1.
Victoria, British Columbia
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Victoria /vɪkˈtɔːriə/ is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, and is located on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canadas Pacific coast. The city has a population of about 85,792, while the area of Greater Victoria, has a population of 367,770. Victoria is the southernmost major city in Western Canada, and is located about 100 kilometres from BCs largest city of Vancouver on the mainland. Named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and, at the time, British North America, Victoria is one of the oldest cities in the Pacific Northwest, with British settlement beginning in 1843. The city has retained a number of its historic buildings. The citys Chinatown is the second oldest in North America after San Franciscos, known as the The Garden City, Victoria is an attractive city and a popular tourism destination with a thriving technology sector that has risen to be its largest revenue-generating private industry. Victoria is in the top twenty of world cities for quality-of-life, Victoria is very popular with boaters with its beautiful and rugged shorelines and beaches. Victoria is also popular with retirees, who come to enjoy the temperate, prior to the arrival of European navigators in the late 1700s, the Victoria area was home to several communities of Coast Salish peoples, including the Songhees. The Spanish and British took up the exploration of the northwest coast, beginning with the visits of Juan Pérez in 1774 and of James Cook. In 1778, although the Victoria area of the Strait of Juan de Fuca was not penetrated until 1790, Spanish sailors visited Esquimalt Harbour in 1790,1791, the Songhees established a village across the harbour from the fort. The Songhees village was moved north of Esquimalt. When the crown colony was established in 1849, a town was out on the site. Victoria was incorporated as a city in 1862, in 1865, Esquimalt was made the North Pacific home of the Royal Navy, and remains Canadas Pacific coast naval base. In the latter half of the 19th century, the Port of Victoria became one of North Americas largest importers of opium, serving the opium trade from Hong Kong and distribution into North America. Opium trade was legal and unregulated until 1865, then the legislature issued licences and levied duties on its import, the opium trade was banned in 1908. In 1886, with the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway terminus on Burrard Inlet and his son James Dunsmuir became premier and subsequently lieutenant-governor of the province and built his own grand residence at Hatley Park in the present City of Colwood. With the economic crash and a surplus of men, Victoria became a target-rich environment for recruiting. Two militia infantry battalions, the 88th Victoria Fusiliers and the 50th Gordon Highlanders, Victoria was the home of Sir Arthur Currie
2.
British Columbia
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British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U. S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Port Moody is named after him, in 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colonys capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu, the capital of British Columbia remains Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for the Queen who created the original European colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, in October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371. British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871, First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title, notably, the Tsilhqotin Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision. BCs economy is diverse, with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the provinces GDP and it is the endpoint of transcontinental railways, and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 km2 land is arable and its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the provinces largest city and metropolitan area, also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies and it also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. The Northern Interior region has a climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, the provinces name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia, i. e. the Mainland, became a British colony in 1858. The current southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, British Columbias land area is 944,735 square kilometres. British Columbias rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres and it is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean. British Columbias capital is Victoria, located at the tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of the Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated, much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by thick, tall and sometimes impenetrable temperate rainforest
3.
Lester Patrick
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Along with his brother Frank Patrick and father Joseph Patrick, he founded the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and helped develop several rules for the game of hockey. Patrick won six Stanley Cups as a player, coach and manager, the son of a wealthy lumberman, Patrick was a great rover and defenceman who first came to prominence in 1900 when he played for McGill University. In 1904 he was the star for the Brandon team in the Northwestern and Manitoba Hockey Leagues, with Patrick at cover point, Brandon challenged the Ottawa Senators for the Stanley Cup in that season, but were defeated in the two-game, total-goal series. He had greater success with the famed Montreal Wanderers in the 1906 and 1907 seasons, scoring 41 goals as a rushing defenceman in just 28 scheduled games while serving as captain of the Redbands, Patrick led them to the Stanley Cup in both seasons. By 1910 the entire Patrick family would affect the Nelson, British Columbia Ladies Hockey Club, sisters Myrtle, Cynda and Dora Patrick were all involved with the club. In 1911 the Nelson Ladies Club was coached by Lester, the Patricks long had western ties. Patrick invented 22 new rules that remain in the NHL rulebook to this day and he introduced the blue line, the forward pass, and the playoff system, a change adopted by other leagues and sports around the world. After a suggestion by his father Joe, he began using numbers on players sweaters, a new rule allowed the puck to be kicked everywhere but into the net, and allowed goaltenders to fall to the ice to make a save. He was responsible for crediting assists when a goal was scored and its no wonder he was later called the Brains of Modern Hockey. Lester himself was the captain and star of the Victoria Aristocrats, the franchise — plagued by small crowds — was moved to Spokane, Washington and became the Spokane Canaries in 1916, and Patrick achieved his fourth and final First Team All-Star berth. After that season the Canaries were disbanded, and Patrick joined the Stanley Cup champion Seattle Metropolitans, the Aristocrats were revived in 1918 as the Victoria Cougars, and Patrick took over as player-manager. Despite playing in only half the games, he was named to the Second All-Star team once more before retiring as a player after the 1922 season. Patrick is famous for an incident which occurred during the Stanley Cup finals of 1928 and this is a record for the oldest goalie to play in the Stanley Cup Finals that still stands today. At the time it was not common for teams to have a backup goaltender, Patrick saved 18 to 19 shots while allowing one goal in helping the Rangers to an overtime victory. For the next three games, the league gave permission for the Rangers to use Joe Miller from the New York Americans in goal, the Rangers went on to win the Stanley Cup. Patrick also guided the Rangers to another championship in 1933, Patrick finally retired as general manager in 1946, but stayed on as vice president of Madison Square Garden, finally exiting in 1950. Patrick donated a trophy to the Western Hockey League, the Lester Patrick Cup, to go to the champions of that league. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947, suffering from cancer, Lester died at his Victoria home after a heart attack on June 1,1960, at the age of 76
4.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
5.
Pacific Coast Hockey Association
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The PCHA was considered to be a major league of ice hockey and was important in the development of the sport of professional ice hockey through its innovations. The league was started by the Patrick family, professional players from Montreal, building new arenas in Vancouver and Victoria. After a few years of play, the league was accepted by the Stanley Cup trustees as being of a high standard that teams from its league were accepted for Stanley Cup challenges. Starting in 1915, the league entered into an agreement where the Stanley Cup was to be contested between the National Hockey Association and the PCHA after the seasons were finished. The league struggled to make money, and various teams moved into different cities in an attempt to be successful financially, eventually, the league, to survive, merged with the WCHL in 1924. After playing for the Renfrew Millionaires in 1910, players Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick moved west to Nelson, after Joe decided to sell the business in January 1911, the Patricks decided then to form a new professional ice hockey league, risking the family fortune. The decision was made to put new rinks in Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, locations which necessitated the use of artificial ice, three teams, the New Westminster Royals, the Victoria Senators, and the Vancouver Millionaires would be formed. The Patricks moved quickly, buying property for the arenas in February, ground was broken for the arenas in April and the arenas were completed in December. Victorias arena seated 4,000, and cost $110,000, all players were paid by the league, unlike the NHA with its competing teams. The PCHA distributed players amongst the teams, Newsy Lalonde of the Canadiens would be the most notable player to move west, to play for Vancouver. The league was organized on December 7,1911 to be run by Frank and Lester. The Victoria arena would open to the public on Christmas Day 1911, the first league championship for the Patterson Cup trophy was won by the New Westminster Royals. The league did not challenge for the Stanley Cup the first year, despite the raiding of the NHA, a March 1912 west coast tour of the NHAs all-stars was arranged, billed as a sort of World Series of hockey. The NHA all-stars included Cyclone Taylor, a name in the East. After the PCHA all-stars won the first two games 10–4 and 5–1, leaving the outcome in no doubt, the NHA manager Art Ross decided to let Taylor play at the Patricks request. Taylor would put on a display of ice hockey prowess for the British Columbia fans. For the 1912–13 season the PCHA continued to raid the east for players, besides Taylor, Goldie Prodgers, Eddie Oatman, Jack McDonald and Ernie Johnson moved out west, although Newsy Lalonde returned to Montreal. The New Westminster rink, to be built by local interests, was not ready, Victoria would win the season and the club arranged for an exhibition series of the Stanley Cup champion Quebec Bulldogs
6.
Stanley Cup
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The Stanley Cup is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoff winner. The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games, Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. After a series of mergers and folds, it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926. There are actually three Stanley Cups, the bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the authenticated Presentation Cup. The NHL has maintained control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks. Nevertheless, the NHL does not actually own the trophy, the original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres in height and 29 centimetres in diameter. The current Stanley Cup, topped with a copy of the bowl, is made of a silver and nickel alloy, it has a height of 89.54 centimetres. Unlike the trophies awarded by the major professional sports leagues of North America. Originally, the winners kept it until a new champion was crowned, currently, winning teams get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. It is unusual among trophies to include winning members names, every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, initially a new band added each year, though this caused the trophy to grow in size, earning the nickname Stovepipe Cup. In 1958 the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing, when the band is full, the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanleys Cup, The Holy Grail, the Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 100 times by 18 active NHL teams, prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine different teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, the Stanley Cup was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11,1888, he, Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreals 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club. The Montreal Gazette reported that he expressed his delight with the game of hockey
7.
Quebec Bulldogs
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The Quebec Bulldogs were a mens senior-level ice hockey team officially known as the Quebec Hockey Club, and later as the Quebec Athletic Club. One of the first organized ice hockey clubs, the club debuted in 1878 with the opening of the Quebec Skating Rink, the club continued as an amateur team through various leagues, eventually becoming professional in 1908. The club would play in the National Hockey Association and the National Hockey League, in 1920, the team moved to Hamilton, Ontario and became the Hamilton Tigers. The Quebec Hockey Club was founded in 1878, after the construction of the Quebec Skating Rink in 1877, play was by exhibition only, against teams drawn from the club members or visiting teams from Montreal. In 1883, the played in the Montreal Winter Carnival. After the AHAC, Quebec played in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League from 1899 to 1905, the club came close to winning the Stanley Cup on two occasions. In the 1894 season Quebec tied for the AHAC regular season lead with three other clubs, the AHAC drew up plans to hold the playoff solely in Montreal. Quebec declined to play in Montreal without one game in Quebec, in 1904, Quebec won the CAHL outright. In a dispute, the club did not win the Stanley Cup or challenge for it, the Ottawa Hockey Club was the defending champions in 1903–04, but withdrew from the league. Quebec went on to win the CAHL and expected to receive the Stanley Cup as league champions, the trustees of the Cup instead ruled that the Cup went to Ottawa. In late 1909, Quebec became a member of the Canadian Hockey Association in 1909. The CHA, however, would only last one month before being absorbed into the more powerful National Hockey Association. Rejected by the new league, the Bulldogs sat out the inaugural 1910 season, the following season, 1910–11, the Bulldogs took over the defunct Cobalt Silver Kings franchise, but had a rough initiation, finishing dead last with four wins and 12 losses in a 16-game season. On a positive note, and a sign of things to come, Jack McDonald scored 14 goals and Tommy Dunderdale scored 13. For 1911–12, the Bulldogs went from worst to first, with Joe Malone having a season, to win the OBrien Cup as champions of the NHA. The Dogs record improved to 10 wins and eight losses while Malone scored 21 goals, in a Stanley Cup challenge, they crushed the Moncton Victorias in two games, 9–3 and 8–0, in the best-of-three playoff. In their third season, Quebec would again finish first overall with a record of 16-4 losses to retain the championship, Joe Malone won the scoring race with an unprecedented 43 goals. His teammate, Tommy Smith, was a second with 39
8.
Toronto Blueshirts
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The Toronto Hockey Club, known as the Torontos and the Toronto Blueshirts, were a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They were a member of the National Hockey Association, the club was founded in 1911 and began operations in 1912. The club won its sole Stanley Cup championship in 1914, the club became the center of a controversy among NHA owners leading to the NHA suspending operations and the owners forming the National Hockey League. The Blue Shirts were replaced in the NHL by a new Toronto Hockey Club under the ownership of the Toronto Arena Company, the Torontos players were leased to the Arena ownership temporarily and competed in the NHL in 1917–18, winning the Stanley Cup. The Arena Company was then granted a permanent franchise for the 1918–19 season that evolved into todays Toronto Maple Leafs, the NHA was founded in 1909 without any teams based in Toronto. National Hockey Association founder Ambrose OBrien, operated four franchises in the NHA, the Cobalt Silver Kings, Haileybury Comets, Les Canadiens and the Renfrew Creamery Kings. In 1910, OBrien suspended the Cobalt, Haileybury and Canadiens clubs and sold one franchise to form the Montreal Canadiens, in 1911, OBrien decided to leave professional ice hockey entirely. Quebec interests bought one of the franchises from OBrien, and the two were sold to Toronto interests who planned to play in the new Arena Gardens arena under construction. The franchise which became the Toronto Hockey Club was bought by Frank Robinson, Percy Quinn, Quinn was president of the Dominion Lacrosse Association, a Canadian professional lacrosse league that had patterned itself after the NHA. The second Toronto franchise was awarded to an affiliated with the Tecumseh Lacrosse Club of Toronto. According to Coleman, the franchise for the Torontos was that used by the Les Canadiens, other books quote OBrien as selling the Canadiens to George Kennedy, leaving the case of which franchise was sold to Robinson unresolved. In any case, the Toronto team was built from scratch, Toronto had not previously had an arena with artificial ice that would be large enough for an NHA team, but in 1911, work began on the Arena Gardens. The schedule for the 1911–12 season was drawn up with two Toronto teams, as the Arena was not finished, no games were scheduled to be played in Toronto until the end of January, when the new arena was supposed to be ready. The Torontos played their first game on December 25,1912 before 4,000 fans at Arena Gardens, the Toronto Hockey Club was owned by Quinn, managed by Ridpath, and initially coached by Tom Humphrey who was soon replaced by player-coach Jack Marshall. The team Ridpath put on the ice included Cully Wilson and future hall-of-famers Hap Holmes, Harry Cameron, Frank Foyston, the Torontos finished the year in a tie for third place. Before the 1913–14 season, the club faced some upheaval, Ridpath resigned as manager in October 1913 and was replaced by Marshall. Ridpath would try out as a player but gave up his comeback attempt before the season started, despite the changes, the Torontos won the Stanley Cup in 1914, defeating the Montreal Canadiens in a playoff to decide the NHA champion. After the season, the then played a series with the Victoria Aristocrats of the Pacific Coast Hockey League
9.
Spokane, Washington
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Spokane is a city in the state of Washington, in the northwestern United States. It is the seat of Spokane County, and the economic and cultural center of the Spokane Metropolitan Area, the Greater Spokane Area, the city, along with the whole Inland Northwest, is served by Spokane International Airport,5 miles west of downtown Spokane. According to the 2010 Census, Spokane had a population of 208,916, making it the second largest city in Washington and the 102nd largest city in the United States. The first humans to live in the area, the Spokane people, known as the birthplace of Fathers Day, Spokane is officially nicknamed the Lilac City. David Thompson explored the area with the expansion and establishment of the North West Companys Spokane House in 1810. This trading post was the first long-term European settlement in Washington, completion of the Northern Pacific Railway in 1881 brought settlers to the Spokane area, and that same year it was officially incorporated as a city with the name of Spokan Falls. In the late 19th century, gold and silver were discovered in the Inland Northwest, the local economy depended on mining, timber, and agriculture until the 1980s. Spokane hosted the first environmentally themed Worlds Fair at Expo 74, many of the older Romanesque Revival-style buildings in the downtown area were designed by architect Kirtland Kelsey Cutter after the Great Fire of 1889. The city also features Riverfront and Manito parks, the Smithsonian-affiliated Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, the Davenport Hotel, and the Fox and Bing Crosby theaters. The Cathedral of Our Lady of Lourdes serves as the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane, the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist represents the Anglican community. Gonzaga University was established in 1887 by the Jesuits, and the private Presbyterian Whitworth University opened three years later in north Spokane, in sports, the Gonzaga Bulldogs collegiate basketball team competes at the Division I level. Professional and semi-professional sports teams include the Spokane Indians in Minor League Baseball, Spokane Empire in arena football, as of 2010, Spokanes only major daily newspaper, The Spokesman-Review, has a daily circulation of over 76,000. The first humans to live in the Spokane area arrived between 13,000 and 8,000 years ago and were hunter-gatherer societies that lived off plentiful game. The Spokane tribe, after which the city is named, are believed to be either their direct descendants, when asked by early white explorers, the Spokanes said their ancestors came from up North. Early in the 19th century, the Northwest Fur Company sent two white fur trappers west of the Rocky Mountains to search for fur. These were the first white men met by the Spokanes, who believed they were sacred, the explorer-geographer David Thompson, working as head of the North West Companys Columbia Department, became the first European to explore the Inland Empire. Crossing what is now the Canada–US border from British Columbia, Thompson wanted to expand the North West Company further south in search of furs, after establishing the Kullyspell House and Saleesh House trading posts in what are now Idaho and Montana, Thompson then attempted to expand further west. He sent out two trappers, Jacques Raphael Finlay and Finan McDonald, to construct a fur trading post on the Spokane River in Washington and trade with the local Indians
10.
Canadian Armed Forces
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This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force. Under the National Defence Act, the Canadian Armed Forces are an entity separate and distinct from the Department of National Defence, the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, during the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s, Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Prior to Confederation in 1867, residents of the colonies in what is now Canada served as members of French and British forces. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military aviation and these forces were organised under the Department of Militia and Defence, and split into the Permanent and Non-Permanent Active Militias—frequently shortened to simply The Militia. By 1923, the department was merged into the Department of National Defence, the first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, the Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War. Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis. At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world and its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies, a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. After the 1980s, the use of the Canadian Armed Forces name gave way to Canadian Forces, land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts. The nature of the Canadian Forces has continued to evolve and they have been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011, under the NATO-led United Nations International Security Assistance Force, at the request of the Government of Afghanistan. The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20, the number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition,5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving, if this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queens Regulations and Orders, the 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to renew certain so-called core capabilities, in addition, new systems have also been acquired for the Armed Forces
11.
Portland Rosebuds (ice hockey)
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Portland Rosebuds was the name of two professional mens ice hockey teams in Portland, Oregon. Both teams played their games at the Portland Ice Arena. The first Rosebuds are notable for being the first American based team to compete for the Stanley Cup, the second Rosebuds are notable in that their roster was used to build the NHL expansion Chicago Blackhawks. The first Portland Rosebuds played in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association from 1914 to 1918, the team was previously known as the New Westminster Royals, an inaugural member of the PCHA in 1911. The team moved to Portland due to attendance in New Westminster, British Columbia. In 1916 the Portland Rosebuds won the PCHA championship and briefly held the Stanley Cup and their win is memorialized on the Stanley Cup as Portland Ore. /PCHA Champions/1915–16 on the 1909 base ring, one of the permanent rings. Portland was the first United States-based team to participate in the Stanley Cup Finals. Note, GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF = Goals for and this was the final season for the Western Hockey League. When the league folded, the Saskatoon players were sold to form the Montreal Maroons, frank Patrick then negotiated the sale of the rest of the WHL players to the National Hockey League. The players were to be sold as three teams, one from the Victoria Cougars, one from the Rosebuds, and a third from the best players from Calgary, Edmonton and Vancouver. A deal was reached where the players of the Rosebuds were sold for $100,000 to form the new Chicago Black Hawks expansion franchise, the Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol
12.
Montreal Canadiens
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The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the clubs official name is le Club de hockey Canadien. The team is referred to in English and French as the Habs. French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens, Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge, La Sainte-Flanelle, Le Tricolore, Les Glorieux, Les Habitants, Le CH and Le Grand Club. Founded in 1909, the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide, the franchise is one of the Original Six teams, a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion. The teams championship season in 1992–93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup, the Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise. They have won 24 Stanley Cups,22 of them since 1927, on a percentage basis, as of 2014, the franchise has won 25. Since 1996, the Canadiens have played their games at Centre Bell. The team previously played at the Montreal Forum which housed the team for seven decades and all, the Canadiens were founded by J. Ambrose OBrien on December 4,1909, as a charter member of the National Hockey Association, the forerunner to the National Hockey League. It was to be the team of the community in Montreal, composed of francophone players. The teams first season was not a success, as they placed last, after the first year, ownership was transferred to George Kennedy of Montreal and the teams fortunes improved over the next seasons. The team won its first Stanley Cup championship in the 1915–16 season, in 1917, with four other NHA teams, the Canadiens formed the NHL, and they won their first NHL Stanley Cup during the 1923–24 season, led by Howie Morenz. The team moved from the Mount Royal Arena to the Montreal Forum for the 1926–27 season, the club began the 1930s decade successfully, with Stanley Cup wins in 1930 and 1931. The Canadiens and its rival, the Montreal Maroons, declined both on the ice and economically during the Great Depression. Losses grew to the point where the team owners considering selling the team to interests in Cleveland, Ohio, the Maroons still suspended operations, and several of their players moved to the Canadiens. Led by the Punch Line of Maurice Rocket Richard, Toe Blake and Elmer Lach in the 1940s, the Canadiens added ten more championships in 15 seasons from 1965 to 1979, with another dynastic run of four-straight Cups from 1976 to 1979. In the 1976–77 season, the Canadiens set two still-standing team records — for most points, with 132, and fewest losses, by losing eight games in an 80-game season. The next season, 1977–78, the team had a 28-game unbeaten streak, scotty Bowman, who would later set a record for most NHL victories by a coach, was the teams head coach for its last five Stanley Cup victories in the 1970s
13.
National Hockey League
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Headquartered in New York City, the NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the playoff champion at the end of each season. At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, the league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams. After a labour-management dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, in 2009, the NHL enjoyed record highs in terms of sponsorships, attendance, and television audiences. The league draws many highly skilled players from all over the world, canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons. The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association, founded in 1909, the NHA began play one year later with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, frank Calder was chosen as its first president, serving until his death in 1943. The Bulldogs were unable to play, and the remaining owners created a new team in Toronto, the first games were played on December 19,1917. The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations, the NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, which was an interleague competition back then. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association for the 1918 Stanley Cup. The Canadiens won the title in 1919, however their Stanley Cup Final against the PCHAs Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned as a result of the Spanish Flu epidemic. Montreal in 1924 won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL, the Hamilton Tigers, won the regular season title in 1924–25 but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus. The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after defeated the Toronto St. Patricks in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League for the 1925 Stanley Cup and it was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy, as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926 after the WCHL ceased operation. The National Hockey League embarked on rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons, the Bruins were the first American team in the league. The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, the New York Rangers were added in 1926. The Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars were also added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL, a group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Maple Leafs. The first NHL All-Star Game was held in 1934 to benefit Ace Bailey, the second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenzs family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game
14.
Anaheim Ducks
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The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League, since their inception, the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center. The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks. Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli, the Ducks have made the playoffs 12 times and won five Pacific Division titles, two Western Conference championships and one Stanley Cup. The Mighty Ducks of Anaheim were founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company, the franchise was awarded by the NHL in December 1992, along with the rights to a Miami team that would become the Florida Panthers. An entrance fee of $50 million was required, half of which Disney would pay directly to the Los Angeles Kings in order to share Southern California. Philadelphia-arena management specialist Tony Tavares was chosen to be president, and Jack Ferreira. The Ducks selected Ron Wilson to be the first coach in team history, the Ducks and the expansion Florida Panthers team filled out their rosters in the 1993 NHL Expansion Draft and the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. In the former, a focus on defense led to goaltenders Guy Hebert and Glenn Healy being the first picks, followed by Alexei Kasatonov and Steven King. In the latter, the Ducks selected as the fourth overall pick Paul Kariya, the resulting roster had the lowest payroll of the NHL, with only $7.9 million. Led by captain Troy Loney, the Ducks finished the season 33–46–5, a number of wins for an expansion team. The Ducks sold out 27 of 41 home games, including the last 25, Ducks licensed merchandise shot to number one in sales among NHL clubs, helped by their presence in Disneys theme parks and Disney Stores. The lockout-shortened 1994–95 NHL season saw the debut of Paul Kariya, the Ducks had another respectable season, going 16–27–5. 1995–96 would mark a big change for the team, especially for second-year superstar Paul Kariya, during the season, he was chosen to play for the Western Conference in the 1996 NHL All-Star Game as the lone Ducks representative. At the time of his selection, Kariya was ranked 14th in league scoring with 51 points over 42 games, and his efforts, then a midseason blockbuster deal with the Winnipeg Jets improved the franchise. The Ducks sent Chad Kilger, Oleg Tverdovsky and a third round pick to the Jets in return for Marc Chouinard, following the trade, Ducks centre Steve Rucchin commented, Paul had a lot of pressure on him. He singlehandedly won some games for us this year, now that we have Teemu, theres no way everybody can just key on Paul. These three players formed one of the most potent lines of their time, although the trade proved to be an important effort in the team, they still finished short of the playoffs, losing the eight spot in the West to the Jets based on the number of wins
15.
Detroit
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Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
16.
Detroit Red Wings
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The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan. They are members of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League and are one of the Original Six teams of the league, founded in 1926, the team was known as the Detroit Cougars from then until 1930. For the 1930–31 and 1931–32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons, between the 1933–34 and 1965–66 seasons, the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times. Between the 1966–67 and 1990–91 seasons, the Red Wings made the only eight times in 25 seasons. During the last 11 years of this stretch, only five of the Leagues 21 teams did not make the post-season and this rough period for the team provoked the nickname of the Dead Wings. Near the end of that 25-year period, however, the Red Wings advanced to the Conference Finals twice. They have made the playoffs in 30 of the last 32 seasons, including 25 in a row, during a subsequent meeting on May 15, the league approved a franchise to the Townsend-Seyburn group of Detroit and named Charles A. Hughes as governor. Frank and Lester Patrick, the owners of the WHL, made a deal to sell the players to the NHL. The new Detroit franchise purchased the players of the folded Victoria Cougars WHL club to play for the team, the new Detroit franchise also adopted the Cougars nickname in honor of the folded franchise. Since no arena in Detroit was ready at the time, the Cougars played their first season in Windsor, for the 1927–28 season, the Cougars moved into the new Detroit Olympia, which would be their home rink until December 27,1979. This was also the first season behind the bench for Jack Adams, the Cougars made the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 1929 with Carson Cooper leading the team in scoring. The Cougars were outscored 7–2 in the series with the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 1930, the Cougars were renamed the Falcons, but their woes continued, as they finished near the bottom of the standings. In 1932, the NHL let grain merchant James E. Norris, Norris first act was to choose a new name for the team—the Red Wings. Earlier in the century, Norris had been a member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the MAAAs teams were known by their club emblem and these Winged Wheelers were the first winners of the Stanley Cup in 1893. Norris decided that a version of their logo was perfect for a team playing in the Motor City, Norris also placed coach Jack Adams on a one-year probation for the 1932–33 NHL season. Adams managed to pass his probationary period by leading the franchise to first ever playoff series victory over the Montreal Maroons. Despite this success, the team lost in the semi-finals to the New York Rangers, in 1934 the Wings made the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time, with John Sorrell scoring 21 goals over 47 games and Larry Aurie leading the team in scoring
17.
Hec Fowler
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Norman Boswell Hec Fowler was a two-sport athlete from Canada. He was an ice hockey goaltender, most notably for the Victoria Cougars of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. He was also a goalkeeper for Saskatoon Thistle. With Fowler at the helm, the Mets won the championship but were upset in the playoffs by the Vancouver Millionaires. At that point, Fowler enlisted in the military for the last year of World War I, and he played five seasons in all for the Cougars before being sold to the expansion Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League in October 1924. Behind a weak defense, Fowler was repeatedly shelled and released by Boston by the end of December and he signed with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Western Canada Hockey League to finish the season, but took the next year off. Named to the PCHA First All-Star Team in 1917, named to the PCHA Second All-Star Team in 1918. Hec Fowlers biography at Legends of Hockey Hec Fowlers career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database Hec Fowler at Find a Grave
18.
Frank Foyston
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Frank Corbett The Flash Foyston was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Foyston was a member of Stanley Cup championship teams with the Toronto Blueshirts in 1914, the Seattle Metropolitans in 1917, while with the Metropolitans, he twice led the Pacific Coast Hockey Association in goals. After his retirement from playing, Foyston became a minor league head coach and he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1958. Foyston was born in Minesing, Ontario, in 1891, from 1908 to 1910, he played for the Barrie Athletic Club in the OHA Jr. league. In 1908–09, he scored 17 goals in 6 games, in 1910–11, Foyston played for the Barrie Athletic Club in the OHA Sr. league and scored 14 goals in 6 games. The following season, he played for the Toronto Eatons, scoring 15 goals in 6 games in the season and 5 goals in 4 games in the playoffs. Foyston began his hockey career with the National Hockey Associations Toronto Blueshirts in 1912–13. In his first season with Toronto, he scored 8 goals in 16 games, the following year, he scored 16 goals in 19 regular season games and 1 goal in 2 playoff games to help the Blueshirts win the NHA championship. In the 1914 Stanley Cup Finals against the PCHAs Victoria Cougars, the following season, he had 13 goals and 9 assists in 20 games. At the beginning of the 1915–16 season, Foyston signed with the PCHAs Seattle Metropolitans, in his first season with Seattle, he had 13 points in 18 games. The following season, he had 36 goals and 12 assists in 24 games, Seattle played in the 1917 Stanley Cup Finals against the Montreal Canadiens, and Foyston had 7 goals and 3 assists to help the Metropolitans win the Stanley Cup in four games. It was the first time an American team had won the Cup, at the end of the season, Foyston was voted the Champion All-Around Hockey Player in the PCHA. In 1918–19, Foyston scored 15 goals in 18 regular season games and 3 goals in 2 playoff games, Foyston scored 9 goals in 5 games before the series was abandoned due to the influenza epidemic. The Stanley Cup was not awarded that year, the following season, in 1919–20, Foyston scored 26 goals in 22 regular season games and 3 goals in 2 playoff games, as Seattle advanced to the 1920 Stanley Cup Finals. In the Finals, he had 6 goals in 5 games, Foyston played with Seattle until 1924. After the franchise folded, he signed with Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League, in 1924–25, he had 11 points in 27 regular season games and 2 points in 4 playoff games. In the 1925 Stanley Cup Finals against the Canadiens, he scored 1 goal in 4 games to help the Cougars become the last non-NHL team to win the Cup and he played in the 1926 Stanley Cup Finals the following year but had no points. The Victoria franchise was purchased by the National Hockey Leagues Detroit Cougars, in 1928–29, Foyston was a player-coach for the Detroit Olympics of the Canadian Professional Hockey League
19.
Frank Fredrickson
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Sigurður Franklin Fredrickson was a Canadian ice hockey player who was significant to both the amateur and professional sport as it evolved in North America in the early 20th century. Fredricksons career was interrupted by service during World War I. The Icelandic spelling of his last name is Friðriksson and the alternate English spelling Frederickson, Fredrickson attended Kelvin Technical Institute and Central Collegiate before enrolling at the University of Manitoba law school, where he captained the hockey team. After serving in the 196th Battalion in World War I, he captained the Winnipeg Falcons, to the 1920 Allan Cup and then to the first gold medal offered in the sport at the 1920 Olympics at Antwerp. Professionally, Fredrickson played for the Victoria Cougars of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the Boston Bruins, Pittsburgh Pirates and he helped Victoria win the Stanley Cup in 1925. On December 21,1928 Fredrickson was traded from the Boston Bruins to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Mickey MacKay, when the Stanley Cup was redone during the 1957–58 NHL season his name was engraved, contrary to NHL rules, on the Cup with the 1929 Bruins. Fredrickson was a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates the day Boston won the Cup and this made him ineligible to be on the cup with Boston. Fredrickson coached hockey and lacrosse after his retirement and he coached the Pittsburgh Pirates during the 1929–1930 season, when he also played 9 games, but the team went 5-36-3 and moved to Philadelphia the next season before folding. Fredrickson was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1958 and is also a member of the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame, Fredrickson was of Icelandic and Irish heritage. Honoured Members, Hockey Hall of Fame, Frank Fredricksons biography at Legends of Hockey Frank Fredrickson player profile at NHL. com Frank Fredricksons career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
20.
Hap Holmes
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Harry George Hap Holmes was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. As a professional, Holmes won the Stanley Cup four times and he tied the record of his 1914 Stanley Cup winning Toronto Blueshirts teammate Jack Marshall, who also won Cups with four different teams. No other player has duplicated this record, Holmes won the first of his four Stanley Cups in 1914. For the 1917–18 season, Holmes ended up playing for the Torontos of the National Hockey League through a series of loans by other teams, Holmes won his third Stanley Cup in his only full season with the Torontos. After playing two games in the 1918-19 season for the Toronto Arenas, Holmes would be recalled by the Metropolitans, Holmes played for the Metropolitans for the next six seasons, until the team folded. In the 1924–25 season, Holmes joined the Victoria Cougars of the West Coast Hockey League, Holmes played for the Cougars for two seasons, winning the Stanley Cup for his fourth and last time. After the WCHL/WHL league folded, Holmes joined the Detroit Cougars of the NHL, playing with the Cougars for two seasons before retiring. Holmes was a stand-up style goaltender, later on in his career, Holmes wore a cap when in goal to protect his head from objects thrown by spectators, as it presented a tempting target to them. Holmes coached minor-league teams after his retirement, notably the Toronto Millionaires of the Canadian Professional Hockey League, Holmes died on June 27,1941, near Fort Lauderdale, Florida and was inducted posthumously into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972. Harry Hap Holmes, alternatively nicknamed Happy, started playing ice hockey as an amateur with the Parkdale Canoe Club in the Ontario Hockey Association in the 1908–09 season and he played with Parkdale for three seasons, for 11 regular season games and two playoff games. In his first season with the Parkdale Canoe Club, Holmes lost all three games in which he appeared, giving up 22 goals over that stretch, the following season, Holmes appeared in four games, winning and losing two games apiece. Over the 1909–10 season, Holmes gave up 26 goals, in 1910–11, his last season with the Parkdale Canoe Club, he appeared in four regular season games once more, winning three and losing one, while giving up only 12 goals over those games. In the playoffs, Holmes played two games, losing one and tying the other, surrendering nine goals, in the 1911–12 season, Holmes appeared in only one exhibition game, as the Toronto Blueshirts were unable to play due to the slow completion of their artificial ice. Holmes played a game for the Toronto Tecumsehs, conceding three goals in a victory, Holmes began his professional career playing for the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association in 1912–13. Holmes played with the Blueshirts for three seasons, in his first season with the Blueshirts, Holmes had a 6–7 record over 15 games with a shutout, and a 4.47 goals-against average. The Blueshirts ended up missing the playoffs, in the 1913–14 season, Holmes second season with the Blueshirts, he won the Stanley Cup for the first time. It was the first time a Toronto-based team won the Stanley Cup, the next season, the Blueshirts missed the playoffs, as Holmes had only eight victories over 20 games, ending up with a 4.18 goals-against average. In the 1915–16 season, Holmes signed with the Seattle Metropolitans of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, in his first season with the Metropolitans, Holmes played 18 games
21.
Jack Walker (ice hockey)
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John Phillip Jack Walker was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Toronto Blueshirts, Seattle Metropolitans, Victoria Cougars, and Detroit Cougars. Born in Silver Mountain, Ontario, Walker grew up in Port Arthur and he played with various Port Arthur teams in the New Ontario Hockey League. On March 16,1911 he and team mate Eddie Carpenter played for the Port Arthur Hockey Club against the Ottawa Senators of the NHA for the Stanley Cup, Carpenter and Walker each scored a goal but the Port Arthur team lost 4-13. During the 1912–13 season, Walker and Carpenter played for the Moncton Victorias of the MaPHL, Walker helped the 1914 Toronto Blueshirts,1917 Seattle Metropolitans, and 1925 Victoria Cougars all win Stanley Cups in his career. He is one of only 11 players in Stanley Cup history to win the Cup with three or more different teams and he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1960. Jack Walkers biography at Legends of Hockey Jack Walkers career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
22.
Centre (ice hockey)
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The centre in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice, away from the side boards. Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player, centres are ideally stronger, faster skaters who can back check quickly from deep in the opposing zone. Generally, centres are expected to be gifted passers more so than goal scorers and they are also expected to have exceptional ice vision, intelligence, and creativity. They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice, centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving. First-liners are usually the top players, although some top players make the line to allow for offensive scoring opportunities. Centres are required to cover much of the ice in all three zones, where the centre tends to play in the offensive zone is usually a matter of coaching and personal preference. Centres are responsible for keeping the flow of the moving, and generally handle. Because of this, most good centres tend to score rather than goals because the play goes through them as they try to find open teammates. Because the range of offensive styles teams like to use, exactly how centres are used in the zone is as varied as the players themselves. Generally the centres role on offence is to move the offence through himself, setting up other players and they roam around most areas of the ice in the zone and have a lot of freedom in decision making. They are also expected to constantly be in motion causing defenders to have a time tracking them. Zone Entry The matter of bringing the puck in the zone generally is accomplished in two ways, the first involves the teams best puck carrier using his speed and quickness to cross the blue line with the puck and set up the offence. Once the puck is freed the offence can then set up as normal, behind the net When a centres winger is being attacked along the boards, the centre can take position behind the net to receive the pressured wingers pass. Behind the net is a place for some centres to play. It is a difficult position to defend because it forces the opposing defencemen to leave the front of the net. It also gives the centre a view of the ice. From here the centre has clear passing lanes and minimizes the distance, in the slot Many centres use their mobility and freedom to take advantage of the slot area, the area in between the faceoff dots, about 5 to 15 feet from the goal. The slot area is notorious goalscoring territory because of its proximity to the net, centres like this area because of its openness
23.
Jocko Anderson
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John Wilberforce Jocko Anderson was a two-sport athlete from Canada. In Winnipeg, he won the 1915 Connaught Cup with Winnipeg Scottish FC in soccer, as a Canadian professional hockey player, he won the 1925 Stanley Cup with the Victoria Cougars. Anderson played in the Western Canada Hockey League with the Calgary Tigers, in soccer, he also played for the Calgary Callies. Jocko Andersons career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
