1.
London, Ontario
–
London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 383,822 according to the 2016 Canadian census, London is at the confluence of the Thames River, approximately halfway between Toronto, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan. The City of London is a municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County. London and the Thames were named in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe, the first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman. The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855, since then, London has grown to be the largest Southwestern Ontario municipality and Canadas 11th largest metropolitan area, having annexed many of the smaller communities that surrounded it. London is a centre of health care and education, being home to the University of Western Ontario, Fanshawe College. Londons university and hospitals are among its top ten employers, London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Windsor, and Sarnia. It also has an airport, train and bus station. Prior to European contact in the 18th century, the present site of London was occupied by several Neutral, Odawa, archaeological investigations in the region indicate that aboriginal people have resided in the area for at least the past 10,000 years. The current location of London was selected as the site of the capital of Upper Canada in 1793 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe. Simcoe intended to name the settlement Georgina, in honour of King George III, however, the choice of a capital site in the midst of extensive hardwood forests was rejected by Guy Carleton. In 1814, there was a skirmish during the War of 1812 in what is now southwest London at Reservoir Hill, the village of London, named after the English capital of London, was not founded until 1826, and not as the capital Simcoe envisioned. Rather, it was a seat for the area west of the actual capital. At the time, Crown and clergy reserves were receiving preference in the rest of Ontario, in 1832, the new settlement suffered an outbreak of cholera. London proved a centre of strong Tory support during the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, London was incorporated as a town in 1840. On 13 April 1845, fire destroyed much of London, which was at the time largely constructed of wooden buildings, one of the first casualties was the towns only fire engine. This fire burned nearly 30 acres of land destroying 150 buildings before burning itself out later the same day, one-fifth of London was destroyed and this was the provinces first million dollar fire. Sir John Carling, Tory MP for London, gave three events to explain the development of London in a 1901 speech
2.
Ontario
–
Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
3.
Southampton, New York
–
Southampton, officially the Town of Southampton, is a town located in southeastern Suffolk County, New York, partly on the South Fork of Long Island. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town had a population of 56,790. Southampton is included in the stretch of shoreline prominently known as The Hamptons, stony Brook Universitys Southampton campus is located here. The town was founded when settlers from Lynn, Massachusetts established residence on lands obtained from local Shinnecock Indian Nation in 1640, the first settlers included eight men, one woman, and a boy who came ashore at Conscience Point. These men were Thomas Halsey, Edward Howell, Edmond Farrington, Edmund Needham, Abraham Pierson the Elder, Thomas Sayre, Josiah Stanborough, George Welbe, Henry Walton, by July 7,1640, they had determined the town boundaries. During the next few years, Southampton was further increased in population by 43 families, the first meeting house was on a hill that is the site of the current Southampton Hospital. The oldest existent house in the town is the Halsey House at 249 Main Street, Southampton has 47 public and private cemeteries, not including Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, which is claimed as an Indian burial ground that is no longer in active use. Southampton is named after the city of Southampton in Hampshire. The Town of Southampton operates an official web site. The site shows the locations of over 100 points of interest, historic markers, the disputed property includes the Shinnecock Hills Golf Club, which Shinnecock say is the location of tribe burial grounds. The tribe has challenged the state approval of an 1859 sale of the 3500 acres of tribal land. This broke the terms of a 1, 000-year-lease signed by Southampton colonial officials, the suit charges that in 1859, a group of powerful New York investors conspired to break the lease by sending the state Legislature a fraudulent petition from a number of Shinnecock tribal members. Although other tribal members protested that the petition was a forgery. The current town supervisor is Jay Schneiderman, an Independence Party member who was elected in November 2015 with 56. 34% of the vote. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 295.6 square miles. The total area is 53. 02% water, the Town of Southampton contains 7 incorporated villages and 16 unincorporated areas, which are called hamlets in New York state. The population density was 394.0 people per square mile, there were 35,836 housing units at an average density of 258.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 87. 98% White,6. 62% Black or African American,0. 41% Native American,0. 89% Asian,0. 08% Pacific Islander,2. 28% from other races, and 1. 73% from two or more races
4.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
University of Toronto
–
The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queens Park. It was founded by charter in 1827 as Kings College. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed the present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution, as a collegiate university, it comprises twelve colleges, which differ in character and history, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs. It has two campuses in Scarborough and Mississauga. Academically, the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory, by a significant margin, it receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university. It is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States, the other being McGill University, the Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches, with long and storied ties to gridiron football and ice hockey. The universitys Hart House is an example of the North American student centre. The founding of a college had long been the desire of John Graves Simcoe. As an Oxford-educated military commander who had fought in the American Revolutionary War, the Upper Canada Executive Committee recommended in 1798 a college be established in York, the colonial capital. On March 15,1827, a charter was formally issued by King George IV, proclaiming from this time one College, with the style. For the education of youth in the principles of the Christian Religion, the granting of the charter was largely the result of intense lobbying by John Strachan, the influential Anglican Bishop of Toronto who took office as the colleges first president. The original three-storey Greek Revival school building was built on the present site of Queens Park, under Strachans stewardship, Kings College was a religious institution closely aligned with the Church of England and the British colonial elite, known as the Family Compact. Reformist politicians opposed the control over colonial institutions and fought to have the college secularized. Having anticipated this decision, the enraged Strachan had resigned a year earlier to open Trinity College as a private Anglican seminary, University College was created as the nondenominational teaching branch of the University of Toronto. Established in 1878, the School of Practical Science was precursor to the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, while the Faculty of Medicine opened in 1843, medical teaching was conducted by proprietary schools from 1853 until 1887, when the faculty absorbed the Toronto School of Medicine. Meanwhile, the university continued to set examinations and confer medical degrees, the university opened the Faculty of Law in 1887, followed by the Faculty of Dentistry in 1888, when the Royal College of Dental Surgeons became an affiliate. Women were first admitted to the university in 1884, over the next two decades, a collegiate system took shape as the university arranged federation with several ecclesiastical colleges, including Strachans Trinity College in 1904. The university operated the Royal Conservatory of Music from 1896 to 1991, the University of Toronto Press was founded in 1901 as Canadas first academic publishing house
6.
Actor
–
An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
7.
Singing
–
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
8.
Jesus
–
In Christology, the Person of Christ refers to the study of the human and divine natures of Jesus Christ as they co-exist within one person. There is no discussion in the New Testament regarding the dual nature of the Person of Christ as both divine and human. Hence, since the days of Christianity theologians have debated various approaches to the understanding of these natures. In the period following the Apostolic Age, specific beliefs such as Arianism and Docetism were criticized. On the other end of the spectrum, Docetism argued that Jesus physical body was an illusion, docetic teachings were attacked by St. Ignatius of Antioch and were eventually abandoned by proto-orthodox Christians. However, after the First Council of Nicaea in 325 the Logos, historically in the Alexandrian school of christology, Jesus Christ is the eternal Logos paradoxically humanized in history, a divine Person who became enfleshed, uniting himself to the human nature. The views of these schools can be summarized as follows, Alexandria, Antioch, Logos assumes a specific human being The First Council of Ephesus in 431 debated a number of views regarding the Person of Christ. At the same gathering the council debated the doctrines of monophysitism or miaphysitism. The council rejected Nestorianism and adopted the term hypostatic union, referring to divine, the language used in the 431 declaration was further refined at the 451 Council of Chalcedon. However, the Chalcedon creed was not accepted by all Christians, because Saint Augustine died in 430 he did not participate in the Council of Ephesus in 431 or Chalcedon in 451, but his ideas had some impact on both councils. On the other hand, the major theological figure of the Middle Ages. The Third Council of Constantinople in 680 held that both divine and human wills exist in Jesus, with the divine will having precedence, leading and guiding the human will. John Calvin maintained that there was no element in the Person of Christ which could be separated from the person of The Word. Calvin also emphasized the importance of the Work of Christ in any attempt at understanding the Person of Christ, the study of the Person of Christ continued into the 20th century, with modern theologians such as Karl Rahner and Hans von Balthasar. Balthasar argued that the union of the human and divine natures of Christ was achieved not by the absorption of human attributes, thus in his view the divine nature of Christ was not affected by the human attributes and remained forever divine
9.
Godspell (film)
–
Godspell is the 1973 film adaptation of the Off-Broadway musical Godspell created by John-Michael Tebelak with music and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz. Directed by David Greene with stars Victor Garber as Jesus and David Haskell as Judas/John the Baptist, John-Michael Tebelak is credited as co-writer of the screenplay and served as the creative consultant, although director David Greene said Tebelak did not write the screenplay. The structure of the musical is, in part, retained. Many of the scenes take advantage of sites around an empty. John the Baptist gathers a band of youthful disciples to follow. These disciples then proceed to form a roving acting troupe that enacts Jesuss parables through the streets of New York and they often make references to vaudeville shtick. While the play very little stage dressing, the film places emphasis on dramatic location shots in Manhattan. Vocally, the chorus is much in the same style. Notably, in All Good Gifts, whereas Lamar Alford had used a tenor voice, Merrell Jackson uses a lighter voice. Regarding the band, all four of the musicians from the stage production. These musicians were Steve Reinhardt on keyboards, Jesse Cutler on acoustic and lead guitar and bass, Richard LaBonte on rhythm guitar and bass, ruhlmann describes Schwartz as being better able to realize the scores pop tendencies than he had on the cast album. This was a complete version of the score, but it was much better performed and produced. The film was entered into the 1973 Cannes Film Festival, Godspell received generally positive reviews in 1973. Allmovie Guide currently gives the film a three out of five rating, various bands have covered songs from the film/musical. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2006, AFIs 100 Years
10.
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
–
Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1979 musical thriller with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. The musical is based on the 1973 play Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street by Christopher Bond, Lovett, who is in desperate need of fresh meat for her pies. Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980, in addition to several revivals the musical has been presented by opera companies. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical, the character of Sweeney Todd had its origins in serialized Victorian popular fiction, known as penny dreadfuls. A story called The String of Pearls was published in a magazine during the winter of 1846-47. Set in 1785, the featured as its principal villain a certain Sweeney Todd and included all the plot elements that were used by Sondheim. The psychopathic barber’s story proved instantly popular – it was turned into a play before the ending had even been revealed in print, an expanded edition appeared in 1850, an American version in 1852, a new play in 1865. By the 1870s, Sweeney Todd was a character to most Victorians. Sondheim’s musical was, in fact, based on Christopher Bond’s 1973 spooky melodrama, in Bonds reincarnation of the character, Todd was the victim of a ruthless judge who raped his young wife and exiled him to Australia. Sondheim first conceived of a version of the story in 1973. Bonds sophisticated plot and language significantly elevated the lurid nature of the tale, Sondheim once noted, “It had a weight to it. Because wrote certain characters in blank verse and he also infused into it plot elements from Jacobean tragedy and The Count of Monte Cristo. He was able to all these disparate elements that had been in existence rather dully for a hundred and some-odd years. I had a feeling it would be a new animal, the effect it had at Stratford East in London and the effect it had at the Uris Theater in New York are two entirely different effects, even though its the same play. It was essentially charming over there because they dont take Sweeney Todd seriously and our production was larger in scope. Hal Prince gave it a sense, a sense that this was a man of some size instead of just a nut case. The music helps to give it that dimension. ”Music proved to be a key element behind the impact of Sweeney Todd on audiences, over eighty percent of the production is set to music, either sung or orchestrated underneath dialogue. The score is one vast structure, each individual part meshing with others for the good of the musical machine
11.
John Wilkes Booth
–
John Wilkes Booth was an American actor and assassin, who murdered President Abraham Lincoln at Fords Theatre in Washington, D. C. on April 14,1865. Booth was a member of the prominent 19th-century Booth theatrical family from Maryland and and he was also a Confederate sympathizer, vehement in his denunciation of Lincoln, and strongly opposed to the abolition of slavery in the United States. Of the conspirators, only Booth was completely successful in carrying out his part of the plot and he shot Lincoln once in the back of the head, and the President died the next morning. Seward was severely wounded but recovered, and Vice-President Johnson was never attacked at all, following the assassination, Booth fled on horseback to southern Maryland, eventually making his way to a farm in rural northern Virginia 12 days later, where he was tracked down. Booths companion gave himself up, but Booth refused and was shot by Boston Corbett, eight other conspirators or suspects were tried and convicted, and four were hanged shortly thereafter. Booths parents were noted British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his mistress Mary Ann Holmes and they purchased a 150-acre farm near Bel Air, Maryland, where John Wilkes Booth was born in a four-room log house on May 10,1838, the ninth of ten children. He was named after English radical politician John Wilkes, a distant relative, Junius wife Adelaide Delannoy Booth was granted a divorce in 1851 on grounds of adultery, and Holmes legally wed Junius on May 10,1851, the youths 13th birthday. As a boy, Booth was athletic and popular, and he became skilled at horsemanship, each day he rode back and forth from farm to school, taking more interest in what happened along the way than in reaching his classes on time. At the Milton school, students recited classical works by authors as Cicero, Herodotus. Students at St. Timothys wore military uniforms and were subject to a regimen of daily formation drills, Booth left school at 14, after his fathers death. His sister recalled that Booth wrote down the palm-readers prediction, showed it to his family and others, Booth aspired to follow in the footsteps of his father and his actor brothers Edwin and Junius Brutus, Jr. He began practicing elocution daily in the woods around Tudor Hall, the editors introduction of the 1874 memoir of Booths sister Asia Booth Clarke states that no individual church was preeminent in the Booth household during her childhood. Booths mother was Episcopalian, and his father was described as a spirit who was open to the great teachings of all religions. On January 23,1853, the 14-year-old Booth was baptized at St. Timothys Protestant Episcopal Church, the Booth family had traditionally been Episcopalian. Clergyman Charles Chiniquy, however, stated that Booth was really a convert to Roman Catholicism later in life, historian Constance Head also declared that Booth was of this religion. Testimony given at the trial of John Surratt showed that at his death, Booth had a Catholic medal on his person, Court evidence showed his attending a Roman Catholic church service on at least two occasions. Like his sister Asia, he received education at a school established by an official of the Catholic Church, Constance Head states, In any case, it seems certain that Booth did not publicize his conversion during his lifetime. Booth made his debut at age 17 on August 14,1855 in the supporting role of the Earl of Richmond in Richard III at Baltimores Charles Street Theatre
12.
Assassins (musical)
–
Assassins is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by John Weidman, based on an idea by Charles Gilbert, Jr. It uses the premise of a carnival game to produce a revue-style portrayal of men and women who attempted to assassinate Presidents of the United States. The music varies to reflect the music of the eras depicted. The musical first opened Off-Broadway in 1990, and the 2004 Broadway production won five Tony Awards, as a panelist at producer Stuart Ostrows Musical Theater Lab, Sondheim read a script by playwright Charles Gilbert, Jr. Sondheim asked Gilbert for permission to use his idea. Gilbert consented and offered to write the book, but Sondheim declined, Weidman had written the book for Pacific Overtures and would work with Sondheim again on Road Show. Assassins opened Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on December 18,1990, directed by Jerry Zaks the cast included Victor Garber, Terrence Mann, Patrick Cassidy, Debra Monk, Greg Germann, and Annie Golden. According to the Los Angeles Times, The show has sold out since previews began. Frank Rich in his New York Times review wrote Assassins will have to fire with sharper aim and fewer blanks if it is to shoot to kill. On October 29,1992, Assassins opened in London at the Donmar Warehouse with direction by Sam Mendes, the show ran for 76 performances, closing on January 9,1993. The first US regional production was mounted by the San Jose Civic Light Opera in San Jose and this was the world premiere of the 13-piece orchestration by Michael Starobin. Next was the New Line Theatre in St. Louis, Missouri in 1994, roundabout Theater Companys Broadway production was originally scheduled for 2001 but was postponed to April 22,2004, because the content was sensitive in light of the events of September 11,2001. After 101 performances at Studio 54, Assassins closed on July 18,2004, Michael Cerveris played John Wilkes Booth, for which he received a Tony Award. The 2004 production was noted for a coup de théâtre, the Zapruder film of the death of John F. Kennedy projected onto Lee Harvey Oswalds T-shirt by projection designer Elaine J. McCarthy, on 3 December 2012, the Broadway cast reunited for a special benefit. The Los Angeles premiere opened in 1994 at the Los Angeles Theatre Center and included Patrick Cassidy playing Booth, a 2010 production in Toronto by BirdLand Theatre and Talk is Free Theatre won the Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding Production in the Musical Theatre Division. The Union Theatre, London, produced Assassins in July 2010 and it was staged and directed by Michael Strassen. It attained Show of the Week and Critics choice in Time Out, Assassins is being included in the 2017 season of Encores. The three versions were not identical, as roles were combined, and the song Something Just Broke was new to the London production, in 1991, Theatre Communications Group published the libretto, which did not feature Something Just Broke. The current licensed version of the musical reflects the 2004 Broadway revival, although the script does not combine The Balladeer and Oswald into a single role, many productions have followed the revival in doing so
13.
Jack Bristow
–
Jonathan Jack Donahue Bristow, played by Victor Garber, is Sydney Bristows father on the television series Alias. com Fans Choice Awards. Jack Bristow, an agent of the CIA and former double officer with SD-6, is often emotionally distant. However, his characters defining trait is his devotion to the safety of his daughter and he is highly protective of her and is willing to do anything - torture, kill, even betray his country - to ensure her well-being. His relationship with his daughter has always been problematic, although it warmed and matured as the show unfolded, according to background information provided in the official Alias magazine, Jack Bristow is originally from Canada. A screenshot in a season episode showed a laptop referring to his birth in London. Jacks grandchild Isabelle was also born in Canada, on a mission in Vancouver and she took the name Laura Bristow and built a cover as an English literature professor. Once the FBI started to investigate against Irina, she faked her death in a car accident. Jack, suspected of being complicit in Irinas espionage, was detained and placed in solitary confinement and he named Arvin and Emily Sloane as Sydneys guardians. Jack and Arvin became friends after they got to know each other in the early seventies, when Jack was finally cleared, he began drinking heavily and became more of an absentee father, leaving Sydney to be raised by nannies. About ten years later, Jack was recruited into SD-6 by Sloane when the Alliance of Twelve was founded and he was also Director of Operations at SD-6, and many in the Alliance believed he was a logical choice to take Sloanes place. When Sydney was in college, Arvin Sloane had her recruited into SD-6 without Jacks knowledge, Jack reacted negatively to Sydneys telling him that she had gotten a job at Credit Dauphine, the front company for SD-6. However, Jacks reaction made Sydney more determined to be a part of the CIA. Jack later revealed to Sydney that he had recognized her potential, several years later when Sydney herself becomes a double agent for the real CIA, she discovers that her father has long been in the same position and they learn to work together to bring down SD-6. Jack often used his position as Sloanes chief of operations to structure missions to the CIAs advantage. When Irina Derevko makes her reappearance in Season 2, Jack must also deal with his feelings of love and bitterness towards her while continuing to perform his job at SD-6. With SD-6s destruction, Jack found himself able to grow closer to his daughter. Sydney learns in season 2 that Jack subjected her to Project Christmas, during Season 3, Jack acts as a far more supportive father-figure to Sydney, in response to her depression and emotional isolation during that season. At the start of Season 4, Sydney learns that Jack killed Irina, by the second half of the season, this rift has begun to heal
14.
Alias (TV series)
–
Alias is an American action television series created by J. J. Abrams, that was broadcast on ABC for five seasons, from September 30,2001, to May 22,2006. It stars Jennifer Garner as Sydney Bristow, a double-agent for the Central Intelligence Agency posing as an operative for SD-6, a worldwide criminal and espionage organization. The main theme of the series explores Sydneys obligation to conceal her true career from her friends and family and these themes are most prevalent in the first two seasons of the show. A major plotline of the series is the search for and recovery of artifacts created by Milo Rambaldi and this plot and some technologies used in the series place Alias into the genre of science fiction. The series was received among critics and has been included in several best of lists. Alias was in the American Film Institutes top ten list for television programs in 2003, the show also received numerous awards and nominations. Alias featured an ensemble cast portraying the people in Sydneys life. During the course of the series, every main character involved in the world of espionage in some form or another. Sydney Bristow is a student in English in Los Angeles. She moonlights as an operative for SD-6, which she believed was a black ops division of the CIA. Her fiancé was murdered in the episode, and she then learned SD-6 is actually a branch of an international criminal organization known as the Alliance of Twelve. She then becomes an agent for the real CIA. She would later become a member of APO, a division of the CIA. Sydney has 41 confirmed kills through the series, Arvin Sloane was the head of SD-6 and APO, the shows main antagonist. Originally a loyal CIA officer, he is obsessed with the work of a 15th-century prophet – Milo Rambaldi, though sometimes showing a genuine affection to the Bristows, hes always ready to hurt them and even kill them, and vice versa. Michael Vaughn was Sydneys CIA handler and later partner and he and Sydney share a mutual attraction, which eventually leads to a relationship. At the end of Season 4, it is revealed that it was not a coincidence that he met Sydney. Despite departing in season 5 as a regular, Michael Vartans character was still credited as a main cast member in the first episode then special guest star in the latter part of the season
15.
Lend Me a Tenor
–
Lend Me a Tenor is a comedy by Ken Ludwig. The play was produced on both the West End and Broadway and it received nine Tony Award nominations and won for Best Actor and Best Director. A Broadway revival opened in 2010, lend Me a Tenor has been translated into sixteen languages and produced in twenty-five countries. The play takes place in 1934, in a suite in Cleveland. The two-room set has a room with a sofa and chairs at right. A center stage wall divides the two rooms, with a door leading from one room to the other, Merelli is coming to Cleveland to sing the lead role in a performance of Giuseppe Verdis Otello. Its the biggest event in the Cleveland Operas history, a sellout crowd and the members of the Cleveland Opera Guild will be at the opera house that evening to see the great Merelli. Saunders harried assistant, Max, is also in the hotel suite, Saunders has charged Max with seeing to Merellis needs, and with getting Merelli to the opera house in time for the performance. Also there is Maggie Saunders, Henrys daughter and Maxs sometime-girlfriend, Maggie is a fan of Tito Merelli, and hopes to meet him. Tito finally arrives at the suite, accompanied by his hot-tempered Italian wife, Maria. When she finds Maggie hiding in the closet, trying to get Titos autograph. Maria writes Tito a Dear John letter, and leaves the hotel, in the sitting room, Max gives Tito a tranquilizer-laced drink, trying to calm him down before the performance. When he learns that Max is an opera singer, Tito kindly gives Max a singing lesson, teaching him to loosen up. Tito and Max sing a duet together, when Tito returns to the bedroom, he finds Marias note. Horrified that his wife has left him, Tito goes into a fit of passion, Max manages to calm Tito down, and takes the singer into the bedroom, where Tito lies down on the bed for a rest. Much later, Max is unable to wake Tito from his nap, Max finds an empty medicine bottle and Marias Dear John letter, which is written in such a way that Max mistakenly thinks Tito has committed suicide. When Saunders arrives, Max tearfully tells him that Tito is dead, the opera performance will have to be cancelled, and the audience will demand their money back. It will be a disaster for the Cleveland opera, and for Saunders himself, however, Saunders comes up with a plan
16.
Thomas Andrews
–
Thomas Andrews, Jr. was an Irish businessman and shipbuilder. He was managing director and head of the department of the shipbuilding company Harland and Wolff in Belfast. Thomas Andrews was born at Ardara House, Comber, County Down, in Ireland, Hon. Thomas Andrews, a member of the Privy Council of Ireland, and Eliza Pirrie. Andrews was a Presbyterian of Scottish descent, and like his brother and his siblings included John Miller Andrews, the future Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, and Sir James Andrews, the future Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland. Thomas Andrews lived with his family in Ardara, Comber, at Harland and Wolff, he began with three months in the joiners shop, followed by a month in the cabinetmakers and then a further two months working on the ships. The last eighteen months of his apprenticeship were spent in the drawing office. In 1901, Andrews, after working his way up through the departments of the company. That same year, he became a member of the Institution of Naval Architects. In 1907, Andrews was appointed the director and head of the drafting department at Harland. During his long years of apprenticeship, study, and work, Andrews had become well liked in the company, on 24 June 1908, he married Helen Reilly Barbour, daughter of textile industrialist John Doherty Barbour and sister to Rt Hon Sir John Milne Barbour- known as Milne. Their daughter, Elizabeth Law Barber Andrews, was born on 27 November 1910, the couple lived at Dunallan,20 Windsor Avenue, Belfast. It is known that Andrews took Helen to view the RMS Titanic one night, after Thomass death, Helen remarried, she died 22 August 1966 in Northern Ireland and is buried in the Barbour family mausoleum at Lambeg. In 1907, Andrews began to oversee the plans for a new superliner, the Olympic and its sister ship the Titanic, which began construction in 1909, were designed by William Pirrie and general manager Alexander Carlisle along with Andrews. As he had done for the ships he had overseen, Andrews familiarised himself with every detail of the Olympic and Titanic. Andrewss suggestions that the ship have 46 lifeboats as well as a double hull, Andrews headed a group of Harland and Wolff workers who went on the maiden voyages of the ships built by the company, to observe ship operations and spot any necessary improvements. The Titanic was no exception, so Andrews and the rest of his Harland, during the voyage, Andrews took notes on various improvements he felt were needed, primarily cosmetic changes to various facilities. However, on 14 April, Andrews remarked to a friend that Titanic was as perfect as human brains can make her. On 14 April at 11,40 PM, the Titanic struck an iceberg on the starboard side
17.
James Cameron
–
James Francis Jim Cameron is a Canadian filmmaker, director, producer, screenwriter, inventor, engineer, philanthropist, and deep-sea explorer. He first found success with the science fiction action film The Terminator. He then became a popular Hollywood director and was hired to write and direct Aliens and he found further critical acclaim for his use of special effects in Terminator 2, Judgment Day. After his film True Lies Cameron took on his biggest film at the time, Titanic, despite Avatar being his only movie made to date in 3D, Cameron is the most successful 3D film-maker in terms of box-office revenue. In the time between making Titanic and Avatar, Cameron spent several years creating many documentary films and co-developed the digital 3D Fusion Camera System, described by a biographer as part scientist and part artist, Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies. On March 26,2012, Cameron reached the bottom of the Mariana Trench and he is the first person to do this in a solo descent, and is only the third person to do so ever. In total, Camerons directorial efforts have grossed approximately US$2 billion in North America, not adjusted for inflation, Camerons Titanic and Avatar are the two highest-grossing films of all time at $2.19 billion and $2.78 billion respectively. Cameron also holds the achievement of having directed two of the three films in history to gross over $2 billion worldwide, in March 2011, he was named Hollywoods top earner by Vanity Fair, with estimated 2010 earnings of $257 million. Cameron was born in 1954 in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada, the son of Shirley, an artist and nurse, and Phillip Cameron and his paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder, Scotland, in 1825. Cameron grew up in Chippawa, Ontario, and attended Stamford Collegiate School in Niagara Falls and his family moved to Brea, California in 1971, when Cameron was 17 years old. He dropped out of Sonora High School, then attended Brea Olinda High School to further his secondary education, Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College, a two-year community college, in 1973 to study physics. He switched to English, then dropped out before the start of the fall 1974 semester, next, he worked several jobs, including as a truck driver, writing when he had time. That way I could sit down and read it, and if theyd let me photocopy it, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry after seeing Star Wars in 1977. When Cameron read Syd Fields book Screenplay, it occurred to him that science and art was possible. They raised money, rented camera, lenses, film stock and they dismantled the camera to understand how to operate it and spent the first half-day of the shoot trying to figure out how to get it running. He was the director, writer, producer, and production designer for Xenogenesis and he then became a production assistant on a film called Rock and Roll High School, though uncredited, in 1979. While continuing to educate himself in film-making techniques, Cameron started working as a miniature-model maker at Roger Corman Studios, making rapidly produced, low-budget productions taught Cameron to work efficiently and effectively. He soon found employment as an art director in the sci-fi movie Battle Beyond the Stars and he did special effects work design and direction on John Carpenters Escape from New York, acted as production designer on Galaxy of Terror, and consulted on the design of Android
18.
Titanic (1997 film)
–
Titanic is a 1997 American epic romance-disaster film directed, written, co-produced, and co-edited by James Cameron. Camerons inspiration for the film came from his fascination with shipwrecks, production began in 1995, when Cameron shot footage of the actual Titanic wreck. The modern scenes on the vessel were shot on board the Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. Scale models, computer-generated imagery, and a reconstruction of the Titanic built at Playas de Rosarito in Baja California were used to re-create the sinking, the film was partially funded by Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox. It was the most expensive film made at time, with an estimated budget of $200 million. Upon its release on December 19,1997, Titanic achieved critical and commercial success, with an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Camerons 2009 film Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4,2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide and it became the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide. In 2015, Titanic Live, an orchestra version of the film. In 1996, treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team aboard the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh search the wreck of RMS Titanic for a necklace with a rare diamond, the Heart of the Ocean. They recover a safe containing a drawing of a woman wearing only the necklace dated April 14,1912. Rose Dawson Calvert, the woman in the drawing, is brought aboard Keldysh, in 1912 Southampton, 17-year-old first-class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater, her fiancé Cal Hockley, and her mother Ruth board the luxurious Titanic. Ruth emphasizes that Roses marriage will resolve their familys financial problems, distraught over the engagement, Rose considers suicide by jumping from the stern, Jack Dawson, a penniless artist, intervenes and discourages her. Discovered with Jack, Rose tells a concerned Cal that she was peering over the edge, when Cal becomes indifferent, she suggests to him that Jack deserves a reward. He invites Jack to dine with them in first class the following night, Jack and Rose develop a tentative friendship, despite Cal and Ruth being wary of him. Following dinner, Rose secretly joins Jack at a party in third class, aware of Cal and Ruths disapproval, Rose rebuffs Jacks advances, but realizes she prefers him over Cal. After rendezvousing on the bow at sunset, Rose takes Jack to her room, at her request, Jack sketches Rose posing nude wearing Cals engagement present. They evade Cals bodyguard and have sex in an automobile inside the cargo hold, on the forward deck, they witness a collision with an iceberg and overhear the officers and designer discussing its seriousness
19.
Kenneth D. Taylor
–
Before the escape, the six Americans spent several weeks hiding in the homes of Taylor and another Canadian diplomat, John Sheardown. Taylor is portrayed by Gordon Pinsent in the Canadian 1981 television film, Escape from Iran, the later 2012 American film, Argo, focuses more on the CIA and Hollywoods role, with Taylor played by Canadian actor Victor Garber. Taylor was born in Calgary, Alberta and he completed his BA at Victoria College of the University of Toronto and his MBA at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a brother of the Sigma Chi fraternity and was honoured with its highest award. Iranian students invaded the United States embassy in Tehran on November 4,1979, during the riot, six Americans managed to escape. They hid for four days before reaching the Canadian embassy, where they met Taylor, on January 20,1981, the 52 American hostages were released by Iran into US custody, having spent 444 days in captivity. Taylor would play a role in providing intelligence on the hostage crisis to Canadian and American intelligence agencies. Reportedly, he helped scout out landing sites for the abortive Delta Force rescue attempt, a made-for-TV movie of the events, Escape from Iran, The Canadian Caper, was produced in 1981. In 2012, Ben Affleck produced and starred in a movie titled Argo, which is based on the book The Master of Disguise by Tony Mendez, a CIA agent involved in the incident. Affleck noted, Because we say its based on a true story, however, Affleck did respond by changing the postscript text to read, “The involvement of the CIA complemented efforts of the Canadian embassy to free the six held in Tehran. To this day the story stands as an model of international co-operation between governments. ”Historical news footage discussing Canadas role in the rescue was also added near the end of the film. Taylor himself said that the film was fun, its thrilling, its pertinent, its timely, the CIA was a junior partner. After returning from Iran, Taylor was appointed Canadian Consul-General to New York City and he returned to the University of Toronto for several years as the Chancellor of Victoria College. Taylor left the service in 1984 and served as Senior Vice-President of Nabisco from 1984 to 1989. He was the founder and chairman of public consulting firm Taylor, Taylor moved to the United States and lived in New York City until his death at the age of 81 on October 15,2015. Taylor died at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital, where he had treated over the past several months for Stage 4 colon cancer. Taylors funeral service was held at Timothy Eaton Memorial Church in Toronto on October 27, ^ a. Taylor did not present credentials because of the Canadian governments decision to change residency and accreditation from Iran to Kuwait, with the opening of a Canadian Embassy in Kuwait. Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada Complete List of Posts
20.
Argo (2012 film)
–
Argo is a 2012 American historical drama film directed by Ben Affleck. The screenplay by Chris Terrio is adapted from U. S, the film stars Affleck as Mendez with Bryan Cranston, Alan Arkin and John Goodman in supporting roles, and was released in the United States on October 12,2012. The film was produced by Grant Heslov, Affleck and George Clooney, upon release, Argo received widespread acclaim, with praise directed towards the acting, Afflecks direction, Terrios screenplay, the editing and Desplats score. The film received seven nominations at the 85th Academy Awards and won three, for Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Film Editing. The film also earned five Golden Globe Award nominations, winning Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Director, while being nominated for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture for Alan Arkin. It won Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture at the 19th Screen Actors Guild Awards and it also won Best Film, Best Editing and Best Director at the 66th British Academy Film Awards and 37th Hochi Film Award for Best International Picture. On November 4,1979, Iranian activists storm the United States embassy in Tehran in retaliation for President Jimmy Carter giving the Shah asylum in the U. S. during the Iranian Revolution. 60 of the staff are taken as hostages, but six avoid capture. With the escapees situation kept secret, the U. S. State Department begins to explore options for exfiltrating them from Iran, central Intelligence Agency exfiltration specialist, is brought in for consultation. He criticizes the proposals, but is at a loss when asked for an alternative, Mendez contacts John Chambers, a Hollywood make-up artist who had previously crafted disguises for the CIA. Chambers puts Mendez in touch with film producer Lester Siegel, meanwhile, the escapees grow frantic inside the ambassadors residence. The revolutionaries reassemble embassy photographs shredded before the takeover and learn that some personnel have escaped, posing as a producer for Argo, Mendez enters Iran under the fake name Kevin Harkins and links up with the six escapees. He provides them with Canadian passports and fake identities to prepare them to get through security at the airport, although afraid to trust Mendezs scheme, they reluctantly go along with it, knowing that he is risking his own life too. A scouting visit to the bazaar to maintain their cover story takes a bad turn, Mendez is told that the operation has been cancelled to avoid conflicting with a planned military rescue of the hostages. He pushes ahead, forcing his boss Jack ODonnell to hastily re-obtain authorization for the mission to get tickets on a Swissair flight, the group boards the plane, which takes off just as the Revolutionary Guards at the airport uncover the ruse and try to stop them. To protect the remaining in Tehran from retaliation, all U. S. involvement in the rescue is suppressed and full credit is given to the Canadian government. The ambassadors Iranian housekeeper, who had known about the Americans and lied to the revolutionaries to protect them, escaped to Iraq. Mendez is awarded the Intelligence Star, but due to the classified nature
21.
Legends of Tomorrow
–
The series, based on the characters of DC Comics, airs on The CW and premiered on January 21,2016. The show is a spin-off from Arrow and The Flash, existing in the fictional universe. On March 11,2016, The CW renewed the series for a second season, on January 8,2017, The CW renewed the show for a third season. When Vandal Savage murders his family, Time Master Rip Hunter goes rogue and they discover that the Time Masters are backing Savage in his domination of the world in 2166 to facilitate a successful repulsion of a Thanagarian invasion. Due to Snarts sacrifice, the Time Masters are destroyed, Savage attempts to rewrite history with a temporal explosion, but is killed by the team when he is rendered mortal by the same meteor he used for his scheme. With Savage dead, Kendra and Carter leave the team, following the demise of the Time Masters, Rip decides to take their place guarding history with Ray, Sara, Stein, Jax and Mick. However, they are warned by Rex Tyler / Hourman that they die in 1942 New York City. They ignore the warning, landing Mick in stasis and themselves scattered through time, historian Nate Heywood / Steel, aided by Oliver Queen, finds Mick and rescues all but Rip, who remained lost for a short period of time, until found and rescued by his teammates. During their mission to protect the timeline, the team meets the Justice Society of America, when Tyler is murdered by Eobard Thawne / Reverse-Flash, Amaya Jiwe / Vixen joins the Legends to find Tylers killer. However, Reverse-Flash is gaining allies throughout time, including Damien Darhk, Malcolm Merlyn and Leonard Snart himself, following the Legions defeat, both Amaya and Nate decide to remain on the team. However, a departing Rip realizes that the team does not need him anymore, leaves the team, due to their interference with their future selves, the Legends crash-land in a version of Los Angeles that has futuristic buildings and dinosaurs. Victor Garber as Martin Stein / Firestorm, A nuclear physicist focused on transmutation who is half of the character Firestorm with Jefferson Jackson. Graeme McComb portrays a young Stein in the 1970s and 1980s, the character was first introduced on The Flash. Brandon Routh as Ray Palmer / Atom, A scientist, inventor, businessman, the character was first introduced on Arrow. Arthur Darvill as Rip Hunter, A roguish time traveler and leader of the team and his goal is to defeat Vandal Savage in order to save the world and his family. He and Savage are archenemies throughout the timeline, aiden Longworth portrays a young Rip Hunter. In the second season, Rip disappears and gives command of the Waverider to the Legends. He later returns, first as a student in the 60s who has no recollection of his past life, then as a brainwashed killer working for the Legion
22.
Firestorm (comics)
–
Firestorm is the name of several fictional superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Ronnie Raymond and Martin Stein debuted as the first incarnation in Firestorm, Ronnie Raymond debuted in Firestorm the Nuclear Man vol.2 No. 100, and was created by John Ostrander and Tom Mandrake, Jason Rusch debuted in Firestorm vol.3 No. 1, and was created by Dan Jolley and Chris Cross, the first Firestorm series was short-lived, canceled abruptly in a company-wide cutback with #5 the last to be distributed, and #6 included in Cancelled Comic Cavalcade. Writer Conway added Firestorm to the roster of Justice League of America and this led to a series of 8-page stories in the back of The Flash, and a revival of a monthly Firestorm comic in 1982. The Fury of Firestorm lasted from 1982 until 1990, another Firestorm series began in 2004 with a new character, Jason Rusch, in the role after Ronnie Raymond was killed off in the pages of Identity Crisis. Rusch was poorly received and his book canceled after 30 issues, yet another Firestorm title was launched in 2011. Starring both Ronnie and his successor, Jason Rusch, it was one of the New 52 titles launched in the wake of DCs Flashpoint crossover event. The series, The Fury of Firestorm, The Nuclear Men, was written by Gail Simone and Ethan Van Sciver. Joe Harris replaced Simone starting in Issue 7, while co-writer Van Sciver also provided the art for Issues 7 and 8 before Yildiray returned, veteran writer/artist Dan Jurgens took over the series with issue #13 in 2012, until the series end with issue #20 in 2013. In 2016, Firestorm was one of the features in the Legends of Tomorrow miniseries, the original Firestorm was distinguished by his integrated dual identity. High school student Ronnie Raymond and Nobel Prize-winning physicist Martin Stein were caught in an accident that allowed them to fuse into the nuclear man Firestorm. Banter between the two was a hallmark of their adventures, after the accident, Firestorm took to defending New York City from such threats as Multiplex and Killer Frost. The 1982 series began with the teenaged Raymond adjusting to his newfound role, a second nuclear hero, Firehawk, was added as a love interest for Firestorm in 1984. Upon graduation from school, Raymond entered college in Pittsburgh. Afterward, together they searched for a cure for their bond, when Conway left the series in 1986, John Ostrander began writing the Firestorm stories. Ostrander sought to make Firestorm more relevant to the world and a good deal grittier, after tussles with the Justice League and most of his enemies, Firestorm faced off against the Russian nuclear superhero Pozhar in the Nevada desert, where they had an atomic bomb dropped on them. The Firestorm with Arkadin proved to be a phase, as in 1989
23.
The Flash (2014 TV series)
–
The Flash is an American television series developed by Greg Berlanti, Andrew Kreisberg and Geoff Johns, airing on The CW. It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash and it is a spin-off from Arrow, existing in the same fictional universe. Colleen Atwood, costume designer for Arrow, was brought in to design the Flashs suit, the creative team wanted to make sure that the Flash would resemble his comic book counterpart, and not simply be a poor imitation. The series is filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Flash premiered in North America on October 7,2014 and it has been well received by critics and audiences, and won the Peoples Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama in 2014. The series was renewed for a season in March 2016. The series, together with Arrow, has spun out to their own show, Legends of Tomorrow. On January 8,2017, The CW renewed the show for a fourth season, after witnessing his mothers supernatural murder and his fathers wrongful conviction for the crime, Barry Allen is taken in by Detective Joe West and his family. Allen becomes a brilliant but socially awkward crime scene investigator for the Central City Police Department, Allen is struck by lightning from the storm and doused with chemicals in his lab. Awakening after a coma, he discovers he has the ability to move at superhuman speeds. Dr. Allen vows to use his gifts to protect Central City from the violence of metahuman. As the Flash, a superhero, Allen accumulates a number of recurring enemies known as the Rogues. He is aided by a few friends and associates who guard his secrets. Six months after the events of the first season, after a singularity event, however, the event brings an evil from a parallel universe to Central City in the form of the speedster Zoom who seeks to eliminate everyone connected to the Speed Force throughout the multiverse. Harrison Wells parallel universe counterpart, and his daughter Jesse, work to help Barry, after Zoom kills Barrys father, the season concludes with Barry travelling back in time to save his mothers life from the Reverse-Flash. By changing his past, Barry drastically alters the entire timeline, after Harry and Jesse return to Earth-2, the gang recruit another Wells doppelgänger from Earth-19, although H. R. Wells aspires to be a novelist and not a scientific genius, labs scientist Caitlin Snow begin to manifest metahuman abilities as a result of Barrys Flashpoint excursion. Wally suits up as Barrys speedster partner, Kid Flash, while Caitlin is forced to suppress her powers for fear of becoming evil like her Earth-2 counterpart, Grant Gustin as Barry Allen / Flash, A Central City assistant police forensic investigator
24.
Vixen (web series)
–
Vixen is an American animated web series from executive producers Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim and Andrew Kreisberg, which debuted on August 25,2015, on The CWs online streaming platform, CW Seed. It is based on the DC Comics character Mari McCabe / Vixen, the series is set in the Arrowverse, the same fictional universe as Arrow, The Flash, and Legends of Tomorrow. In January 2016, the series was renewed for a second season, kimberly Brooks voices a young Mari. In total, the six episodes encompass one 30-minute story, the series, described as an origin story, is set in Detroit, Michigan and prominently features characters from Arrow and The Flash. Keto Shimizu and Brian Ford Sullivan, writers on Arrow, also serve as writers for Vixen, on adding Vixen to the established universe, Guggenheim said, Vixens such a great character. First of all, she represents magic, which is an area that we havent explored on either of the two shows just yet, One thing were always saying is, Flash is very different from Arrow, Arrow is very different from Flash. If Arrow is crime and The Flash is science, Vixen has a big magic component. Guggenheim also talked about why the series originated as animation, saying, so theres a much larger production value. Were taking advantage of the animated form, at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International, it was revealed that the series would debut on August 25,2015, with new episodes debuting weekly. We knew, of course, at point that Oliver would be going off to the League of Assassins and changing his costume as a result. Blake Neely, composer of Arrow and The Flash, composed the music for Vixen along with Nathaniel Blume, in January 2016, CW President Mark Pedowitz announced that The CW had renewed Vixen for a second season of six episodes, again totaling about a half-hour of content. Pedowitz also stated he regretted not airing the series as a half-hour special on The CW. In January 2017, in terms of renewing Vixen for a season, Pedowitz said, We havent had that discussion. In February 2017, Warner Bros. announced Vixen, The Movie for release on digital download on May 8,2017, the release sees the first two seasons combined into a single story, with 15 minutes of never-before-seen content. Bonus features on the release include the Justice League Unlimited episodes Hunters Moon and Grudge Match, iGNs Jesse Schedeen gave the series a 7. 3/10, praising the action sequences, the animation and the tone, saying the series finds its niche in the Flash/Arrow-verse. This is especially apparent whenever the characters launch into witty banter with each other, club gave the series a B+ rating. Guggenheim stated that if the series was successful, a series centered on the character could be possible. Echikunwoke appeared as the character on Arrow during the fourth-season episode Taken, in which Mari aided Oliver Queen and it was originally intended for Echikunwoke to reprise her role in the second season of Legends of Tomorrow, but she was unable to do so due to previous commitments
25.
Russian-Jewish
–
Jews in the Russian Empire have historically constituted a large religious diaspora, the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. The presence of Jewish people in the European part of Russia can be traced to the 7th–14th centuries CE, in the 11th and 12th centuries, the Jewish population in Kiev, in present-day Ukraine, was restricted to a separate quarter. Evidence of the presence of Jewish people in Muscovite Russia is first documented in the chronicles of 1471, during the reign of Catherine II in the 18th century, Jewish people were restricted to the Pale of Settlement within Russia, the territory where they could live or immigrate to. Beginning in the 1880s, waves of pogroms swept across different regions of the empire for several decades. More than two million Jews fled Russia between 1880 and 1920, mostly to the United States, before 1917 there were 300,000 Zionists in Russia, while the main Jewish socialist organization, the Bund, had 33,000 members. Only 958 Jews had joined the Bolshevik Party before 1917, thousands joined after the Revolution, the chaotic years of World War I, the February and October Revolutions, and the Russian Civil War had created social disruption that led to anti-Semitism. Some 150,000 Jews were killed in the pogroms of 1918–1922,125,000 of them in Ukraine,25,000 in Belarus and these were probably the largest-scale European massacres of Jews to date. The pogroms were perpetrated by anti-communist forces, sometimes, Red Army units engaged in pogroms as well. After a short period of confusion, the Soviets started executing guilty individuals, the Russian Civil War pogroms shocked world Jewry and rallied many Jews to the Red Army and the Soviet regime, and also strengthened the desire for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people. In August 1919 the Soviet government arrested many rabbis, seized Jewish properties, including synagogues, the Jewish section of the Communist Party labeled the use of the Hebrew language reactionary and elitist and the teaching of Hebrew was banned. Zionists were persecuted harshly, with Jewish communists leading the attacks, following the civil war, however, the new Bolshevik governments policies produced a flourishing of secular Jewish culture in Belarus and western Ukraine in the 1920s. At the beginning of the 1930s, the Jews were 1.8 percent of the Soviet population, in 1934 the Soviet state established the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the Russian Far East, but the region never came to have a majority Jewish population. Today, the JAO is Russias only autonomous oblast and, aside of Israel, the observance of the Sabbath was banned in 1929, foreshadowing the dissolution of the Communist Partys Yiddish-language Yevsektsia in 1930 and worse repression to come. Numerous Jews were victimized in Stalins purges as counterrevolutionaries and reactionary nationalists, the share of Jews in the Soviet ruling elite declined during the 1930s, but was still more than double their proportion in the general Soviet population. According to Israeli historian Benjamin Pinkus, We can say that the Jews in the Soviet Union took over the privileged position, in the 1930s, many Jews held high rank in the Red Army High Command, Generals Iona Yakir, Yan Gamarnik, Yakov Smushkevich and Grigori Shtern. During World War Two, an estimated 500,000 soldiers in the Red Army were Jewish, about 160,000 were decorated, and more than a hundred achieved the rank of Red Army general. Over 150 were designated Heroes of the Soviet Union, the highest award in the country, more than two million Soviet Jews are believed to have died during the Holocaust in warfare and in Nazi-occupied territories. For many years during this period, Russia had a rate of immigration to Israel than any other country
26.
Hart House (University of Toronto)
–
Hart House is a student activity centre at the University of Toronto. Established in 1919, it is one of the earliest North American student centres, Hart House was initiated and financed by Vincent Massey, an alumnus and benefactor of the university, and was named in honour of his grandfather, Hart Massey. Hart House is organized into standing committees composed of students and faculty, and is governed by a similarly composed board of stewards, the overall design acquires a high degree of stylistic unity through the calm, monumental impression it creates. There are several contributing factors, the placed on masses rather than silhouettes, the horizontal lines. As an undergraduate, Vincent Massey read history and English at Victoria University in the University of Toronto, when construction began in 1911, the trustees of the Massey estate had budgeted a significant amount of $300,000 for the project. Working without a plan, Massey and his architect continued to adopt new ideas. By the time of completion in 1919, the cost of the building had soared to $2 million, Hart house was built during the Gothic Revival era. Originally, Gothic architecture was associated with Cathedrals, the Gothic cathedral was built at a large scale. When the Gothic style had first gained its momentum in England and France and this decoration depicted biblical events through images so that even the illiterate could dwell in the ideals of religion. The building is made up of corridors and are flanked by rooms, high ceilings. The attention to detail demonstrates importance and the high ceilings demonstrate authority. Dim lighting makes Hart house the perfect place to study and ultimately one to become a better member of society. Masseys donation stipulated that the building was to be used only by men, beginning in the 1950s, this restriction created much controversy as women demanded admission. Massey stood by his original conditions, however, after his death the Stewards and administrators of Hart House had Masseys deed of gift altered to allow women to become members. Since 1972, women have been able to participate in the Houses activities. It is evident that the exterior of the building was sculpted in the mind of Henry Sproatt. Hart House is large in comparison to the buildings surrounding it such as Wycliffe College, in keeping with the Gothic form, the building is presented as larger in height than in width, which gives it an even more predominant sense of grandeur to those standing at its base. A variety of details can also be found in the interior of Hart House
27.
Folk music
–
Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century, but is applied to music older than that. Some types of music are also called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways, as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers and it has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. Starting in the century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times and this type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, electric folk, and others. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two, a consistent definition of traditional folk music is elusive. The terms folk music, folk song, and folk dance are comparatively recent expressions and they are extensions of the term folklore, which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes. Traditional folk music also includes most indigenous music, however, despite the assembly of an enormous body of work over some two centuries, there is still no certain definition of what folk music is. Some do not even agree that the term Folk Music should be used, Folk music may tend to have certain characteristics but it cannot clearly be differentiated in purely musical terms. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers, the fashioning and re-fashioning of the music by the community that give it its folk character. Such definitions depend upon processes rather than abstract musical types, one widely used definition is simply Folk music is what the people sing. For Scholes, as well as for Cecil Sharp and Béla Bartók, Folk music was already. seen as the authentic expression of a way of life now past or about to disappear, particularly in a community uninfluenced by art music and by commercial and printed song. In these terms folk music may be seen as part of a schema comprising four types, primitive or tribal, elite or art, folk. Music in this genre is often called traditional music. Although the term is only descriptive, in some cases people use it as the name of a genre
28.
The Ed Sullivan Show
–
The Ed Sullivan Show is an American TV variety show that ran on CBS from Sunday June 20,1948, to Sunday June 6,1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie, in 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked #15 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the series finished No.31 in TV Guide Magazines 60 Best Series of All Time, the format was essentially the same as vaudeville, and although vaudeville had died a generation earlier, Sullivan presented many ex-vaudevillians on his show. The last original Sullivan show telecast was on March 28,1971, with guests Melanie, Joanna Simon, Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass, repeats were scheduled through June 6,1971. While most of the episodes aired live from New York City, the show aired live on occasion from other nations, such as the United Kingdom, Australia. For many years, Ed Sullivan was an event each Sunday evening. In those days, we had six acts. Then, each of our acts would do a leisurely ten minutes or so, Now they do two or three minutes. And in those early days I talked too much, I look up at me talking away and I say You fool. But I just keep on talking, Ive learned how to keep my mouth shut. The show enjoyed phenomenal popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s and he was regarded as a kingmaker, and performers considered an appearance on his program as a guarantee of stardom, although this sometimes did not turn out to be the case. The shows iconic status is illustrated by the song Hymn for a Sunday Evening from the 1960 musical Bye Bye Birdie, in the song, a family of viewers expresses their regard for the program in worshipful tones. In September 1965, CBS started televising the program in compatible color, CBS had once backed its own color system, developed by Peter Goldmark, and resisted using RCAs compatible process until 1954. At that time, it built its first New York City color TV studio, Studio 72, in a former RKO movie theater at 2248 Broadway. One Ed Sullivan Show was broadcast on August 22,1954, from the new studio, CBS Studio 72 was demolished in 1986 and replaced by an apartment house. CBS Studio 50 was finally colorized in 1965, the 1965–66 season premiere starred the Beatles in an episode airing on September 12, which was the last episode to air in black and white. In the late 1960s, Sullivan remarked that his program was waning as the decade went on and he realized that to keep viewers, the best and brightest in entertainment had to be seen, or else the viewers were going to keep on changing the channel. Along with declining viewership, Ed Sullivan attracted a higher age for the average viewer as the seasons went on
29.
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
–
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson is a talk show hosted by Johnny Carson under The Tonight Show franchise from October 1,1962 through May 22,1992. In 2002, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson was ranked No.12 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, particularly during the early years of Carsons tenure, his guests included politicians such as former U. S. Vice President Richard M. Nixon, former U. S. Attorney General Robert F. Psychologist Joyce Brothers was also one of Carsons most frequent guests. Carson strongly disliked prop comedy and generally refused to have such comics on his show, gallagher first appeared on The Tonight Show Dec.5,1975, when he demonstrated his prop, The Tonight Show Home Game, and Carson noted that it was his first appearance. Gallagher again appeared on May 9,1979, a show hosted by Carson, mort Sahl recalled, The producer crouches just off camera and holds up a card that says, Go to commercial. So Carson goes to a commercial and the team rushes up to his desk to discuss what had gone wrong. Actor Robert Blake once compared being interviewed by Carson to facing the death squad or Broadway on opening night, the publicity value of appearing on Tonight was so great, however, that most guests were willing to subject themselves to the risk. The shows announcer and Carsons sidekick was Ed McMahon, who from the very first show would introduce Carson with a drawn-out Heeeeeeeeeres Johnny. The catchphrase was heard nightly for 30 years, and ranked top of the TV Land poll of U. S. McMahon, who held the same role in Carsons ABC game show Who Do You Trust. For five years previously, would remain standing to the side as Carson did his monologue, laughing at his jokes, the two would usually interact in a comic spot for a short while before the first guest was introduced. McMahon stated in a 1978 profile of Carson in The New Yorker that the ‘Tonight Show’ is my staple diet, my meat and potatoes—I’m realistic enough to know that everything else stems from that. After a 1965 incident in which he ruined Carsons joke on the air McMahon was careful to, as he said and he wrote in his 1998 autobiography, My role on the show never was strictly defined. I did what had to be done when it had to be done, I was there when he needed me, and when he didnt I moved down the couch and kept quiet. I did the audience warm-up, I did commercials, for a brief period I co-hosted the first fifteen minutes of the show, and I performed in many sketches. On our thirteenth-anniversary show Johnny and I were talking at his desk and he said and he paused long enough for me to recognize my cue, so I asked, How long is it. Thats why youre here, he said, probably summing up my primary role on the show perfectly. I had to him, I had to help him get to the punch line. Many nights Id be listening to Johnny and in my mind Id reach the same ad lib just as he said it, Id have to bite my tongue not to say it out loud
30.
Godspell
–
Godspell is a musical, composed by Stephen Schwartz with the spoken parts by John-Michael Tebelak. Several cast albums have been released over the years and one of its songs, Day by Day from the original cast album, the structure of the musical is that of a series of parables, mostly based on the Gospel of Matthew. The parables are interspersed with a variety of music set primarily to lyrics from traditional hymns. It started as a project performed by students at Carnegie Mellon University. It was then re-scored for a production which became a long-running success. A junior one-act version with songs and monologues removed has also been made under the title Godspell Junior. The show originated in 1970 as Tebelaks masters thesis project, under the direction of Lawrence Carra, at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, a version was performed at Carnegie Mellon in 1970, with several of the cast members from the CMU Music Department. Tebelak then directed the show, with much of the student cast, for a two-week, ten performance run at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, New York City, opening February 24,1971. It was brought to the attention of producers Edgar Lansbury, Joseph Beruh, and Stuart Duncan by Carnegie alumnus Charles Haid, the producers hired Stephen Schwartz, another alumnus of Carnegie Mellons theater department, to write a new song score. Schwartzs songs incorporated a variety of styles, from pop to folk rock, gospel. One song, By My Side, written by CMU students Jay Hamburger, as with the original score, most of the non-Schwartz lyrics were from the Episcopal Hymnal. The original cast defined the personalities of each character as the show was developed, most of the characters names are simply the first name of the actor, so the characters are more easily identified by the song they sing. The only two named roles are Jesus, and John the Baptist, who doubles in the show as Judas Iscariot. The stage version applies the following names and traits to the group of characters who act out the parables and sing, Gilmer, Herb, Jeffrey, Joanne, Lamar, Peggy. All ten actors are on stage throughout the show, the show begins with Gods Voice, spoken by Jesus, declaring his supremacy, My name is Known, God and King. I am most in majesty, in whom no beginning may be, the company then enters and takes the role of various philosophers throughout the ages. They sing fragments of their philosophies, first as solos. In response to these philosophers, John the Baptist enters blowing a shofar to call the community to order and he then beckons them to Prepare Ye, The Way of the Lord
31.
Noises Off
–
Noises Off is a 1982 play by the English playwright Michael Frayn. The idea for it came in 1970, when Frayn was watching from the wings a performance of The Two of Us and he said, It was funnier from behind than in front, and I thought that one day I must write a farce from behind. The prototype, a short-lived one-act play called Exits, was written, at the request of his associate, Michael Codron, Frayn expanded this into what would become Noises Off. It takes its title from the stage direction indicating sounds coming from offstage. Lloyd Dallas, The director of a play-within-the-play, Nothing On, involved with both Brooke and Poppy. Dotty Otley, A middle-aged television star who is not only the top-billed star, garry Lejeune, The plays leading man, a solid actor who is completely incapable of finishing a sentence unless it is dialogue. Constantly stutters and ends sentences with you know, dating Dotty and prone to jealousy. Brooke Ashton, A young, inexperienced actress from London and she pays no attention to others, either in performance or backstage, and persists in her role as scripted regardless of any interruption or mayhem. She is always losing her contact lenses, which she is blind without, part of the Lloyd–Poppy–Brooke love triangle. Frederick Fellowes, Has a serious fear of violence and blood, well-meaning, but lacks confidence and is rather dim-witted. Belinda Blair, Cheerful and sensible, an actress and the companys defacto peacemaker. Something of a gossip, and a bit two-faced, has a rather protective attitude towards Freddie. Selsdon Mowbray, An elderly, half-deaf pro with a long, storied career, if he is not in sight while rehearsing, the stage crew must find him before he finds anything alcoholic. Poppy Norton-Taylor, Assistant Stage Manager and understudy to the female roles, part of the Lloyd-Poppy-Brooke love triangle and, by act two, pregnant with Lloyds baby. Tim Allgood, The over-worked and easily flustered Stage Manager, who must understudy, fix the set, mrs. Clackett, The cockney housekeeper for the Brents home. A hospitable, though slow-witted and slow-moving, chatterbox, Roger Tramplemain, An estate agent looking to let Flavias and Philips house. Vicki, A girl Roger is attempting to seduce, philip Brent, Lives out of the country with his wife Flavia to avoid paying taxes and is on a secret visit. She is dependable, though not one for household duties, burglar, An old man in his seventies, breaking into the Brents house
32.
Broadway theatre
–
Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
33.
Deathtrap (play)
–
Deathtrap is a play written by Ira Levin in 1978 with many plot twists and which references itself as a play within a play. It is in two acts with one set and five characters and it holds the record for the longest running comedy-thriller on Broadway and was also nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. Deathtrap was well received by many and has been frequently revived and it was adapted into a film starring Christopher Reeve, Michael Caine, and Dyan Cannon in 1982. Act I, Scene 1 Sidney Bruhl, a successful playwright, has had a series of box office flops and is having trouble writing. Sidney mimics reading a play that he tells his wife, Myra, he has received from a student of his, Sidney asserts that the students play is a certain hit. Interspersed with reassurances that he is kidding, he frightens Myra with suggestions that he may kill Clifford in order to steal the script. Sidney telephones Clifford to invite him over to give him suggestions on improving the play, Cliffords play is, like the actual play itself, entitled Deathtrap, and is also a one set, five character thriller. Scene 2 Sidney arrives back at his den, having picked up Clifford at the train station, after socializing briefly, Sidney determines that there are no other carbon copies or xeroxes of the play in existence and escalates the sense that he may kill Clifford. To the horror of his wife, Myra, Sidney appears to choke the man to death. Helga wanders around the house revealing visions that appear to be partially correct. As Sidney and Myra are about to go to bed, Clifford, covered in mud, snatches Sidney from behind, Myra, shocked and terrified, collapses and dies, victim of a heart attack. Clifford confirms Myras death and exclaims to Sidney that their plan has been successful, Cliffords murder had been staged to shock, act II, Scene 1 Two weeks have elapsed, Clifford is working on his manuscript but Sidney continues to suffer from writers block. Porter Milgrim, Sidneys attorney, throws suspicions on Clifford by alerting Sidney that he has seen Clifford locking his manuscript into his desk drawer, Sidney surreptitiously reads Cliffords manuscript and discovers that Clifford is writing a play called Deathtrap based directly on the plot to cause Myras heart attack. Sidney confronts Clifford, who threatens to out and write the play regardless of whether Sidney wants him to or not. Sidney agrees to help Clifford write his play, Scene 2 Helga comes again to warn Sidney that Clifford is going to attack him. Sidney tells Clifford that he has completed work on the second act, by trying out these bits, Sidney believes that he is laying the groundwork to make his intended murder of Clifford look like self-defense. Clifford, however, is several steps ahead of Sidney and he has put blanks in Sidneys gun and now forces Sidney to handcuff himself to a chair. Sidneys attempt to kill Clifford has given Clifford the plot details he needs to complete his play, the handcuffs prove to be fake, and Sidney escapes and shoots Clifford with a crossbow
34.
Damn Yankees
–
Damn Yankees is a musical comedy with a book by George Abbott and Douglass Wallop, music and lyrics by Richard Adler and Jerry Ross. The story is a retelling of the Faust legend set during the 1950s in Washington. It is based on Wallops novel The Year the Yankees Lost the Pennant, the show ran for 1,019 performances in its original 1955 Broadway production. Adler and Rosss success with it and The Pajama Game seemed to point to a future for them. The producers Frederick Brisson, Robert E. Griffith and Harold S, prince had decided that the lead actress for the part of Lola had to be a dancer. They offered the role to both the movie actress Mitzi Gaynor and ballet dancer Zizi Jeanmaire, each of whom turned down the role, although Gwen Verdon had sung just one song in her previous show, the producers were willing to take a chance on her. She initially refused, preferring to assist another choreographer, but finally agreed, choreographer Bob Fosse insisted on meeting her before working with her, and after meeting and working for a brief time, they each agreed to the arrangement. The show opened on Broadway at the 46th Street Theatre on May 5,1955, transferred to the Adelphi Theatre on May 17,1957, a West End production played at the London Coliseum beginning on March 28,1957, where it played for 258 performances. It starred Olympic skater Belita as Lola, but the Fosse choreography was alien to her style and it also starred Bill Kerr as Applegate, and Ivor Emmanuel as Joe Hardy. In the mid-1970s, Vincent Price starred as Applegate in summer stock productions of the show, in the late 1970s and early 1980s film actor Van Johnson did so in productions throughout the U. S. A. In July,1981, a production was performed at the Jones Beach Marine Theater in Wantagh and it was notable due to former New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath being cast in the role of Joe Boyd. A Broadway revival opened at the Marquis Theatre on March 3,1994, featured were Bebe Neuwirth as Lola and Victor Garber as Applegate. Garber was succeeded by Jerry Lewis, making his Broadway debut, on March 12,1995, jack OBrien directed, with choreography by Rob Marshall, assisted by his sister, Kathleen. OBrien is also credited with revisions to the book, the 1994 revival production opened in the West End at the Adelphi Theatre on June 4,1997 and closed on August 9,1997. Jerry Lewis reprised his role as Applegate, a revival was produced by the City Center Encores. Summer Stars series from July 5 to July 27,2008 and it starred Jane Krakowski as Lola, Sean Hayes as Applegate, Randy Graff as Meg, Megan Lawrence as Gloria Thorpe, PJ Benjamin as Joe Boyd, and Cheyenne Jackson as Joe Hardy. John Rando directed and the original Fosse choreography was reproduced by Mary MacLeod, given the substantial changes in the 1994 revival, this is considered by some the first authentic revival of the original production. Note, This is the plot of the 1994 Broadway revival of the show, for the film version, see Damn Yankees
35.
Tony Award
–
The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
36.
Alan Alda
–
Alan Alda is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and author. A six-time Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award winner, he is known for his roles as Captain Hawkeye Pierce in the TV series M*A*S*H. He has also appeared in feature films, most notably in Crimes and Misdemeanors as pretentious television producer Lester. Senator Owen Brewster, the latter of which saw Alda nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for 14 years, he served as the host of Scientific American Frontiers, a television show that explored cutting-edge advances in science and technology. He serves on the board of the World Science Festival and is a judge for Math-O-Vision and his father, Robert Alda, was an actor and singer, and his mother, Joan Browne, was a homemaker and former beauty-pageant winner. His father was of Italian descent and his mother was of Irish ancestry and his adopted surname, Alda, is a portmanteau of ALphonso and DAbruzzo. When Alda was seven years old, he contracted polio, to combat the disease, his parents administered a painful treatment regimen developed by Sister Elizabeth Kenny, consisting of applying hot woolen blankets to his limbs and stretching his muscles. Alda attended Archbishop Stepinac High School in White Plains, New York, in 1956, he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Fordham College of Fordham University in the Bronx, where he was a student staff member of its FM radio station, WFUV. Aldas half-brother, Antony Alda, born that year, also became an actor, during Aldas junior year, he studied in Paris, acted in a play in Rome, and performed with his father on television in Amsterdam. In college, he was a member of the ROTC, and after graduation, he served for a year at Fort Benning, in 1956, while attending Fordham, he met Arlene Weiss, who was attending Hunter College. They bonded at a friends dinner party, when a rum cake accidentally fell onto the kitchen floor. A year after his graduation, on March 15, they were married and they have three daughters, Eve, Elizabeth, and Beatrice. Two of his eight grandchildren are aspiring actors, the Aldas have been longtime residents of Leonia, New Jersey. Alda began his career in the 1950s, as a member of the Compass Players comedy revue and he continued to play Felix the Owl for the 1964-5 Broadway season. In 1966, he starred in the musical The Apple Tree on Broadway, although from away, Alan Alda says he became a Mainer in 1957 when he played at the Kennebunkport Playhouse. He made his Hollywood acting debut as a player in Gone are the Days. – a film version of the highly successful Broadway play Purlie Victorious, during this time, Alda frequently appeared as a panelist on the 1968 revival of Whats My Line. He also appeared as a panelist on Ive Got a Secret during its 1972 syndication revival, in early 1972, Alda auditioned for and was selected to play the role of Hawkeye Pierce in the TV adaptation of the 1970 film MASH
37.
Alfred Molina
–
He starred as DDA / Detective Ricardo Morales on the NBC police/courtroom drama Law & Order, LA and as Roger opposite Dawn French in the BBC television sitcom Roger & Val Have Just Got In. Molina was born in Paddington, London and his father, Esteban Molina, was a Spaniard immigrant from Madrid who worked as a waiter and chauffeur. His mother, Giovanna, was an Italian house-keeper who cleaned rooms in a hotel, Molina grew up in a working class district in Notting Hill that was inhabited by many other immigrant families. Molina decided to become an actor after seeing Spartacus at the age of nine and he also auditioned and was accepted as a member of National Youth Theatre. Molina appeared with Leonard Rossiter in the sitcom The Losers, Molina made his film debut with a minor role in Raiders of the Lost Ark as Indiana Jones ill-fated guide, Satipo, during its iconic opening sequence. However, his big break came with Letter to Brezhnev, which he followed with a role in Prick Up Your Ears. He was originally cast as Arnold Rimmer in the TV sitcom Red Dwarf, in the early 1990s, Molina was a ubiquitous presence on British television, with his highest profile role being the lead in the first two series of El C. I. D. Subsequent film roles included Species, Dudley Do-Right, Chocolat, Not Without My Daughter, with a mid-western American accent, Molina starred alongside Betty White in the US television series Ladies Man, which ran from 1999–2001. He has worked twice with Paul Thomas Anderson, first in Boogie Nights, Molina gained wide recognition for his portrayal of Diego Rivera alongside Salma Hayek in the biopic Frida, a role for which he gained BAFTA and SAG award nominations. For the latter, Molina was nominated for a Satellite award as Best Supporting Actor and he reprised his role in the video game adaption. In 2006, Molina portrayed Touchstone in Kenneth Branaghs film version of Shakespeares As You Like It, Molina provided the voice of the villain Ares in the 2009 animated film Wonder Woman. Molinas stage work has included two major Royal National Theatre productions, Tennessee Williams The Night of the Iguana and David Mamets Speed-the-Plow, in his Broadway debut, Molina performed in Yasmina Rezas Tony Award-winning play Art, for which he received a Tony nomination in 1998. In 2004, Molina returned to the stage, starring as Tevye in the Broadway production of Fiddler on the Roof, for his performance he once again received a Tony Award nomination, this time for Best Actor in a Musical. Molina received his third Tony Award nomination for Red in 2010, in 2007, Molina narrated a 17-part original audiobook for Audible. com called The Chopin Manuscript. This serialized novel was written by a team of 15 best-selling thriller writers, including Jeffery Deaver, Lee Child, Joseph Finder, the novel won the 2008 Audiobook Of The Year Award form Audio Publishers Association. On 1 April 2010, he opened at Broadways John Golden Theatre in the role of artist Mark Rothko in John Logans drama Red opposite Eddie Redmayne for a limited engagement through 27 June. He had played the role to critical success at the Donmar Warehouse in London in December 2009. In 2010 he starred opposite Dawn French in the six-part BBC sitcom Roger & Val Have Just Got In, in July 2010, it was announced that Molina had joined the cast of Law & Order, LA as Deputy District Attorney Morales
38.
Los Angeles Opera
–
The Los Angeles Opera is an American opera company in Los Angeles, California. It is the fourth-largest opera company in the United States, the companys home base is the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, part of the Los Angeles Music Center. Spanish tenor and conductor Plácido Domingo has been General Director of LA Opera since 2003 and he has also conducted 16 different operas and numerous concerts with the company. American conductor James Conlon has been Music Director since 2006, succeeding Kent Nagano, to date, Maestro Conlon has conducted 46 different operas for LA Opera, in addition to numerous concerts. Christopher Koelsch has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of LA Opera since 2012 and he previously held the position of Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since 2010, after serving as Vice President for Artistic Planning. He is the first year-round resident of Los Angeles to lead LA Opera since 2007, grant Gershon became Resident Conductor as of the 2012–13 season, after previously serving as Associate Conductor/Chorus Master since 2007. LA Opera, which was inaugurated in 1986 with a production of Verdis Otello starring Plácido Domingo, traces its roots back to the Los Angeles Civic Grand Opera and it presented staged productions in a church located in Beverly Hills through the 1950s, funded by furniture maker Francesco Pace. Later, Carol F. Henry, who has served as the President of the Board since 2005, san Francisco Opera began presenting productions in Los Angeles in 1937 and continued to do so every fall until 1969. The NYCO brought productions to Los Angeles every fall from 1966 to 1982, in 1984, the Music Center Opera Association hired Peter Hemmings and gave him the task of creating a local opera company which would once again present its own productions. This led to the forming of Los Angeles Opera, Hemmings stepped down as General Director in 2000, with Plácido Domingo assuming leadership of the company following season. In November 2001, Edgar Baitzel was made director of artistic operations, Baitzel was appointed the companys Artistic Director in May 2003 and then its chief operating officer in February 2006. In September 2012, Christopher Koelsch was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer and he previously held the position of Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since 2010, after serving as Vice President for Artistic Planning. The company offers productions in the operatic repertory as well as new. In 2015, LA Opera presented a new production of The Ghosts of Versailles by John Corigliano, in 2014, Renee Fleming starred in a production of Andre Previns A Streetcar Named Desire. In 2003, it presented the premiere of the opera Nicholas and Alexandra, with music composed by Deborah Drattell. The company has frequently turned to the cinema world for directors of its productions. Garry Marshall directed his own adaptation of Jacques Offenbachs La Grande Duchesse de Gerolstein in 2005, the company presented its first presentation of Richard Wagners complete Der Ring des Nibelungen in the summer of 2010. New productions of Das Rheingold and Die Walküre were performed in early 2009, followed by Siegfried, three full cycles were produced from May 29 through June 26,2010, accompanied by the citywide Ring Festival LA
39.
A Little Night Music
–
A Little Night Music is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. Inspired by the Ingmar Bergman film Smiles of a Summer Night and its title is a literal English translation of the German name for Mozarts Serenade No.13 for strings in G major, Eine kleine Nachtmusik. The musical includes the popular song Send in the Clowns and it was adapted for film in 1977, with Harold Prince directing and Elizabeth Taylor, Len Cariou, Lesley-Anne Down and Diana Rigg starring. The setting is Sweden, around the year 1900, one by one, the Quintet – five singers who comment like a Greek chorus throughout the show – enter, tuning up. Gradually, their vocalizing becomes an overture blending fragments of Remember, Soon and The Glamorous Life, the other characters enter waltzing, each uncomfortable with their particular partner. After they drift back off, the aging and severe Madame Armfeldt and her granddaughter, Fredrika. Madame Armfeldt tells the child that the summer night smiles three times, first on the young, second on fools, and third on the old, Fredrika vows to watch the smiles occur. Middle-aged Fredrik Egerman is a successful lawyer and he has recently married an 18-year-old trophy wife, Anne, a vain girl who is in love with Fredrik, but too immature to grasp the concept of marriage. The two have married for eleven months, but Anne still protects her virginity. Fredrik laments his inability to love to his wife. Meanwhile, his son Henrik, an older than his stepmother, is feeling extremely frustrated. He is a student and everyone is always teasing him. Anne is intrigued by him, but fails to understand his real meaning, Anne promises her husband that shortly she will consent to have sex. Annes maidservant Petra, an experienced and forthright girl, slightly older than the teen herself, offers her worldly, Desiree Armfeldt is a prominent and glamorous actress who is now reduced to touring in small towns. Madame Armfeldt, Desirees mother, has taken over the care of Desirees daughter Fredrika, Fredrika misses her mother, but Desiree continually delays going to see her, preferring, somewhat ironically, The Glamorous Life. She is performing near Fredriks home, and he brings Anne to see the play, while there, Desiree notices Fredrik, the two had been lovers years earlier. Anne, suspicious and annoyed because of Desirees amorous glances, demands that Fredrik take her home immediately, meanwhile, Petra has been trying to seduce Henrik. That night, as Fredrik remembers his past with Desiree, he out to see her
40.
Donna Murphy
–
Donna Murphy is an American actress and singer, known for her work in musical theater. A five-time Tony Award nominee, she has won the Tony for Best Actress in a Musical, for her role as Fosca in Passion and as Anna Leonowens in The King. She was also nominated for her roles as Ruth Sherwood in Wonderful Town, Lotte Lenya in LoveMusik, Murphy made her Broadway debut as a replacement in the 1979 musical Theyre Playing Our Song. Her other stage credits include the original Off-Broadway productions of Song of Singapore, in 1997, she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Childrens Special for her role in Someone Had to be Benny, an episode of the HBO series Lifestories, Families in Crisis. Her film roles include Anij in Star Trek, Insurrection, Rosalie Octavius in Spider-Man 2, Mother Gothel in the animated film Tangled, and as one of the government secretaries in The Bourne Legacy. Murphy, the eldest of seven children, was born in Corona, Queens, New York, the daughter of Jeanne and Robert Murphy, Murphy is of Irish, French, German, and Czech ancestry. Her family moved to Hauppauge, Long Island, New York, at age three, she asked for voice lessons, and she put on shows as a child in Hauppauge. She later moved to Topsfield, Massachusetts and graduated from Masconomet Regional High School in 1977, Murphy was married to actor and singer Shawn Elliott from 1990 until his death in March 2016. She is the stepmother of Elliotts two daughters, in 2005, they adopted a daughter from Guatemala, Darmia Hope. Murphy dropped out of the New York University drama program in her sophomore year when she was cast to understudy the three singers in the 1979 Broadway musical Theyre Playing Our Song. In a 2007 interview, Murphy explained, At the end of my sophomore year, I needed to audition without cutting classes. She also studied at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute and she has appeared in many Off-Broadway productions, including the musical Francis in 1981 at the York Theatre at St. In 2012, she appeared in Stephen Sondheims Into the Woods at The Public Theaters Delacorte Theatre as the Witch. On Broadway, after Theyre Playing Our Song, she was an understudy in the musical/opera The Human Comedy in April 1984 and she also played Audrey in Howard Ashman and Alan Menkens Little Shop of Horrors. In 1994, she played the role of Fosca in Stephen Sondheims and James Lapines Passion, a year later she appeared in Lapines revival, Twelve Dreams. In 1996, she played Anna Leonowens in the revival of The King, the role earned her a second Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. In 2007, she appeared in LoveMusik as Lotte Lenya, opposite Michael Cerveris as Kurt Weill, receiving nominations for Tony and she appeared in the 2007 New York City Center Encores. Staged concert of Follies as Phyllis and she appeared in the Roundabout Theatre production of a new musical, The People in the Picture, which opened on April 28,2011 and closed on June 19,2011
41.
Present Laughter
–
Present Laughter is a comic play written by Noël Coward in 1939 and first staged in 1942 on tour, alternating with his lower middle-class domestic drama This Happy Breed. Later Cowards new play Blithe Spirit was added to the repertory for the tour, the plot follows a few days in the life of the successful and self-obsessed light comedy actor Garry Essendine as he prepares to travel for a touring commitment in Africa. The story was described by Coward as a series of semi-autobiographical pyrotechnics, Coward starred as Garry Essendine in Present Laughter during the original run. Later productions have featured such as Nigel Patrick, Albert Finney, Donald Sinden, Peter OToole, Simon Callow. The play has enjoyed numerous revivals in Europe and North America – including a US tour in 1958 with Coward reprising the Essendine role, Coward wrote, Present Laughter is a very light comedy and was written with the sensible object of providing me with a bravura part. He completed the playscript in 1939, before the outbreak of World War II, given the heros repeated laments over his own ageing and mortality, the title can be seen as ironic. Coward acknowledged that the character, the egocentric actor Garry Essendine, was a self-caricature. Coward had served the British government in intelligence work in the years of the war. Winston Churchill advised Coward that he could do more for the war effort by entertaining the troops, though disappointed, Coward followed this advice. He toured, acted and sang indefatigably in Europe, Africa, Asia, the play was first produced in Blackpool in September 1942, during Cowards wartime tour of Britain after he returned to the theatre. Sets and costumes were designed by Gladys Calthrop, Coward brought the play to the Haymarket Theatre, London, in April 1947, where The Times praised it as a wittily impudent and neatly invented burlesque of a French farce. Coward also played in a French translation, Joyeux Chagrins, in Paris in 1948, the play is published in Methuens Noël Coward, Collected Plays Volume Four. The first major West End revival was in 1965, with Nigel Patrick as Garry, the Times wrote, plays as funny as this are no longer being written in England. Notable successors in the role of Garry include Albert Finney, Peter OToole, Donald Sinden, Tom Conti, Peter Bowles, Ian McKellen, David Threlfall, Rik Mayall, Simon Callow, the Royal National Theatre revived the play in 2007 and 2008 with Alex Jennings as Garry. As many of the actors have been significantly older than the fortyish Garry when they played the part. In September 1956, a production was broadcast by the BBC with John Gielgud as Garry, Nora Swinburne as Liz. In 1974, Paul Scofield broadcast the lead role for the BBC, with Fenella Fielding as Joanna, Patricia Routledge as Monica, Miriam Margolyes as Daphne, Present Laughter was first staged in the United States on 29 October 1946 at the Plymouth Theatre on Broadway. It featured Clifton Webb as Garry and it closed in March 1947 after 158 performances
42.
Huntington Theatre Company
–
The Huntington Theatre Company is Boston’s leading professional theatre and the recipient of the 2013 Regional Theatre Tony Award. Under the direction of Artistic Director Peter DuBois and Managing Director Michael Maso, the Huntington was founded in 1982 by Boston University under President John Silber and Vice President Gerald Gross, and was separately incorporated as an independent non-profit in 1986. Its two prior artistic leaders were Peter Altman and Nicholas Martin. It houses the 360 seat Virginia Wimberly Theatre, the Nancy and Edward Roberts Studio Theatre, Carol G. Deane Hall, and Hall A. The Huntington also operates BostonTheatreScene. com where tickets are sold for productions at the Boston University Theatre, the BCA Theatres on the Plaza, August Wilson had a unique relationship with the Huntington, as eight of his plays were produced here before they went on to New York. The Huntingtons special relationship with August Wilson and his work began in 1986 with a production of Joe Turners Come and Gone, Wilsons third play. For 25 years, the Huntington served as a home to Wilson, developing and premiering seven of the ten plays of his Century Cycle during his life. In 2012, the Huntington completed the cycle with Ma Raineys Black Bottom, in 2011, The Huntington teamed up with Mary Zimmerman to produce a knockout production of Candide. Zimmerman returned in the 2013-2014 season to direct the world premiere adaptation of The Jungle Book in association with Chicagos Goodman Theatre, the Huntington has produced more than 100 New England, American, or world premieres to date. Its education and community programs serve 30,000 young people, the primary focus of the program is creating relationships with writers at all stages of their careers, from emerging talent to established professionals. The program provides a framework for an in-depth, two-year artistic conversation, recently, the Huntington began convening Fellows, past and present, at an annual meeting to solicit ideas on how to improve and expand the program, and the Summer Workshop launched in July 2012. Since its opening in 1982, the Huntington Theatre Company has been nominated for over 240 awards, the Huntington has won 3 Drama Desk Awards,39 Elliot Norton Awards,41 IRNE Awards, and 3 Tony Awards. The Huntington Theatre Company received the 2013 Tony Award for Best Regional Theatre
.jpg)
