In 2003, Ayala collaborated for the first time with the prestigious reggaeton producers Luny Tunes in the album Mas Flow, with his commercial success song Cógela Que Va Sin Jockey. In 2003, Daddy Yankee released an album named Los Homerun-es. That was later charted, Seguroski, being his first charted single after six of them. Barrio Fino performed well in the charts of the United States, Latin America, Europe, and Japan. Ayalas next album, Barrio Fino, was produced by Luny Tunes and DJ Nelson among others and released in July 2004 by El Cartel Records and it was the most highly anticipated album in the reggaeton community. Ayala had enjoyed Salsa music since he was young, and this led him to music of genres besides reggaeton in the album
18.
Shakira
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Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll is a Colombian singer, songwriter, dancer, and record producer. Born and raised in Barranquilla, she began performing in school, demonstrating Latin American, Arabic, Shakira entered the English-language market with her fifth album, Laundry Service. Its lead single, Whenever, Wherever, became the single of 2002. Shakiras eighth and ninth albums, She Wolf and Sale el Sol and her official song for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Waka Waka, became the biggest-selling World Cup song of all time. With over 1.3 billion views, it is one of the music videos on YouTube. Shakira served as a coach on the fourth and sixth seasons of the American version of The Voice in 2013 and 2014 and her tenth album, Shakira, is preceded by its lead single, Cant Remember to Forget You. She carries out well-known philanthropic activities through charity work most notably through her Pies Descalzos Foundation, in 2014, she was listed as the 58th most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll was born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla and she is the only child of Nidia Ripoll Torrado and William Mebarak Chadid. Her paternal grandparents emigrated from Lebanon to New York City, where her father was born and her father then emigrated to Colombia at age 5. The name Shakira is Arabic, from which language it translates as grateful and it is the feminine form of the name Shakir. From her mother, she has Spanish and Italian ancestry, although both of her mothers surnames are Spanish and she was raised Roman Catholic and attended Catholic schools. She has eight older half-siblings from her fathers previous marriage, as she was growing up, she was fascinated watching her father writing stories on a typewriter, and asked for one as a Christmas gift. She got that typewriter at the age of seven, and has continued writing poetry since then and these poems eventually evolved into songs. She started dancing on the table, and the experience made her realize that she wanted to be a performer and she enjoyed singing for schoolmates and teachers at her Catholic school, but in second grade, she was rejected for the school choir because her vibrato was too strong. The music teacher told her that she sounded like a goat, at school, she was often sent out of the class because of her hyperactivity. She says she had also known as the belly dancer girl. Thats how I discovered my passion for live performance, she says, to instill gratitude in Shakira for her upbringing, her father took her to a local park to see orphans who lived there. The images stayed with her, and she said to herself, as noted below, she eventually did exactly that
19.
Quinta Vergara Amphitheater
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The Quinta Vergara Amphitheater is an open-air amphitheater within the Parque Quinta Vergara located in Viña del Mar, Chile. The amphitheater is the site of the Viña del Mar International Song Festival held yearly in February, the venue is owned by the Viña del Mar Municipality. After the success of the first Viña del Mar International Song Festival in 1960, in 2002 the Amphitheater was renovated by replacing the wooden shell structure with a concrete structure. This structure is the one that is currently standing, with this renovation, the capacity of the Amphitheater was upgraded from 15,000 to 20,000. List of contemporary amphitheaters Viña del Mar International Song Festival Viña del Mar, Chile History of the amphitheater
20.
Canal 13 (Chile)
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Canal 13, previously called Universidad Católica de Chile Televisión, also known as El 13, is the second oldest television station in Chile. It is owned by Luksic Group associated with the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and its inaugural transmission took place on August 21,1959. Major satellite and cable providers have noted growing demand for Canal 13 to be offered in Canada, the network also controls 5 channels in Chile, canal 13 is the most watched channel in 2012 on Chilean TV 13C Formerly called Canal 13 Cable. It offers different programming than from its parent station, with more cultural programming and more focused themes like business, kitchen, 13HD First HDTV channel in Chile and one of the first in Latin America, released in 2009 and available in DTV, and numerous cable TV systems. 13 Valparaíso TV station available only in Valparaíso Region and broadcast local news,13 Concepción TV station available only in Bío Bío Region and broadcast local news. The network have 4 radio stations, but are only in some places. Horizonte. cl is a station that focuses on Indie and Alternative Rock, purchased in 2012 by the network. Oasis FM radio station purchased bye the network, only available in Santiago, play FM is a radio station that focuses on music in English. It also airs Spanish language music but not as frequently and its frequency is 100.9 FM in Santiago. Sonar FM is a station that focuses on Rock and Hard rock music. Its frequency is 105.3 FM in Santiago and it was launched Wednesday July 29,2009, tele13 Radio is a news radio station which is part of the News Department of the channel. Its frequency in Santiago is 103.3 FM,13. cl Is the brand name and home for the Canal 13 online service. It is a network of websites including such high profile sites as Tele 13 and D13. Canal 13 has had an online presence supporting its TV and radio programmes since 1999, eventos 13 is the event focused division of the station, which offers special events services. Since 1961, the change to the frequency signal 13, since 1970, the logo has a thin curve with a T to reach the V and center the number 13. Above the figure said Catholic University of Chile, all framed within a framework that pretended to a television screen. In 1978, with the advent of color on Chile, the number 13 is changed to the initials UC, during the late 90s the logo was entirely virtual. This logo was the most distinctive and used by the channel and this change caused a major stir at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, as it involved a desligation of it, causing millions in losses for the channel, and the resignation of Jordan
21.
Mega (Chilean television channel)
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Mega is a Chilean private television network headquartered in Santiago. It currently airs on digital frequency channel 27 for HDTV, in 2012, ownership of Mega Channel was transferred from Claro Group to Bethia Group. Mega began broadcasting on 23 October 1990 and it was originally named Red Televisiva Megavisión before changing its name in 2001. It is the first private broadcaster in Chile
22.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
23.
Folk music
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
24.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
25.
Cumbia
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Cumbia is a dance-oriented music genre popular throughout Latin America. It began as a courtship dance practiced among the African population on the Caribbean coasts of Colombia and it later mixed with Amerindian and European instruments, steps and musical characteristics and spread throughout Latin America and abroad. By the 1940s Cumbia began spreading from the coast to other parts of Colombia alongside other costeña form of music, like porro, clarinetist Lucho Bermúdez helped bring cumbia into the countrys interior. The early spread of cumbia internationally was helped by the number of companies located on the coast. Today, the best representation of traditional Cumbia is shown every year on the Festival de la Cumbia in El Banco, as Colombias southern neighbor, Ecuador was among the first countries to adopt cumbia as a native genre. Ecuadorian cumbia initially drew heavily upon the Meztizo music of the Andes and gradually absorbed more Afro-Cuban instrumentation, nicaragua became a stronghold of Cumbia music during the 1950s and 1960s. The country has its own variation of music and dance. Cumbia first came to the U. S. from Colombia, another wave of enthusiasm for and knowledge of the music arrived with the Colombian immigrants fleeing the turmoil of the 1980s. Since then, cumbia music scenes have grown up and thrived in U. S. cities within the significant Latin American populations of Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Corpus Christi. Cumbia music has also caught on with musicians beyond the Latina Diaspora, resulting in fusions of cumbia with other such as Afrobeat, punk rock. Baila Cumbia villera Latin Grammy Award for Best Cumbia/Vallenato Album Tamborito Tecnocumbia Totó la Momposina Tropical music A Musical Journey Through Cumbia In a Nutshell, Cumbia Guide to cumbia
26.
Salsa music
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Salsa music is a popular dance music that initially arose in New York City during the 1960s. Salsa is the product of various genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, cha cha chá, mambo, and to a certain extent bolero. Latin jazz, which was developed in New York City, has had a significant influence on salsa arrangers, piano guajeos. Salsa is primarily Cuban son, itself a fusion of Spanish canción and guitar and Afro-Cuban percussion, Salsa also occasionally incorporates elements of rock, R&B, and funk. All of these elements are grafted onto the basic Cuban son montuno template when performed within the context of salsa. The first salsa bands were predominantly Cubans and Puerto Ricans who moved to New York since 1930’s, the music eventually spread throughout Colombia and the rest of the Americas. Ultimately, it became a global phenomenon, some of the founding salsa artists were Johnny Pacheco, Celia Cruz, Ray Barretto, Rubén Blades, Willie Colón, Larry Harlow, Roberto Roena, Bobby Valentín, Eddie Palmieri, and Héctor Lavoe. Salsa means sauce in the Spanish language, and carries connotations of the common in Latin. In the 20th century, salsa acquired a meaning in both English and Spanish. In this sense salsa has been described as a word with vivid associations, Cuban immigrants and Puerto Rican in New York have used the term analogously to swing or soul music. In this usage salsa connotes a frenzied, hot and wild musical experience that draws upon or reflects elements of Latin culture, various music writers and historians have traced the use of salsa to different periods of the 20th century. Max Salazar traces the word back to the early 1930s, when Ignacio Piñeiro composed Échale salsita, World music author Sue Steward claims salsa was originally used in music as a cry of appreciation for a particularly piquant or flashy solo. I was using salsa, but the music wasnt defined by that, the music was still defined as Latin music. And that was a very, very broad category, because it even includes mariachi music, so salsa defined this particular type of music. Its a name that everyone could pronounce, Sanabrias Latin New York magazine was an English language publication. Consequently, his promoted events were covered in The New York Times, as well as Time and they reported on this new phenomenon taking New York by storm—salsa. But promotion certainly wasnt the factor in the musics success, as Sanabria makes clear, Musicians were busy creating the music. Johnny Pacheco, the director and producer of Fania Records, molded New York salsa into a tight, polished
27.
Reggaeton
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Reggaeton is a musical genre which originated in Puerto Rico during the late 1990s. It is influenced by hip hop and Latin American and Caribbean music, vocals include rapping and singing, typically in Spanish. The word reggaeton was first used in 1995, when DJ Nelson listed it as a name for an upcoming album. Although there are several Spanish spellings, Fundéu BBVA recommends reguetón, often mistaken for reggae or reggae en español, reggaeton is a younger genre which originated in the clubs of San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1991. It became known as music, due to its circulation through informal networks. DJ Playero and DJ Nelson were inspired by hip hop and Latin American music to produce riddims, as Caribbean and African-American music gained momentum in Puerto Rico, reggae rap in Spanish marked the beginning of the Boricua underground and was a creative outlet for many young people. This created an inconspicuous-yet-prominent underground youth culture which sought to express itself, as a youth culture existing on the fringes of society and the law, it has often been criticized. Bootleg recordings and word of mouth became the means of distribution for this music until 1998. The genres popularity increased when it was discovered by international audiences during the early 2000s, the new genre, simply called underground, had explicit lyrics about drugs, violence, poverty, friendship, love and sex. These themes, depicting the troubles of inner-city life, can still be found in reggaeton, Underground music was recorded in marquesinas and distributed in the streets on cassettes. The marquesinas were crucial to the development of Puerto Ricos underground scene because of the fear of losing the ability to manipulate taste. Marquesinas were often in public housing such as Villa Kennedy. Despite being recorded in housing projects, most of the marquesinas were good quality, the availability and quality of the cassettes led to reggaetons popularity, which crossed socioeconomic barriers in the Puerto Rican music scene. The most popular cassettes in the early 1990s were DJ Negros The Noise I and II, gerardo Cruet spread the genre from the marginalized residential areas into other sectors of society, particularly private schools. By the mid-1990s, underground cassettes were being sold in music stores, the genre caught up to middle-class youth, and found its way into the media. By this time, Puerto Rico had several clubs dedicated to the scene, Club Rappers in Carolina. Bobby Digital Dixons Dem Bow production was played in clubs, Underground music was not originally intended to be club music. In South Florida, DJ Laz and Hugo Diaz of the Diaz Brothers were popularizing the genre from Palm Beach to Miami, Underground music in Puerto Rico was harshly criticized
28.
The Police
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The Police were an English new wave band formed in London in 1977. For most of their history the band consisted of Sting, Andy Summers and they are also considered one of the leaders of the Second British Invasion of the United States. They disbanded in 1986, but reunited in early 2007 for a world tour that ended in August 2008. Their 1978 debut album, Outlandos dAmour, reached No.6 in the UK and their second album Reggatta de Blanc became the first of five consecutive UK No.1 albums with its lead single, Message in a Bottle, their first UK number one. Their next two albums, Zenyatta Mondatta and Ghost in the Machine, saw further critical and commercial success and their final studio album, Synchronicity, was No.1 in both the UK and the US, selling over 8 million copies in the US alone. Every Breath You Take became their fifth UK number one single, the Police have sold over 75 million records, making them one of the worlds best-selling artists of all time. They were the worlds highest-earning musicians in 2008, thanks to their reunion tour, four of their five studio albums appeared on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. The Police were included among both Rolling Stones and VH1s lists of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, on 12 January 1977, Sting relocated to London and the very same day of his arrival, he sought out Copeland for a jam session. Curved Air had recently split up and Copeland, inspired by the then-current punk rock movement, was eager to form a new band and join the burgeoning London punk scene. While less keen, Sting acknowledged the commercial opportunities, so the duo formed the Police as a power trio with Corsican guitarist Henry Padovani recruited as the third member. After their debut concert on 1 March 1977 at Alexanders in Newport, Wales and their first single Fall Out, recorded at Pathway Studios in Islington, North London on 12 February 1977 with a budget of £150, was released in May 1977 by Illegal Records. Also in May 1977, former Gong musician Mike Howlett invited Sting to join him in the band project Strontium 90, the drummer Howlett had in mind, Chris Cutler, was unavailable to play, so Sting brought Copeland. The bands fourth member was guitarist Andy Summers from Lancashire in northwest England, a decade older than Sting and Copeland, Summers was a music industry veteran who had played with Eric Burdon and the Animals and Kevin Ayers among others. Strontium 90 performed at a Gong reunion concert in Paris on 28 May 1977, the band also recorded several demo tracks, these were released 20 years later in 1997 on the archive album Strontium 90, Police Academy. Summers musicality impressed Sting, who was becoming frustrated with Padovanis rudimentary abilities, shortly after the Strontium 90 gig, Sting approached Summers to join the band. He agreed, on the condition the band remain a trio, shortly after these two gigs, Summers delivered an ultimatum and Padovani was dismissed from the band. The Polices power trio line-up of Copeland, Sting, and Summers performed for the first time on 18 August 1977 at Rebeccas club in the English city of Birmingham in the West Midlands. A trio was unusual for the time, and this line-up endured for the rest of the bands history, few punk bands were three-pieces, while contemporary bands pursuing progressive rock, symphonic rock and other sound trends usually expanded their line-ups with support players
29.
Air Supply
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Air Supply is an Australian soft rock duo, consisting of singer-songwriter and guitarist Graham Russell and lead vocalist Russell Hitchcock. They had a succession of hits worldwide, including eight Top Ten hits in the United States and they formed in Australia in 1975 and have included various accompanying musicians and singers. The Australian Recording Industry Association inducted Air Supply into their Hall of Fame on 1 December 2013 at the annual ARIA Awards. Chrissie Hammond, Russell Hitchcock, and Graham Russell met in May 1975 while performing in the Australian production of the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice musical, Jesus Christ Superstar. With Hammond and Hitchcock on vocals and Russell on guitar, they formed a vocal group in Melbourne. Hammond left the group to form Cheetah and was replaced by Jeremy Paul on bass guitar. Together, Hitchcock, Russell and Paul formed Air Supply, the groups first single, Love and Other Bruises, was released in November 1976 and peaked at No.6 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in January 1977. It was followed by Air Supply, their album, in December. The album was produced by Peter Dawkins with Air Supply line-up as Hitchcock, Paul, Russell and drummer Jeff Browne, guitarist Mark McEntee and keyboardist, Other singles were If You Knew Me, Empty Pages and Feel the Breeze but none reached the Top 40. A national tour followed with Hitchcock, Paul, Russell and Scott joined by Nigel Macara on drums, the album spawned the singles Do What You Do, Thats How the Whole Thing Started and Do It Again but neither album nor singles charted into the Top 40. From late 1977, the group supported Rod Stewart during his tour of Australia—he invited them to continue to the United States, Paul, in 1980, recruited fellow former Air Supply bandmate McEntee in the line-up of Divinyls, fronted by Chrissie Amphlett. Air Supply performed in London supporting Chicago and Boz Scaggs, by early 1978, the line-up was Hitchcock, Russell, and Macara with George Terry and Joey Murcia on guitar, George Bitzer on keyboards and Harold Cowart on bass guitar. However, by mid-1978, only Hitchcock and Russell remained in the line-up, backed by Ralph Cooper on drums and former Sailor members Brian Hamilton on bass guitar and vocals and David Moyse on guitar. In April 1979, the band released Life Support, an album which included a picture disc on its first printing. The album was recorded at Trafalgar Studios in Sydney, the album had a five-and-a-half-minute version of Lost in Love, written by Graham Russell in 15 minutes, it was released as a single and peaked at No.13 in Australia and No.13 in New Zealand. The track caught the attention of Arista Records boss Clive Davis, in late November 1979 Russell was embroiled in a bitter court case with Samuel Nay over accusations of assault at a backstage meet and greet in Oklahoma. Nay would later pass away during the case and all charges were dropped. The line-up for the album kept Hitchcock, Russell, Cooper, and Moyse, Esler-Smith had previously known Hitchcock and Russell from working with them in Jesus Christ Superstar
30.
Eddie Money
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Eddie Money was born Edward Mahoney into a large Irish Catholic family in Brooklyn and raised in Plainedge on Long Island. His father, grandfather, and brother were members of the New York City Police Department, as his interest in music intensified, he eventually ended his law enforcement career in favor of becoming a full-time musician. He moved to Berkeley, California, and became a regular at city clubs, in the late 1970s, he charted with singles such as Baby Hold On and Two Tickets to Paradise. Money made a comeback in 1986 and returned to the rock spotlight with the album Cant Hold Back. The albums Ronnie Spector duet Take Me Home Tonight reached the Top 10, Money followed the album with another Top 10 hit, Walk on Water, but his Top 40 career ended following the #21 placement of Ill Get By in 1992. During the 1990s and 2000s, Money continued to release compilation albums plus with albums featuring new material. He joined a 12-step program in 2001 and has said of his addiction that he came to the realization that I didnt really need for my quick wit. Today, he tours regularly, often accompanied by other prominent rock acts from the 1970s and 1980s. He played himself in season 4, episode 23 of the sitcom, since 1992, Money has traditionally opened the summer concert season for DTE Energy Music Theatre in Clarkston, Michigan. In 2010, Money performed a medley of his hit singles during the performance at the Liberty Bowl. In 2012, he appeared in a GEICO insurance commercial, in which he owns a travel agency where he sings Two Tickets to Paradise to a family who wants tickets for a vacation, Money has been married to his wife Laurie since 1989. They have four sons and one daughter, Jesse Money, studio albums Eddie Money Life for the Taking Playing for Keeps No Control Wheres the Party. Cant Hold Back Nothing to Lose Right Here Love and Money Ready Eddie Wanna Go Back Official website Eddie Money at AllMusic Eddie Money at VH1 Eddie Money at Rolling Stone at the Wayback Machine
31.
Sheena Easton
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Sheena Shirley Easton is a Scottish singer, recording artist and stage and screen actress with dual UK-United States nationality. Eastons first two singles, Modern Girl and 9 to 5, both entered the UK Top Ten, and she was the first UK female artist to appear twice in the same Top Ten since Ruby Murray. She has recorded 16 studio albums, released 45 singles total worldwide, Top 40 singles, seven U. S. top tens and one U. S. No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 between 1981 and 1991. She also had 25 top 40 hits in international territories around the world, in Canada, Easton scored three gold and two platinum albums. She has sold over 20 million albums and singles worldwide, Eastons other hits include the James Bond theme For Your Eyes Only, Strut, U Got the Look and The Arms of Orion with Prince, The Lover in Me and What Comes Naturally. She has worked with prominent vocalists and producers, such as Prince, Christopher Neil, Kenny Rogers, David Foster, Luis Miguel, L. A. Reid & Babyface, Patrice Rushen and Nile Rodgers. Easton was born Sheena Shirley Orr in the Scottish town of Bellshill and she had two brothers, Robert and Alex, and three sisters, Marilyn, Anessa and Morag. Eastons father died in 1969 and her mother had to support the family, Easton did not consider a singing career until she saw the movie The Way We Were, with Barbra Streisand. Streisands singing over the opening credits overtook the young girl and convinced her that what she wanted most was to be a singer and she chose to study teaching rather than performing, because it was a course of study that would let her perfect her craft as a singer. In 1979, she married Sandi Easton, the first of her four husbands and they divorced after eight months, and Sheena decided to keep the surname Easton. That year, one of her tutors coaxed her into auditioning for Esther Rantzen, Rantzen was planning a documentary film to chronicle a relative unknowns rise to pop-music stardom. Easton was selected as the subject for the programme, where she met and sang with Dusty Springfield and Lulu, within a year of the programme airing, Sheena Easton proved Massey wrong as EMI executives awarded her a contract, and Christopher Neil was assigned as her recording producer. Deke Arlon became her first manager, and Easton spent much of 1980 being followed by camera crews and her first single, the disco-tinged soft-synth-pop tune, Modern Girl, was released in the UK before The Big Time aired, reached number 56 and was certified a Silver single. At the end of the show, Easton was still unsure of her future as a singer. The question was resolved soon after the show aired, when her single,9 to 5. Modern Girl re-entered the chart subsequently and climbed into the top 10, during 1980, Easton was voted Best British Female Singer by the Daily Mirror Pop & Rock Awards, Best Newcomer by Capital Radio, and Best Female Singer by the TV Times Readers Awards. Morning Train became Eastons first and only number 1 hit in the US, the song was nominated for an Academy Award and Golden Globe award in 1982 in the category Best Music. Eastons US success culminated in her winning the Grammy Award for Best New Artist of 1981, Eastons first three US albums, Sheena Easton, You Could Have Been With Me, and Madness, Money and Music, were all in the same soft rock/adult contemporary pop vein
32.
Andy Gibb
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Andrew Roy Andy Gibb was a British singer, songwriter, performer, and teen idol. He was the brother of the Bee Gees, Barry, Robin. Gibbs success was brief, as he battled drug addiction and depression, andrew Roy Gibb was born on 5 March 1958 in Manchester, England. He was the youngest of five children of Barbara and Hugh Gibb and his mother was of Irish and English descent and his father was of Scottish and Irish descent. He had four siblings, his sister Lesley, and three brothers, Barry and fraternal twins Robin and Maurice, at the age of six months, Gibb emigrated with his family to Queensland, Australia, settling on Cribb Island just north of Brisbane. After moving several times around Brisbane and Sydney, Andy returned to the United Kingdom in January 1967 as his three brothers began to gain international fame as the Bee Gees. In his childhood, his mother Barbara described Andy as A little devil, Id send him off to school but hed sneak off to the stable and sleep with his two horses all day. Hed wander back home around lunchtime smelling of horse manure, yet hed swear he had been at school, oh, he was a little monkey. In June 1974, Gibb formed his first group, Melody Fayre, the group was managed by Andys mother, Barbara, and had regular bookings on the small islands hotel circuit. Gibbs first recording, in August 1973, was a Maurice Gibb composition, My Father Was a Rebel, another track on the session performed by him was Windows of My World co-written by him with Maurice. At the urging of his brother Barry, Gibb returned to Australia in 1974, Barry believed that as Australia had been a good training ground for the Bee Gees it would also help his youngest brother. Lesley Gibb had remained in Australia, where she raised a family with her husband, both Alderson and Stringer followed Andy to Australia with the hope of forming a band there. With Col Joye producing, Andy, Alderson and Stringer recorded a number of Andys compositions, the first song was a demo called To a Girl, which he later performed on his television debut in Australia on The Ernie Sigley Show. Sigley later informed the audience that it was from Gibbs forthcoming album, in November the same year, he recorded six demos - again produced by Joye - including Words and Music, Westfield Mansions and Flowing Rivers. Andy would disappear for periods of time, leaving Alderson and Stringer out of work with no income, despondent, Alderson and Stringer returned to the UK. Gibb later joined the band Zenta, consisting of Gibb on vocals, Rick Alford on guitar, Paddy Lelliot on bass, Glen Greenhalgh on vocals, Zenta supported international artists Sweet and the Bay City Rollers on the Sydney leg of their Australian tours. Cant Stop Dancing was mooted for release, but didnt eventuate, Zenta would appear later as a backing band for Gibb, but did not participate on Gibbs recording sessions around 1975, which featured Australian jazz fusion group Crossfire. Words and Music was released on the ATA label only in Australia and New Zealand and it was his first single, the song, backed by another Andy Gibb composition Westfield Mansions
33.
Neil Sedaka
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Neil Sedaka is an American pop singer, pianist, composer and record producer. Sedaka was born in Brooklyn, New York and his father, Mac Sedaka, was a taxi driver and a Sephardi Jew of Turkish origin. Neils mother, Eleanor, was an Ashkenazi Jew of Polish/Russian origin, Neils grandparents came to the United States from Constantinople, then the capital of Ottoman Turkey, in 1910. He grew up in Brighton Beach, on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean, Sedaka is a cousin of the late singer Eydie Gormé. In 1947, he auditioned successfully for a scholarship to the Juilliard School of Musics Preparatory Division for Children. His mother wanted him to become a classical pianist like the contemporary of the day, Van Cliburn. When Sedaka was 13, a neighbor heard him playing and introduced him to her 16-year-old son, Howard Greenfield and they became two of the legendary Brill Buildings composers. Sedaka and Greenfield wrote songs together much of their young lives. When Sedaka became a teen pop star, the pair continued writing hits for Sedaka. When the Beatles and the British Invasion took American music in a different direction, in the early 1970s, he decided a major change in his life was necessary and moved his family to Britain. Sedaka and Greenfield mutually agreed to end their partnership with Our Last Song Together, Sedaka began a new composing partnership with lyricist Phil Cody, from Pleasantville, New York. After Sedaka returned to the United States, the Sedaka-Greenfield team eventually reunited and continued until Greenfields death in 1986, after graduating from Abraham Lincoln High School, Sedaka and some of his classmates formed a band called the Tokens. The band had minor hits with songs like While I Dream, I Love My Baby, Come Back, Joe. Eventually, after a few changes, in 1961, the Tokens hit No.1 on the Billboard pop charts with the international smash The Lion Sleeps Tonight. Meanwhile, the very young Sedakas first three singles, Laura Lee, Ring-a-Rockin, and Oh, Delilah. Failed to become hits, but they demonstrated his ability to perform as a solo singer, Francis was writing in her diary, Sedaka asked if he could read it, and Connie promptly replied with a no. After Little Anthony and the Imperials passed on the song, Sedaka recorded it himself, however, his next two singles did not fare so well. His second single, a novelty tune titled I Go Ape, just missed the Top 40, peaking at No.42, RCA Victor had lost money on I Go Ape and Crying My Heart Out For You and was ready to drop Sedaka from their label
34.
Gloria Gaynor
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Gloria Gaynor is an American singer, best known for the disco era hits I Will Survive, Never Can Say Goodbye, Let Me Know and I Am What I Am. Gloria Fowles was born in Newark, New Jersey, to Daniel Fowles and her grandmother lived nearby and was involved in her upbringing. There was always music in our house, Gaynor wrote in her autobiography and she enjoyed listening to the radio, and to records by Nat King Cole and Sarah Vaughan. Her father played the ukulele and guitar and sang professionally in nightclubs with a group called Step n Fetchit and her brothers sang gospel and formed a quartet with a friend. Gaynor was not allowed to sing with the group, nor was her younger brother, Arthur. Arthur later acted as a manager for Gaynor. The family was poor, but Gaynor recalls the house being filled with laughter and happiness. They moved to a project in 1960 and Gloria grew up as a tomboy. All through my young life I wanted to sing, although nobody in my family knew it, Gaynor was a singer with the Soul Satisfiers, a jazz/R&B music band, in the 1960s. She recorded Shell Be Sorry/Let Me Go Baby in 1966, for Johnny Nashs Jocida label and her first real success came in 1975 when she was signed to Columbia Records by Clive Davis. The fruit of that was the release of her album Never Can Say Goodbye on Columbia Records, the first side of the album consisted of three songs with no break between the songs. This 19-minute dance marathon proved to be popular, especially at dance clubs. All three songs were released as singles via radio edits and all of them became hits, the album was instrumental in introducing disco music to the public, Never Can Say Goodbye becoming the first song to top Billboard magazines dance chart. The Jackson 5 cover was successful on the mainstream Pop Charts as well, peaking at #9 and it also marked her first significant chart success internationally, making it into the Top 5 in Australia, Canada, Germany and the UK. The song would go on to be certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry, capitalizing on the success of her first album, she quickly released her second album, Experience Gloria Gaynor, later that same year. Many charted on the Hot 100 and R&B charts as well, with songs like Do It Yourself - a #1 disco hit - peaking at #98 on the Pop Charts and #24 on the R&B Charts. Her cover of How High The Moon topped the US Dance Charts, after her 1976 album, Ive Got You, she shifted from her hit production team, to work with other productions. Since then, Gloria Gaynor had recorded some 16 albums including one in England, One in Germany, in the next few years, Gaynor released the albums Glorious and Gloria Gaynors Park Avenue Sound, but would only enjoy a few more moderate hits
35.
Mr. Mister
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Mr. Mister was an American pop rock band most popular in the 1980s. The bands name came from a joke about a Weather Report album called Mr. Gone where they referred to each other as Mister This or Mister That. Mr. Mister may be considered as representative of the sound of 1980s pop rock. Mr. Mister was the successor to the band Pages, fronted by Page and George from 1978 to 1981, although formed in Phoenix, Arizona, Mr. Mister was based in Los Angeles. Richard Page had previously worked as a musician and had composed for Michael Jackson, Rick Springfield, Donna Summer, Kenny Loggins, Al Jarreau. In 1978, Page and his childhood friend Steve George founded the band Pages in Phoenix, Pages explored a pop fusion sound, with a changing lineup of session musicians. Although Pages had a hit single with I Do Believe in You. After disbanding Pages in 1981, Page and George focused on songwriting, by 1982, Page and George began putting together a more pop-oriented group with a permanent lineup, rounded out by drummer Pat Mastelotto and guitarist Steve Farris. All four members had done session work for other artists. Their second album, 1985s Welcome to the Real World—with lyrics from Pages cousin John Lang—was the breakthrough for Mr. Mister, all three singles were in the top 10, two of which hit No.1 on the U. S. pop charts—Kyrie and Broken Wings. The latter was inspired by the book of the title by Khalil Gibran. They had several No.1 MTV videos, and performed at the first MTV Spring Break show in 1986 and that year, Mr. Mister had two Grammy Award nominations, including Best Pop Band. During this time, Mr. Mister toured with popular acts including Don Henley, The Bangles, Eurythmics, Tina Turner, Heart. The bands third album was Go On. which was not a commercial success, during the 1980s, the group wrote and/or performed songs for several movies, including the title song for Stand and Deliver, and Is It Love as the outro track for Stakeout. The band also made appearances with the pop rock band The Bangles. Guitarist Steve Farris left in 1988, the remaining bandmembers teamed up with Christian recording artist Paul Clark and acted as his backup band for Clarks 1988 indie release Awakening from the Western Dream. Next, the band working on a fourth album, Pull, with session guitarists Buzz Feiten, Trevor Rabin, Doug Macaskill. The album was completed in 1990, but RCA Records decided not to release it, soon afterward, the band broke up
36.
Thomas Anders
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Thomas Anders is a German singer, composer, and record producer. Anders was the singer of Germanys popular pop-duo Modern Talking in 1983–1987. Anders was born in Koblenz, West Germany and he began showing interest in music as a child, he did his first stage-performance at age of 7. Anders first studied music at Koblenz Eichendorff-Gymnasium, and then he studied musicology for five semesters at Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Two days after the contest, Anders was offered a record contract by the same jury members of the radio contest. It was then that his career began when in 1980, at age of 17. Anders released several other singles produced by Daniel David including Du weinst um ihn, from late 1983 to the mid of 1984 Bohlen produced other tracks for Anders including Wovon träumst du denn, Endstation Sehnsucht and Es geht mir gut heut Nacht. The success, however, came when in late 1983, Anders and Bohlen formed the successful duo Modern Talking, in late 1987, Anders and Bohlen decided to terminate Modern Talking and go their separate ways due to constant quarrel between the two. Shortly after which Anders went on a tour, covering cities like Budapest, Ljubljana, Potsdam, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taipei, Moscow, Viña del Mar. Although Anders left Germany for the United States, in 1989, his first solo album, as the title of the album suggests, it was quite different from all of Modern Talkings materials. All of the songs had more pop style rather than dance like tunes, some of the tracks on the album were produced by Elton Johns producer Gus Dudgeon including the single Love of My Own. Anders also worked with a-has producer Alan Tarney, who produced three tracks on the album, Anders did produce three of the tracks himself along with Marc Cassandra including You Are My Life, One Thing and Close Your Eyes to Heaven. The first single Love of My Own released in the year is considered the most successful single of his solo career at that time. The album Different, however, failed to enter the German album chart, in 1992, Anders released his third album Down on Sunset, the singles How Deep Is Your Love and Standing Alone found some success both in Germany and Austria. Anders released his solo album When Will I See You Again in 1993. The first single When Will I See You Again featured the singers of the song. Also, in 1993, Anders experienced something new as he got a part in a Swedish movie Stockholm Marathon. He also co-wrote with Ralf Stemmann the title-song for that film Marathon of Life, in 1994, he came back with an album Barcos de Cristal, which he released in Spanish only for U. S. South America and Argentina, this album contained songs from albums of 1992 and 1993, Anders released one more album in 1995 called Souled, which he produced together with Peter Wolf, this album contained a duet featuring The Pointer Sisters Feel for the Physical
37.
Modern Talking
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Modern Talking was a German duo consisting of Thomas Anders and Dieter Bohlen. They have been referred to as Germanys most successful pop duo, some of their most popular and widely known singles are Youre My Heart, Youre My Soul, You Can Win If You Want, Cheri, Cheri Lady, Brother Louie, Atlantis Is Calling and Geronimos Cadillac. Modern Talking worked together from 1983 to 1987, when the split up. In 1997, they reunited and made a comeback, recording and releasing music from 1998 to 2003. The duo released singles which entered the top ten in Germany. Some of those singles were Youre My Heart, Youre My Soul 98, You Are Not Alone, the track was then followed by another number-one hit, You Can Win If You Want, which was released in the middle of 1985 from the debut album The 1st Album. The album was certified platinum in Germany for selling over 500,000 units, the single, being the only track released from their second album Lets Talk About Love, managed to push the album to a platinum status in Germany for sales of over 500,000. The success continued with two number one singles such as Brother Louie and Atlantis Is Calling both from the third album Ready for Romance. The duo also charted high with their sixth single Geronimos Cadillac from the fourth album In the Middle of Nowhere and Jet Airliner from their fifth album Romantic Warriors. During this era, Modern Talking were successful in Europe, Asia, South America, Middle East, particularly in Iran, in the United Kingdom, they entered the top five only once, with the song Brother Louie. They were almost unknown in North America, never appearing on the US charts and they released two albums each year between 1985 and 1987, while also promoting their singles on television all over Europe, eventually selling sixty-five million records within three years. Anders recorded five albums in English, Different, Whispers, Down on Sunset, When Will I See You Again and Souled. He was more successful in foreign countries than his own country, despite all the quarrels and disagreements that Bohlen and Anders experienced between themselves in the past, they began keeping in touch again after Anders moved back to Koblenz, Germany in 1994. In the beginning of 1998, the duo reunited and had their first performance together in March on the German TV show Wetten and they released a re-packaged version of their 1984 single Youre My Heart, Youre My Soul 98, which features Eric Singleton on the rap vocals. The duo won the award for Best Selling German Band at the World Music Awards that year, the follow-up album Alone also went straight to number one in Germany and was very successful elsewhere, the album managed to sell over one million units in Europe alone. Bohlen and Anders followed the 1980s Modern Talking pattern as they chose to release two singles from album, as in the past. A series of singles and four albums followed such as Year of the Dragon, America, Victory. The second break-up seemed to have been triggered mainly from the portrayal of Anders by Bohlen written in his autobiographical book published on 4 October 2003
38.
George Martin
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Sir George Henry Martin CBE was an English record producer, arranger, composer, conductor, audio engineer and musician. He was referred to as the Fifth Beatle, including by Paul McCartney, Martin produced 30 number-one hit singles in the United Kingdom and 23 number-one hits in the United States. Martin produced comedy and novelty records in the early 1950s, working with Peter Sellers, Spike Milligan and Bernard Cribbins and his career spanned more than six decades of work in music, film, television and live performance. He held a number of executive roles at media companies and contributed to a wide range of charitable causes, including his work for The Princes Trust. In recognition of his services to the industry and popular culture. Martin was born in Highbury, London, when he was six, Martins family acquired a piano that sparked his interest in music. As a child, he attended schools, including a convent school in Holloway, St Josephs School, and at St Ignatius College. When WWII broke out, and St. Ignatius College students were evacuated to Welwyn Garden City, his family left London, I remember well the very first time I heard a symphony orchestra. I was just in my teens when Sir Adrian Boult brought the BBC Symphony Orchestra to my school for a public concert. Hearing such glorious sounds I found it difficult to them with ninety men and women blowing into brass. Despite Martins continued interest in music, and fantasies about being the next Rachmaninov and he worked briefly as a quantity surveyor, and later for the War Office as a Temporary Clerk, which meant filing paperwork and making tea. In 1943, when he was 17, he joined the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy and became an aerial observer, the war ended before Martin was involved in any combat, and he left the service in 1947. Martins oboe teacher was Margaret Eliot, after that, Martin explained that he had just picked it up by himself. On 3 January 1948 – while still at the Academy – Martin married Sheena Chisholm and he later married Judy Lockhart-Smith on 24 June 1966, and they also had two children, Lucie and Giles Martin. Following his graduation, he worked for the BBCs classical music department, then joined EMI in 1950 as an assistant to Oscar Preuss, the head of EMIs Parlophone Records from 1950 to 1955. Although having been regarded by EMI as a vital German imprint in the past, after taking over Parlophone when Preuss retired in 1955, Martin recorded classical and Baroque music, original cast recordings, and regional music from around Britain and Ireland. Martin also produced numerous comedy and novelty records, later that decade Martin worked with Peter Sellers on two very popular comedy LPs. One was released on 10 format and called The Best Of Sellers, the album was Bridge on the River Wye
39.
Maurice Jarre
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But also experimenting with electronic sounds later in his career. Although he composed several works, Jarre is best known for his film scores. Jarre composed the scores to all of Leans films from Lawrence of Arabia on, notable scores for other directors include The Train, Mohammad, Messenger of God, Lion of the Desert, Witness and Ghost. Jarre was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and he also won four Golden Globes, two BAFTA Awards, and a Grammy Award. Jarre was born in Lyon, France, in 1924, the son of Gabrielle Renée and André Jarre and he first enrolled in the engineering school at the Sorbonne, but decided to pursue music courses instead. He left the Sorbonne against his fathers will and enrolled at the Conservatoire de Paris to study composition and harmony and he became director of the Théâtre National Populaire and recorded his first film score in France in 1951. In 1961 Jarres music career experienced a change when British film producer Sam Spiegel asked him to write the score for the 1962 epic Lawrence of Arabia. The acclaimed score won Jarre his first Academy Award and he would go on to compose the scores to all of Leans subsequent films and his score for David Leans Ryans Daughter, set in Ireland, completely eschews traditional Irish music styles, owing to Leans preferences. He contributed the music for Luchino Viscontis The Damned, and John Hustons The Man Who Would Be King and he was again nominated for an Academy Award for scoring The Message in 1976 for the director and producer Moustapha Akkad. He followed with Witness and Dead Poets Society, for which he won a British Academy Award. In the 1970s and 1980s, Jarre turned his hand to fiction, with scores for The Island at the Top of the World, Dreamscape, Enemy Mine. The balalaika features prominently in Jarres score for Doctor Zhivago, in 1990 Jarre was again nominated for an Academy Award scoring the supernatural love story/thriller Ghost. His music for the scene of the film is based on Unchained Melody composed by fellow film composer Alex North. Other films for which he provided the music include A Walk in the Clouds, for which he wrote the score and all of the songs, also to his credit is the passionate love theme from Fatal Attraction, and the moody electronic soundscapes of After Dark, My Sweet. Jarres television work includes the score for the miniseries Jesus of Nazareth, directed by Franco Zeffirelli, Shōgun, Jarre scored his last film in 2001, a television film about the Holocaust entitled Uprising. Jarre wrote mainly for orchestras, but began to favour synthesized music in the 1980s, Jarre pointed out that his electronic score for Witness was actually more laborious, time-consuming and expensive to produce than an orchestral score. Jarres electronic scores from the 80s also include Fatal Attraction, The Year of Living Dangerously, Firefox, a number of his scores from that era also feature electronic / acoustic blends, such as Gorillas in the Mist, Dead Poets Society, The Mosquito Coast and Jacobs Ladder. Jarre received three Academy Awards and received a total of nine nominations, eight for Best Original Score and he also won three Golden Globes and was nominated for ten
40.
Doctor Zhivago (film)
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Doctor Zhivago is a 1965 British-Italian epic romantic drama film directed by David Lean. It is set in Russia between the prior to World War I and the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922, and is based on the Boris Pasternak novel of the same name. While immensely popular in the West, the book was banned in the Soviet Union for decades, for this reason, the film could not be made in the Soviet Union and was instead filmed mostly in Spain. The film stars Omar Sharif in the role as Yuri Zhivago. The supporting cast includes Geraldine Chaplin, Rod Steiger, Alec Guinness, Tom Courtenay, Ralph Richardson, Siobhán McKenna, over time, however, the films reputation has improved greatly. It also won five awards at the 23rd Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture - Drama, as of 2016, it is the eighth highest-grossing film of all time in the United States and Canada, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. The film takes place mostly against a backdrop of the pre-World War I years, World War I itself, the Russian Revolution of 1917, Yevgraf believes a young woman, Tanya Komarova, may be his niece and tells her the story of her fathers life. When Yuri Zhivago is orphaned after his mothers death in rural Russia, he is taken in by his mothers friends, Alexander and Anna Gromeko, and grows up with their daughter Tonya in Moscow. In 1913, Zhivago, as a student in training. Lara, only 17, is involved in an affair with the older and well-connected Victor Ipolitovich Komarovsky, one night, the idealistic reformer Pavel Pavlovich Antipov drifts into left-wing extremism after being wounded by sabre-wielding Cossacks during a peaceful demonstration. Pasha runs to Lara, whom he wants to marry, to treat his wound and he asks her to hide a gun he picked up at the demonstration. Laras mother discovers her affair with Komarovsky and attempts suicide, Komarovsky summons help from his physician, Zhivagos former professor, whom he accompanies back to Laras home to treat her mother. When Komarovsky learns of Laras intentions to marry Pasha, he tries to dissuade Lara, in revenge, the humiliated Lara takes the pistol she has been hiding for Pasha and shoots Komarovsky at a Christmas Eve party, wounding him. Komarovsky insists no action be taken against Lara, who is escorted out by Pasha, although enraged and devastated by Laras affair with Komarovsky, Pasha marries Lara, and they have a daughter named Katya. During World War I, Yevgraf Zhivago is sent by the Bolsheviks to subvert the Imperial Russian Army, Pasha is reported missing in action following a daring charge attack on German forces. Lara enlists as a nurse to search for him, Yuri Zhivago is drafted and becomes a battlefield doctor. During the February Revolution in 1917, Zhivago enlists Laras help to tend to the wounded, together they run a field hospital for six months, during which time radical changes ensue throughout Russia as Vladimir Lenin arrives in Moscow. Before their departure, Yuri and Lara fall in love, but Yuri remains true to Tonya, after the war, Yuri returns to his wife Tonya, son Sasha, and Alexander, whose house in Moscow has been divided into tenements by the new Soviet government
41.
Lawrence of Arabia (film)
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Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence. It was directed by David Lean and produced by Sam Spiegel through his British company Horizon Pictures, with the screenplay by Robert Bolt, the film stars Peter OToole in the title role. It is widely considered one of the greatest and most influential films in the history of cinema, the dramatic score by Maurice Jarre and the Super Panavision 70 cinematography by Freddie Young are also highly acclaimed. It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama, the film depicts Lawrences experiences in the Arabian Peninsula during World War I, in particular his attacks on Aqaba and Damascus and his involvement in the Arab National Council. As well as OToole, the film stars Alec Guinness, Jack Hawkins, Anthony Quinn, Omar Sharif, Anthony Quayle, Claude Rains and Arthur Kennedy. In 1991, Lawrence of Arabia was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant, the film is presented in two parts, divided by an intermission. The film opens in 1935 when Lawrence is killed in a motorcycle accident, at his memorial service at St Pauls Cathedral, a reporter tries to gain insights into this remarkable, enigmatic man from those who knew him. The story then moves backward to the First World War, where Lawrence is a misfit British Army lieutenant, notable for his insolence and education. Over the objections of General Murray, Mr. Dryden of the Arab Bureau sends him to assess the prospects of Prince Faisal in his revolt against the Turks, on the journey, his Bedouin guide is killed by Sherif Ali for drinking from his well without permission. Lawrence later meets Colonel Brighton, who orders him to quiet, make his assessment. Lawrence ignores Brightons orders when he meets Faisal and his outspokenness piques the princes interest. The town is strongly fortified against an assault but only lightly defended on the landward side. He convinces Faisal to provide fifty men, led by a sceptical Sherif Ali, teenage orphans Daud and Farraj attach themselves to Lawrence as servants. They cross the Nefud Desert, considered even by the Bedouins, travelling day. One of Alis men, Gasim, succumbs to fatigue and falls off his camel unnoticed during the night, when Lawrence discovers him missing, he turns back and rescues Gasim—and Sherif Ali is won over. He gives Lawrence Arab robes to wear, Lawrence persuades Auda abu Tayi, the leader of the powerful local Howeitat tribe, to turn against the Turks. Lawrences scheme is almost derailed when one of Alis men kills one of Audas because of a blood feud, Howeitat retaliation would shatter the fragile alliance, so Lawrence declares that he will execute the murderer himself. He is then stunned to discover that the culprit is Gasim, the man whom he risked his own life to save in the desert
42.
Witness (1985 film)
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Witness is a 1985 American crime thriller film directed by Peter Weir and starring Harrison Ford and Kelly McGillis. The screenplay by William Kelley, Pamela Wallace, and Earl W. Wallace focuses on a detective protecting a young Amish boy who becomes a target after he witnesses a murder in Philadelphia. The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two, for Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Editing and it was also nominated for seven BAFTA Awards, winning one for Maurice Jarres score, and was also nominated for six Golden Globe Awards. In 1984, in a Pennsylvania countryside, an Amish community attends the funeral of Jacob Lapp, who leaves behind a widow Rachel, in her grief, she and Samuel travel by train to visit Rachels sister, which takes them into the city of Philadelphia. Samuel is amazed by the sights in the big city, detective John Book is assigned to the case and he and his partner, Sergeant Elton Carter, question Samuel. It turns out the victim was a police officer. Samuel is unable to identify the lone perpetrator whose face he saw in the bathroom from a number of mug shots or a police lineup. However, as Samuel walks around the station, he notices a newspaper clipping in a display case in which narcotics officer James McFee is honored for his exemplary service in the line of duty. Book sees Samuel point to the picture and quickly covers over his hand, John remembers that McFee was previously responsible for a drug raid on expensive chemicals used to make amphetamines, but the evidence had mysteriously disappeared. John confides his suspicions to his officer, Chief Paul Schaeffer. But John is later ambushed in a garage and badly wounded by McFee. Since only Schaeffer knew of Johns suspicions, John realizes Schaeffer must have tipped off McFee, John calls Carter and orders him to remove the Lapp file from the records. He then hides his car and uses his sisters car to return Rachel and Samuel to Lancaster County, while attempting to return to the city, John passes out in the vehicle in front of their farm. Rachel argues that taking John to a hospital would allow the police officers to find him while putting Samuel in danger. Her father-in-law Eli reluctantly agrees to him, despite his distrust for the gun-carrying outsider. John slowly recovers in their care, and begins to develop feelings for Rachel, the Lapps neighbor Daniel Hochleitner had hoped to court her, and this becomes a cause of friction. Later Rachel and John are caught dancing, and Eli takes her aside, Johns relationship with the Amish community grows as they learn he is skilled at carpentry. He is invited to participate in a barn raising for a married couple
Chile
Spain
Netherlands
Italy
Greece
Israel
Germany
Uruguay
Australia
Dominican Republic
Colombia
Argentina
France
Peru
Costa Rica
Canada
Iceland
Chile: 23 times (13 times in the International Contest + 9 when the Contest was only national)
Italy: 10 times
Spain: 6 times
Argentina: 5 times
Colombia: twice
Canada: twice
Germany: once
Australia: once
Costa Rica: once
France: once
Greece: once
Israel: once
Netherlands: once
Peru: once
Dominican Republic: once
Uruguay: once
Iceland: once
Panama
Panama: once
Cuba
Venezuela
Mexico
United States
Brazil
Romania